Ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a tunnel, comprising: a plurality of air duct relay devices, which are installed at intervals and rotate in the air duct of the tunnel; wherein the air duct relay device is used for providing power for ventilation and smoke exhaust in the air duct at the cross section of the air duct; the air duct relay device is also used for rotating to a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct to avoid air flow in the air duct. In the normal ventilation working condition, the air duct relay device rotates and the air duct relay device remains at the cross section of the air duct, according to the instruction action, the air duct relay device is positively rotated or reversely rotated, and the tunnel is ventilated or exhausted through the civil air duct. When the air duct relay device is in a fault state or needs to be stopped, the air duct relay device rotates to a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct, so that the area of the air duct occupied by the air duct relay device during operation of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ventilation and smoke exhaust, in particular to a ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a tunnel. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tunnel is usually built in the mountain, underground or underwater, so it has the characteristics of narrow and closed. When the railway train, subway vehicle and car pass through the tunnel in normal working condition, a large amount of pollution gas and fine particles will be generated, which will make the air quality and clarity in the tunnel worse. In the accident working condition, the tunnel will be blocked and fire, which will endanger the personal safety of the personnel. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of driving and provide protection for personnel evacuation, a ventilation and smoke exhaust system must be arranged in the tunnel. However, the increasing length of the tunnel will make the resistance of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system too high, so that power relay is needed in the air duct. In the existing system, the thrust generated by the jet fan and induced fan is used to ventilate and smoke exhaust in the super-long tunnel. However, this kind of technical means has the following problems:

[0003] (1) The operation cost and safety problem of tunnel ventilation are increased. In order to improve the smoke exhaust efficiency, the wind pipe and the flow guide component are arranged on the top of the tunnel carriageway, and then connected with the side smoke exhaust duct, which causes too many wind pipes arranged on the top of the tunnel carriageway, increases the tunnel ventilation resistance and operation cost, and causes the wind pipes to fall off under the long-term action of the traffic ventilation force, which has unpredictable consequences.

[0004] (2) The local pressure of the fan can cause disturbance and backflow of the smoke layer, and the effective power relay cannot be realized. The fan cannot fill the air duct. When the fan is turned on, the local pressure of the fan will cause the smoke layer to be disturbed, and even the local backflow of the smoke layer will occur, so that part of the smoke cannot be effectively exhausted, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the fan is reduced, and the effective power relay cannot be realized.

[0005] (3) In order to meet the requirements of the fixed point smoke exhaust system equipment, the size of the smoke exhaust duct needs to be increased to reduce the resistance of the smoke exhaust pipeline, which causes the increase of the tunnel construction and installation cost of hundreds of millions of yuan. The super-long tunnel will cause the resistance in the air duct to be too large. In order to meet the pressure requirements of the fixed point smoke exhaust system equipment, the size of the smoke exhaust duct needs to be increased, which causes the increase of the tunnel construction and installation cost of hundreds of millions of yuan.

[0006] (4) The power wall with symmetrical opening structure is greatly limited by the requirements of the tunnel section and system parameters. In order to avoid the fan becoming resistance, the power wall with symmetrical opening structure is designed. However, due to the different tunnel construction technology and site conditions, the irregular air duct section and narrow section are easily formed in the tunnel, which greatly limits the power wall with symmetrical opening structure by the requirements of the tunnel section and system parameters, and also increases the construction difficulty and engineering cost. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve one of the above technical defects, the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system provided in the embodiments of the present application is provided.

[0008] The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises:

[0009] A plurality of air duct relay devices are rotationally installed in the air duct of the tunnel at intervals.

[0010] The air duct relay device is used to provide power for ventilation and smoke exhaust in the air duct at the cross section of the air duct, and the air duct relay device is also used to rotate to a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct to avoid air flow in the air duct.

[0011] The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system provided in the embodiments of the present application has the following advantages:

[0012] In the normal state without fire in the tunnel and without the need for additional ventilation, the air duct relay device rotates to a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct, and air can flow freely in the space surrounded by the air duct. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the air duct relay device rotates and the air duct relay device remains at the cross section of the air duct 1. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system starts to work, and the air duct relay device works in sections to provide power, discharging smoke along the air duct through the ventilation shafts at both ends of the tunnel. Similarly, in the normal ventilation condition, the air duct relay device rotates and the air duct relay device remains at the cross section of the air duct, and according to the command action, it rotates forward or reverses, and ventilates or exhausts the tunnel through the civil air duct. When the air duct relay device is in a fault state or needs to stop, the air duct relay device rotates to a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct, reducing the area of the air duct occupied by the ventilation and smoke exhaust system during operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and form a part of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0014] Figure 1 The cross section arrangement of the air duct relay device in the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 The air duct relay device in the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system provided in the embodiments of the present application is in an open state;

[0016] Figure 3 The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises:

[0017] Figure 4A left single opening structure schematic diagram of the air duct relay device in the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0018] Figure 5 A right single opening structure schematic diagram of the air duct relay device in the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0019] Figure 6 A left-right symmetrical double opening structure schematic diagram of the air duct relay device in the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0020] Figure 7 A left-right asymmetrical double opening structure schematic diagram of the air duct relay device in the ventilation and smoke exhaust system of the tunnel is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0021] Explanation of reference signs:

[0022] Air duct 1, combined fan 2, connecting rod device 3, channel steel door 4, rotating shaft 5, wind shield 6, triangular fixed support 7, caster 8, electric transmission 9, door opening electromagnetic bayonet device 10-1, door opening electromagnetic fixed device 11-1, door closing electromagnetic bayonet device 10-2, door closing electromagnetic fixed device 11-2, door opening spring buffer 12-1, door opening pressure sensor 13-1, door closing spring buffer 12-2, door closing pressure sensor 13-2, channel steel door control and fault feedback module 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present application more clear and apparent, the exemplary embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0024] In the process of implementing the present application, the inventors found that the air duct relay device used in the existing smoke ventilation system increases the operation cost and safety problems of the tunnel smoke ventilation system during the power relay smoke exhaust process. The local pressure of the fan easily causes disturbance and backflow of the smoke layer, and cannot realize effective power relay. In order to meet the requirements of the fixed-point smoke exhaust system equipment, the construction and installation cost of hundreds of millions of yuan is increased. The power wall of the symmetrical opening structure form relay device is greatly limited by the type of the tunnel cross section and the requirements of the smoke exhaust system equipment parameters.

[0025] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a tunnel, which avoids setting a large number of smoke exhaust pipes on the top of a driving lane of the tunnel to improve the smoke exhaust efficiency of a lateral fixed-point smoke exhaust system, guarantees the safety of the smoke exhaust system for the vehicle tunnel, solves the problem that a thrust device such as a jet fan or a thrust fan cannot realize power relay in a small space such as a smoke exhaust duct, collects various values in the air duct under the condition of not increasing the size of the air duct, calculates the horizontal group number and the vertical group number of a combined fan according to the various values, designs the shape and opening form of a channel steel frame door through the group number of the combined fan, solves the problem that the power wall of the installation symmetrical opening structure form relay device is limited by the type of the tunnel section and the requirement of the equipment parameters of the smoke exhaust system, reduces the air speed and the smoke exhaust resistance under the condition of not increasing the size of the pipe, and increases the air duct power compensation.

[0026] As shown in Figures 1 to 7 the embodiment of the present application provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust system of a tunnel, which comprises:

[0027] a plurality of air duct relay devices, which are rotatably installed in the air duct 1 of the tunnel at intervals;

[0028] The air duct relay device is used to provide power for ventilation and smoke exhaust in the air duct 1 at the cross section of the air duct 1, and is also used to rotate to a preset angle with the cross section of the air duct 1 to avoid the air flow in the air duct 1.

[0029] In the normal state of the tunnel without fire and without the need for additional ventilation, the air duct relay device is rotated to the preset angle with the cross section of the air duct, and the air can flow freely in the space surrounded by the air duct.

[0030] When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the air duct relay device is rotated and the air duct relay device is kept at the cross section of the air duct 1. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system starts to work, and the air duct relay device works in sections to provide power, so that the smoke gas is discharged along the air duct through the ventilation shaft at both ends of the tunnel.

[0031] Similarly, in the normal ventilation working condition, the air duct relay device is rotated and the air duct relay device is kept at the cross section of the air duct 1, and according to the instruction action, the air duct relay device is rotated forward or reversely to perform air supply or exhaust through the civil air duct.

[0032] When the air duct relay device is in a fault state or needs to be stopped, the air duct relay device is rotated to the preset angle with the cross section of the air duct, so as to reduce the air duct area occupied by the air duct ventilation and smoke exhaust system in operation.

[0033] In the implementation, the preset angle is 90 degrees.

[0034] When the air duct relay device is in a failure state or needs to be stopped, the air duct relay device is rotated to 90 degrees with the cross section of the air duct, and the air duct area occupied by the air duct ventilation and smoke exhaust system is small.

[0035] In the specific implementation, the air duct 1 is a ventilation and smoke exhaust air duct made of concrete and arranged above the tunnel, and the specific shape and size of the air duct 1 are determined according to the size of the tunnel and the construction process requirements; the plurality of air duct relay devices are rotatably installed in the air duct 1, and the air duct relay device is used to provide power for ventilation and smoke exhaust of the air duct 1 on the one hand, and the air duct relay device is rotated to 90 degrees with the cross section of the air duct 1 to avoid the air flow in the air duct 1 on the other hand.

[0036] The side of the air duct 1 is also provided with an air duct opening, which communicates the air duct 1 and the driving lane of the tunnel, and the air duct 1 can directly suck the smoke in the driving lane into the air duct, without the need to set a wind pipe and a flow guide component on the top of the driving lane.

[0037] In the implementation, as shown in the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 7 The air duct relay device comprises:

[0038] a combined fan 2;

[0039] a channel steel door frame, the combined fan is fixed in the channel steel door frame to form a channel steel door 4;

[0040] a rotating shaft 5 arranged at the frame of the channel steel door;

[0041] The ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0042] a triangular fixed support 7 for fixing the side wall of the air duct 1, and the rotating shaft 5 is installed at the triangular fixed support 5 to enable the channel steel door 4 to rotate;

[0043] an electric transmission 9 fixed at the inner side of the wall of the air duct and a connecting rod device 3, one end of the connecting rod device 3 is fixed with the electric transmission 9 and the other end is fixed at the back side of the channel steel door.

[0044] In this way, the combined fan, the channel steel door frame and the rotating shaft of the air duct relay device form a channel steel door. The channel steel door is rotatably connected by the triangular fixed support. The electric transmission and the connecting rod device serve as the implementation device for the rotatable connection of the channel steel door. After receiving the start instruction, the electric transmission works to drive the connecting rod device to push the channel steel door to rotate. After receiving the shutdown instruction, the electric transmission stops working, and the connecting rod device no longer pushes the channel steel door to rotate.

[0045] Specifically, the triangular fixed support can be one or more.

[0046] In the implementation, as shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 7As shown, the ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0047] A door opening electromagnetic bayonet device 10-1 is fixed to the back side of the channel steel door.

[0048] A door opening electromagnetic fixing device 11-1 is fixed to the inner side of the air duct wall.

[0049] When the door opening electromagnetic bayonet device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device are powered and the channel steel door is rotated to the inner side of the air duct wall, the channel steel door is kept in the open state.

[0050] The door opening electromagnetic bayonet device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device are electromagnetic working elements, which are matched to realize that when the channel steel door is rotated to the inner side of the air duct wall, the two are adsorbed together, that is, when the door is in the preset angle open state, the channel steel door is kept in the open state.

[0051] In the implementation, as shown in Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 7 The ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0052] A door closing electromagnetic bayonet device 10-2 is fixed to the front side of the channel steel door.

[0053] A door closing electromagnetic fixing device 11-2 is fixed to the inner bottom of the air duct.

[0054] When the door closing electromagnetic bayonet device and the door closing electromagnetic fixing device are powered and the channel steel door is rotated to the cross section of the air duct, the channel steel door is kept in the closed state.

[0055] The door closing electromagnetic bayonet device and the door closing electromagnetic fixing device are electromagnetic working elements, which are matched to realize that when the channel steel door is rotated to the cross section of the air duct, the two are adsorbed together, that is, when the door is in the closed state at the cross section of the air duct, the channel steel door is kept in the closed state.

[0056] In the implementation, as shown in Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 7 The ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0057] A door opening spring buffer 12-1 is fixed to the inner side of the air duct wall and is used to buffer the channel steel door when the channel steel door is rotated to the air duct wall in the opening direction.

[0058] A door opening pressure sensor 13-1 is connected with the door opening spring buffer to detect the actual opening pressure value of the channel steel door on the door opening spring buffer.

[0059] The channel steel door control and fault feedback module 14 is in communication connection with the door opening pressure sensor, and is used for comparing the difference between the door opening pressure set value and the door opening actual pressure value with a preset normal range of the door opening difference value, to control the running state of the door opening electromagnetic card slot device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device, the door closing electromagnetic card slot device and the door closing electromagnetic fixing device, and the electric transmission. When the channel steel door needs to be opened:

[0060] Step S110: control the door closing electromagnetic card slot device and the door closing electromagnetic fixing device to be powered off;

[0061] Step S120: start the electric transmission, and the electric transmission drives the connecting rod device to push the channel steel door to open;

[0062] Step S131-1: F 开门实际差值 If the door opening difference value is within the preset normal range, the door opening electromagnetic card slot device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device are controlled to be powered on and work, and the electric transmission is closed, wherein F 开门实际差值 is the difference between the door opening pressure set value and the door opening actual pressure value.

[0063] Step S131-2: after the electric transmission is closed, F 开门实际差值 If the door opening difference value is still within the preset normal range, the channel steel door is effectively opened.

[0064] Step S132-1: if F 开门实际差值 is outside the preset normal range of the door opening difference value, the electric transmission is controlled to continue to work.

[0065] Step S132-2: until F 开门实际差值 is within the preset normal range of the door opening difference value, step S131-1 is performed.

[0066] Step S132-3: if the electric transmission continues to work F 开门实际差值 is still outside the preset normal range of the door opening difference value, the channel steel door is not effectively opened, and a fault occurs. The fault signal is fed back to the operation center, and the operation center personnel are notified to timely repair and debug.

[0067] In the implementation, as shown in Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 7 The ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0068] The door closing spring buffer 12-1 is fixed at the inner bottom of the air duct, and is used for buffering the channel steel door when the channel steel door rotates to close the cross section of the air duct;

[0069] The door closing pressure sensor 13-2 is connected with the door closing spring buffer to detect the door closing actual pressure value of the channel steel door on the door closing spring buffer;

[0070] The channel steel door control and fault feedback module is in communication connection with the door closing pressure sensor, and is further configured to compare a difference between the door closing pressure set value and the door closing actual pressure value with a preset normal range of the door closing difference value, so as to control running states of the opening door electromagnetic card mouth device and the opening door electromagnetic fixing device, the closing door electromagnetic card mouth device and the closing door electromagnetic fixing device, and the electric transmission, and when the channel steel door needs to be closed:

[0071] Step S210: controlling the opening door electromagnetic card mouth device and the opening door electromagnetic fixing device to be powered off;

[0072] Step S220: starting the electric transmission, and the electric transmission driving the connecting rod device to push the channel steel door to close;

[0073] Step S231-1: F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference value is within the preset normal range, the closing door electromagnetic card mouth device and the closing door electromagnetic fixing device are controlled to be powered on and work, and the electric transmission is turned off, wherein F 关门实际差值 is the difference between the door closing pressure set value and the door closing actual pressure value.

[0074] Step S231-2: after the electric transmission is turned off, F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference value is still within the preset normal range, the channel steel door is effectively closed.

[0075] Step S232-1: if F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference value is beyond the preset normal range, the electric transmission is controlled to continue to work:

[0076] Step S232-2: until F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference value is within the preset normal range, step S231-1 is performed.

[0077] Step S232-3: the electric transmission continues to work F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference value is still beyond the preset normal range, the channel steel door is not effectively closed, and a fault occurs. The fault signal is fed back to the operation center, and the operation center personnel are notified to timely repair and debug.

[0078] In the implementation, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module is further configured to:

[0079] In case of fire, the opening door electromagnetic card mouth device and the opening door electromagnetic fixing device are powered off, and the electric transmission is controlled to make the channel steel door start to close;

[0080] In case that the channel steel door is effectively closed, the closing door electromagnetic card mouth device and the closing door electromagnetic fixing device are kept powered on to make the channel steel door keep being effectively closed, and the combined fan is started to ventilate and smoke;

[0081] In case that the channel steel door is not effectively closed, the combined fan is not started to ventilate and smoke.

[0082] In the implementation, as shown in Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 7 the ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0083] caster wheels 8 fixed below the channel steel door and placed on the inner bottom of the air duct.

[0084] The presence of the caster wheels makes the friction of the channel steel door turning smaller.

[0085] As an optional way, as shown in Figure 1 and Figures 4 to 7 the channel steel door 4 is a single-opening channel steel door.

[0086] When the channel steel door 4 is a single-opening channel steel door, the combined fan is composed of multiple small axial flow fans with the same pressure head and flow rate;

[0087] the horizontal group number of the small axial flow fans in the combined fan

[0088] the vertical group number of the small axial flow fans in the combined fan

[0089] wherein, L is the length of the cross section of the air duct, H is the height of the cross section of the air duct, d is the diameter of the small axial flow fan, b is the distance between the channel steel door and the inner walls on the left and right sides of the air duct, e is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the frame of the channel steel door on the left and right sides, c is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the frame of the channel steel door on the upper and lower sides, and h is the distance between the channel steel door and the inner bottom and the inner top of the air duct.

[0090] As another optional way, as shown in Figure 1 and Figures 4 to 7 the channel steel door 4 is two, and the two channel steel doors are double-opening channel steel doors.

[0091] The two channel steel doors are symmetrically structured.

[0092] Or the two channel steel doors are asymmetrically structured, wherein the width of one channel steel door is greater than that of the other channel steel door.

[0093] When the channel steel door is two, the combined fan is composed of multiple small axial flow fans with the same pressure head and flow rate;

[0094] the horizontal group number of the small axial flow fans in the combined fan

[0095] the vertical group number of the small axial flow fans in the combined fan

[0096] wherein, as shown in Figure 1As shown, L is the length of the cross section of the air duct, H is the height of the cross section of the air duct, d is the diameter of the small axial flow fan, b is the distance between the inner walls on the left and right sides of the air duct and the channel steel door, m is the size of the gap between the channel steel doors, e is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the channel steel door frame on the left and right sides, c is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the channel steel door frame on the top and bottom, and h is the distance between the channel steel door and the bottom and top of the air duct.

[0097] The internal frame structure of the channel steel door frame is designed according to N1 and N2.

[0098] When N1 is even, a left-right symmetrical double-door design can be used in a double-door structure, and a left or right design can be selected according to the actual civil conditions in a single-door structure.

[0099] When N1 is odd, a left-right asymmetrical double-door design can be used in a double-door structure, and a left or right design can be selected according to the actual civil conditions in a single-door structure. According to the requirements of ventilation and fire conditions, an electric transmission is used to realize the opening and closing of the channel steel door through a connecting rod device.

[0100] Specifically, the connecting rod device refers to a device for connecting the electric transmission and the channel steel door frame using a connecting rod mechanism, which is made of channel steel. The size of the connecting rod device is calculated according to the mechanical engineering principle to realize the opening and closing of the channel steel door. According to the structure of the channel steel door, the corresponding connecting rod device is set. When the channel steel door is a double-side opening structure (i.e., a double-door structure), the left and right walls of the air duct are provided with the connecting rod device. When the channel steel door is a single-side opening structure (i.e., a single-door structure), the connecting rod device is arranged on the corresponding power wall (i.e., the wall of the air duct connected to the channel steel door).

[0101] Specifically, the rotating shaft refers to the central shaft of the channel steel door, which is made of channel steel and is installed between the channel steel door and the triangular fixed support to connect the channel steel door and the triangular fixed support and realize the central rotation of the channel steel door. In the double-door structure, rotating shafts are arranged on the left and right sides, and in the single-door structure, a rotating shaft is arranged on the fixed side.

[0102] In the implementation, as shown in Figures 4 to 7 , Figure 1 Figures 4 to 7 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 3 Figure 1 Figures 4 to 7 The ventilation and smoke exhaust system further comprises:

[0103] The wind baffle 6 is fixed to the outermost side of the channel steel door frame.

[0104] Specifically, the wind baffle is made of channel steel (No. 10 or above) and is welded to the outermost side of the channel steel door frame during the manufacture of the channel steel door frame to block the gap formed by the double-door structure that cannot be tightly closed, and the gap formed by the single-door structure that cannot be tightly closed with the wall. In the double-door structure, one is arranged on the left and one is arranged on the right, and in the single-door structure, only one is arranged.

[0105] Specifically, the triangular fixing bracket refers to a device made of channel steel used to connect the rotating shaft to the duct wall. One end of the triangular fixing bracket is fixed to the wall using expansion bolts, and the other end is connected to the rotating shaft using a bearing structure. To improve the stability of the channel steel door frame, one bracket is installed at the top and one at the bottom, and additional brackets are installed on the left and right sides depending on the structural form of the channel steel door frame. For double-leaf structures with symmetrical opening, brackets are installed on both sides. For single-leaf structures, brackets are only installed on the fixed side wall.

[0106] Specifically, casters are rotating devices installed between the channel steel door frame and the ground, and are made of channel steel. They reduce frictional resistance and increase the opening and closing speed of the channel steel door when it is opened and closed. In a double-leaf structure, casters are installed on the bottom left and right sides of both channel steel door frames. In a single-leaf structure, casters are installed at the bottom of the moving end of the channel steel door frame.

[0107] Specifically, an electric transmission refers to a power unit that is linked to a linkage mechanism. In a single-opening structure, it is only located on the fixed side. In a double-opening structure, one is located on each side; where the double-opening structure is a symmetrical design, the power of the left and right motors is the same; where the double-opening structure is asymmetrical, the appropriate motor power is selected according to the design power.

[0108] Specifically, the electromagnetic locking device includes an opening electromagnetic locking device and a closing electromagnetic locking device. An electromagnetic locking device refers to a device that uses a locking design and electromagnetic principles to effectively fix the channel steel door to the ground or wall when it is opened and closed via a linkage mechanism. When the channel steel door is fully closed, excessive pressure in the duct during ventilation and smoke extraction can cause the door to sway back and forth due to ineffective fixation, resulting in reduced smoke extraction efficiency and, in severe cases, fan detachment. Similarly, if the channel steel door cannot effectively return to its original position after opening, it will affect subsequent use and, in severe cases, cause system failure.

[0109] Specifically, electromagnetic fixing devices include door opening electromagnetic fixing devices and door closing electromagnetic fixing devices. Electromagnetic fixing devices are made of channel steel and are installed on the ground or wall using expansion bolts. They are fixed and unlocked using electromagnetic principles and electromagnetic latches on the frame door. Electromagnetic fixing devices can be designed for single-leaf and double-leaf structures. For single-leaf structures, one latch is designed; for double-leaf structures, two latches are designed. Wall-mounted electromagnetic fixing devices are all single-latch designs; for double-leaf structures, they are installed on both sides of the wall, while for single-leaf structures, they are only installed on the fixed side wall.

[0110] Specifically, a spring damper is made of steel and consists of a metal spring, a mounting base, and a movable metal washer. The mounting base is fixed to the wall or ground with expansion bolts, the metal spring is nested within the mounting base, and the outermost part is a movable metal washer. When the channel steel door opens and closes, the spring damper buffers the impact of the channel steel door on the fixed device. When the channel steel door has a double-opening structure, it is installed on both the left and right walls. When it has a single-opening structure, it is only installed on the fixed side wall.

[0111] Specifically, the pressure sensors include opening pressure sensors and closing pressure sensors. Pressure sensors are used to test the pressure exerted by the channel steel door on the spring buffer, indicating whether the channel steel frame door is effectively closed when closed and whether it effectively returns to its original position when closed.

[0112] Specifically, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module refers to the use of a set of control and feedback logic algorithms to realize the control and fault feedback functions of the channel steel door.

[0113] The logic is that the opening and closing modes of the channel steel door are different through the linkage device. The corresponding ground or side wall fixing device is selected to cut off the power, and then the corresponding electric transmission is started. The operating status of the corresponding electric transmission is controlled by comparing the pressure sensor detection value with the set value.

[0114] The system determines whether the channel steel door is malfunctioning by checking whether the difference between the pressure sensor value and the set value after the electric gearbox is closed is within the preset normal range of the door opening difference. The fault signal is then promptly fed back to the operation center, facilitating timely maintenance and ensuring the normal operation of the power lifting device.

[0115] When the channel steel door opens from the closed state towards the side wall, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module issues a command. The electromagnetic locking device for closing the door on the ground is first de-energized, and then the corresponding electric transmission is activated. The difference F between the set opening pressure value detected by the opening pressure sensor fixed on the side wall and the actual opening pressure value is compared. 开门实际差值 It controls the operation of the corresponding electric transmission.

[0116] When F 开门实际差值 At this time, the electric transmission continues to operate and the linkage device continues to push the channel steel door toward the side wall until the door opening pressure sensor fixed on the side wall detects F. 开门实际差值 When the door opening difference is within the preset normal range, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module control function issues a command to first power on the door opening electromagnetic fixing device and the door opening electromagnetic bayonet device, and then use electromagnetic principle to fix the channel steel door, and then stop the electric transmission.

[0117] If the electric transmission stops operating, F 开门实际差值If the difference in door opening is still within the preset normal range, the channel steel door is considered to have been effectively returned to its original position, i.e., effectively opened.

[0118] If F 开门实际差值 If the door opening difference is outside the preset normal range, the channel steel door is considered not to have effectively returned to its original position, meaning the channel steel door is not effectively open, and a malfunction has occurred. For double-leaf structures, if either door malfunctions, the fault feedback function will be activated, sending the fault signal to the operations center, notifying operations center personnel to promptly conduct inspection and debugging.

[0119] Similarly, when the channel steel door closes towards the center via the linkage device, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module issues a command, de-energizing the door opening electromagnetic latch device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device, and then activating the corresponding electric transmission. At this time, by comparing the value detected by the door closing pressure sensor on the ground with the set value, the difference F between the set value and the actual closing pressure value is calculated. 关门实际差值 To control the operation of the electric transmission.

[0120] When F 关门实际差值 When the closing difference is within the preset normal range, the electric transmission continues to operate and the linkage device continues to push the channel steel door from both sides of the wall towards the center, until F 关门实际差值 When the closing difference is within the preset normal range, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module issues a command to power on the closing electromagnetic gate device and the closing electromagnetic fixing device, thereby shutting down the electric gearbox.

[0121] After the electric transmission is turned off, F 关门实际差值 If the closing difference is still within the preset normal range, then the channel steel door is considered to be effectively closed; that is, the channel steel door is considered to be effectively closed.

[0122] If F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference exceeds the preset normal range, the electric transmission will continue to operate.

[0123] Until F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference is within the preset normal range, continue with F. 关门实际差值 Steps within the preset normal range of door closing difference;

[0124] The electric transmission continues to operate. 关门实际差值 If the closing difference still exceeds the preset normal range, the channel steel door is not closing effectively and a malfunction has occurred. For double-leaf structures, a fault feedback function will be activated if either door malfunctions.

[0125] When a fire occurs, the fire signal is fed back to the channel steel door control and fault feedback module. At this time, the channel steel door control and fault feedback module controls the opening electromagnetic latch device and the opening electromagnetic fixing device to de-energize, starts the electric gearbox, drives the linkage device, and closes the channel steel door;

[0126] After complete closing, the door electromagnetic bayonet device and the door electromagnetic fixing device are powered on, and the channel steel door is fixed. After effective door closing, the combined fan is opened to ventilate and exhaust smoke. At this time, when the wind channel relay device is not opened in the part close to the fire point, the problem of pipeline resistance caused by the failure of the wind channel relay device to open is solved. When the ventilation and smoke exhaust condition ends, the combined fan is closed, the door electromagnetic bayonet device and the door electromagnetic fixing device are powered off, and the fixing is ended. At this time, the electric transmission starts to operate, drives the connecting rod device, opens the channel steel door, and fixes the channel steel door on the wall in the wind channel when the door electromagnetic bayonet device and the door electromagnetic fixing device effectively open the door.

[0127] The key technology to be solved by the present application is:

[0128] (1) Avoid setting a large number of smoke exhaust pipes on the top of the tunnel driving lane to improve the smoke exhaust efficiency of the lateral fixed-point smoke exhaust system, which ensures the safety of the system to the vehicle tunnel.

[0129] (2) The problem that the thrust device such as the jet fan and the thrust fan cannot realize effective power relay in the small space of the smoke exhaust duct is solved.

[0130] (3) Under the condition of not increasing the size of the wind channel, the wind speed and resistance are reduced, and the power compensation of the wind channel is increased.

[0131] (4) The problem that the power wall of the symmetrical opening structure is limited by the requirements of the tunnel section and the system parameters is solved.

[0132] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to the embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0133] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel, characterized in that, include: Multiple ventilation relay devices are installed in the ventilation ducts of the tunnel at intervals and rotations. The duct relay device is used to provide power for ventilation and smoke exhaust in the duct at the cross section of the duct; the duct relay device is also used to rotate to a preset angle with the cross section of the duct to avoid airflow in the duct. Under normal conditions where there is no fire inside the tunnel and no additional ventilation is required, the ventilation duct relay device rotates to a preset angle with the cross-section of the ventilation duct, allowing air to flow freely within the space enclosed by the ventilation duct; When a fire occurs inside the tunnel, the ventilation duct relay device rotates and remains at the cross-section of the ventilation duct; the ventilation and smoke exhaust system starts to exhaust smoke, and the ventilation duct relay device provides power in stages to exhaust the smoke along the ventilation duct through the ventilation shafts at both ends of the tunnel. Under normal ventilation conditions, the duct relay device rotates and remains at the cross-section of the duct. It operates according to instructions, rotating forward or backward to supply or exhaust air to the tunnel through the civil engineering duct. When the duct relay device is in a faulty state or needs to be stopped, the duct relay device rotates to a preset angle with the cross section of the duct, reducing the duct area occupied during the operation of the duct ventilation and smoke exhaust system. The air duct relay device includes: Modular fan; A channel steel door frame is constructed, and a combined fan is fixed inside the channel steel door frame to form a channel steel door. A pivot is provided at the edge of the channel steel door; The ventilation and smoke extraction system also includes: An electric transmission and a linkage device, wherein the electric transmission is fixed to the inner side of the duct wall, and one end of the linkage device is fixed to the electric transmission and the other end is fixed to the back side of the channel steel door; The ventilation and smoke extraction system also includes: An electromagnetic door-opening latch device is fixed to the back side of the channel steel door; An electromagnetic door-opening fixing device is fixed to the inner side of the duct wall; When the electromagnetic door opening device and the electromagnetic door opening fixing device are energized and the channel steel door is rotated to the inner side of the air duct wall, the channel steel door is kept in the open state. The ventilation and smoke extraction system also includes: The electromagnetic door-closing latch device is fixed to the front side of the channel steel door; A door-closing electromagnetic fixing device, wherein the door-closing electromagnetic fixing device is fixed to the bottom of the air duct; When the door-closing electromagnetic gate device and the door-closing electromagnetic fixing device are energized and the channel steel door rotates to the cross section of the air duct, the channel steel door is kept in a closed state. The ventilation and smoke extraction system also includes: A door opening spring damper is fixed on the inner side of the air duct wall and is used to buffer the channel steel door when it rotates and opens towards the air duct wall. A door opening pressure sensor is connected to the door opening spring buffer to detect the actual door opening pressure value of the channel steel door on the door opening spring buffer; The channel steel door control and fault feedback module is communicatively connected to the door opening pressure sensor. It is used to compare the difference between the set door opening pressure value and the actual door opening pressure value with the preset normal range of the door opening difference value, so as to control the operating status of the door opening electromagnetic gate device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device, the door closing electromagnetic gate device and the door closing electromagnetic fixing device, and the electric transmission.

2. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset angle is 90 degrees.

3. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ventilation and smoke extraction system also includes: A triangular fixing bracket is used to fix the side wall of the air duct, and the rotating shaft is installed at the triangular fixing bracket to enable the channel steel door to rotate.

4. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The channel steel door control and fault feedback module, when the channel steel door needs to be opened: Step S110: De-energize the electromagnetic door closing device and the electromagnetic door closing fixing device. Step S120: Start the electric transmission, and the electric transmission drives the linkage device to push the channel steel door open; Step S131-1: F 开门实际差值 If the door opening difference is within the preset normal range, the door opening electromagnetic latch device and the door opening electromagnetic fixing device are energized, and the electric gearbox is turned off. F 开门实际差值 The difference between the set opening pressure and the actual opening pressure. Step S131-2: After disengaging the electric transmission, F 开门实际差值 If the difference in door opening value is still within the preset normal range, then the channel steel door can be opened effectively. Step S132-1: In F 开门实际差值 If the door opening difference exceeds the preset normal range, the electric transmission will continue to operate. Step S132-2: Until F 开门实际差值 If the door opening difference is within the preset normal range, proceed to step S131-1; Step S132-3: The electric transmission continues to operate. 开门实际差值 If the difference in opening value still exceeds the preset normal range, then the channel steel door cannot be opened effectively and a malfunction occurs.

5. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, A door closing spring damper is fixed at the bottom of the air duct and is used to buffer the channel steel door when it rotates to close in the cross section of the air duct. A door closing pressure sensor is connected to the door closing spring buffer to detect the actual closing pressure value of the channel steel door on the door closing spring buffer; The channel steel door control and fault feedback module is communicatively connected to the closing pressure sensor. It is also used to compare the difference between the set closing pressure value and the actual closing pressure value with a preset normal range for the closing pressure difference, in order to control the operating status of the opening electromagnetic gate device and opening electromagnetic fixing device, the closing electromagnetic gate device and closing electromagnetic fixing device, and the electric transmission when the channel steel door needs to be closed: Step S210: De-energize the electromagnetic door opening latch device and the electromagnetic door opening fixing device. Step S220: Start the electric transmission, and the electric transmission drives the linkage device to push the channel steel door to close; Step S231-1: F 关门实际差值 If the closing difference is within the preset normal range, the closing electromagnetic gate device and the closing electromagnetic fixing device are energized to operate, and the electric gearbox is shut down. Among them, F 关门实际差值 The difference between the set closing pressure and the actual closing pressure. Step S231-2: After disengaging the electric transmission, F 关门实际差值 If the closing difference is still within the preset normal range, the channel steel door will close effectively. Step S232-1: In F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference exceeds the preset normal range, the electric transmission will continue to operate. Step S232-2: Until F 关门实际差值 If the door closing difference is within the preset normal range, proceed to step S231-1; Step S232-3: The electric transmission continues to operate. 关门实际差值 If the difference in closing value still exceeds the preset normal range, then the channel steel door is not closing effectively and a malfunction has occurred.

6. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The channel steel door control and fault feedback module is also used for: In the event of a fire, the electromagnetic door opening latch and the electromagnetic door opening fixing device are de-energized, and the electric gearbox is controlled to make the channel steel door begin to close. With the channel steel door effectively closed, keep the closing electromagnetic latch device and the closing electromagnetic fixing device energized to keep the channel steel door effectively closed, and start the combined fan for ventilation and smoke extraction. Do not start the combined fan for ventilation and smoke extraction if the channel steel door is not effectively closed.

7. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Casters are fixed below the channel steel door and placed on the inner bottom of the air duct; The wind deflector is fixed to the outermost side of the channel steel door frame.

8. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The channel steel door is a single-leaf channel steel door.

9. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are two channel steel doors, and the two channel steel doors are double-opening structures; The two channel steel doors are symmetrical in structure; Alternatively, the two channel steel doors may have an asymmetrical structure, with the width of one channel steel door being greater than the width of the other channel steel door.

10. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that, The combined fan consists of multiple small axial flow fans with the same pressure head and flow rate; The number of horizontal groups of the small axial flow fans in the combined fan. ; The number of vertical groups of small axial flow fans in the combined fan type ; Wherein, L is the cross-sectional length of the duct, H is the cross-sectional height of the duct, d is the diameter of the small axial flow fan, b is the distance between the channel steel door and the inner walls on the left and right sides of the duct, m is the door gap size between the channel steel doors, e is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the left and right sides of the channel steel door frame, c is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the top and bottom of the channel steel door frame, and h is the distance between the top and bottom of the channel steel door and the inner bottom and top of the duct.

11. The ventilation and smoke extraction system for a tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The combined fan consists of multiple small axial flow fans with the same pressure head and flow rate; The number of horizontal groups of the small axial flow fans in the combined fan. ; The number of vertical groups of small axial flow fans in the combined fan type ; Wherein, L is the cross-sectional length of the air duct, H is the cross-sectional height of the air duct, d is the diameter of the small axial flow fan, b is the distance between the channel steel door and the inner walls on the left and right sides of the air duct, e is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the left and right sides of the channel steel door frame, c is the distance between the small axial flow fan and the top and bottom of the channel steel door frame, and h is the distance between the top and bottom of the channel steel door and the inner bottom and top of the air duct.

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