Optimization method and device for super capacitor charging, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides an optimization method and device for super capacitor charging, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining preset characteristic parameters of a target super capacitor and generating an optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor according to a preset charging target function; obtaining preset charging requirement parameters of the target super capacitor and querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table to obtain an optimal charging current value of the target super capacitor and control a charging converter to realize optimal charging of the target super capacitor at the optimal charging current value. The application can effectively improve the charging efficiency of the system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of super capacitor charging, and in particular to a super capacitor charging optimization method and device, an electronic device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] A super capacitor is a new type of electrical energy storage element, which has the advantages of high power density, high charging and discharging efficiency, long cycle life, wide temperature range, etc., and is widely used in ship electric propulsion, electric vehicles, braking energy recovery and new energy power generation.

[0003] The existing super capacitor charging mainly considers two factors: first, reducing the charging time; second, reducing the loss and improving the charging efficiency. However, in fact, since the loss of super capacitor charging is restricted by time, and in addition, the internal resistance of the super capacitor changes with the current, how to comprehensively consider the influence of different factors to achieve optimal charging still has technical challenges. Based on this, the present application provides a super capacitor charging optimization method to optimize the loss and time of super capacitor charging. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a super capacitor charging optimization method, device, electronic device and storage medium to optimize the loss and time of existing super capacitor charging.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a super capacitor charging optimization method, comprising:

[0006] obtaining the preset characteristic parameters of the target super capacitor and generating the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor according to the preset charging target function, wherein the preset charging target function is a function with the charging current value of the super capacitor as the variable;

[0007] obtaining the preset charging requirement parameters of the target super capacitor and querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, obtaining the optimal charging current value of the target super capacitor, and controlling the charging converter to realize optimal charging of the target super capacitor at the optimal charging current value.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present application, before obtaining the preset characteristic parameters of the target super capacitor, the method further comprises:

[0009] building a mathematical model of the super capacitor, wherein the mathematical model is used to represent the relationship between the equivalent capacitance voltage of the super capacitor and the terminal voltage, current and equivalent internal resistance;

[0010] establishing a preset charging target function of the super capacitor based on the mathematical model.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the mathematical model of the super capacitor is constructed by:

[0012] simplifying the super capacitor into an equivalent first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit;

[0013] constructing the mathematical model based on the first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit;

[0014] wherein the super capacitor is composed of a plurality of single units, and a preset number of single units is one capacitor group.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the expression of the mathematical model is:

[0016]

[0017] U C =U SC -I SC R eq ;

[0018] wherein R eq represents the equivalent internal resistance of the super capacitor, C eq represents the equivalent capacitance of the super capacitor; R eq_ij represents the internal resistance of the i-th single unit in the j-th capacitor group, C eq_ij represents the capacitance of the i-th single unit in the j-th capacitor group, U SC represents the terminal voltage of the super capacitor, I SC represents the current of the super capacitor, U C represents the equivalent capacitor voltage of the super capacitor, M represents that the super capacitor includes M single units, N represents that the super capacitor includes N capacitor groups, and M and N are natural numbers.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, the preset charging target function is represented by the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] wherein,

[0022]

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] P represents the charging loss power of the super capacitor, P n represents the charging loss of the super capacitor under the rated current condition, t c represents the charging time of the super capacitor, t cnrepresents a charging time of the super capacitor under a rated condition, ΔSOC represents a charging charge interval of the super capacitor, SOC0 represents an initial value of the super capacitor, SOC1 represents a final value of the state of charge of the super capacitor, G represents a charging target function of the super capacitor, and K represents a charging mode coefficient of the super charger.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present application, the charging mode coefficient K of the super charger ranges from 0 to 1.

[0027] When 0 < K < 0.5, the super charger is in a fast charging mode.

[0028] When 0.5 ≤ K < 1, the super charger is in an energy saving mode.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present application, the method for obtaining the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor according to the preset characteristic parameters and the preset charging target function comprises the following steps.

[0030] Obtaining a resistance-current characteristic curve and a capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the equivalent resistance parameter of the target super capacitor varying with the current;

[0031] The preset characteristic parameters include the equivalent internal resistance, the charging current, the equivalent capacitance value and the equivalent capacitor voltage parameter.

[0032] Substituting the equivalent internal resistance, the charging current, the equivalent capacitance value and the equivalent capacitor voltage parameter into the charging target function to obtain the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor.

[0033] The optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table includes an optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table and an optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table are optimal charging current I opt , charging mode coefficient K and charging charge interval ΔSOC, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table are optimal charging target function value G opt , charging mode coefficient K and charging charge interval ΔSOC.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present application, the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table represents the corresponding relationship between the optimal charging current I opt and the optimal charging target function value G opt = f(K, ΔSOC, SOC1), and f represents a function.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present application, the obtaining of the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor and the querying of the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, the obtaining of the optimal charging current value of the target supercapacitor, and the control of the charging converter to achieve optimal charging of the target supercapacitor at the optimal charging current value include:

[0036] The preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor include a charging mode coefficient K, a charging charge interval ΔSOC, and a final state of charge SOC1.

[0037] The optimal charging current I of the target supercapacitor is obtained by querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table according to the preset charging requirement parameters. opt

[0038] When the charging target function G has a minimum value, the corresponding charging current is the optimal charging current I opt .

[0039] In an embodiment of the present application, the obtaining of the resistance-current characteristic curve and the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the equivalent resistance parameter of the target supercapacitor varying with current includes:

[0040] The internal resistance of the target supercapacitor under different current conditions is tested by a transient voltage drop method according to a preset standard, so as to obtain the resistance-current characteristic curve; and

[0041] The internal resistance of the target supercapacitor is measured by using the ratio of the change amount of the capacitance voltage to the current in the transient process of charging and discharging switching, so as to obtain the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve.

[0042] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an optimization device for supercapacitor charging, comprising:

[0043] A parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire preset characteristic parameters of a target supercapacitor and generate an optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target supercapacitor according to a preset charging target function, wherein the preset charging target function is a function with the charging current value of the supercapacitor as a variable.

[0044] A charging module is configured to acquire preset charging requirement parameters of a target supercapacitor, query the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, obtain the optimal charging current value of the target supercapacitor, and control a charging converter to achieve optimal charging of the target supercapacitor at the optimal charging current value.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, the device further comprises:

[0046] A mathematical model construction module is configured to construct a mathematical model of a supercapacitor, wherein the mathematical model is used to represent the relationship between the equivalent capacitance voltage of the supercapacitor and the terminal voltage, the current, and the equivalent internal resistance.​

[0047] a target function establishing module, configured to establish a preset charging target function of the super capacitor based on the mathematical model.

[0048] In a third aspect, the present application provides an optimization device for super capacitor charging, comprising:

[0049] a super capacitor, having an optimal charging current value, which is obtained by performing the optimization method for super capacitor charging according to the first aspect.

[0050] a charging converter, connected to the super capacitor, configured to implement optimal charging for the super capacitor at the optimal charging current value.

[0051] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the optimization method for super capacitor charging according to any one of the first aspect when executing the program.

[0052] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executable on a processor to implement the steps of the optimization method for super capacitor charging according to any one of the first aspect.

[0053] The optimization method, device, electronic device, and storage medium for super capacitor charging provided by the present application can obtain the optimal charging current of a target super capacitor through the generated optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, so as to control the charging converter to implement optimal charging for the target super capacitor. The optimal charging current can be obtained based on different charging mode, charging charge interval, and terminal state of charge of the target super capacitor, and the target super capacitor can be charged at the optimal charging current, so as to effectively improve the charging efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0055] Fig. 1(a) is a flowchart of the optimization method for super capacitor charging provided by the present application;

[0056] Fig. 1(b) is another flowchart of the optimization method for super capacitor charging provided by the present application;

[0057] Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor and its simplified equivalent model provided by the present application;

[0058] Fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a resistance-flow characteristic curve provided by the present application;

[0059] Fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a capacitance-pressure characteristic curve provided by the present application;

[0060] Fig. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of an internal resistance transient voltage drop measurement method provided by the present application;

[0061] Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of an optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table provided by the present application;

[0062] Fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of an optimal charging objective function value three-dimensional characteristic table provided by the present application;

[0063] Fig. 4(c) is a schematic diagram of charging a supercapacitor provided by the present application;

[0064] Figure 5 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulation model of a supercapacitor provided by the present application;

[0065] Figure 6 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of experimental parameters of a supercapacitor provided by the present application;

[0066] Figure 7 Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of a supercapacitor in a charging process provided by the present application;

[0067] Figure 8 Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor under different charging models provided by the present application;

[0068] Figure 9 Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optimization device for optimizing charging of a supercapacitor provided by the present application;

[0069] Figure 10 Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0071] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged, where appropriate, so that the embodiments described herein can be carried out in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0072] The following describes the technical terms related to the present application:

[0073] The super capacitor is a new type of electric energy storage element, which has the advantages of high power density, high charging and discharging efficiency, long cycle life, wide temperature range, etc., and is widely used in ship electric propulsion, electric vehicles, brake energy recovery and new energy power generation.

[0074] The general charging methods of the super capacitor include constant voltage charging, constant current charging, constant power charging and pulse charging method. Due to the characteristics of the super capacitor itself, the constant current charging speed is fast and the charging efficiency is high, but the voltage of the capacitor at the later stage will be too large; the constant voltage charging method will not cause the current to be too large at the later stage, but the charging time will be too long; the control circuit of the constant power charging is complex.

[0075] In order to further optimize the loss and time of the existing super capacitor charging, the present application provides a super capacitor charging optimization method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium, by constructing a mathematical model of the super capacitor and a charging target function, to generate an optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, according to the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, the optimal charging current of the target super capacitor can be obtained, and the optimal charging current is used to realize the optimal charging of the target super capacitor. The present application can obtain the optimal charging current based on different charging modes, charging charge intervals and terminal state of charge of the super capacitor, and charge the super capacitor with the optimal charging current, which can effectively improve the charging efficiency of the system.

[0076] The following will be described in combination with Figures 1(a) - 10 The super capacitor charging optimization method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium of the present application are described.

[0077] Fig. 1(a) is one of the flow schematic diagrams of the super capacitor charging optimization method provided by the present application, as shown in Fig. 1(a). The super capacitor charging optimization method provided by the present application comprises:

[0078] Step 10, obtaining the preset characteristic parameters of the target super capacitor and generating the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor according to the preset charging target function, the preset charging target function is a function with the charging current value of the super capacitor as a variable.

[0079] Step 20, obtaining preset charging requirement parameters of the target super capacitor and querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table to obtain the optimal charging current value of the target super capacitor and controlling the charging converter to achieve optimal charging of the target super capacitor at the optimal charging current value.

[0080] Fig. 1(b) is a flowchart of the optimization method of super capacitor charging provided by the present application. As shown in Fig. 1(b), the optimization method of super capacitor charging provided by the present application comprises:

[0081] Step 101, constructing a mathematical model of the super capacitor, wherein the mathematical model is used to represent the relationship between the equivalent capacitance voltage of the super capacitor and the terminal voltage, current and equivalent internal resistance.

[0082] Step 102, establishing a charging target function of the super capacitor based on the mathematical model, wherein the charging target function is a function of the charging current of the super capacitor.

[0083] Step 103, obtaining preset characteristic parameters of the target super capacitor and generating an optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor according to the preset charging target function, wherein the preset charging target function is a function with the charging current value of the super capacitor as a variable.

[0084] Step 104, obtaining preset charging requirement parameters of the target super capacitor and querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table to obtain the optimal charging current value of the target super capacitor and controlling the charging converter to achieve optimal charging of the target super capacitor at the optimal charging current value.

[0085] The above steps 101-104 are described in detail as follows.

[0086] In the above step 101, the construction of the mathematical model of the super capacitor comprises:

[0087] Step 1011, simplifying the super capacitor into an equivalent first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit.

[0088] Exemplarily, a super capacitor composed of a plurality of parameters can be simplified into the equivalent first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit as shown in the following formula: Figure 2 In order to improve the voltage level and current capacity, the super capacitor in the actual charging system comprises a plurality of capacitor groups, and each capacitor group comprises a plurality of single units. For example, the super capacitor comprises 27 capacitor groups in series or parallel, and each capacitor group is composed of 10 single units with the same resistance and capacitance parameters in series or parallel, and the total number of single units is 27*10=270. Figure 2 The super capacitor shown in the figure comprises N capacitor groups in parallel, and M single units in series.

[0089] Step 1012, constructing the mathematical model based on the first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit.

[0090] Exemplarily, the expression of the mathematical model is:

[0091]

[0092] U C = U SC - I SC R eq ;

[0093] wherein, R eq represents the equivalent internal resistance of the super capacitor, C eq represents the equivalent capacitance value of the super capacitor; R eq _ ij represents the internal resistance of the i-th monomer in the j-th capacitor group, C eq_ij represents the capacitance value of the i-th monomer in the j-th capacitor group, U SC represents the terminal voltage of the super capacitor, I SC represents the current of the super capacitor, U C represents the equivalent capacitor voltage of the super capacitor, M represents that the super capacitor includes M monomers, N represents that the super capacitor includes N capacitor groups, and M and N are natural numbers.

[0094] In step 102, since the loss and the time are two factors that restrict each other during the charging process of the super capacitor, the charging target function considering the charging loss and the time is established by using the mathematical model of step 101.

[0095] Exemplarily, the charging target function is a function of the charging current of the super capacitor, and is represented by the following formula:

[0096] wherein,

[0097]

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] P represents the charging loss power of the super capacitor, P n represents the charging loss of the super capacitor under the rated current condition, t c represents the charging time of the super capacitor, and t cnrepresents the charging time of the super capacitor under the rated condition, ΔSOC represents the charging charge interval of the super capacitor, SOC0 represents the initial value of the charging of the super capacitor, SOC1 represents the final state of charge of the super capacitor, G represents the charging target function of the super capacitor, and K represents the charging mode coefficient of the super charger.

[0101] Exemplarily, the charging mode coefficient K is in the range of 0 < K < 1.

[0102] When 0 < K < 0.5, the super charger is in a fast charging mode.

[0103] When 0.5 ≤ K < 1, the super charger is in a power saving mode.

[0104] As can be seen from the above, G can reflect the charging comprehensive performance index of the super capacitor. By analyzing the above formula, it can be seen that the charging comprehensive performance index G of the super capacitor can be represented as G = f(I SC ), that is, the charging target function G is a function of the charging current I SC of the super capacitor, and the charging target function G is simultaneously affected by the charging mode coefficient K and the internal resistance R eq of the capacitor.

[0105] In the above step 103, the preset characteristic parameters of the target super capacitor are obtained, and the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor is generated according to the preset charging target function.

[0106] In step 1031, the resistance-current characteristic curve and the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the equivalent resistance parameter of the target super capacitor varying with the current are obtained.

[0107] Exemplarily, the resistance-current characteristic curve is shown in FIG. 3(a), and the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve is shown in FIG. 3(b). Since the charging process of the super capacitor is actually a distribution process of ionic charge in different size porous carbon electrodes, under different current conditions, the ion concentration and desolvation and ion migration loss will change, resulting in the characteristics of the internal resistance of the super capacitor varying with the current. Therefore, the relationship between the equivalent resistance parameter of the super capacitor and the current varying in the charging process needs to be reflected through the above resistance-current characteristic curve and capacitance-voltage characteristic curve, and the corresponding values can be read based on the resistance-current characteristic curve and the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve.

[0108] Exemplarily, the step 1031 includes:

[0109] In step 10311, the internal resistance of the target super capacitor under different current conditions is tested by using the transient voltage drop method according to a preset standard, so as to obtain the resistance-current characteristic curve.

[0110] Exemplarily, the internal resistance characteristic of the super capacitor can be extracted in an offline or quasi-online manner, and the internal resistance of the super capacitor under different current conditions can be tested according to a preset standard (for example, an international standard) by using a transient voltage drop method.

[0111] In step 10312, the internal resistance of the target super capacitor is measured by using the ratio of the change amount of the capacitor voltage to the current in the charging-discharging switching transient process, so as to obtain the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve.

[0112] Exemplarily, FIG. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of the internal resistance transient voltage drop measurement method provided by the present application. As shown in FIG. 3(c), the internal resistance transient voltage drop measurement method is to measure the internal resistance R of the capacitor by using the ratio of the change amount of the capacitor voltage to the current in the charging-discharging switching transient process. eq = ΔU SC / I SC By setting different charging currents, the resistance-current characteristic curve R eq = f (I SC ) of the super capacitor under different current conditions can be measured.

[0113] In step 1032, the preset characteristic parameters are obtained according to the resistance-current characteristic curve and the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve, and the preset characteristic parameters include the equivalent internal resistance R eq , the charging current I SC , the equivalent capacitance C eq , and the equivalent capacitor voltage U C .

[0114] The parameter values of R eq (I SC ) are shown in FIG. 3(a), and the parameter values of C eq (U C ) are shown in FIG. 3(b).

[0115] Exemplarily, in an actual application system, in order to further track the influence of the super capacitor on the parameters, the preset characteristic parameters of the super capacitor can be extracted and updated online by using the shutdown gap of the energy storage system.

[0116] In step 1033, the equivalent internal resistance, the charging current, the equivalent capacitance, and the equivalent capacitor voltage parameters are substituted into the charging objective function, so as to obtain the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor.

[0117] Exemplarily, the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table represents the corresponding relationship between the optimal charging current I opt and the optimal charging objective function value G opt = f (K, ΔSOC, SOC1), and f represents a function.

[0118] Exemplarily, the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table includes an optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table (as shown in FIG. 4(a)) and an optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table (as shown in FIG. 4(b)).

[0119] wherein the three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table are an optimal charging current I opt , a charging mode coefficient K, and a charging charge interval ΔSOC.

[0120] wherein the three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table are an optimal charging target function value G opt , a charging mode coefficient K, and a charging charge interval ΔSOC.

[0121] In the step 104, the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor are obtained, and the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table is queried to obtain the optimal charging current value of the target supercapacitor and control the charging converter to realize optimal charging of the target supercapacitor at the optimal charging current value, which includes:

[0122] In step 1041, the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor are obtained, and the preset charging requirement parameters include a charging mode coefficient K, a charging charge interval ΔSOC, and a final state of charge SOC1.

[0123] In step 1042, the optimal charging current I opt is obtained by querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table according to the preset charging requirement parameters.

[0124] When the charging target function G has a minimum value (i.e., the minimum value of G is G opt ), the corresponding charging current I SC is the optimal charging current I opt .

[0125] According to the above, the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table (I opt , G opt = f (K, ΔSOC, SOC1)) is used to determine the optimal charging current I opt according to the preset charging requirement parameters (K, ΔSOC, SOC1) by querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table.

[0126] In step 1043, the charging converter is controlled to realize optimal charging of the target supercapacitor at the optimal charging current I opt (as shown in FIG. 4(c)).

[0127] In summary, the super capacitor charging optimization method of the application, by constructing the mathematical model of the super capacitor and the charging objective function, the optimal charging current of the target super capacitor is obtained, so as to control the charging converter to realize the optimal charging of the target super capacitor. The optimal charging current can be obtained based on different charging mode, charging charge interval and terminal state of charge of the target super capacitor, and the target super capacitor is charged with the optimal charging current, which can effectively improve the system charging efficiency.

[0128] The following verifies the effect of the method of the super charger optimization of the application through an example.

[0129] In order to verify the effectiveness of the super capacitor charging strategy based on the optimal loss and time, the influence of the charging mode coefficient K, the charging charge interval ΔSOC and the terminal state of charge SOC1 of the super capacitor on the optimal charging performance is analyzed by simulation, and an example of a super capacitor simulation model composed of 270 single bodies in series is constructed as shown in Figure 5 .

[0130] Considering the dispersion of single body parameters, all single bodies are divided into 27 groups, each group of capacitors is composed of 10 single bodies with the same resistance and capacitance parameters, and the resistance and capacitance parameters of each group of capacitors are randomly set with ±5% dispersion.

[0131] It is assumed that the schematic diagram of the resistance-flow characteristic curve of the super capacitor simulation model is shown in Fig. 3(a), and the schematic diagram of the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the super capacitor simulation model is shown in Fig. 3(b).

[0132] Exemplarily, the single body of 2.7V / 10F super capacitor is used for charge and discharge test, and the basic data of the measured super capacitor (i.e. target super capacitor) is shown in Figure 6 . The rated voltage of the measured super capacitor is 2.6V, the rated current is 2.4A, the rated capacitance is 10F, the equivalent internal resistance ESR under 1A test current is 75mΩ, the maximum allowable voltage is 2.85V, and the maximum allowable current is 7.2A.

[0133] Taking the charging of the super capacitor in the interval of 1.8-2.6V as an example, the charging charge Q=C*ΔU=8C, In=2.4A, tn=3.33s. Wherein, the internal resistance of the super capacitor decreases with the increase of the charging current. On this basis, the super capacitor is charged with different charging currents (Isc=1-4A, step change 0.2A).

[0134] Figure 7 The current and voltage waveform diagram of the super capacitor charged with 1A current is shown in Figure 7The capacitor voltage is charged from 1.8V to 2.6V, and the charging time tc=7.72s. The charging time of the super capacitor under different current conditions can be measured by using the same method, and then the charging target function value G of the measured super capacitor is calculated by using the "resistance-flow" characteristic curve.

[0135] The influence of the charging current under different modes on the charging target function value G is measured as shown in Fig. 3. Figure 8 The experimental results show that under the condition of determining the charging mode coefficient K, the charging target function G has an optimal minimum value G opt , which corresponds to the optimal charging current I opt . The smaller the charging mode coefficient K is, the larger the optimal charging current I opt is.

[0136] By changing the charging charge interval ΔSOC, the charging target function curve of different charging charge intervals is measured, and the optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table as shown in Fig. 4(a) and the optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table as shown in Fig. 4(b) can be further obtained.

[0137] The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. With the conversion of the charging mode from the fast charging mode to the power saving mode (that is, K increases), the optimal charging current decreases, and the charging performance first decreases and then increases (G first increases and then decreases); with the expansion of the charging charge interval, the values of I opt and G opt slightly increase.

[0138] In the actual charging system, by using the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the super capacitor, the optimal charging current I opt can be determined online according to the preset charging requirement parameters of the super capacitor to realize optimal charging.

[0139] The optimization device for optimizing the charging of the super capacitor provided by the application is described below. The optimization device for optimizing the charging of the super capacitor described below can be correspondingly referred to the optimization method for optimizing the charging of the super capacitor described above.

[0140] Figure 9 The optimization device for optimizing the charging of the super capacitor provided by the application is described below. The optimization device for optimizing the charging of the super capacitor described below can be correspondingly referred to the optimization method for optimizing the charging of the super capacitor described above. Figure 9 As shown in Fig. 9, an optimization device 900 for optimizing the charging of a super capacitor, comprising a mathematical model construction module 910, a target function establishment module 920, a parameter acquisition module 930, and a charging module 940.

[0141] The mathematical model construction module 910 is used to construct a mathematical model of the super capacitor, and the mathematical model is used to represent the relationship between the equivalent capacitor voltage and the terminal voltage, current, and equivalent internal resistance of the super capacitor.

[0142] The target function establishing module 920 is configured to establish a charging target function of the super capacitor based on the mathematical model, the charging target function being a function of a charging current of the super capacitor.

[0143] The parameter obtaining module 930 is configured to obtain preset characteristic parameters of a target super capacitor and generate an optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor according to a preset charging target function, the preset charging target function being a function of a charging current value of the super capacitor.

[0144] The charging module 940 is configured to obtain preset charging requirement parameters of a target super capacitor and query the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table, obtain an optimal charging current value of the target super capacitor, and control a charging converter to implement optimal charging on the target super capacitor at the optimal charging current value.

[0145] Exemplarily, the mathematical model constructing module 910 is further configured to:

[0146] simplify the super capacitor into an equivalent first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit;

[0147] construct the mathematical model based on the first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit, the super capacitor being composed of a plurality of single bodies, and a preset number of single bodies being one capacitor group.

[0148] Exemplarily, the mathematical model is expressed as:

[0149]

[0150] U C = U SC -I SC R eq ;

[0151] wherein, R eq represents an equivalent internal resistance of the super capacitor, C eq represents an equivalent capacitance value of the super capacitor; R eq_ij represents an internal resistance of an i-th single body in a j-th capacitor group, C eq_ij represents a capacitance value of the i-th single body in the j-th capacitor group, U SC represents an end voltage of the super capacitor, I SC represents a current of the super capacitor, U C represents an equivalent capacitor voltage of the super capacitor, M represents that the super capacitor includes M single bodies, N represents that the super capacitor includes N capacitor groups, and M and N are natural numbers.

[0152] Exemplarily, the preset charging target function is expressed by the following formula:

[0153] wherein,

[0154]

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] P represents the charging loss power of the super capacitor, P n represents the charging loss of the super capacitor under the rated current condition, t c represents the charging time of the super capacitor, t cn represents the charging time of the super capacitor under the rated condition, ΔSOC represents the charging charge interval of the super capacitor, SOC0 represents the initial value of the charging of the super capacitor, SOC1 represents the final value of the state of charge of the super capacitor, G represents the charging target function of the super capacitor, and K represents the charging mode coefficient of the super charger.

[0158] Exemplarily, the charging mode coefficient K of the super charger ranges from 0 to 1, that is, 0 < K < 1.

[0159] When 0 < K < 0.5, the super charger is in a fast charging mode.

[0160] When 0.5 ≤ K < 1, the super charger is in an energy-saving mode.

[0161] Exemplarily, the parameter acquisition module 930 is further configured to:

[0162] acquire a resistance-current characteristic curve and a capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the equivalent resistance parameter of the target super capacitor varying with the current;

[0163] acquire the preset characteristic parameters from the resistance-current characteristic curve and the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve, wherein the preset characteristic parameters include the equivalent internal resistance, the charging current, the equivalent capacitance value, and the equivalent capacitor voltage parameter;

[0164] substitute the equivalent internal resistance, the charging current, the equivalent capacitance value, and the equivalent capacitor voltage parameter into the charging target function to obtain an optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target super capacitor;

[0165] The optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table includes an optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table and an optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table are an optimal charging current I opt , a charging mode coefficient K, and a charging charge interval ΔSOC, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging target function value three-dimensional characteristic table are an optimal charging target function value G opta charging mode coefficient K and a charging charge interval ΔSOC.

[0166] Exemplarily, the parameter obtaining module 930 is further configured to:

[0167] According to a preset standard, the internal resistance of the target super capacitor under different current conditions is tested by using a transient voltage drop method to obtain the resistance-flow characteristic curve; and

[0168] The internal resistance of the target super capacitor is measured by using the ratio of the change amount of the capacitor voltage to the current in the charging-discharging switching transient process to obtain the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve.

[0169] Exemplarily, the charging module 940 is further configured to:

[0170] The preset charging requirement parameters of the target super capacitor are obtained, and the preset charging requirement parameters include a charging mode coefficient K, a charging charge interval ΔSOC and a final state of charge SOC1;

[0171] According to the preset charging requirement parameters, the optimal charging current I is obtained by querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table. opt When the charging target function G has a minimum value, the corresponding charging current is the optimal charging current I opt .

[0172] In addition, the application further discloses a super capacitor charging optimization device, which comprises a super capacitor and a charging converter, as shown in Fig. 4(c).

[0173] Exemplarily, the super capacitor has an optimal charging current value, and the optimal charging value is obtained by executing the super capacitor charging optimization method described above; the charging converter is connected with the super capacitor, and the charging converter is used to realize optimal charging of the super capacitor with the optimal charging current value.

[0174] It should be noted that the above-mentioned super capacitor charging optimization device provided by the embodiment of the application can realize all the method steps realized by the method embodiment and achieve the same technical effects, and the same parts and beneficial effects in the embodiment as the method embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0175] Figure 10 An example of a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 10As shown, the electronic device can include a processor 810, a communications interface 820, a memory 830 and a communications bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communications interface 820 and the memory 830 complete mutual communication through the communications bus 840. The processor 810 can invoke the logical instructions in the memory 830 to execute the optimization method of the super capacitor charging described above.

[0176] In addition, the logical instructions in the memory 830 described above can be realized in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, and can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for making a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various media that can store program codes.

[0177] On the other hand, the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, and the computer program includes program instructions, when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the optimization method of the super capacitor charging described above provided by the above-mentioned method.

[0178] In yet another aspect, the present application also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to implement the optimization method of the super capacitor charging described above provided by the above-mentioned method.

[0179] The electronic device, the computer program product and the processor readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present application store the computer program which enables the processor to implement all the method steps realized by the above-mentioned method embodiment and achieve the same technical effects. Therefore, the same parts and beneficial effects of the embodiment as the method embodiment are not described in detail here.

[0180] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purposes of the embodiments according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement without creative labor.

[0181] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the embodiments can be realized by means of software and the necessary general hardware platform, and of course can also be realized by hardware. Based on such understanding, the above technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a plurality of instructions to make a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0182] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An optimized method for charging a supercapacitor, characterized in that, Including: Obtaining the preset characteristic parameters of the target supercapacitor and generating the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target supercapacitor according to the preset charging objective function, including: obtaining the resistance-current characteristic curve and capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the equivalent resistance parameter of the target supercapacitor varying with current; obtaining the preset characteristic parameters according to the resistance-current characteristic curve and capacitance-voltage characteristic curve, where the preset characteristic parameters include equivalent internal resistance, charging current, equivalent capacitance value, and equivalent capacitance voltage parameter; substituting the equivalent internal resistance, the charging current, the equivalent capacitance value, and the equivalent capacitance voltage parameter into the charging objective function to obtain the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table of the target supercapacitor; where the preset charging objective function is a function with the charging current value of the supercapacitor as a variable; Obtaining the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor and querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table to obtain the optimal charging current value of the target supercapacitor and controlling the charging converter to perform optimal charging on the target supercapacitor with the optimal charging current value.

2. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the preset characteristic parameters of the target supercapacitor, the method further includes: Constructing a mathematical model of the supercapacitor, where the mathematical model is used to represent the relationship between the equivalent capacitance voltage, terminal voltage, current, and equivalent internal resistance of the supercapacitor; Based on the mathematical model, establishing the preset charging objective function of the supercapacitor.

3. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The constructing the mathematical model of the supercapacitor includes: Simplifying the supercapacitor into an equivalent first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit; Constructing the mathematical model based on the first-order nonlinear resistance-capacitance circuit; Where the supercapacitor is composed of multiple monomers, and a preset number of monomers form a capacitor group.

4. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The expression of the mathematical model is: Among them, R eq C represents the equivalent internal resistance of a supercapacitor. eq R represents the equivalent capacitance of a supercapacitor. eq_ij C represents the internal resistance of the i-th cell in the j-th capacitor bank. eq_ij U represents the capacitance value of the i-th cell in the j-th capacitor bank. SC I represents the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor. SC U represents the current in a supercapacitor. C This represents the equivalent capacitance voltage of the supercapacitor. M indicates that the supercapacitor comprises M individual cells, and N indicates that the supercapacitor comprises N capacitor banks. M and N are natural numbers.

5. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset charging objective function is represented by the following formula: in, P represents the charging loss power of the supercapacitor. n The charging loss of a supercapacitor under rated current conditions is represented by t. c t represents the charging time of a supercapacitor. cn ΔSOC represents the charging time of the supercapacitor under rated conditions, ΔSOC represents the charging charge range of the supercapacitor, SOC0 represents the initial charging value of the supercapacitor, SOC1 represents the final state of charge of the supercapacitor, G represents the charging objective function of the supercapacitor, and K represents the charging mode coefficient of the supercharger.

6. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The range of the charging mode coefficient K of the supercharger is 0 < K < 1: When 0 < K < 0.5, the supercharger is in the fast charging mode; When 0.5 ≤ K < 1, the supercharger is in the power-saving mode.

7. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table includes an optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table and an optimal charging objective function value three-dimensional characteristic table. The three-dimensional coordinates of the optimal charging current three-dimensional characteristic table are the optimal charging current I. opt The charging mode coefficient K and the charging charge range ΔSOC, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the three-dimensional characteristic table of the optimal charging objective function value are respectively the optimal charging objective function value G. opt The charging mode coefficient K and the charging charge range ΔSOC.

8. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table represents the optimal charging current I. opt and the optimal charging objective function value G opt =f(K, ΔSOC, SOC1), where f represents a function.

9. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The obtaining the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor and querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table to obtain the optimal charging current value of the target supercapacitor and controlling the charging converter to perform optimal charging on the target supercapacitor with the optimal charging current value includes: Obtaining the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor, where the preset charging requirement parameters include charging mode coefficient K, charging charge interval ΔSOC, and final state of charge SOC1; The optimal charging current I is obtained by querying the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table based on the preset charging requirement parameters. opt ; When the charging objective function G has a minimum value, the corresponding charging current is the optimal charging current I. opt .

10. The optimized method for charging a supercapacitor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The obtaining the resistance-current characteristic curve and capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the equivalent resistance parameter of the target supercapacitor varying with current includes: Testing the internal resistance of the target supercapacitor under different current conditions by using the transient voltage drop method according to a preset standard to obtain the resistance-current characteristic curve; and Measuring the internal resistance of the target supercapacitor by using the ratio of the change in capacitance voltage to current during the charge-discharge switching transient process to obtain the capacitance-voltage characteristic curve.

11. An optimized device for charging a supercapacitor, characterized in that, Including: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire preset characteristic parameters of the target supercapacitor and generate a three-dimensional table of the optimal charging characteristics of the target supercapacitor according to a preset charging objective function. This includes: acquiring the resistance-current characteristic curve and capacitance-voltage characteristic curve of the target supercapacitor as a function of current; acquiring the preset characteristic parameters based on the resistance-current characteristic curve and capacitance-voltage characteristic curve, the preset characteristic parameters including equivalent internal resistance, charging current, equivalent capacitance, and equivalent capacitor voltage; and substituting the equivalent internal resistance, charging current, equivalent capacitance, and equivalent capacitor voltage into the charging objective function to obtain the three-dimensional table of the optimal charging characteristics of the target supercapacitor; wherein the preset charging objective function is a function with the charging current of the supercapacitor as the variable. The charging module is used to obtain the preset charging requirement parameters of the target supercapacitor and query the optimal charging characteristic three-dimensional table to obtain the optimal charging current value of the target supercapacitor and control the charging converter to achieve optimal charging of the target supercapacitor with the optimal charging current value.

12. The optimized charging device for supercapacitors according to claim 11, characterized in that, The device further includes: A mathematical model building module is used to build a mathematical model of a supercapacitor, wherein the mathematical model is used to represent the relationship between the equivalent capacitance voltage and the terminal voltage, current and equivalent internal resistance of the supercapacitor. The objective function establishment module is used to establish a preset charging objective function for the supercapacitor based on the mathematical model.

13. An optimized device for charging a supercapacitor, characterized in that, include: A supercapacitor having an optimal charging current value, said optimal charging current value being obtained by performing an optimization method for charging a supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 above; A charging converter is connected to the supercapacitor, and the charging converter is used to achieve optimal charging of the supercapacitor with the optimal charging current value.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the optimized method for charging a supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the optimized method for charging a supercapacitor as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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