A maintainable drainage system for tunnels in karst areas

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and is a drainage system structure in a tunnel, and specifically relates to a maintainable drainage system for a tunnel in a karst area; the system is arranged in the tunnel and communicated with a seepage area, and comprises a drainage pipe, wherein the drainage pipe comprises an external drainage pipe and an internal drainage pipe connected to the external drainage pipe, the external drainage pipe is arranged inside a lining, and partially penetrates into the surrounding rock; an inspection passage is arranged between the connection position of the external drainage pipe and the internal drainage pipe, and the internal drainage pipe is arranged at a certain angle to the external drainage pipe; the internal drainage pipe transmits and discharges sewage to be discharged by rotation; the present invention arranges different transmission ratios in the internal drainage pipe, so that the internal drainage pipe can discharge the sewage in the pipe according to different rotation degrees, thereby reducing the possibility of large-scale crystallization blockage common in karst tunnels, and arranges a detachable device in the inspection passage to achieve maintainability of the drainage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and is a drainage system structure in a tunnel, and specifically relates to a maintainable drainage system for a tunnel in a karst area. Background Art

[0002] For high-pressure water-rich cavities, the "drainage and decompression" drainage principle should be adopted to discharge the karst water, and when draining the karst water, the water flow should enter the tunnel cross-sectional space as little as possible.

[0003] In karst areas, the accumulation of sediments in caves is mostly fine particles such as sand, which are easy to clog the drainage system. After short-term or long-term service, the drainage system in karst areas is often clogged by calcium carbonate precipitation. In addition, when karst groundwater flows from the surrounding rock into the tunnel drainage system, it will also be separated due to pressure release and temperature changes. The separated calcium carbonate will precipitate in the drainage pipe and cause blockage. In general, the main reasons for the blockage of tunnel drainage systems in karst areas are physical deposition and chemical deposition.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the prior art has proposed corresponding solutions, but there are still certain technical problems in these solutions. For example, in the prior art 1 (CN216406902U), a drainage system is formed by arranging a drainage blind pipe, a waterproof layer, and a filter layer between the primary support and the secondary lining. This tunnel drainage measure is very likely to accumulate a large amount of sediment near the filter layer, greatly weakening the drainage capacity of the drainage pipe, and finally leading to the failure of the drainage system, and the generation of chemical deposition cannot be avoided. In the prior art 2 (CN114278375A), a permeable pipe for guiding seepage water is arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining, and a water diversion pipe is set at the bottom of the tunnel to enrich the water in the permeable pipe. The purpose of tunnel drainage is achieved by carrying out a series of water diversion and drainage methods. This technology can effectively enrich the seepage water that invades the tunnel working face and quickly discharge it, but the drainage capacity is greatly limited by the size of the water diversion pipe. The maximum drainage demand in the karst development area can reach 4800m 3 / h, this technology cannot meet the huge drainage needs of karst tunnels. In prior art 3 (CN114382538A), an outer support pipe and an inner pipe are arranged at the junction of the primary support and the secondary lining at the bottom of the tunnel to guide the water body, and a large number of crystal blockages are prevented in the drainage system by setting up spraying and changing components. This technology needs to use chemical agents to prevent ion crystal blockage, which pollutes the environment, and the output rate of the drug leakage plate is uncontrollable, which makes it difficult to apply in practice and has more difficulties in later maintenance. The above three existing tunnel drainage technologies propose drainage solutions from the perspectives of filtering the composition of the water body on the working face of the tunnel, optimizing the drainage system, and using chemical means to treat crystals, but they all have great limitations and are difficult to be widely used in the field of karst tunnels.

[0005] In summary, the existing tunnel drainage measures mainly focus on increasing the tunnel drainage capacity, such as densely arranging water pipes, blind ditches and other drainage measures. In karst tunnels where pipe blockage is very likely to occur, such measures cannot handle mixed sediments composed of physical and chemical sediments, which ultimately leads to the failure of drainage measures. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention provides a maintainable drainage system for a tunnel in a karst area, aiming to solve the problem that the prior art cannot handle mixed sediments composed of physical sediments and chemical sediments, which eventually leads to the failure of drainage measures.

[0007] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0008] A maintainable drainage system for a tunnel in a karst area is arranged in the tunnel and connected to a water seepage area, and comprises a drainage pipe, wherein the drainage pipe comprises an external drainage pipe and an internal drainage pipe connected to the external drainage pipe, wherein the external drainage pipe is arranged inside a lining and partially penetrates into the surrounding rock; an inspection passage is arranged between the connection position between the external drainage pipe and the internal drainage pipe, and the internal drainage pipe is arranged at a certain angle to the external drainage pipe; and the internal drainage pipe transmits and discharges the sewage to be discharged by means of rotation.

[0009] Furthermore, the internal drainage pipe includes a main drainage pipe and an external sleeve sleeved outside the main drainage pipe, and the main drainage pipe provides a flow channel for the sewage to be discharged and rotates along the axial direction of the external sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer wall of the main drain pipe and the inner wall of the external sleeve are respectively provided with a first boss and a second boss, and a bearing-like component is also provided between the main drain pipe and the external sleeve, and the bearing-like components are symmetrically arranged along the vertical direction, and the number is 2; the bearing-like component is provided with a gear that cooperates with the first boss and the second boss, and the relative movement between the gear and the first boss and the second boss drives the main drain pipe to rotate.

[0011] Furthermore, a through hole is provided at the center of the bearing-like component, and a power shaft is provided in the through hole. The power shaft drives the bearing-like component to rotate, thereby driving the main drainage pipe to rotate.

[0012] Furthermore, the main drainage pipe is a multi-section structure connected end to end, and each section of the main drainage pipe is independently provided with a limiting sleeve at the connection position, and each section of the main drainage pipe is independently able to rotate within the limiting sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, each section of the main drainage pipe is independently provided with a corresponding bearing-like component, and each section of the main drainage pipe has a different transmission ratio relative to the external sleeve, and the transmission ratio is arranged in a gradient.

[0014] Furthermore, a disassembly device is provided in the inspection channel, and the internal drainage pipe and the external drainage pipe are connected via the disassembly device.

[0015] Furthermore, the internal drainage pipe and the external drainage pipe are arranged at an angle of 15°.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer surface of the internal drainage pipe is coated with nanomaterials.

[0017] Furthermore, the external drainage pipe penetrates 2-3m into the surrounding rock.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the above scheme:

[0019] The present invention provides a maintainable drainage system for a tunnel in a karst area. Different transmission ratios are set in an internal drainage pipe so that the internal drainage pipe can be rotated to discharge sewage from the pipe according to different degrees, thereby reducing the possibility of large-scale crystallization blockage commonly seen in karst tunnels. A detachable device is set in an inspection channel to achieve maintainability of the drainage system.

[0020] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention is more feasible and can be widely used in practical projects. The prior art solutions, such as adding a filter, using chemical agents to soften, decompose sediments, etc., all have defects. Unlike the prior art considerations of increasing drainage capacity and treating pre-drainage bodies, the present invention allows the generation of physical and chemical precipitation, and by optimizing the drainage system, gives it maintainable characteristics, thereby increasing construction feasibility. The present invention can avoid environmental pollution, improve drainage efficiency, and meet long-term engineering drainage needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the maintainable drainage system for karst area tunnels provided for the invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A first schematic diagram of the internal drainage pipe structure of the maintainable drainage system for karst area tunnels provided by the invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A second schematic diagram of the internal drainage pipe structure of the maintainable drainage system of a karst area tunnel provided by the invention.

[0025] icon:

[0026] 100-tunnel; 200-maintainable drainage system for tunnels in karst areas; 300-seepage area;

[0027] 210-internal drainage pipe; 220-external drainage pipe; 230-inspection channel; 240-disassembly device;

[0028] 211 - main drain pipe; 212 - external sleeve; 213 - bearing-like component; 214 - limiting sleeve; 215 - power shaft; 216 - first boss; 217 - second boss; 218 - gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] The following is a detailed description of a maintainable drainage system 200 for a karst area tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention:

[0034] Example 1

[0035] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a maintainable drainage system 200 for a karst area tunnel, which is arranged at the bottom of a tunnel 100 and communicated with a water seepage area 300. This embodiment provides a maintainable drainage system 200 for a karst area tunnel, which includes a plurality of main structures, the main body of which is a drainage pipe. In this embodiment, the drainage pipe is divided into an external drainage pipe 220 and an internal drainage pipe 210, wherein the internal drainage pipe 210 is connected to the external drainage pipe 220, and an inspection channel 230 is provided at the connection position. In this embodiment, the external drainage pipe 220 should be arranged inside the lining, penetrate 2-3m into the surrounding rock, and communicate with the water seepage area 300.

[0036] The internal drain pipe 210 and the external drain pipe 220 are arranged at a certain angle, and the drain port of the internal drain pipe 210 is higher than the water inlet of the external drain pipe 220. The height difference and the angle setting can make the sewage discharged from the internal drain pipe 210 have a strong power, that is, rely on the action of gravity to discharge the sewage to be discharged from the internal drain pipe 210 to the external drain pipe 220, and according to the relationship of kinetic energy, the sewage to be discharged entering the external drain pipe 220 has a strong power to be discharged from the external drain pipe 220. With respect to the setting of the angle, it is set to 15° in this embodiment.

[0037] In this embodiment, in order to better assemble and disassemble the internal drain pipe 210 and the external drain pipe 220, a disassembly device 240 is provided at the connection position of the internal drain pipe 210 and the external drain pipe 220, that is, in the maintenance channel 230. The disassembly device 240 is a physical connection device of the internal drain pipe 210 and the external drain pipe 220. The internal drain pipe 210 and the external drain pipe 220 can be installed, fixed and disassembled through the disassembly device 240, so that the maintainability of the system is achieved, that is, the internal drain pipe 210 or the external drain pipe 220 can be disassembled and replaced under the background of usage time and intensity. In this embodiment, a bite device is provided at the connection position between the internal drain pipe 210 and the disassembly device 240.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a filter component may be provided inside the disassembly device 240. By providing the filter component, mud and dirt in the sewage discharged from the internal drainage pipe 210 are attached through the filter component, and the filter component can be cleaned during disassembly to remove the sludge in the entire pipeline.

[0039] In this embodiment, the main function of the internal drainage pipe 210 is to drive the sewage to be discharged, and the discharge work is to give the sewage a force in a specific direction through the rotation of the internal drainage pipe 210. The structure of the internal drainage pipe 210 is described in detail below.

[0040] In this embodiment, the internal drain pipe 210 includes a main drain pipe 211 and an external sleeve 212 sleeved on the outside of the main drain pipe 211, the external sleeve 212 is a non-moving unit, and the main drain pipe 211 rotates along the axial direction of the external sleeve 212, and the structure for the rotational motion is mainly based on the structure set on the main drain pipe 211 and the external sleeve 212.

[0041] In this embodiment, the outer wall of the main drain pipe 211 and the inner wall of the external sleeve 212 are respectively provided with a first boss 216 and a second boss 217, and a bearing-like component 213 is also provided between the main drain pipe 211 and the external sleeve 212, and a gear 218 is provided on the outer surface of the bearing-like component 213, wherein the gear 218 is in a mating relationship with the first boss 216 and the second boss 217, and in this embodiment, the bearing-like component 213 is the main power component for rotating the main drain pipe 211.

[0042] In this embodiment, the bearing-like component 213 includes a through hole arranged at a central position, and a power shaft 215 is inserted through the inner hole. The power shaft 215 is used to drive the bearing-like component 213 to rotate. The rotational movement of the bearing-like component 213 drives the main drain pipe 211 and the outer sleeve 212 provided with the first boss 216 and the second boss 217 to move relative to each other. Since the outer sleeve 212 is a non-moving unit, the main drain pipe 211 is driven to rotate.

[0043] In this embodiment, in order to make the rotation stable, the bearing-like components 213 are arranged so that two bearing-like components 213 are symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction with the central axis of the main drainage pipe 211 as the symmetry axis, thereby achieving the stability of the rotation of the main drainage pipe 211.

[0044] In this embodiment, as the drainage operation increases, the power at the front and end of the main drainage pipe 211 is different, and because the power at the end due to the accumulation of sludge is smaller than the power at the front, this situation will increase the efficiency and difficulty of the drainage operation. In order to further optimize the drainage power of the main drainage pipe 211 and make the power attenuation within a controllable range, corresponding mechanical structures are set for the power at different positions of the main drainage pipe 211 to reduce the power attenuation.

[0045] In this embodiment, the main drainage pipe 211 in this embodiment is a multi-section structure, that is, each section is an independent structure, and its rotation mode and output power are also different. The structure is set in this way to achieve this effect. Figure 3 It can be seen that the main drainage pipe 211 provided in this embodiment is a three-section structure, wherein each section is connected to each other, and a limiting sleeve 214 is provided at the connection position to fix the position of the main drainage pipe 211.

[0046] The different rotational power settings for each section of the main drainage pipe 211 are mainly achieved by separately setting a corresponding set of quasi-bearing components 213 in each section of the main drainage pipe 211, that is, each set of quasi-bearing components 213 realizes the rotation of each section of the main drainage pipe 211, and the transmission ratios generated by the first boss 216 and the second boss 217 corresponding to the quasi-bearing components 213 of each section are different. In this embodiment, the number of gear teeth in the quasi-bearing components 213 at different sections is different, so that different sections have different transmission ratios at the same rotation speed of the power shaft 215. The transmission ratios of the gradient of 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20 can be used, so that the rotation speeds of the main drainage pipes 211 in different sections are different, and large-scale deposition and attachment to the inner side of the pipe wall are avoided under the low flow rate of karst water.

[0047] In this embodiment, the length of the single-section main drainage pipe 211 is preferably set to 50 cm.

[0048] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the internal drainage pipe 210 is coated with nanomaterials to reduce the ability of crystallization and thus adhere to the inner pipe wall.

[0049] In actual construction, the inner wall of the internal drainage pipe 210, i.e., the inner wall of the main drainage pipe 211, should be polished in advance to reduce the surface roughness and reduce the probability of crystallization sticking to the wall. The external casing 212 should be made of a material with greater rigidity to resist structural stress and ensure that the drainage structure does not deform excessively due to stress and lose its drainage capacity. Because the internal drainage pipe 210 is provided with a bite device on one side of the maintenance channel 230, in daily tunnel operation and maintenance, the power shaft 215 is always rotated at a low speed, and the shortest maintenance time is specified. The power shaft 215 is provided with a high speed through external mechanical tools to achieve the purpose of physical unblocking.

[0050] According to the calculation formula for crystallization on the inner wall of the pipe in the prior art, it can be deduced that the precipitation crystallization rate in the drainage pipe is about 2.2 cm in half a year, and it is stipulated that an external machine should be used to provide kinetic energy for physical unblocking at a minimum frequency of once every three months.

[0051] The present embodiment provides a maintainable drainage system 200 for karst area tunnels. By setting different transmission ratios in the internal drainage pipe 210, the internal drainage pipe 210 can be rotated to discharge sewage from the pipe according to different degrees, thereby reducing the possibility of large-scale crystallization blockage common in karst tunnels. In addition, a detachable device 240 is set in the inspection channel 230 to achieve the maintainability of the drainage system. The problem of large amounts of sediment blocking the pipes in the karst tunnel drainage system is fundamentally solved. This patent regards chemical deposition and physical deposition as deposition, and appropriately reduces the total amount of deposition through drainage structures, while allowing appropriate deposition to occur in the pipes. The present embodiment provides a work platform for manual maintenance. When it is in service in a specific project, the maintenance cycle can be specified according to the on-site deposition generation rate, and the deposition in the pipe can be processed by manual operation to achieve the effect of physical unblocking, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the drainage system during the entire service cycle.

[0052] In this embodiment, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A maintainable drainage system for a karst area tunnel, which is installed in the tunnel and connected to the seepage area. It is characterized in that The invention comprises a drainage pipe, wherein the drainage pipe comprises an external drainage pipe and an internal drainage pipe connected to the external drainage pipe, wherein the external drainage pipe is arranged inside the lining and partially penetrates into the surrounding rock; an inspection passage is arranged between the connection position of the external drainage pipe and the internal drainage pipe, and the internal drainage pipe is arranged at a certain angle to the external drainage pipe; the internal drainage pipe transmits and discharges the sewage to be discharged by rotating; the internal drainage pipe comprises a main drainage pipe and an external sleeve sleeved outside the main drainage pipe, wherein the main drainage pipe provides a circulation passage for the sewage to be discharged and rotates along the axial direction of the external sleeve; the outer wall of the main drainage pipe and the inner wall of the external sleeve are respectively provided with a first boss and a second boss, and a bearing component is also arranged between the main drainage pipe and the external sleeve, wherein the bearing component The parts are symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, and the number is 2; the bearing component is provided with a gear that cooperates with the first boss and the second boss, and the relative movement between the gear and the first boss and the second boss drives the main drain pipe to rotate; a through hole is opened in the center of the bearing component, and a power shaft is arranged in the through hole, and the power shaft drives the bearing component to rotate, thereby driving the main drain pipe to rotate; the main drain pipe is a multi-section structure connected end to end, and a limiting sleeve is independently sleeved at the connection position of each section of the main drain pipe, and each section of the main drain pipe can rotate in the limiting sleeve; each section of the main drain pipe is independently provided with a corresponding bearing component, and the transmission ratio of each section of the main drain pipe relative to the external sleeve is different, and the transmission ratio is set in a gradient.

2. The maintainable drainage system for karst area tunnels according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A disassembly device is provided in the inspection channel, and the internal drainage pipe and the external drainage pipe are connected via the disassembly device.

3. The maintainable drainage system for karst area tunnels according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The inner drain pipe and the outer drain pipe are arranged at an angle of 15°.

4. The maintainable drainage system for karst area tunnels according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The inner film of the inner drainage pipe is coated with nano material.

5. The maintainable drainage system for karst area tunnels according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The external drainage pipe penetrates 2-3m into the surrounding rock.

Images