A method for exploring rare earth ore using ion adsorption

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method, comprising the following steps: collecting data to analyze the regional mineralization geological background and mineralization conditions, and preliminarily determining the scope of the working area; conducting a hydrogeological survey at a certain scale within the working area, and finding out in detail the distribution area and type of water within the working area; collecting water geochemical samples at a certain grid within the working area; conducting a rare earth element chemical analysis on the collected water geochemical samples; tracing the ion adsorption type rare earth mineralization abnormal source area according to the rare earth element chemical analysis results, and quickly delineating the target area. Based on the hydrogeological survey, the present invention measures the rare earth element content of water and then traces the mineralization abnormal source area, quickly delineates the target area, effectively narrows the working scope, reduces the work input, avoids the environmental disturbance caused by blind construction of Gannan drilling, and provides a reliable basis for the delineation of ion adsorption type rare earth target areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geological mineral exploration, and in particular relates to an ion adsorption type rare earth ore exploration method. Background Art

[0002] Ion-adsorption rare earth ore refers to a rare earth deposit where rare earth elements are present in the rock weathering crust as exchangeable adsorbed cations. At present, the exploration of this type of deposit mostly uses geological surveys in conjunction with Gannan Drilling for sampling and analysis. Although this method can achieve good prospecting results, it also has some shortcomings. Since the scope of work cannot be effectively narrowed in the selection of the target area in the early stage, the wide scope of work leads to large work input and low efficiency, which leads to a series of "complications" problems. In addition, blindly constructing Gannan Drilling will not only increase the cost investment, but also bring certain disturbances to the environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ion adsorption type rare earth ore exploration method, which is suitable for the prospecting and exploration of ion adsorption type rare earth ores and provides an important reference for the delineation of prospecting target areas for this type of ore deposits.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: an ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Analyze the regional mineralization geological background and mineralization conditions, and preliminarily delineate the scope of the work area;

[0006] S2. Conduct hydrogeological surveys at a certain scale within the working area;

[0007] S3. Collect water geochemical samples within the working area according to a certain grid size;

[0008] S4. Conducting chemical analysis of rare earth elements on the collected water geochemical samples;

[0009] S5. According to the results of rare earth element chemical analysis, trace the ion adsorption type rare earth mineralization anomaly source area and quickly delineate the mineralization anomaly source area.

[0010] According to the above plan, the analysis of the regional mineralization geological background and mineralization conditions described in S1 is specifically to systematically collect regional geological, physical, geochemical, remote sensing and mineral data, clarify the regional strata, structure, igneous rocks and mineral distribution and their outcrop characteristics, analyze the regional mineralization anomaly characteristics and regional climate and geographical environment, and then preliminarily delineate the scope of the work area.

[0011] According to the above plan, a hydrogeological survey is conducted at a certain scale as described in S2, the scale of which is greater than or equal to 1:50000, and the distribution area, outcropping location and type of water need to be identified in detail.

[0012] According to the above plan, sampling is carried out according to a certain grid density as described in S3. On the basis of S2, different distribution areas and different types of water are sampled separately. The sampling starts from the source area of ​​the basin. The spacing between sampling points in the same basin is less than or equal to 500 meters. Control points are arranged near the downstream of the confluence of different basins.

[0013] According to the above scheme, in S4, the collected water geochemical samples are subjected to rare earth element chemical analysis by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] Based on hydrogeological surveys, the present invention determines the rare earth element content in water and then traces the source area of ​​mineralization anomaly, quickly delineates the target area, effectively narrows the working scope, reduces work input, avoids environmental disturbance caused by blind construction of drilling in southern Jiangxi, and provides a reliable basis for the delineation of ion adsorption type rare earth target areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the results of delineating the source area of ​​the mineralized anomaly in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0019] The following demonstration is based on the Hanfang rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi.

[0020] (1) Data collection and analysis

[0021] Mineralization geological background: Hanfang area is located in the Xiawentan complex rock mass in the middle of the Xinfeng-Yudu fold-fault of the South China fold system and the Ganzhongnan fold of the Ganxinan depression. The structure in the area is simple, with only some small faults and fissures; the strata are single, and the Quaternary strata are only distributed along the valleys; the magmatic rocks are widely exposed, and the rock mass is roughly distributed in the north-south direction. It is a Caledonian granite (γ3 3 ) and the late Yanshanian granite porphyry (γ5 2－3 ), which has the material conditions to form weathering crust ion adsorption type rare earth minerals.

[0022] Climate and geographical environment conditions: The area belongs to the subtropical southeast monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, warm climate and abundant rainfall. According to the meteorological data of Ganxian County Meteorological Bureau, the average annual rainfall in the area is 1365.5mm, the maximum rainfall is 2047.1mm, and the minimum rainfall is 1157.0mm. Among them, April to June each year is the flood season, accounting for 38.2% of the annual rainfall, October to January of the following year is the dry season, accounting for 17.7% of the annual rainfall, and February, March, July, August, September and other five months are the normal water period. The local annual rainfall is also related to the height of the landform and terrain. From the plain to the mountainous area, the rainfall tends to increase with the increase of the terrain. The average annual evaporation in the area is 1368.0 mm, the maximum evaporation is 1865.9 mm, and the minimum evaporation is 1148.9 mm. The evaporation is the largest in July and August, accounting for 29.6% of the annual evaporation, and the smallest in December, January and February, accounting for 12.5% ​​of the annual evaporation. The highest annual temperature is 40.0℃, the lowest temperature is -3.9℃, the average temperature over the years is 19.9℃, and the frost-free period is 297 days a year.

[0023] There are no large rivers in the area. The surface water in the area is mostly distributed in the low-lying areas of hilly valleys in the form of dendrites. It is mainly mountain valley streams that are greatly affected by the seasons. The annual stream flow is generally 0.012-17.28L / s, with the maximum being 67.08L / s (river in the north-west corner of the work area). Some of them dry up in the dry season. According to flood traces, the water level in the flood season in this area is 1-2m higher than the normal river level, and the flood level elevation of the river W02 is about 243m.

[0024] (2) Hydrogeological survey

[0025] Aquifers in the mining area can be mainly divided into two types: Quaternary loose rock pore water aquifers and bedrock fissure water aquifers.

[0026] Quaternary loose rock porous water aquifer: The Quaternary loose rock porous water in the area is mainly stored in the alluvial strata of the Quaternary Lianwei Group, mostly distributed in discontinuous strips along the banks of rivers and streams. The upper lithology is mostly sub-sand and sub-clay, and the lower part is sand and gravel, with good sorting, loose structure and good permeability. The groundwater aquifer is mainly composed of natural outcrops such as descending springs and sheet flows, followed by artificial exposures such as water wells. The thickness of the aquifer is generally 1 to 6 meters, the groundwater level is generally buried at a depth of 0.3 to 3.5 meters, the single well inflow is 4.5 to 27.6 m / d, and the common natural spring flow is 0.005 to 0.302 L / s. The water-richness of this aquifer is weak. The pH value of the groundwater in this layer is 6.4-7.2, the mineralization is 0.019-0.122 g / L, the total hardness is 36.2 mg / L (measured in CaCO3), it is fresh water and extremely soft water, and the water quality type is mainly calcium bicarbonate type.

[0027] Bedrock fissure water aquifer: Bedrock fissure water aquifer is widely distributed in this area and is the main aquifer in the mining area. Its lithology is mainly metamorphic sandstone, metamorphic sedimentary tuff of the Kuli Formation of the Qingbaikou system, and phyllite and metamorphic siltstone of the Shenshan Formation. The groundwater in this layer is mainly stored in weathering cracks and structural cracks of the rock mass. The groundwater level is generally 1 to 5 meters deep, and the underground runoff modulus is generally 1.6 to 11.7 L / s·km 2 , the permeability coefficient is generally 0.0192~0.4836m / d, and the average permeability coefficient is 0.1870m / d. There are few natural springs of this type of water in the area, and they are mainly exposed by artificial wells. The flow rate of natural springs exposed in the area is generally 0.003~0.039L / s, and the water-richness is weak. The pH value of groundwater in this layer is 6.7~7.2, the mineralization is 0.078~0.114mg / L, and the total hardness is 37.2~51.3mg / L (calculated as CaCO3). It is fresh water and extremely soft water, and the water quality type is mainly calcium bicarbonate type.

[0028] According to the survey data, the main aquifers in the area can be divided into Quaternary loose rock porous aquifers and bedrock fissure aquifers. Among them, Quaternary loose rock porous water can be seen in many outcrops in the area, mainly in natural outcrops such as descending springs and sheet flows, followed by artificial exposures such as water wells; bedrock fissure water has fewer outcrops in the area, mostly exposed by artificial wells.

[0029] (3) Sample (water) collection and analysis results

[0030] The sample collection was carried out in the downstream of the river in the Hanfang mining area and its periphery (north), and different blocks and different types of water were sampled separately. The sampling started from the source area of ​​the basin, and the distance between sampling points in the same basin was no more than 500 meters. There must be control points near the downstream of the intersection of different basins. The sample analysis took water as the object, and specifically determined the rare earth elements in it. The analysis results are shown in the table below.

[0031]

[0032] (4) Identify the target area

[0033] According to the above analysis results, the projection is as follows Figure 2As shown, the rare earth anomaly value of water in the water system basin on the south side of the working area (Hanfang mining area) is relatively large. The rare earth element content of the four samples is 1184.3-1555.8ug / L, with an average of 1304ug / L, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than the total rare earth content of the mineralization parent rock in the mining area (110.24ug / L); the rare earth anomaly range of water in the water system basin on the north side (outskirts of the mining area) is 6.5-90.3ug / L, with an average of 24.1ug / L, which is less than 1 / 4 of the total rare earth content of the mineralization parent rock in the mining area, and the rare earth mineralization anomaly is not obvious. The rare earth anomaly range of water in the water system basin connecting the Hanfang mining area and its periphery is 188.9-639.0ug / L, with an average of 349.6ug / L, which is more than three times the total rare earth content of the mineralization parent rock in the mining area. After investigation, it may be that the rare earth elements in the mineralization source area (Hanfang mining area) migrated to the river ditch with the water flow and caused the anomaly. In this way, the ridge or ravine on the south side of the working area is delineated as the source area of ​​mineralization anomaly ( Figure 2 The above results show that the determination of rare earth element content in water can effectively trace the mineralization source area and indicate the existence of the Hanfang mining area upstream of the water system.

[0034] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Analyze the regional mineralization geological background and mineralization conditions, and preliminarily delineate the scope of the work area; S2. Conduct hydrogeological surveys at a certain scale within the working area; S3. Collect water geochemical samples within the working area according to a certain grid size; S4. Conducting rare earth element chemical analysis on the collected water geochemical samples; S5. Based on the results of chemical analysis of rare earth elements, trace the ion adsorption type rare earth mineralization anomaly source area and delineate the mineralization anomaly source area.

2. The ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis of the regional mineralization geological background and mineralization conditions described in S1 specifically involves collecting regional geological, physical, geochemical, remote sensing and mineral information, obtaining the regional stratigraphic, structural, igneous rock and mineral distribution and their outcrop characteristics, analyzing the regional mineralization anomaly characteristics and the regional climatic and geographical environment, and then preliminarily delineating the scope of the work area.

3. The ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described in S2, a hydrogeological survey is conducted at a certain scale, which is greater than or equal to 1:50000, to obtain the distribution area, outcropping location and type of water.

4. The ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sampling according to a certain grid density described in S3 is specifically to sample different distribution areas and different types of water separately on the basis of S2. The sampling starts from the source area of ​​the basin. The spacing between sampling points in the same basin is less than or equal to 500 meters. Control points are arranged near the downstream of the confluence of different basins.

5. The ion adsorption type rare earth mineral exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the collected water geochemical samples were subjected to rare earth element chemical analysis by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

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