SIW End-Fire Antenna and Electronic Device with the Same

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a SIW end-fire antenna and an electronic device having the same. The SIW end-fire antenna includes: a dielectric substrate, a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a plurality of first metallized holes, a plurality of second metallized holes, and a feeding metallized hole. The dielectric substrate includes a metal layer between a first surface and a second surface; each of the first metallized holes penetrates through the dielectric substrate and the first metal plate, and the contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes has an opening with a gradually expanding shape; each of the second metallized holes penetrates through the first metal plate, and each of the second metallized holes extends to the metal layer through the first surface, and the plurality of second metallized holes form an annular contour; the feeding metallized hole penetrates through the second metal plate, and the feeding metallized hole extends into the dielectric substrate through the second surface, and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate, the aperture of the feeding metallized hole gradually increases. By the present invention, the problem of poor antenna performance in the low-frequency band existing in the related art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antennas, and particularly to a SIW end-fire antenna and an electronic device having the same. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a device for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. In the prior art, a slot antenna is usually used to meet the requirements of signal transmission and reception in the low-frequency band. A slot antenna is an antenna formed by opening a slot on a conductor surface, also known as a slotted antenna. For example, in common wireless display products, conference tablets, etc., the WIFI in the 5GHz radio wave band using the 802.11ac protocol is usually applied, and the antennas used in these devices are usually slot antennas.

[0003] However, the slot antenna has obvious defects. Its main radiation direction is below the device, and its radiation ability in the front of the device is weak, resulting in poor antenna performance. Moreover, when it is applied to a relatively harsh wireless environment (such as a metal environment, an in-wall installation environment), its antenna performance will become very poor.

[0004] Although there are end-fire antennas based on SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) technology in the related art, SIW end-fire antennas are generally applied in higher frequency bands above 6GHz and cannot be used in low-frequency bands below 6GHz.

[0005] Therefore, there is a problem of poor antenna performance in the low-frequency band in the prior art, and no effective solution has been proposed for the above problems.

[0006] The above information disclosed in the background art section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background art of the technology described in this article. Therefore, the background art may contain certain information that is not known to those skilled in the art as the existing prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Embodiments of the present invention provide a SIW end-fire antenna and an electronic device having the same, so as to at least solve the problem of poor antenna performance in the low-frequency band existing in the related art.

[0008] According to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a SIW end-fire antenna is provided, including: a dielectric substrate having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, the dielectric substrate including a metal layer between the first surface and the second surface; a first metal plate attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate; a second metal plate attached to the second surface of the dielectric substrate; a plurality of first metallization holes, each of the first metallization holes penetrating through the dielectric substrate and the first metal plate, and the contour formed by the plurality of first metallization holes has an opening with a gradually expanding size; a plurality of second metallization holes, each of the second metallization holes penetrating through the first metal plate, and each of the second metallization holes extending to the metal layer through the first surface, and the plurality of second metallization holes form an annular contour; a feeding metallization hole, the feeding metallization hole penetrating through the second metal plate, the feeding metallization hole extending into the dielectric substrate through the second surface, and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate, the aperture of the feeding metallization hole gradually increases.

[0009] Optionally, the feeding metallization hole has a plurality of hole segments, and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate, the apertures of the plurality of hole segments increase in sequence; or, the feeding metallization hole is a tapered hole, and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate, the aperture of the tapered hole gradually increases.

[0010] Optionally, the annular contour includes two first hole groups spaced apart in a first direction, the opening is disposed in a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the plurality of second metallization holes belonging to each first hole group are arranged in sequence in the second direction.

[0011] Optionally, the annular contour further includes two second hole groups spaced apart in the first direction, the plurality of second metallization holes belonging to each second hole group are arranged in sequence in the second direction, wherein the first hole groups and the second hole groups are arranged in sequence in the second direction, and a first distance L1 between the two first hole groups is not equal to a second distance L2 between the two second hole groups.

[0012] Optionally, the second distance L2 is less than the first distance L1.

[0013] Optionally, the annular contour includes two hole groups spaced apart in a first direction, the opening is disposed in a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the plurality of second metallization holes belonging to each hole group are arranged in a straight line or in an arc, wherein, along the second direction, the distance between the two hole groups gradually decreases.

[0014] Optionally, the contour formed by a plurality of first metallization holes includes an arc segment, two mutually parallel first horizontal segments, two expansion segments, and two second horizontal segments. The first ends of the two first horizontal segments are connected to the two ends of the arc segment in a one-to-one correspondence. The first ends of the two expansion segments are connected to the second ends of the two first horizontal segments in a one-to-one correspondence. One ends of the two second horizontal segments are connected to the second ends of the two expansion segments in a one-to-one correspondence. Wherein, the distance between the first ends of the two expansion segments is less than the distance between the second ends of the two expansion segments.

[0015] Optionally, the dielectric substrate includes: a plurality of mutually parallel substrates; a plurality of insulating layers, with one insulating layer disposed between any two adjacent substrates, and the insulating layer connects the adjacent two substrates; wherein, the metal layer is disposed on the surface of one of the plurality of substrates.

[0016] Optionally, the number of substrates is four, the number of insulating layers is three, the metal layer is disposed on the first surface of the first target substrate, the first target substrate is the second substrate in the direction from the first metal plate to the second metal plate, and the first surface of the first target substrate is the surface of the first target substrate close to the first metal plate.

[0017] Optionally, the feeding metallization hole extends to the first surface of the second target substrate, the second target substrate is the third substrate in the direction from the first metal plate to the second metal plate, and the first surface of the second target substrate is the surface of the second target substrate close to the first metal plate.

[0018] Optionally, the material of the substrate is S7136H, and the thickness range of the substrate is from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm; the insulating layer is a PP layer, and the thickness range of the insulating layer is from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm.

[0019] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the substrate is greater than 2.5.

[0020] According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device is further provided. The electronic device includes an antenna component, and the antenna component is the above-mentioned SIW end-fire antenna.

[0021] Optionally, the electronic device further includes a first metal component and a second metal component. The antenna component is disposed between the first metal component and the second metal component. The plate surface of the first metal plate of the antenna component faces the first metal component, and the plate surface of the second metal plate of the antenna component faces the second metal component.

[0022] The SIW end-fire antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a dielectric substrate, a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a plurality of first metallized holes, a plurality of second metallized holes, and a feed metallized hole. The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The dielectric substrate includes a metal layer, and the metal layer is between the first surface and the second surface. The first metal plate is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate. The second metal plate is attached to the second surface of the dielectric substrate. Each of the first metallized holes penetrates through the dielectric substrate and the first metal plate, and the contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes has an opening that gradually expands. Each of the second metallized holes penetrates through the first metal plate, and each of the second metallized holes extends to the metal layer through the first surface. The plurality of second metallized holes form an annular contour. The feed metallized hole penetrates through the second metal plate, and the feed metallized hole extends into the dielectric substrate through the second surface. Along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate, the aperture of the feed metallized hole gradually increases. By designing a plurality of second metallized holes that enclose an annular contour, which together with the metal layer form a structure similar to a ridge, the design of the metal ridge structure and the feed metallized hole with a gradually increasing aperture jointly play a role in matching the impedance between the antenna and the air section, realizing good impedance matching between the antenna and the air section. This can reduce the reflection amount of low-frequency signals between the antenna and the air section, thereby reducing the return loss of the antenna in the low-frequency band, enabling the SIW end-fire antenna to be better applicable to the low-frequency band. After the SIW end-fire antenna with this structural design is applied to the low-frequency band, compared with the slot antenna applied to the low-frequency band in the prior art, on the basis of ensuring a low profile, the anti-metallic property of the antenna is effectively improved. The antenna contour similar to a horn formed by a plurality of first metallized holes is also beneficial to enhancing the radiation ability of the antenna in the forward direction and improving the antenna performance. The design of the metal ridge structure can also reduce the cut-off frequency of the main mode and increase the cut-off frequency of the higher-order modes, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the waveguide. Therefore, the performance of the low-frequency band antenna is significantly improved, enabling the antenna to be better applicable to more severe wireless environments such as metal environments and in-wall environments. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a top-view structural schematic diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the feeding metallization hole of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 S11 return loss diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Radiation pattern of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram when the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is installed in a metallic environment;

[0031] Figure 8 S11 return loss diagram when the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is installed in a metallic environment;

[0032] Figure 9 Radiation pattern when the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is installed in a metallic environment.

[0033] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0034] 1, dielectric substrate; 101, metal layer; 11, substrate; 12, insulating layer; 2, first metal plate; 3, second metal plate; 4, first metallization hole; 41, arc segment; 42, first horizontal segment; 43, expansion segment; 44, second horizontal segment; 5, second metallization hole; 51, first hole group; 52, second hole group; 6, feeding metallization hole; 61, hole segment; 100, first metal component; 200, second metal component; 300, antenna component. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0037] As Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a SIW end-fire antenna, which includes: a dielectric substrate 1, a first metal plate 2, a second metal plate 3, a plurality of first metallized holes 4, a plurality of second metallized holes 5, and a feeding metallized hole 6. The dielectric substrate 1 has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The dielectric substrate 1 includes a metal layer 101, and the metal layer 101 is located between the first surface and the second surface. The first metal plate 2 is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The second metal plate 3 is attached to the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Each of the first metallized holes 4 penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 and the first metal plate 2, and the contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes 4 has an opening with a gradually expanding shape. Each of the second metallized holes 5 penetrates through the first metal plate 2, and each of the second metallized holes 5 extends to the metal layer 101 through the first surface. The plurality of second metallized holes 5 form an annular contour. The feeding metallized hole 6 penetrates through the second metal plate 3, and the feeding metallized hole 6 extends into the dielectric substrate 1 through the second surface. Along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate 1, the aperture of the feeding metallized hole 6 gradually increases. By designing a plurality of second metallized holes 5 that form an annular contour, which together with the metal layer 101 form a structure similar to a ridge. The design of the metal ridge structure and the feeding metallized hole 6 with a gradually increasing aperture jointly play a role in matching the impedance between the antenna and the air section, achieving a good impedance match between the antenna and the air section. This can reduce the reflection amount of low-frequency signals between the antenna and the air section, thereby reducing the return loss of the antenna in the low-frequency band, enabling the SIW end-fire antenna to be better applicable to the low-frequency band. After the SIW end-fire antenna with this structural design is applied to the low-frequency band, compared with the slot antenna applied to the low-frequency band in the prior art, it effectively improves the anti-metal property of the antenna on the basis of ensuring a low profile. The antenna contour similar to a horn formed by the plurality of first metallized holes 4 is also beneficial to improving the radiation ability of the antenna in the direct front direction and enhancing the antenna performance. The design of the metal ridge structure can also reduce the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode and increase the cut-off frequency of the higher-order modes, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the waveguide. Therefore, the performance of the low-frequency band antenna is significantly improved, enabling the antenna to be better applicable to more harsh wireless environments such as metal environments and in-wall environments.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the first surface is parallel to the second surface, the first metal plate 2 is parallel to the second metal plate 3, the first metallized hole 4 is perpendicular to the first surface, the second surface, the first metal plate and the second metal plate, the second metallized hole 5 is perpendicular to the first surface, the second surface, the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and the feeding metallized hole 6 is perpendicular to the first surface, the second surface, the first metal plate and the second metal plate. The contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes 4 has an opening with a gradually expanding shape, which means that the opening as a whole is in an expanding form, and there may be horizontal segments or contracting segments therein, rather than saying that it must always remain expanding. The contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes 4 refers to the contour formed by connecting the plurality of first metallized holes 4 in sequence, or the contour of the arrangement track of the plurality of first metallized holes 4. It should be noted that any two first metallized holes 4 are spaced apart from each other rather than being connected to each other. The above metal environment may be that the metal covers a part or all of the SIW end-fire antenna, thereby deteriorating the conditions for the emission and reception of radio waves. The plurality of second metallized holes 5 form an annular contour, that is, the plurality of second metallized holes 5 are spaced along an annular track, and connecting the plurality of second metallized holes 5 in sequence can form a closed ring. It should be noted that the above annular contour does not refer to a circular contour, and its specific shape can be various.

[0039] As the name implies, the above first metallized hole 4 and second metallized hole 5 are both metallized holes. Metallized hole means hole metallization, which refers to electroplating a thin layer of copper on the inner wall of a mechanical hole between different layers of a printed circuit board through a chemical reaction to make the different layers electrically conductive.

[0040] Optionally, the feeding metallized hole 6 has a plurality of hole segments 61, and along the direction of penetrating into the dielectric substrate 1, the diameters of the plurality of hole segments 61 increase in sequence; or, the feeding metallized hole 6 is a tapered hole, and along the direction of penetrating into the dielectric substrate 1, the diameter of the tapered hole gradually increases.

[0041] Such as Figure 4As shown, in an alternative embodiment, the feeding metallized hole 6 has a plurality of hole segments 61. That is to say, the feeding metallized hole 6 is a stepped hole. Along the direction of penetrating into the dielectric substrate 1, the aperture of the feeding metallized hole 6 gradually increases. During the processing, it only needs to respectively open holes with corresponding apertures in the corresponding plate parts and stack the plates together. This is beneficial to facilitating the processing of the feeding metallized hole 6 and can ensure the impedance matching effect. In another alternative embodiment, the feeding metallized hole 6 is a tapered hole. In this way, along the direction of penetrating into the dielectric substrate 1, the aperture of the feeding metallized hole 6 increases uniformly. Although the processing of the inverted tapered hole is difficult for the feeding metallized hole 6 with this structural design, it can maximize the antenna impedance matching effect and minimize the return loss of the antenna in the low-frequency band, thereby maximizing the application effect of the SIW end-fire antenna in the low-frequency band.

[0042] Specifically, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the annular profile includes two first hole groups 51 spaced along a first direction, with the openings facing the second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. A plurality of second metallized holes 5 belonging to each first hole group 51 are arranged in sequence along the second direction. That is to say, the first hole group 51 includes a plurality of second metallized holes 5 arranged in sequence along the second direction, and the two first hole groups 51 are spaced along the first direction. The ridge structure formed by combining the arrangement of the second metallized holes 5 with this structural design and the metal layer 101 extends along the horn opening direction, that is, its extension direction is the same as the electromagnetic wave emission direction. This can better adjust the impedance, so that the SIW end-fire antenna performs better in the low-frequency band.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the annular profile further includes two second hole groups 52 spaced along the first direction. A plurality of second metallized holes 5 belonging to each second hole group 52 are arranged in sequence along the second direction. Among them, the first hole group 51 and the second hole group 52 are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and the first distance L1 between the two first hole groups 51 is not equal to the second distance L2 between the two second hole groups 52.

[0044] That is to say, the annular contour further includes a second hole group 52 arranged in the same way as the two first hole groups 51. The first hole group 51 and the second hole group 52 are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and they can be spaced apart from each other or adjacent to each other. Moreover, the distance between the two first hole groups 51 is different from the distance between the two second hole groups 52. After adopting this arrangement form, the overall performance shows that the contour formed by the second metallized holes 5 includes two pairs of parallel sides formed by the second metallized holes 5, but the distances between the paired sides are different. In this way, a tapered ridge waveguide is formed between the second metallized holes 5 and the metal surface. The so-called taper means the gradual change of the distance along the first direction between the corresponding pairs of hole groups. Along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, the width inside the ridge waveguide gradually changes, which can gradually adjust the impedance, so as to more smoothly realize the impedance matching between the antenna and the air section, ensure the propagation effect of the electromagnetic wave. As the number of tapers increases, the impedance matching effect of the antenna will be better, so that it can be better adapted to the use in the low-frequency band. The apertures of the second metallized holes 5 belonging to different rows can be the same or different. Of course, the annular contour is not limited to two pairs of hole groups. Under the condition of permission, it can include more pairs of hole groups. For example, the annular contour can further include two third hole groups. The first hole group 51, the second hole group 52, and the third hole group are arranged in sequence along the second direction. The distances between the two first hole groups 51, the distances between the two second hole groups 52, and the distances between the two third hole groups are all unequal. In this way, the antenna impedance can be better matched, and further improve the performance of the SIW end-fire antenna in the low-frequency band.

[0045] In this embodiment, the second distance L2 is less than the first distance L1. In this way, along the second direction of the horn opening, the distance between the two groups of second metallized holes 5 changes from wide to narrow. By adopting this structure with a gradually decreasing width, the gradual change of impedance can be realized, which is beneficial to make the electromagnetic wave propagate more smoothly from the high-impedance SIW end-fire antenna to the low-impedance air section, thereby reducing the return loss and meeting the use of the SIW end-fire antenna in the low-frequency band.

[0046] In another preferred embodiment, the annular contour includes two hole groups arranged at intervals along the first direction, with the opening facing the second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The multiple second metallized holes 5 belonging to each hole group are arranged in a straight line or an arc. Among them, along the second direction, the distance between the two hole groups gradually decreases. After adopting this structural design, along the second direction, the distance between the two hole groups smoothly transitions from wide to narrow, so that the impedance can be more smoothly reduced to the level matching the external air section. In this way, the electromagnetic wave can be more smooth during the propagation from the antenna to the air, and the return loss of the low-frequency band electromagnetic wave can be further reduced.

[0047] At least part of the second metallized holes 5 are located inside the opening, and / or, the feeding metallized holes 6 are located inside the opening.

[0048] By disposing the second metallization holes 5 and / or the feeding metallization holes 6 within the opening, not only can the antenna space be fully utilized, but also this way of arranging the opening positions is more conducive to achieving the impedance matching of the antenna, thereby improving the adaptation effect of the antenna to the low-frequency band.

[0049] Specifically, the contour formed by multiple first metallization holes 4 includes an arc segment 41, two mutually parallel first horizontal segments 42, two expansion segments 43, and two mutually parallel second horizontal segments 44. The first ends of the two first horizontal segments 42 are respectively connected to the two ends of the arc segment 41. The first ends of the two expansion segments 43 are respectively connected to the second ends of the two first horizontal segments 42. One ends of the two second horizontal segments 44 are respectively connected to the second ends of the two expansion segments 43. Among them, the distance between the first ends of the two expansion segments 43 is less than the distance between the second ends of the two expansion segments 43.

[0050] Through the applicant's practice, it is found that adopting this special horn shape formed by arranging the arc segment 41, the first horizontal segment 42, the expansion segment 43, and the second horizontal segment 44 can greatly improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Compared with horn-shaped antennas of other structural forms, it can make the electromagnetic waves emitted by the SIW end-fire antenna propagate more concentratedly in the target direction, thereby improving the antenna performance and enabling the antenna to better adapt to use in some wireless environments with poor conditions, such as all-metal devices, wall-mounted devices, etc.

[0051] The dielectric substrate 1 includes: multiple mutually parallel substrates 11; multiple insulating layers 12, and one insulating layer 12 is disposed between any two adjacent substrates 11, and the insulating layer 12 connects the two adjacent substrates 11; among them, the metal layer 101 is disposed on the surface of one of the multiple substrates 11.

[0052] By adopting the structure of using multiple mutually parallel substrates 11 in cooperation with multiple insulating layers 12 to form the dielectric substrate 1, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 can be conveniently and effectively expanded, solving the problem that the performance of the SIW antenna is affected by the material thickness limitation. When the thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 becomes larger, the antenna has a greater thickness, and the SIW end-fire antenna can better adapt to lower frequency bands, replacing other types of antennas for use, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the antenna and improving the versatility of the SIW end-fire antenna. Moreover, when processing the feeding metallization holes 6 on the dielectric substrate 1 designed with a stacked plate structure, holes of corresponding sizes can be respectively processed for a single substrate 11 and the insulating layer 12. Compared with the dielectric substrate 1 designed with an integral structure, it effectively facilitates the processing operation of the feeding metallization holes 6 with varying sizes.

[0053] Specifically, the number of substrates 11 is four, the number of insulating layers 12 is three, the metal layer 101 is disposed on the first surface of the first target substrate, the first target substrate is the second substrate 11 in the direction from the first metal plate 2 to the second metal plate 3, and the first surface of the first target substrate is the surface of the first target substrate close to the first metal plate 2.

[0054] In this embodiment, the applicant designs the number of substrates 11 to be four. Correspondingly, the number of insulating layers 12 is three, and the metal layer 101 is disposed on the first surface of the first target substrate. It is found through practice that by adopting this setting method, it is possible to well balance the manufacturing difficulty of the dielectric substrate 1 and the adaptability of the antenna in the low-frequency band, making the antenna easier to process and having better performance in the low-frequency band, which has high practical value. For the convenience of processing, in this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 adopts an eight-layer board structure design, that is, copper foils are covered on both the upper and lower surfaces of the four substrates 11. In this way, the copper foil on the first surface of the first target substrate can be used as the metal layer 101, and the copper foil on the second surface thereof and the copper foils on the respective surfaces of the other substrates 11 can be partially or completely etched away, as Figure 1 shown, Figure 1 There are respectively a small rectangular component on the upper and lower sides of the right corner of the insulating layer 12 located at the top. This small rectangular component is the part left after the corresponding copper foil is etched. Similarly, there is also a small rectangular component on the lower side of the right corner of the insulating layer 12 located at the bottom, which is also the part left after the corresponding copper foil is etched. This reserved copper foil part can ensure the smooth lamination of the dielectric substrate 1 during processing.

[0055] Specifically, the feeding metallized hole 6 extends to the first surface of the second target substrate. The second target substrate is the third substrate 11 in the direction from the first metal plate 2 to the second metal plate 3, and the first surface of the second target substrate is the surface of the second target substrate close to the first metal plate 2.

[0056] For the dielectric substrate 1 formed by stacking four substrates 11, the feeding metallized hole 6 extends to the first surface of the second target substrate, and the second target substrate is the third substrate 11 in the direction from the first metal plate 2 to the second metal plate 3. This feeding metallized hole 6 with such a depth design can, on the basis of realizing the feeding function, further reduce the return loss of the SIW end-fire antenna when operating in the low-frequency band and better realize the impedance matching of the antenna. It is found through practice that this structural design can make the end-fire antenna better applicable to the low-frequency band environment, thereby improving the antenna performance.

[0057] Preferably, the substrate 11 is made of S7136H with a dielectric constant above 3.4, and the thickness of the substrate 11 ranges from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm; the insulating layer 12 is a PP layer (polypropylene layer), and the thickness of the insulating layer 12 ranges from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm. In a specific embodiment, the size of the SIW end-fire antenna is 60.51 mm * 45.26 mm * 4.71 mm, the diameter of the first metallized hole 4 is 0.5 mm, among the multiple second metallized holes 5, the hole diameter of the first hole group 51 is 0.32 mm, the hole diameter of the second hole group 52 is 0.35 mm, the thickness of the substrate 11 is 1.034 mm, and the thickness of the PP layer is 0.096 mm. Of course, this is only a preferred embodiment of the structural dimensions of the SIW end-fire antenna, but the selection of the specific structural dimensions of the antenna is not limited to this size.

[0058] Specifically, the dielectric constant of the substrate 11 is greater than 2.5. In actual implementation, the larger the dielectric constant of the material used for the substrate 11, the better the adaptation effect of the fabricated SIW end-fire antenna to the low-frequency band, and the smaller the actual required thickness of the dielectric matrix 1. The design thickness of the dielectric matrix 1 can be determined according to the design requirements, and then a suitable material can be selected to satisfy the substrate 11.

[0059] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the test results of the SIW end-fire antenna in the S11 return loss aspect and the single-antenna radiation direction aspect of the embodiment with the above structural design are as shown in the figure. Figure 5 is the S11 return loss diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention. In the frequency band from 5.43 GHz to 5.60 GHz, the standing wave is less than -5 dB. The return loss S11 is the reflection coefficient of the antenna, which reflects the ratio relationship between the reflected power and the input power. The smaller S11 is, the better. The standing wave bandwidth generally takes the absolute frequency value of S11 < -10 dB as the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna. Generally, the larger the standing wave bandwidth, the better. Figure 6 is the radiation pattern of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The radiation pattern is a graph that describes the dependence relationship between the intensity and direction (angle) of the radio waves emitted by the antenna or other signal sources. In Figure 6Among them, different types of curves represent the E-plane radiation of the antenna for electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Taking the forward +90° of the antenna for analysis, it can be seen that within the frequency band of 5.4 GHz - 5.7 GHz, the forward gain of the antenna is greater than 0 dBi. Specifically, at the frequency of 5.4025 GHz, the forward gain of the antenna is 1.1568 dBi; at the frequency of 5.5 GHz, the forward gain of the antenna is 3.5836 dBi; at the frequency of 5.605 GHz, the forward gain of the antenna is 2.5597 dBi; at the frequency of 5.7025 GHz, the forward gain of the antenna is 0.6375 dBi. It can be seen that the SIW end-fire antenna of the embodiment with the above structural design has good performance in terms of S11 return loss and the radiation direction of the single antenna.

[0060] In addition, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes an antenna component 300, and the antenna component 300 is the above-mentioned SIW end-fire antenna. Specifically, the electronic device can be various devices as long as the above-mentioned SIW end-fire antenna is applied. For example, it can be a wireless display screen, a conference tablet, and so on. Since the above-mentioned SIW end-fire antenna adopts the design of a metal ridge structure and a feed metallized hole 6 with gradually increasing aperture to match the impedance between the antenna and the air segment, it can be well applied to the signal transceiver of the electronic device in the low-frequency band. Due to the SIW end-fire antenna with the above structural design, its anti-metal property, radiation ability in the forward direction, bandwidth and other performances are better. Therefore, it can better meet the use in more severe wireless environments such as metal environments and in-wall environments.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the electronic device further includes: a first metal component 100 and a second metal component 200. The antenna component 300 is disposed between the first metal component 100 and the second metal component 200. The plate surface of the first metal plate 2 of the antenna component 300 faces the first metal component 100, and the plate surface of the second metal plate 3 of the antenna component 300 faces the second metal component 200. Since the SIW end-fire antenna with the above structural design is used as the antenna component 300 to replace the slot antenna, its anti-metal property is excellent, and it can still ensure good signal transceiver performance when applied between the first metal component 100 and the second metal component 200. In actual implementation, the first metal component 100 and the second metal component 200 can be any form of metal structure, such as a metal shell.

[0062] Such as Figure 7As shown, it shows a schematic diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna designed with the above structure when installed in a metallic environment. Its simple installation method is to place the antenna component 300 between two metallic components, which are the first metallic component 100 and the second metallic component 200 respectively. In this embodiment, the height of the first metallic component 100 is 800 mm, and the height of the second metallic component 200 is 20 mm.

[0063] As Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, when the SIW end-fire antenna of the embodiment designed with the above structure is installed in a metallic environment, the test results in terms of S11 return loss and the radiation pattern of the single antenna are as shown in the figure. Figure 8 is the S11 return loss diagram of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention when installed in a metallic environment. In the frequency band from 5.4 GHz to 5.65 GHz, the standing wave is less than -5 dB. The return loss S11, which is the reflection coefficient of the antenna, reflects the ratio relationship between the reflected power and the input power. The smaller S11 is, the better. The standing wave bandwidth generally takes the absolute frequency value of S11 < -10 dB, which is the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna. Generally, the larger the standing wave bandwidth is, the better. Figure 9 is the radiation pattern of the SIW end-fire antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention when installed in a metallic environment. The radiation pattern is a graph that describes the dependence relationship between the intensity and direction (angle) of the radio waves emitted by an antenna or other signal source. Similarly, in Figure 9 it, different types of curves represent the E-plane radiation of the antenna for electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Taking the antenna forward +90° for analysis, it can be seen that in the frequency band from 5.2 GHz to 6 GHz, the forward gain of the antenna is greater than 0 dBi. Specifically, at the 5.2 GHz frequency band, the forward gain of the antenna is 4.7752 dBi; at the 5.4025 GHz frequency band, the forward gain of the antenna is 9.6314 dBi; at the 5.5 GHz frequency band, the forward gain of the antenna is 10.4992 dBi; at the 5.605 GHz frequency band, the forward gain of the antenna is 10.0645 dBi; at the 6.0025 GHz frequency band, the forward gain of the antenna is 4.1408 dBi. It can be seen that when the SIW end-fire antenna of the embodiment designed with the above structure is installed in a metallic environment, it has good performance in terms of S11 return loss and the radiation pattern of the single antenna.

[0064] The SIW end-fire antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a dielectric substrate 1, a first metal plate 2, a second metal plate 3, a plurality of first metallized holes 4, a plurality of second metallized holes 5, and a feeding metallized hole 6. The dielectric substrate 1 has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The dielectric substrate 1 includes a metal layer 101, and the metal layer 101 is between the first surface and the second surface. The first metal plate 2 is attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The second metal plate 3 is attached to the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Each of the first metallized holes 4 penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 and the first metal plate 2, and the contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes 4 has an opening with a gradually expanding shape. Each of the second metallized holes 5 penetrates through the first metal plate 2, and each of the second metallized holes 5 extends to the metal layer 101 through the first surface. The plurality of second metallized holes 5 form an annular contour. The feeding metallized hole 6 penetrates through the second metal plate 3, and the feeding metallized hole 6 extends into the dielectric substrate 1 through the second surface. Along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate 1, the aperture of the feeding metallized hole 6 gradually increases. By designing a plurality of second metallized holes 5 that form an annular contour, which together with the metal layer 101 form a structure similar to a ridge, the design of the metal ridge structure and the feeding metallized hole 6 with a gradually increasing aperture jointly play a role in matching the impedance between the antenna and the air section, achieving good impedance matching between the antenna and the air section. This can reduce the reflection amount of low-frequency signals between the antenna and the air section, thereby reducing the return loss of the antenna in the low-frequency band, enabling the SIW end-fire antenna to be better applicable to the low-frequency band. After the SIW end-fire antenna with this structural design is applied to the low-frequency band, compared with the slot antenna applied to the low-frequency band in the prior art, on the basis of ensuring a low profile, the anti-metallic property of the antenna is effectively improved. The antenna contour similar to a horn formed by the plurality of first metallized holes 4 is also beneficial to enhancing the radiation ability of the antenna in the front direction and improving the antenna performance. The design of the metal ridge structure can also reduce the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode and increase the cut-off frequency of the higher-order modes, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the waveguide. Therefore, the performance of the low-frequency band antenna is significantly improved, enabling the antenna to be better applicable to more harsh wireless environments such as metal environments and in-wall environments.

[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "over", "on the upper surface", "upper" etc. can be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature shown in the figure with other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure for the device. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, the device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will then be positioned "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations should be made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0067] It should be noted that the terms used here are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used here, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or their combinations.

[0068] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these process, method, product or device.

[0069] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A SIW end-fire antenna, characterized in that, Comprising: A dielectric substrate (1), the dielectric substrate (1) having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, the dielectric substrate (1) including a metal layer (101), the metal layer (101) being interposed between the first surface and the second surface; A first metal plate (2), the first metal plate (2) being attached to the first surface of the dielectric substrate (1); A second metal plate (3), the second metal plate (3) being attached to the second surface of the dielectric substrate (1); A plurality of first metallized holes (4), each of the first metallized holes (4) penetrating through the dielectric substrate (1) and the first metal plate (2), the contour formed by the plurality of first metallized holes (4) having an opening with a gradually expanding shape; A plurality of second metallized holes (5), each of the second metallized holes (5) penetrating through the first metal plate (2), each of the second metallized holes (5) extending through the first surface to the metal layer (101), the plurality of second metallized holes (5) forming an annular contour; A feed metallized hole (6), the feed metallized hole (6) penetrating through the second metal plate (3), the feed metallized hole (6) extending through the second surface into the dielectric substrate (1), and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate (1), the aperture of the feed metallized hole (6) gradually increases; The dielectric substrate (1) includes: Four substrates (11); Three insulating layers (12), one of the insulating layers (12) being disposed between any two adjacent substrates (11), the insulating layer (12) connecting the two adjacent substrates (11); Wherein, the metal layer (101) is disposed on the first surface of a first target substrate, the first target substrate being the second substrate (11) in the direction from the first metal plate (2) to the second metal plate (3), and the first surface of the first target substrate being the surface of the first target substrate close to the first metal plate (2).

2. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, wherein The feed metallized hole (6) has a plurality of hole segments (61), and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate (1), the apertures of the plurality of hole segments (61) increase in sequence; Alternatively, the feed metallized hole (6) is a tapered hole, and along the direction of penetrating deeper into the dielectric substrate (1), the aperture of the tapered hole gradually increases.

3. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular contour includes two first hole groups (51) spaced apart in a first direction, the opening facing a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction, and the plurality of second metallized holes (5) belonging to each of the first hole groups (51) being arranged in sequence along the second direction.

4. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The annular contour further includes two second hole groups (52) spaced apart in the first direction, the plurality of second metallized holes (5) belonging to each of the second hole groups (52) being arranged in sequence along the second direction, wherein the first hole groups (51) and the second hole groups (52) are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and a first distance L1 between the two first hole groups (51) is not equal to a second distance L2 between the two second hole groups (52).

5. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second distance L2 is less than the first distance L1.

6. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The annular contour includes two sets of holes arranged at intervals in a first direction, the openings are arranged in a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and a plurality of the second metallization holes (5) belonging to each set of holes are arranged in a straight line or an arc. Wherein, along the second direction, the distance between the two sets of holes gradually decreases.

7. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contour formed by a plurality of the first metallization holes (4) includes an arc segment (41), two parallel first horizontal segments (42), two expansion segments (43), and two parallel second horizontal segments (44). The first ends of the two first horizontal segments (42) are respectively connected to the two ends of the arc segment (41) in a one-to-one correspondence. The first ends of the two expansion segments (43) are respectively connected to the second ends of the two first horizontal segments (42) in a one-to-one correspondence. One ends of the two second horizontal segments (44) are respectively connected to the second ends of the two expansion segments (43) in a one-to-one correspondence. Wherein, the distance between the first ends of the two expansion segments (43) is less than the distance between the second ends of the two expansion segments (43).

8. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding metallization hole (6) extends to the first surface of the second target substrate, and the second target substrate is the third substrate (11) in the direction from the first metal plate (2) to the second metal plate (3). The first surface of the second target substrate is the surface of the second target substrate close to the first metal plate (2).

9. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the substrate (11) is S7136H, and the thickness range of the substrate (11) is from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm; the insulating layer (12) is a PP layer, and the thickness range of the insulating layer (12) is from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm.

10. The SIW end-fire antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The dielectric constant of the substrate (11) is greater than 2.

5.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes an antenna component (300), and the antenna component (300) is the SIW end-fire antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein The electronic device further includes a first metal component (100) and a second metal component (200). The antenna component (300) is disposed between the first metal component (100) and the second metal component (200). The plate surface of the first metal plate (2) of the antenna component (300) faces the first metal component (100), and the plate surface of the second metal plate (3) of the antenna component (300) faces the second metal component (200).

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