A method and device used in a node for wireless communication

Abstract

The present application discloses a method and apparatus used in a node for wireless communication. The node first receives a first signal and then sends a target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, and the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is received in error; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, and the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, and the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, and a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter; the first node is configured with the first identifier, and the first measurement value is obtained by measurement of the first node. The present application optimizes the method and apparatus for generating feedback information under multicast and groupcast to optimize system performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a transmission method and apparatus in a wireless communication system, and in particular to a design scheme and apparatus for uplink feedback in wireless communication. Background Art

[0002] The NR Release 17 standard has begun discussing how to support the transmission of multicast and broadcast services within the 5G architecture. In traditional LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution Advanced) systems, base stations support terminals receiving multicast and groupcast services through MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network) and SC-PTM (Single-Cell Point-To-Multipoint). Multicast and broadcast services based on NR systems will require more flexible design, and UE (User Equipment) uplink feedback will require a redesign. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Currently, HARQ-ACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest Acknowledgement) feedback based on NACK-only PTM (Point-To-Multipoint) transmission is under discussion, that is, when the UE determines that the downlink PTM transmission is not received correctly, it will feedback to the base station; when the UE determines that the downlink PTM (Point-To-Multipoint) is received correctly, the UE does not feedback any information. The above method helps to reduce the transmission of uplink control signaling and simplify system design. Currently, in PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) Format 0, the m related to the cyclic shift value is cs The item is related to whether the PUCCH carries ACK or NACK, which in turn affects the value of the cyclic shift. When the PUCCH only carries NACK, how to adjust the m cs The value will need to be reconsidered. A simple implementation method is to keep the original m cs The value of NACK is unchanged, that is, the m csThe value will not be used in the above scenario, but this approach will obviously reduce the robustness and anti-interference capability of PUCCH.

[0004] In response to the above problems, the present application discloses a solution. It should be noted that although the above description uses the communication scenario of PTM as an example, the present application is also applicable to other scenarios such as unicast systems, and achieves similar technical effects in PTM. In addition, the use of a unified solution for different scenarios (including but not limited to PTM) also helps to reduce hardware complexity and cost. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of any node of the present application can be applied to any other node, and vice versa. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0005] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present application discloses a method and apparatus for UCI (Uplink Control Information) transmission. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the user equipment of the present application can be applied to the base station, and vice versa. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application can be arbitrarily combined with each other. Furthermore, although the present application is initially intended for cellular networks, it can also be used in the Internet of Things and the Internet of Vehicles. Furthermore, although the present application is initially intended for multi-carrier communication, it can also be used for single-carrier communication. Furthermore, although the present application is initially intended for multicast and groupcast, it can also be used for unicast communication. Furthermore, although the present application is initially intended for terminal-to-base station scenarios, it is also applicable to terminal-to-terminal, terminal-to-relay, non-terrestrial networks (NTN), and relay-to-base station communication scenarios, achieving similar technical effects as in the terminal-to-base station scenario. Furthermore, adopting a unified solution for different scenarios (including but not limited to terminal-to-base station communication scenarios) also helps reduce hardware complexity and cost.

[0006] Furthermore, in the absence of any conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the first node device of the present application may be applied to the second node device, and vice versa. In particular, the interpretation of terminology, nouns, functions, and variables in this application (unless otherwise specified) may refer to the definitions in the 3GPP Technical Specifications TS36 series, TS38 series, and TS37 series.

[0007] The present application discloses a method in a first node for wireless communication, comprising:

[0008] receiving a first signal;

[0009] Send target signaling;

[0010] The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0011] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that: in the NACK-only scenario, multiple terminals can send NACK information on the same block of resources; and then, corresponding to different UEs, the first parameter is determined by a first identifier or a first measurement value, so that the cyclic shifts used by UEs using different identifiers or measuring different measurement values ​​are different, so as to achieve the technical effect of distinguishing the NACKs reported by UEs using different cyclic shifts on the base station side through code division.

[0012] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that: when the first identifier is used to determine the first parameter, the base station can group UEs that perform PTM transmission simultaneously, for example, dividing the UEs into two groups, and the UEs in different groups use different m when sending NACK-only PUCCH. cs , thereby realizing that the NACK signals between different groups are code-divided. When different groups correspond to different service types or different service priorities, the base station can clearly distinguish the NACK information of different service types or different priorities, thereby improving the PUCCH reception performance.

[0013] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that: when the first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the base station can group the UEs that perform PTM transmission simultaneously according to the channel quality, for example, dividing the UEs into two groups, and the UEs in different groups use different m when sending NACK-only PUCCH. cs, so that the NACK signals between different groups are code-divided, and the base station can clearly distinguish the NACK information of UEs with good channel quality and UEs with poor channel quality, thereby improving the PUCCH reception performance.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present application, the first identifier is a RNTI other than a cell RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0015] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that the technical effect of grouping UEs is achieved through different RNTIs.

[0016] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that: the above-mentioned grouping of UEs by using different RNTIs is achieved through configuration of the base station.

[0017] According to one aspect of the present application, the first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, and the unit of the first measurement value is dBm (millidecibels).

[0018] According to one aspect of the present application, the first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, and the unit of the first measurement value is dB (decibel).

[0019] According to one aspect of the present application, the first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, and the unit of the first measurement value is mW (milliwatt).

[0020] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that the technical effect of grouping UEs is achieved through RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) received by the UE.

[0021] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is that the above-mentioned grouping of UEs by using different RSRPs is implemented on the UE side.

[0022] According to one aspect of the present application, the transmit power value of the target signaling is equal to a first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

[0023] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is: further using the first parameter to distinguish the transmission power values ​​of different groups of UEs, thereby achieving different receiving power values ​​of wireless signals sent by different groups of UEs when they arrive at the base station side, which is more conducive to the base station distinguishing the PUCCH sent by different groups of UEs.

[0024] According to one aspect of the present application, the invention comprises:

[0025] receiving a first signaling;

[0026] In which, the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

[0027] As an embodiment, a technical feature of the above method is: by determining the transmission power value of the first signal according to whether the first signal is an initial transmission or a retransmission, the initial transmission power value is lower and the retransmission power value is higher, so as to further improve the robustness of PUCCH transmission and facilitate the base station to distinguish between the initial transmission and the retransmission PUCCH.

[0028] According to one aspect of the present application, the sum of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter is equal to a first value, and the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

[0029] According to one aspect of the present application, the format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

[0030] The present application discloses a method in a second node for wireless communication, comprising:

[0031] sending a first signal;

[0032] Receive target signaling;

[0033] The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, and at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0034] According to one aspect of the present application, the first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

[0035] According to one aspect of the present application, the first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, and the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

[0036] According to one aspect of the present application, the transmit power value of the target signaling is equal to a first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

[0037] According to one aspect of the present application, the invention comprises:

[0038] Sending a first signaling;

[0039] In which, the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

[0040] According to one aspect of the present application, the sum of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter is equal to a first value, and the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

[0041] According to one aspect of the present application, the format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

[0042] The present application discloses a first node for wireless communication, comprising:

[0043] a first receiver, receiving a first signal;

[0044] A first transmitter sends target signaling;

[0045] The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0046] The present application discloses a second node for wireless communication, comprising:

[0047] a second transmitter, transmitting a first signal;

[0048] a second receiver, receiving target signaling;

[0049] The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, and at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0050] As an example, compared with traditional solutions, this application has the following advantages:

[0051] In a NACK-only scenario, multiple terminals can send NACK information on the same resource block. Furthermore, for different UEs, the first parameter is determined using a first identifier or a first measurement value, so that UEs using different identifiers or measuring different values ​​use different cyclic shifts, thereby achieving the technical effect of distinguishing NACKs reported by UEs using different cyclic shifts on the base station side through code division.

[0052] -. The technical effect of grouping UEs by different RNTIs is achieved, and the above operation is achieved through base station configuration;

[0053] -. The technical effect of grouping UEs is achieved by RSRP received by the UE, and the above operation is implemented on the UE side;

[0054] -. The first parameter is used to distinguish the transmission power values ​​of different groups of UEs, thereby achieving different receiving power values ​​of wireless signals sent by different groups of UEs when they arrive at the base station side, which is more conducive to the base station distinguishing the PUCCHs sent by different groups of UEs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0056] Figure 1 A processing flow chart of a first node according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0057] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a network architecture according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture of a user plane and a control plane according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0059] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a first communication device and a second communication device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0060] Figure 5 A flow chart showing a first signal according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0061] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating target signaling according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0062] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing cyclic shift according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0063] Figure 8A schematic diagram showing target signaling generation according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0064] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing a first identifier according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0065] Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing a first measurement value according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing a first parameter according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 12 A structural block diagram of a processing device in a first node device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0068] Figure 13 A structural block diagram of a processing device in a second node device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The technical solution of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Example 1 illustrates a processing flow chart of a first node, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown in the attached Figure 1 In the diagram 100 , each box represents a step. In embodiment 1, the first node in the present application receives a first signal in step 101 and sends target signaling in step 102 .

[0072] In embodiment 1, the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0073] As an embodiment, the physical layer channel carrying the first signal includes a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel).

[0074] As an embodiment, the transmission channel carrying the first signal includes a DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel).

[0075] As an embodiment, the transmission channel carrying the first signal includes PTM-SCH (Point-To-Multipoint Shared Channel).

[0076] As an embodiment, the transmission channel carrying the first signal includes SC-SCH (Single-Cell Shared Channel).

[0077] As an embodiment, the first signal is used for transmission of multicast services.

[0078] As an embodiment, the first bit block is used for transmission other than unicast.

[0079] As an embodiment, the first signal is scrambled by a G-RNTI (Group Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0080] As an embodiment, the first signal is scrambled by GC-RNTI (Group Common Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0081] As an embodiment, the first signal is scrambled by SC-RNTI (Single Carrier Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0082] As an embodiment, the first signal is scrambled by SC-PTM-RNTI (Single Carrier Point to Multipoint Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0083] As an embodiment, the first signal is scrambled by SC-SFN-RNTI (Single Carrier Single Frequency Network Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0084] As an embodiment, the first signal is scrambled by an RNTI other than a C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier).

[0085] As an embodiment, the first signal is a wireless signal.

[0086] As an embodiment, the first signal is a baseband signal.

[0087] As an embodiment, the physical layer channel carrying the target signaling includes PUCCH.

[0088] As an embodiment, the target signaling includes UCI (Uplink Control Information, uplink control information).

[0089] As an embodiment, the above sentence that the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling means: the time domain resources occupied by the first signal belong to time slot #n, and the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling belong to time slot #(n+k); the k is indicated by physical layer dynamic signaling, or the k is indicated by RRC signaling, or the k is a predefined value; the k is a non-negative integer, and the n is a non-negative integer.

[0090] As an embodiment, the first bit block is a TB (Transport Block).

[0091] As an embodiment, the first bit block is a CB (Code Block).

[0092] As an embodiment, the first bit block is a CBG (Code Block Group).

[0093] As an embodiment, the first bit block occupies a HARQ process number.

[0094] As an embodiment, the target signaling only carries NACK information.

[0095] As an embodiment, the target signaling does not carry ACK information.

[0096] As an embodiment, the target signaling is used to feed back the first signal.

[0097] As an embodiment, the first sequence is a base sequence.

[0098] As an embodiment, the length of the first sequence is 12.

[0099] As an embodiment, the first sequence is a ZC (Zedoff-Chu) sequence.

[0100] As an embodiment, the first sequence is a pseudo-random sequence.

[0101] As an embodiment, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate X1 sequences, any two of the X1 sequences are different, and X1 is a positive integer greater than 1; any one of the X1 sequences is mapped to at least one multi-carrier symbol of Y1 multi-carrier symbols in the time domain, and the target signaling occupies the Y1 multi-carrier symbols in the time domain.

[0102] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the target sequence is one of the X1 sequences.

[0103] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first parameter is related to how to determine the target sequence from the X1 sequences.

[0104] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first parameter is used to determine the target sequence from the X1 sequences.

[0105] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, X1 is equal to 2.

[0106] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, Y1 is equal to 1.

[0107] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, Y1 is equal to 2.

[0108] As an embodiment, the above sentence that the first sequence is used to generate the target signaling means that the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate the target signaling.

[0109] As an embodiment, the above sentence that the first sequence is used to generate the target signaling means that the first sequence is mapped to the REs (Resource Elements) occupied by the target signaling after cyclic shift.

[0110] As an embodiment, the above sentence that the first sequence is used to generate the target signaling means that the first sequence generates the target signaling after phase rotation.

[0111] As an embodiment, the above sentence that the first sequence is used to generate the target signaling means that the first sequence is mapped to the REs occupied by the target signaling after phase rotation.

[0112] As an embodiment, the target signaling occupies only one multi-carrier symbol in the time domain.

[0113] As an embodiment, the target signaling occupies two multi-carrier symbols in the time domain.

[0114] As an embodiment, the target signaling occupies one RB (Resource Block) in the frequency domain.

[0115] As an embodiment, the target signaling occupies 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

[0116] As an embodiment, the target signaling occupies 12 REs.

[0117] As an embodiment, the target signaling occupies 24 REs.

[0118] As an embodiment, the multi-carrier symbol is an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol.

[0119] As an embodiment, the multi-carrier symbol is a CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix-OFDM) symbol.

[0120] As an embodiment, the multi-carrier symbol is a DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spreading OFDM) symbol.

[0121] As an embodiment, the multi-carrier symbol is an SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbol.

[0122] As an embodiment, the first parameter is equal to one of 0 or 6.

[0123] As an embodiment, the first parameter is equal to one of X1 candidate parameters, and the X1 candidate parameters are respectively used to determine the X1 sequences in this application.

[0124] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, any one of the X1 candidate parameters is used to determine the cyclic shift of at least one sequence among the X1 sequences.

[0125] As an embodiment, the first identifier is used to determine the first parameter.

[0126] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first identifier is equal to a first integer and the first parameter is equal to 0; or the first identifier is equal to a second integer and the first parameter is equal to 6; the first integer is different from the second integer, and the first integer and the second integer are both non-negative integers.

[0127] As an embodiment, the recipients of the first signal include terminals in a first terminal group and terminals in a second terminal group, the terminals in the first terminal group are configured with a first candidate identifier, and the terminals in the second terminal group are configured with a second candidate identifier; when the first node belongs to the first terminal group, the first identifier is equal to the first candidate identifier; when the first node belongs to the second terminal group, the first identifier is equal to the second candidate identifier; the first candidate identifier and the second candidate identifier are different, and the first candidate identifier and the second candidate identifier are both non-negative integers.

[0128] As an embodiment, the first identifier is G-RNTI.

[0129] As an embodiment, the first identifier is GC-RNTI.

[0130] As an embodiment, the first identifier is SC-RNTI.

[0131] As an embodiment, the first identifier is SC-PTM-RNTI.

[0132] As an embodiment, the first identifier is SC-SFN-RNTI.

[0133] As an embodiment, the first measurement value is RSRP.

[0134] As an embodiment, the first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter.

[0135] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first measurement value is less than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 0, or the first measurement value is not less than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 6, and the unit of the first threshold is dBm.

[0136] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first measurement value is not less than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 0, or the first measurement value is less than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 6, and the unit of the first threshold is dBm.

[0137] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first measurement value is greater than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 0, or the first measurement value is not greater than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 6, and the unit of the first threshold is dBm.

[0138] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first measurement value is not greater than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 0, or the first measurement value is greater than a first threshold and the first parameter is equal to 6, and the unit of the first threshold is dBm.

[0139] As an embodiment, the first identifier is configured by the sender of the first signal.

[0140] As an embodiment, the first identifier is configured through RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling.

[0141] As an embodiment, the first identifier is configured through a MAC (Medium Access Control) CE (Control Element).

[0142] As an embodiment, the first identifier is configured through MCE (Multicell / Multicast Coordination Entity).

[0143] As an embodiment, the receivers of the first signal include Q1 terminals, where Q1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and the first node is one of the Q1 terminals.

[0144] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the Q1 terminals form a terminal group, and all terminals in the terminal group are configured with the first identifier.

[0145] As an embodiment, the relationship between the target signaling and the target sequence refers to the following formula in Section 6.3.2.3.1 of TS 38.211:

[0146]

[0147] in, Corresponding to the target sequence, corresponding to the target sequence.

[0148] As an embodiment, the relationship between the first sequence and the target sequence refers to the following formula in Section 5.2.2 of TS 38.211:

[0149]

[0150] in, Corresponding to the target sequence, Corresponding to the first sequence.

[0151] Example 2

[0152] Example 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a network architecture, as shown in the attached Figure 2 shown.

[0153] Figure 2A diagram illustrates a network architecture 200 for 5G NR, LTE (Long-Term Evolution), and LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution Advanced) systems. 5G NR or LTE network architecture 200 may be referred to as an EPS (Evolved Packet System) 200 or some other suitable terminology. EPS 200 may include a UE (User Equipment) 201, an NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) 202, an EPC (Evolved Packet Core) / 5G-CN (5G-Core Network) 210, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 220, and an Internet service provider 230. The EPS may interconnect with other access networks, but these entities / interfaces are not shown for simplicity. As shown, the EPS provides packet-switched services, but those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be extended to networks providing circuit-switched services or other cellular networks. The NG-RAN includes an NR Node B (gNB) 203 and other gNBs 204. The gNB 203 provides user and control plane protocol termination towards the UE 201. The gNB 203 may be connected to other gNBs 204 via an Xn interface (e.g., backhaul). The gNB 203 may also be referred to as a base station, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, or some other appropriate terminology. The gNB 203 provides an access point to the EPC / 5G-CN 210 for the UE 201. Examples of UE 201 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, non-terrestrial base station communications, satellite mobile communications, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a drone, an aircraft, a narrowband IoT device, a machine-type communication device, a land vehicle, an automobile, a wearable device, or any other similarly functional device. Those skilled in the art may also refer to UE 201 as a mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. gNB 203 is connected to EPC / 5G-CN 210 via an S1 / NG interface.EPC / 5G-CN 210 includes MME (Mobility Management Entity) / AMF (Authentication Management Field) / UPF (User Plane Function) 211, other MME / AMF / UPF 214, S-GW (Service Gateway) 212, and P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) 213. MME / AMF / UPF 211 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 201 and EPC / 5G-CN 210. Generally, MME / AMF / UPF 211 provides bearer and connection management. All user IP (Internet Protocol) packets are transmitted through S-GW 212, which itself is connected to P-GW 213. P-GW 213 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. P-GW 213 is connected to Internet service 230. Internet services 230 include operator-specific Internet protocol services, which may include the Internet, intranet, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), and packet-switched streaming services.

[0154] As an embodiment, the UE201 corresponds to the first node in this application.

[0155] As an embodiment, the UE 201 is a terminal capable of supporting multicast services.

[0156] As an embodiment, the UE 201 is capable of supporting the transmission of NACK-only PUCCH.

[0157] As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports multiplexing of HARQ-ACK for feedback of unicast services and HARQ-ACK for feedback of multicast and groupcast services in one physical channel.

[0158] As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports PTM transmission.

[0159] As an embodiment, the UE 201 supports SC-PTM transmission.

[0160] As an embodiment, the gNB203 corresponds to the second node in this application.

[0161] As an embodiment, the gNB203 is a base station capable of supporting multicast and groupcast services.

[0162] As an embodiment, the gNB203 is capable of supporting the reception of NACK-only PUCCH.

[0163] As an embodiment, the gNB203 supports multiplexing of HARQ-ACK for feedback of unicast services and HARQ-ACK for feedback of multicast and groupcast services in one physical channel.

[0164] As an embodiment, the gNB203 supports PTM transmission.

[0165] Example 3

[0166] Example 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless protocol architecture of a user plane and a control plane according to the present application, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture for a user plane 350 and a control plane 300, Figure 3The radio protocol architecture for the control plane 300 between a first communication node device (UE, gNB, or RSU in V2X) and a second communication node device (gNB, UE, or RSU in V2X) is shown using three layers: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. Layer 1 (L1 layer) is the lowest layer and implements various PHY (physical layer) signal processing functions. The L1 layer will be referred to herein as PHY 301. Layer 2 (L2 layer) 305 is above PHY 301 and is responsible for the link between the first and second communication node devices via PHY 301. L2 layer 305 includes the MAC (Medium Access Control) sublayer 302, the RLC (Radio Link Control) sublayer 303, and the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) sublayer 304, which terminate at the second communication node device. The PDCP sublayer 304 provides multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels. The PDCP sublayer 304 also provides security by encrypting data packets. The PDCP sublayer 304 also provides support for inter-zone mobility of the first communication node device to the second communication node device. The RLC sublayer 303 provides segmentation and reassembly of upper layer data packets, retransmission of lost data packets, and reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-order reception due to HARQ. The MAC sublayer 302 provides multiplexing between logical and transport channels. The MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for allocating various radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) in a cell between the first communication node devices. The MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for HARQ operations. The RRC (Radio Resource Control) sublayer 306 in Layer 3 (L3 layer) in the control plane 300 is responsible for obtaining radio resources (i.e., radio bearers) and configuring the lower layers using RRC signaling between the second communication node device and the first communication node device. The radio protocol architecture of the user plane 350 includes layer 1 (L1 layer) and layer 2 (L2 layer). The radio protocol architecture for the first communication node device and the second communication node device in the user plane 350 is substantially the same as the corresponding layers and sublayers in the control plane 300 for the physical layer 351, the PDCP sublayer 354 in the L2 layer 355, the RLC sublayer 353 in the L2 layer 355, and the MAC sublayer 352 in the L2 layer 355, but the PDCP sublayer 354 also provides header compression for upper layer data packets to reduce radio transmission overhead.The L2 layer 355 in the user plane 350 also includes an SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) sublayer 356. The SDAP sublayer 356 is responsible for mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers (DRBs) to support service diversity. Although not shown in the figure, the first communication node device may have several upper layers above the L2 layer 355, including a network layer (e.g., an IP layer) terminated at the P-GW on the network side and an application layer terminated at the other end of the connection (e.g., a remote UE, a server, etc.).

[0167] As an example, Figure 3 The wireless protocol architecture in is applicable to the first node in this application.

[0168] As an example, Figure 3 The wireless protocol architecture in is applicable to the second node in this application.

[0169] As an embodiment, the PDCP 304 of the second communication node device is used to generate the schedule of the first communication node device.

[0170] As an embodiment, the PDCP 354 of the second communication node device is used to generate the schedule of the first communication node device.

[0171] As an embodiment, the first signal in the present application is generated by the PHY301 or PHY351.

[0172] As an embodiment, the first signal in the present application is generated by the MAC302 or MAC352.

[0173] As an embodiment, the first signal in this application is generated by the RRC306.

[0174] As an embodiment, the target signaling in this application is generated in the PHY301 or PHY351.

[0175] As an embodiment, the target signaling in the present application is generated by the MAC302 or MAC352.

[0176] As an embodiment, the target signaling in this application is generated in the RRC306.

[0177] As an embodiment, the first signaling in this application is generated in the PHY301 or PHY351.

[0178] As an embodiment, the first signaling in the present application is generated by the MAC302 or MAC352.

[0179] As an embodiment, the first signaling in this application is generated in the RRC306.

[0180] As an embodiment, the first node is a terminal.

[0181] As an embodiment, the second node is a terminal.

[0182] As an embodiment, the second node is an RSU (Road Side Unit).

[0183] As an embodiment, the second node is a Grouphead.

[0184] As an embodiment, the second node is a TRP (Transmitter Receiver Point).

[0185] As an embodiment, the second node is a cell.

[0186] As an embodiment, the second node is an eNB.

[0187] As an embodiment, the second node is a base station.

[0188] As an embodiment, the second node is used to manage multiple base stations.

[0189] As an embodiment, the second node is a node for managing multiple cells.

[0190] As an embodiment, the second node is used to manage multiple TRPs (Transmit Receiving Points).

[0191] As an embodiment, the second node is an MCE.

[0192] Example 4

[0193] Example 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to the present application, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 is a block diagram of a first communication device 450 and a second communication device 410 communicating with each other in an access network.

[0194] The first communication device 450 includes a controller / processor 459 , a memory 460 , a data source 467 , a transmit processor 468 , a receive processor 456 , a multi-antenna transmit processor 457 , a multi-antenna receive processor 458 , a transmitter / receiver 454 and an antenna 452 .

[0195] The second communication device 410 includes a controller / processor 475 , a memory 476 , a receive processor 470 , a transmit processor 416 , a multi-antenna receive processor 472 , a multi-antenna transmit processor 471 , a transmitter / receiver 418 , and an antenna 420 .

[0196] During transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, upper layer data packets from the core network are provided to the controller / processor 475 at the second communication device 410. The controller / processor 475 implements L2 layer functionality. During transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, the controller / processor 475 provides header compression, encryption, packet segmentation and reordering, multiplexing between logical and transport channels, and radio resource allocation to the first communication device 450 based on various priority metrics. The controller / processor 475 is also responsible for retransmission of lost packets and signaling to the first communication device 450. The transmit processor 416 and the multi-antenna transmit processor 471 implement various signal processing functions for the L1 layer (i.e., the physical layer). The transmit processor 416 implements coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC) at the second communication device 410, as well as mapping of signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The multi-antenna transmit processor 471 performs digital spatial precoding, including codebook-based and non-codebook-based precoding, and beamforming on the coded and modulated symbols to generate one or more spatial streams. The transmit processor 416 then maps each spatial stream to a subcarrier, multiplexes it with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then uses an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying the time-domain multicarrier symbol stream. The multi-antenna transmit processor 471 then performs transmit analog precoding / beamforming operations on the time-domain multicarrier symbol stream. Each transmitter 418 converts the baseband multi-carrier symbol stream provided by the multi-antenna transmit processor 471 into a radio frequency stream, and then provides it to a different antenna 420.

[0197] During transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, at the first communication device 450, each receiver 454 receives a signal via its corresponding antenna 452. Each receiver 454 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and converts the RF stream into a baseband multi-carrier symbol stream, which is provided to the receive processor 456. The receive processor 456 and the multi-antenna receive processor 458 implement various L1 signal processing functions. The multi-antenna receive processor 458 performs receive analog precoding / beamforming operations on the baseband multi-carrier symbol stream from the receiver 454. The receive processor 456 converts the baseband multi-carrier symbol stream, after the receive analog precoding / beamforming operations, from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). In the frequency domain, the receive processor 456 demultiplexes the physical layer data signal and reference signal, where the reference signal is used for channel estimation. The data signal undergoes multi-antenna detection in the multi-antenna receive processor 458 to recover any spatial streams destined for the first communication device 450. The symbols on each spatial stream are demodulated and recovered in the receive processor 456, and soft decisions are generated. The receive processor 456 then decodes and deinterleaves the soft decisions to recover the upper layer data and control signals transmitted by the second communication device 410 on the physical channel. The upper layer data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 459. The controller / processor 459 implements the functions of the L2 layer. The controller / processor 459 may be associated with a memory 460 that stores program code and data. The memory 460 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. During transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, the controller / processor 459 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover upper layer data packets from the core network. The upper layer data packets are then provided to all protocol layers above the L2 layer. Various control signals may also be provided to the L3 layer for L3 processing.

[0198] During transmission from the first communication device 450 to the second communication device 410, a data source 467 is used at the first communication device 450 to provide upper layer data packets to the controller / processor 459. The data source 467 represents all protocol layers above the L2 layer. Similar to the transmission functionality at the second communication device 410 described in the transmission from the second communication device 410 to the first communication device 450, the controller / processor 459 implements header compression, encryption, packet segmentation and reordering, and multiplexing between logical and transport channels based on radio resource allocation, implementing L2 layer functions for the user plane and control plane. The controller / processor 459 is also responsible for retransmission of lost packets and signaling to the second communication device 410. The transmit processor 468 performs modulation mapping and channel coding, while the multi-antenna transmit processor 457 performs digital multi-antenna spatial precoding, including codebook-based and non-codebook-based precoding, and beamforming. The transmit processor 468 then modulates the resulting spatial stream into a multi-carrier / single-carrier symbol stream. After analog precoding and beamforming operations in the multi-antenna transmit processor 457, the stream is provided to different antennas 452 via the transmitter 454. Each transmitter 454 first converts the baseband symbol stream provided by the multi-antenna transmit processor 457 into a RF symbol stream before providing it to the antenna 452.

[0199] During transmission from the first communications device 450 to the second communications device 410, the functionality at the second communications device 410 is similar to the reception functionality at the first communications device 450 described for transmission from the second communications device 410 to the first communications device 450. Each receiver 418 receives RF signals via its corresponding antenna 420, converts the received RF signals into baseband signals, and provides the baseband signals to a multi-antenna receive processor 472 and a receive processor 470. The receive processor 470 and the multi-antenna receive processor 472 collectively implement L1 layer functionality. A controller / processor 475 implements L2 layer functionality. The controller / processor 475 may be associated with a memory 476 storing program codes and data. The memory 476 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. During transmission from the first communications device 450 to the second communications device 410, the controller / processor 475 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover upper layer data packets from the UE 450. Upper layer packets from controller / processor 475 may be provided to the core network.

[0200] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 includes: at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to be used together with the at least one processor. The first communication device 450 at least: receives a first signal and sends target signaling; the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, the first bit block including a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node through measurement.

[0201] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 includes: a memory storing a computer-readable instruction program, the computer-readable instruction program generates an action when executed by at least one processor, the action including: receiving a first signal and sending a target signaling; the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0202] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 includes: at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to be used with the at least one processor. The second communication device 410 at least: sends a first signal and receives target signaling; the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, the first bit block including a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node through measurement.

[0203] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 device includes: a memory storing a computer-readable instruction program, the computer-readable instruction program generates an action when executed by at least one processor, the action including: sending a first signal and receiving target signaling; the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, and at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0204] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 corresponds to the first node in this application.

[0205] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 corresponds to the second node in this application.

[0206] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 is a UE.

[0207] As an embodiment, the first communication device 450 is a terminal.

[0208] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a base station.

[0209] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a UE.

[0210] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a network device.

[0211] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a serving cell.

[0212] As an embodiment, the second communication device 410 is a TRP.

[0213] As an embodiment, at least the first four of the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the multi-antenna receive processor 458, the receive processor 456, and the controller / processor 459 are used to receive a first signal; and at least the first four of the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the multi-antenna transmit processor 471, the transmit processor 416, and the controller / processor 475 are used to send a first signal.

[0214] As an implementation, at least the first four of the antenna 452, the transmitter 454, the multi-antenna transmit processor 457, the transmit processor 468, and the controller / processor 459 are used to send target signaling; and at least the first four of the antenna 420, the receiver 418, the multi-antenna receive processor 472, the receive processor 470, and the controller / processor 475 are used to receive target signaling.

[0215] As an embodiment, at least the first four of the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the multi-antenna receive processor 458, the receive processor 456, and the controller / processor 459 are used to receive the first signaling; and at least the first four of the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the multi-antenna transmit processor 471, the transmit processor 416, and the controller / processor 475 are used to send the first signaling.

[0216] Example 5

[0217] Example 5 illustrates a flow chart of a first signal, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown in the attached Figure 5In the embodiment, the first node U1 communicates with the second node N2 via a wireless link; it is particularly noted that the sequence in this embodiment does not limit the signal transmission sequence and implementation sequence in this application.

[0218] for The first node U1 , receiving the first signaling in step S10; receiving the first signal in step S11; and sending the target signaling in step S12.

[0219] for The second node N2 , sending a first signaling in step S20; sending a first signal in step S21; receiving a target signaling in step S22.

[0220] In Example 5, the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node U1, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by measuring the first node U1; the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first domain, and the first domain is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data.

[0221] As an embodiment, the first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

[0222] As an embodiment, the first node U1 determines the first measurement value through the wireless signal sent by the second node N2, and the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

[0223] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the wireless signal sent by the second node N2 includes SSB (Synchronization Signal / physical broadcast channel Block).

[0224] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the wireless signal sent by the second node N2 includes a CSI-RS (Channel State Information-Reference Signal).

[0225] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the wireless signal sent by the second node N2 includes a DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal).

[0226] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the wireless signal sent by the second node N2 includes a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).

[0227] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the wireless signal sent by the second node N2 includes the first signaling.

[0228] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the wireless signal sent by the second node N2 includes the first signal.

[0229] As an embodiment, the first measurement value includes RSRP.

[0230] As an embodiment, the first measurement value includes the RSRP of L-1.

[0231] As an embodiment, the first measurement value includes the RSRP of L-3.

[0232] As an embodiment, the first measurement value includes RSRP filtered by a higher layer.

[0233] As an embodiment, the transmission power value of the target signaling is equal to the first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

[0234] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first reference power value is P in TS 38.213. 0_PUCCH .

[0235] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first reference power value is

[0236] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first power value is the smaller of a first upper limit power value and a second power value, the first upper limit power value is the maximum output power (output power) configured by the first node in the PUCCH transmission timing occupied by the target signaling and on the carrier corresponding to the service cell where the target signaling is located, and the second power value is linearly related to the first reference power value.

[0237] As a subsidiary embodiment of this sub-embodiment, the linear correlation coefficient between the second power value and the first reference power value is equal to 1.

[0238] As a subsidiary embodiment of this sub-embodiment, the second power value is related to a path loss from the second node N2 to the first node U1.

[0239] As an embodiment, the first domain is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

[0240] As an embodiment, the first signaling is a DCI (Downlink Control Information, downlink control information).

[0241] As an embodiment, the physical layer channel carrying the first signaling includes PDCCH.

[0242] As an embodiment, the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) included in the first signaling is scrambled by the first identifier.

[0243] As an embodiment, the CRC included in the first signaling is scrambled by C-RNTI.

[0244] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the time domain resources occupied by the first signal.

[0245] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal.

[0246] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to schedule the first signal.

[0247] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the HARQ process number occupied by the first signal.

[0248] As an embodiment, the first field is the NDI (New Data Indicator) field in the first signaling.

[0249] As an embodiment, the first power value is the smaller of a first upper limit power value and a second power value, the first upper limit power value is the maximum output power (output power) configured by the first node in the PUCCH transmission timing occupied by the target signaling and on the carrier corresponding to the service cell where the target signaling is located, and the second power value is linearly related to the first offset value.

[0250] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the linear correlation coefficient between the second power value and the first offset value is equal to 1.

[0251] As an embodiment, the unit of the first offset value is dB.

[0252] As an embodiment, the first domain is used to indicate that the first bit block is new data, and the first offset value is equal to a first numerical value; or the first domain is used to indicate that the first bit block is not new data, and the first offset value is equal to a second numerical value; the first numerical value and the second numerical value are different.

[0253] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first value and the second value are fixed.

[0254] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first value is a non-negative real number.

[0255] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the second value is a non-negative real number.

[0256] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the unit of the first value is dB.

[0257] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the unit of the second value is dB.

[0258] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first value and the second value are configured through RRC signaling.

[0259] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the first value is equal to 0.

[0260] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the second value is equal to 0.

[0261] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the second value is related to the number of times the first signal is retransmitted for the first bit block.

[0262] As a subsidiary embodiment of this sub-embodiment, the first signal is the Mth retransmission of the first bit block, M is a positive integer, the second value is equal to the product of M and a third value, and the third value is a positive real number greater than 0.

[0263] As an embodiment, the sum of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter is equal to a first value, the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

[0264] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the second parameter corresponds to m0 in TS 38.211.

[0265] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the third parameter corresponds to TS 38.211

[0266] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the target integer is equal to 12.

[0267] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is equal to the remainder obtained by dividing the first value by the target integer, multiplied by 2π and then divided by the target integer.

[0268] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, when the PUCCH format adopted by the target signaling is format 0 or format 1, the second parameter is configured through the initialCyclicShift field in the PUCCH-Config IE.

[0269] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, when the PUCCH format adopted by the target signaling is format 3, the second parameter is equal to 0.

[0270] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the third parameter is related to the position of the multi-carrier symbol mapped by the target signaling in all multi-carrier symbols occupied by the target signaling.

[0271] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the third parameter is related to the position of the multi-carrier symbol mapped by the target signaling in the time slot occupied by the target signaling.

[0272] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the definition of the third parameter refers to TS 38.211. Definition of .

[0273] As an embodiment, the format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

[0274] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the format adopted by the target signaling is format 0.

[0275] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, the format adopted by the target signaling is format 1.

[0276] Example 6

[0277] Example 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of target signaling, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown in the attached Figure 6 In the embodiment, the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling, the first signal is received by M1 terminals, and M2 terminals among the M1 terminals do not correctly receive the first signal, and the M2 terminals respectively send M2 PUCCHs in the time-frequency resources occupied by the target signaling, the M1 and the M2 are both positive integers greater than 1, and the M2 is not greater than the M1.

[0278] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the time interval between the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling and the time domain resources occupied by the first signal.

[0279] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the time slot difference between the time slot occupied by the target signaling and the time slot occupied by the first signal.

[0280] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the PUCCH resource (Resource) occupied by the target signaling.

[0281] As an embodiment, the first signaling is used to indicate the PUCCH resource set (Resource Set) occupied by the target signaling.

[0282] As an embodiment, the M1 terminals all receive the first signaling.

[0283] Example 7

[0284] Example 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a cyclic shift, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown in the attached Figure 7 In the figure, point A on the circle corresponds to the cyclic shift when the first parameter is equal to the first alternative parameter, and point B on the circle corresponds to the cyclic shift when the first parameter is equal to the second alternative parameter; the first alternative parameter and the second alternative parameter are both non-negative integers and are not equal; the first alternative parameter and the second alternative parameter are two different alternative parameters among the X1 alternative parameters in this application.

[0285] As an embodiment, the first candidate parameter is equal to 0, and the second candidate parameter is equal to 6.

[0286] As an embodiment, the first candidate parameter is equal to 6, and the second candidate parameter is equal to 0.

[0287] Example 8

[0288] Example 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of target signaling generation, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 8 As shown in the attached Figure 8 In the target signaling, the target bit block carries the information bits of the target bit block, and the target bit block is used to indicate that the first signal is erroneously received; the target bit block obtains the target sequence after base sequence generation and cyclic shift determination, and then the target sequence is mapped to the REs occupied by the target signaling through physical resource mapping.

[0289] As an embodiment, the target bit block includes only 1 information bit.

[0290] As an embodiment, the target bit block includes multiple information bits.

[0291] As an embodiment, the target sequence is used to generate the target signaling.

[0292] As a sub-embodiment of this embodiment, an identifier of a serving cell where the frequency domain resources occupied by the third signal are located is used to determine a position of the third information block in the first bit sub-block.

[0293] Example 9

[0294] Example 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first identifier, as shown in the attached Figure 9 As shown in the attached Figure 9 In the figure, the recipients of the first signal include M1 terminals, which are divided into a first terminal group and a second terminal group. The terminals in the first terminal group are configured with a first candidate identifier, and the terminals in the second terminal group are configured with a second candidate identifier. The first node belongs to the first terminal group, and the first identifier is equal to the first candidate identifier. The second node shown in the figure provides PTM services for the M1 terminals.

[0295] As an embodiment, the first terminal group and the second terminal group correspond to different service types respectively.

[0296] As an embodiment, the first terminal group and the second terminal group correspond to different priorities respectively.

[0297] As an embodiment, the first terminal group and the second terminal group correspond to different maximum retransmission times respectively.

[0298] Example 10

[0299] Example 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first measurement value, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 10 As shown in the attached Figure 10 In the embodiment, when the first measurement value belongs to the first RSRP region, the first parameter is equal to a third integer; when the first measurement value belongs to the second RSRP region, the first parameter is equal to a fourth integer. The portion within the dashed box shown in the figure corresponds to the first RSRP region, and the portion outside the dashed box shown in the figure corresponds to the second RSRP region. The second node provides a PTM service for the first node.

[0300] As an embodiment, the third integer and the fourth integer are both non-negative integers and are not equal.

[0301] As an embodiment, the third integer is equal to 0 and the fourth integer is equal to 6.

[0302] As an embodiment, the third integer is equal to 6 and the fourth integer is equal to 0.

[0303] Example 11

[0304] Example 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first parameter, as shown in the attached Figure 10 As shown in the attached Figure 10 In the example, the first parameter corresponds to m cs The second parameter in this application corresponds to m0, and the third parameter in this application corresponds to In the picture Indicates the number of subcarriers occupied by an RB, α in the figure l represents the cyclic prefix used by the first sequence.

[0305] Example 12

[0306] Example 12 illustrates a structural block diagram in a first node, as shown in the attached Figure 12 As shown. Figure 12 , the first node 1200 includes a first receiver 1201 and a first transmitter 1202.

[0307] A first receiver 1201 receives a first signal;

[0308] The first transmitter 1202 sends target signaling;

[0309] In Example 12, the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0310] As an embodiment, the first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

[0311] As an embodiment, the first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, and the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

[0312] As an embodiment, the transmission power value of the target signaling is equal to the first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

[0313] As an embodiment, the first receiver 1201 receives first signaling; the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

[0314] As an embodiment, the sum of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter is equal to a first value, the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

[0315] As an embodiment, the format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

[0316] As an embodiment, the first receiver 1201 includes at least the first four of the antenna 452, receiver 454, multi-antenna receiving processor 458, receiving processor 456, and controller / processor 459 in Example 4.

[0317] As an embodiment, the first transmitter 1202 includes at least the first four of the antenna 452, transmitter 454, multi-antenna transmit processor 457, transmit processor 468, and controller / processor 459 in Embodiment 4.

[0318] Example 13

[0319] Example 13 illustrates a structural block diagram in a second node, as shown in the attached Figure 13 As shown. Figure 13 , the second node 1300 includes a second transmitter 1301 and a second receiver 1302 .

[0320] The second transmitter 1301 sends a first signal;

[0321] The second receiver 1302 receives target signaling;

[0322] In Example 13, the time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, and at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

[0323] As an embodiment, the first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

[0324] As an embodiment, the first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, and the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

[0325] As an embodiment, the transmission power value of the target signaling is equal to the first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

[0326] As an embodiment, the second transmitter 1301 sends a first signaling; the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

[0327] As an embodiment, the sum of the first parameter, the second parameter and the third parameter is equal to a first value, the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

[0328] As an embodiment, the format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

[0329] As an embodiment, the second transmitter 1301 includes at least the first four of the antenna 420, transmitter 418, multi-antenna transmit processor 471, transmit processor 416, and controller / processor 475 in Embodiment 4.

[0330] As an embodiment, the second receiver 1302 includes at least the first four of the antenna 420, the receiver 418, the multi-antenna receiving processor 472, the receiving processor 470, and the controller / processor 475 in Embodiment 4.

[0331] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the above method can be performed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a hard disk, or an optical disk. Optionally, all or part of the steps in the above embodiment can also be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Accordingly, the various module units in the above embodiment can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional modules. This application is not limited to any specific combination of software and hardware. The first node in this application includes but is not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, network cards, low-power devices, eMTC devices, NB-IoT devices, vehicle-mounted communication equipment, transportation vehicles, vehicles, RSUs, aircraft, airplanes, drones, remotely piloted aircraft, and other wireless communication devices. The second node in this application includes but is not limited to macrocell base stations, microcell base stations, small cell base stations, home base stations, relay base stations, eNBs, gNBs, transmission and reception nodes (TRPs), GNSS, relay satellites, satellite base stations, aerial base stations, RSUs, drones, test equipment, such as transceivers that simulate some functions of a base station or signaling testers, and other wireless communication devices.

[0332] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A first node for wireless communication, characterized in that include: a first receiver, receiving a first signal; A first transmitter sends target signaling; The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

2. The first node according to claim 1, wherein: The first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

3. The first node according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, where the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

4. The first node according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The transmit power value of the target signaling is equal to a first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

5. The first node according to claim 4, characterized in that The first receiver receives a first signaling; the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

6. The first node according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The sum of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is equal to a first value; the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

7. The first node according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

8. A second node for wireless communication, characterized in that include: a second transmitter, transmitting a first signal; a second receiver, receiving target signaling; The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, and at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

9. The second node according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

10. The second node according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, where the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

11. The second node according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The transmit power value of the target signaling is equal to a first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

12. The second node according to claim 11, characterized in that: The second transmitter sends a first signaling; the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

13. The second node according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that: The sum of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is equal to a first value; the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

14. The second node according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that: The format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

15. A method in a first node in wireless communication, characterized in that include: receiving a first signal; Send target signaling; The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

16. The method in the first node according to claim 15, characterized in that: The first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

17. The method in the first node according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that: The first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, where the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

18. The method in the first node according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that: The transmit power value of the target signaling is equal to a first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

19. The method in the first node according to claim 18, characterized in that: receiving a first signaling; In which, the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

20. The method in the first node according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that: The sum of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is equal to a first value; the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

21. The method in the first node according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that: include: The format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

22. A method in a second node in wireless communication, characterized in that include: sending a first signal; Receive target signaling; The time domain resources occupied by the first signal are used to determine the time domain resources occupied by the target signaling; a first bit block is used to generate the first signal, the target signaling is used to indicate that the first bit block is erroneously received, and the first bit block includes a positive integer number of bits greater than 1; a first sequence is used to generate the target signaling, the first sequence is cyclically shifted to generate a target sequence, the target sequence is mapped to a multi-carrier symbol occupied by the target signaling in the time domain, a first parameter is used to determine the cyclic shift for generating the target sequence, and the first parameter is a non-negative integer less than the length of the first sequence; the sender of the target signaling is a first node, and at least one of a first identifier or a first measurement value is used to determine the first parameter, the first identifier is an identifier configured by the first node, and the first measurement value is a measurement value obtained by the first node after measurement.

23. The method in the second node according to claim 22, characterized in that: The first identifier is an RNTI other than the cell RNTI.

24. The method in the second node according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that: The first node determines the first measurement value through a wireless signal sent by a sender of the first signal, where the unit of the first measurement value is dBm.

25. The method in the second node according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that: The transmit power value of the target signaling is equal to a first power value, the first parameter is used to determine a first reference power value, and the first reference power value is used to determine the first power value.

26. The method in the second node according to claim 25, characterized in that: include: Sending a first signaling; In which, the first signaling is used to indicate at least one of the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the first signal; the first signaling includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the first signal is new data; the first field is used to determine a first offset value, and the first offset value is used to determine the first power value.

27. The method in the second node according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that: The sum of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter is equal to a first value; the cyclic shift adopted by the first sequence is linearly related to the remainder of dividing the first value by a target integer; the target integer is equal to the number of subcarriers included in a resource block occupied by the target signaling; the second parameter is related to the format adopted by the target signaling, and the third parameter is related to the time domain resources occupied by the first sequence.

28. The method in the second node according to any one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that: The format adopted by the target signaling is at least one of format 0 or format 1.

Images