An electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device with a high-current electron beam

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for a high-current electron beam. The device comprises: a high-frequency sinusoidal high-power transmission system comprising N-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers with compensation capacitors and a high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply compatible with the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers for power transmission; the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply is used to output a sinusoidal waveform; the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer comprises at least three stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer at the bottom end is connected to the output end of the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply; each stage of the transformer is provided with a compensation capacitor, leakage inductances within each stage of the transformer are phase-compensated by the compensation capacitor, and sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer at the top end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference for output; and an electron cooling system, wherein a portion of the power supply end is connected to the top end transformer, and another portion of the power supply end is connected to the N-stage high-voltage power supply implemented by isolated series connection of the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers, and electron cooling is achieved by the received power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-current electron cooling, in particular to an electron cooling high-power and high-voltage power supply device for a high-current electron beam. Background Art

[0002] When ion beams are injected into an accelerator, large beam energy dispersion and emittance can lead to rapid beam energy loss and failure to accumulate. Electron cooling technology can effectively reduce the emittance of the injected ion beam, converging the beam and improving beam quality in the storage ring.

[0003] Among known electronic cooling devices, most conventional methods use an integrated voltage-doubling rectifier high-voltage power supply as the cathode electric field establishment method. However, this method brings difficulties in high-voltage insulation, low power transmission efficiency, and the widespread voltage drop problem, which limits the effectiveness of electronic cooling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device with a high-current electron beam, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the power supply and overcome the problem of limited electron cooling effect.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a high-power, high-voltage power supply device for electron cooling of a high-current electron beam, comprising: a high-frequency, sinusoidal, high-power transmission system, comprising N-stage high-frequency, nanocrystalline cascade transformers with compensation capacitors and a high-power, high-frequency, sinusoidal power supply compatible with the high-frequency, high-frequency, and high-power transmission system; the high-power, high-frequency, sinusoidal power supply is configured to output a sinusoidal waveform as a power source at the bottom end; the high-frequency, nanocrystalline cascade transformer comprises at least three stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer at the bottom end is connected to the output end of the high-power, high-frequency, sinusoidal power supply; each stage of the transformer is provided with the compensation capacitor, and the leakage inductance within each stage of the transformer is phase-compensated by the compensation capacitor, so that the sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer at the top end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference and then output; an electronic cooling system, wherein one power supply end is connected to the top end transformer, and another power supply end is connected to the N-stage high-voltage power supply implemented by the isolated series connection of the high-frequency, nanocrystalline cascade transformers, so that electron cooling is achieved by the received power.

[0006] Furthermore, the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply includes a high-frequency current / voltage device zero-crossing commutation and a square wave sinusoidal conversion circuit;

[0007] The high-frequency current / voltage device zero-crossing commutation includes a three-phase AC source, an industrial frequency rectifier circuit, a phase-shifted full-bridge, a commutation device and a zero-crossing commutation structure; the three-phase AC source serves as the basic power source, and the three-phase AC passes through the industrial frequency rectifier circuit and the phase-shifted full-bridge in sequence, and the rectified DC voltage is amplitude-adjusted and transmitted to the zero-crossing commutation structure after passing through the commutation device. The voltage waveform after zero-crossing commutation is isolated by the isolation transformer T1 on the primary side voltage and then transmitted to the square wave sine conversion circuit, and the square wave sine conversion circuit realizes the output of quasi-sine wave.

[0008] Furthermore, the zero-crossing commutation mode implemented by the zero-crossing commutation structure is determined by the device selection according to the different power conditions, and the device is turned on when the current crosses zero or when the voltage crosses zero during the zero-crossing commutation process.

[0009] Furthermore, the square wave sine conversion circuit jointly analyzes the characteristic curve of the corresponding amplitude gain and frequency relationship of the dual resonance points or multiple resonance points formed by the overall power supply structure based on the electrical parameters and parasitic parameters under the zero-crossing commutation structure of the previous stage, and sets parameters based on the characteristic curve.

[0010] Furthermore, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer is arranged in a sealed structure, the primary and secondary sides of each transformer are provided with compensation capacitors, and the coil winding of the transformer adopts high-frequency Litz wire.

[0011] Furthermore, the coil winding of the transformer is uniformly wound; a cooling medium is provided in the sealing structure, and the transformer is placed in the cooling medium.

[0012] Furthermore, the electron cooling system includes an electron gun anode power supply, a gate power supply, and a collector power supply of a collector connected to the highest-end transformer, wherein the anode power supply, the gate power supply, and the collector power supply all adopt a voltage-doubling rectifier structure; a cathode high-voltage power supply of the hot cathode electron gun is connected to an N-level high-voltage power supply, wherein each level of the high-voltage power supply adopts a positive HV and a negative HV in series to achieve a -2HV high-voltage output; by connecting a high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger thyristor series module in parallel at the output end of each level of the positive and negative high-voltage power supply, the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun is quickly released from the high end to the bottom end, thereby achieving a rapid change of the electric field and combining with the output control of the high-voltage power supply at each level to realize a deceleration mode of electron cooling.

[0013] Furthermore, the positive HV and the negative HV are respectively connected to the two ends of the thyristor series module, and the thyristor series module includes a plurality of thyristors connected in series, high-voltage resistors and capacitors, transient voltage suppressor diodes, magnetic coupling pairs, light-triggered pulsers and high-voltage resistors;

[0014] The cathode of a single thyristor connected in series is connected to the anode of the previous thyristor, and finally connected to the negative HV; the anode of a single thyristor connected in series is connected to the cathode of the next thyristor, and finally connected to the positive HV;

[0015] Each of the thyristors is connected in parallel with a high-voltage resistor and a transient voltage suppressor diode, the high-voltage resistor and the capacitor serve as a high-speed bootstrap circuit, and the transient voltage suppressor diode serves as a thyristor protection device; the high-voltage resistor is connected in series between adjacent thyristors, and the high-voltage resistor serves as an AC path after each thyristor is turned on, quickly releasing the positive HV and negative HV terminal charges;

[0016] The magnetic coupling pair is connected to the control gate of the thyristor connected to the negative HV, and the optical trigger pulser performs isolated magnetic coupling triggering on the thyristor via the magnetic coupling pair.

[0017] Furthermore, the high-voltage resistor-capacitor series structure arranged between the control gate and cathode of the series-connected thyristors forms a bootstrap circuit, and a light-triggered pulser is used to control the light-transmitted control pulse. This pulse can transmit a driving pulse to the thyristor in a magnetic field coupling manner through the magnetic coupling pair. This pulse signal will connect all the bootstrap circuits at the same time, so that each of the thyristors in the thyristor series module is in the on state, thereby realizing the deceleration mode.

[0018] Furthermore, the electron cooling system further comprises an electron deflection plate and a magnetic field track coil; the electron deflection plates are both provided on the upper part of the collector and the electron gun, the two electron deflection plates have opposite polarities and the same absolute potential; the magnetic field track coil is provided between the two electron deflection plates;

[0019] The two electron deflection plates are used to complete the orbit correction of the electron beam, and the magnetic field orbit coil is used to maintain a cooling state during the process of emitting in parallel with the ion beam, thereby realizing electron cooling.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0021] 1. The positive and negative power supply structure adopted in the present invention can obtain a higher potential rise within the minimum number of stages, achieve a high voltage output of more than megavolts within a smaller number of stages, improve the transmission efficiency of the power supply and reduce the height of the cascade structure.

[0022] 2. The high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling triggered thyristor series module adopted by the present invention needs to select the number of thyristors in series according to the withstand voltage of a single thyristor due to the difference in potential, high voltage level and high voltage output position. The high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling triggering method is used between the thyristors in series to achieve synchronous triggering and release of charge to enable them to quickly enter the electronic cooling deceleration mode.

[0023] 3. The coil windings of the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer of the present invention are uniformly wound, which can ensure the consistency of leakage inductance of each stage of the cascade transformer, and improve the stability by increasing the compensation capacitance, and further reduce the inter-stage error loss in the power transmission process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing accelerator high-voltage power supply device;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-power, high-voltage power supply device for electron cooling with a high-current electron beam according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-speed bootstrap magnetically coupled triggered thyristor series module in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a high-power, high-frequency, sinusoidal power supply structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a zero-crossing commutation waveform diagram in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a three-stage embodiment of a high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer with compensation capacitors in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a side view of an embodiment of a power transmission portion of a high-current electron beam electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a top view of an embodiment of a power transmission portion of a high-current electron beam electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0034] The most common high voltage power supply currently used is a single voltage doubler rectifier high voltage power supply (such as Figure 1 As shown), a high-frequency or industrial-frequency AC power transmission 17 is used as the overall power source, and an isolation transformer 19 is used to provide isolation protection for the rear-end voltage-doubling rectifier circuit 20 and isolated power transmission of the high-end power supply. This type of high-voltage power supply is mainly used in situations where the high-voltage control accuracy is low. Due to the use of a voltage-doubling method, the output of a single voltage-doubling rectifier high-voltage power supply cannot be accurately controlled due to voltage drops and multi-stage diodes and capacitors connected in series and parallel. However, the output accuracy of the latest high-current electronic cooling high-voltage power supply requires at least one ten-thousandth of ripple, so the conventional single voltage-doubling rectifier high-voltage power supply cannot be used in electronic cooling high-voltage situations.

[0035] Currently, high-voltage power supply devices in the accelerator field are often used in low-power situations of electron accelerators, so they often adopt a structure of cascade transformers in series. However, due to the simple series connection of cascade transformers and the use of industrial frequency power transmission, the size of the power supply cannot be miniaturized. At the same time, in the multi-stage power transmission process, the magnetic loss of the transformer is not compensated, resulting in extremely low overall efficiency. After the number of series stages exceeds 5, the top efficiency is often less than 50%. After the 10th stage, the power cannot be transmitted normally to the highest level, and electron cooling of the high-current electron beam cannot be achieved.

[0036] During the electron cooling process, the cathode high voltage of the electron gun needs to reach hundreds of kilovolts to megavolts to achieve high-current electron beam emission, while the recovery of the electron beam also requires the collector power to reach more than 10 kilowatt-hours. In this case, conventional cascade transformers in series and single voltage-doubling rectifier power transmission cannot be achieved.

[0037] The present invention provides an electron-cooled, high-power, high-voltage power supply device for generating a high-current electron beam. The device comprises a high-frequency, sinusoidal, high-power transmission system, a high-voltage power supply for a collector that recovers the high-power electron beam, and high-voltage power supplies for each pole of a hot cathode electron gun that emits the electron beam. The high-frequency, sinusoidal, high-power transmission system includes two components: an N-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer with compensation capacitors and a high-frequency, sinusoidal power supply compatible with the power transmission system. The high-voltage power supply for the collector pole of the high-power collector and the high-voltage power supplies for the anode, gate, and other high-end hot cathode electron guns utilize a voltage-doubling rectifier structure. The cathode high-voltage power supply for the hot cathode electron gun utilizes N-stage high-voltage power supplies isolated and connected in series via a high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer. Each high-voltage power supply stage utilizes a positive high-voltage doubler rectifier (HV) and a negative high-voltage doubler rectifier (-HV) connected in series to achieve a -2HV high-voltage output. By connecting a high-speed, self-bootstrapping, magnetically coupled, triggered thyristor series module in parallel at the output ends of each positive and negative high-voltage power supply stage, the hot cathode electron gun cathode charge is rapidly released from the high end to the low end, achieving rapid changes in the electric field. This, combined with the high-voltage output control of each stage, enables a deceleration mode for electron cooling. The high-voltage power supply device and deceleration mode implementation method can achieve high-voltage output exceeding megavolts. By matching the resonant frequency of a multi-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer with compensation capacitors, the high-frequency sinusoidal power supply can effectively transmit sinusoidal power to the highest stage of the cascade transformer at a specific frequency. The deceleration mode method can generate millisecond / hundred-kilovolt electric field changes, thereby emitting a high-current electron beam with high speed variation. This invention enables the development of a new generation of high-current electron cooling physics experiments on accelerators.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, a high-power high-voltage power supply device for electron cooling with a high-current electron beam is provided. In this embodiment, Figure 2 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown, the device includes:

[0039] A high-frequency sinusoidal high-power transmission system includes N high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers 10 with compensation capacitors 9 and a high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply 14 compatible with the power transmission. The high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply 14 is used to output a sinusoidal waveform as a power source at the bottom end. The high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 includes at least three cascade transformers, with the input end of the transformer at the bottom end connected to the output end of the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply 14. Each transformer stage is provided with a compensation capacitor 9. The compensation capacitor 9 is used to phase-compensate the leakage inductance within each transformer stage. This allows the cascade transformers at each stage to be equivalent to a pure resistive load at a specific frequency during the process of sinusoidal power transmission from bottom to top. The sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer at the top end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference and then output.

[0040] The electronic cooling system has one power supply end connected to the highest-end transformer, and another power supply end connected to an N-level high-voltage power supply realized by isolating and connecting the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 in series, so that the complete electronic cooling process is realized by the received power.

[0041] In the above-described embodiment, due to the upper limit of the switching frequency of current power electronic devices, conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation cannot achieve high-power, high-frequency sinusoidal output. In this embodiment, the high-power, high-frequency sinusoidal power supply 14 is capable of achieving ultra-low power consumption sinusoidal waveform output at a specific frequency. The front-end of the power supply utilizes zero-crossing commutation to reduce power losses and improve efficiency, while the back-end of the power supply utilizes a square-wave to sine conversion circuit to achieve quasi-sinusoidal output.

[0042] like Figure 2 、 Figure 4 As shown, the high-power, high-frequency sinusoidal power supply 14 includes a high-frequency current / voltage device zero-crossing commutation 15 and a square-wave sinusoidal conversion circuit 16. The high-frequency current / voltage device zero-crossing commutation 15 comprises a three-phase AC source 28, a power frequency rectifier circuit 29, a phase-shifted full bridge 30, a commutation device 31, and a zero-crossing commutation structure 32. The three-phase AC source 28 serves as the primary power source. After the three-phase AC passes through the power frequency rectifier circuit 29 and the phase-shifted full bridge 30, the power frequency rectifier circuit 29 reduces the power frequency radiation and conducted ripple interference that is difficult to remove at the rear end of the power supply. The phase-shifted full bridge 30 then amplitude-regulates the rectified DC voltage. The amplitude-regulated rectified DC voltage is then transmitted through the commutation device 31 to the zero-crossing commutation structure 32. The voltage waveform after zero-crossing commutation is isolated by the isolation transformer T1 on the primary side before being transmitted to the square-wave sinusoidal conversion circuit 16, which outputs a quasi-sinusoidal wave.

[0043] Among them, the zero-crossing commutation mode that can be achieved by the zero-crossing commutation structure 32 is determined according to the device selection used in different power conditions. The device that turns on when the current crosses zero or the device that turns on when the voltage crosses zero can be used during the zero-crossing commutation process. This zero-crossing commutation mode is necessary for power supplies that need to achieve high power transmission.

[0044] The square-wave-to-sine conversion circuit 16 must analyze the amplitude-gain-frequency characteristic curves of the dual or multi-resonant points formed by the overall power supply structure, based on the electrical parameters and parasitic parameters of the preceding zero-crossing commutation structure 32. This allows appropriate square-wave-to-sine conversion circuit parameters to be set for the lowest-frequency component of the square wave after zero-crossing commutation. It is important to note that the electrical and parasitic parameters of the preceding commutation inverter structure are also affected by the square-wave-to-sine conversion circuit being designed. This strong coupling cannot be simply achieved by isolation transformer T1; it requires comprehensive consideration based on the overall high-order structure. Otherwise, a quasi-sinusoidal waveform cannot be achieved.

[0045] In this embodiment, the commutation device 31 uses an insulated gate bipolar transistor or a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor to complete the commutation process with the zero-crossing commutation structure 32. The zero-crossing commutation structure 32 can use a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C2, or a combination of the first inductor L1, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2 to achieve different commutation functions. After the primary side voltage is isolated by the isolation transformer T1, the square wave sine conversion circuit 16 is used to achieve high-power, high-frequency sine output. The selection of the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, the fifth capacitor C5, the third inductor L3, the fourth inductor L4 and the fifth inductor L5 in the square wave sine conversion circuit 16 must not only consider the fundamental wave extraction method of the selected commutation frequency, but also the strong coupling between the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, the fifth capacitor C5, the third inductor L3, the fourth inductor L4 and the fifth inductor L5 in the square wave sine conversion circuit 16 and the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 in the zero-crossing commutation structure 32. The mutual influence between the zero-crossing commutation structure 32 and the square wave sine conversion circuit 16 cannot be completely solved by relying on the isolation transformer T1, and must be comprehensively considered in combination with the dual resonance points or multi-resonance points formed by the system. Otherwise, low power output cannot be achieved, and it is easy to burn out the commutation components due to heat during the commutation process. Figure 5 As shown, it is the zero-crossing commutation waveform implementation. θ Moment 1 is the zero-crossing commutation process of the system. In this process, the commutation device 31 is close to lossless commutation, achieving high-power and high-frequency sinusoidal output.

[0046] In the above embodiment, Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, a high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 is housed within a sealed structure 39. Compensation capacitors 9 are installed on the primary and secondary sides of each transformer stage. These capacitors form a characteristic impedance with the leakage inductance of each cascade transformer at a specific frequency, creating an equivalent pure resistance structure and enabling phase-invariant power conduction. Due to the skin effect at high frequencies, the transformer coil windings utilize high-frequency Litz wire 38. Litz wire is essential for high-power applications. The mutual insulation between the wires mitigates the problem of outer wire heating caused by the skin effect, improving transmission efficiency and extending the wire's service life.

[0047] The transformer has at least three coil windings, two of which are responsible for upstream and downstream power transmission, and the remaining winding is responsible for power transmission to the cathode power supply of each level of the hot cathode electron gun at the mid-range. Multiple windings can also be connected in parallel to increase upstream and downstream power transmission, which is suitable for high-power applications. If there are fewer windings, a full-turn uniform winding method should be used to reduce the leakage inductance of the cascaded transformer and improve transmission efficiency.

[0048] In this embodiment, the transformer may use other magnetic core materials suitable for different power and frequency conditions according to different rated power output conditions.

[0049] Preferably, the transformer coil windings are uniformly wound to ensure the consistency of leakage inductance across each stage of the cascaded transformer, improve stability under capacitor compensation, and further reduce inter-stage error losses during power transmission. A cooling medium is provided within the sealed structure 39, and the transformer is placed within the cooling medium. In this embodiment, the cooling medium can be transformer oil, cooling water, or cooling air, effectively preventing heat loss caused by the high current in the cascaded transformer during operation.

[0050] Each transformer housing is equipped with a first and second transmission plug-in 35 and 36. The first transmission plug-in 35 is a plug-in that connects the transformer to the external high-voltage terminal in series after it is sealed in transformer oil. Its sealing and insulation properties determine the high-voltage stability of the entire device. The second transmission plug-in 36 is the power source for the cathode high-voltage power supply of each hot cathode electron gun in the middle stage, transmitting power to the cathode high-voltage power supply.

[0051] In the above embodiment, in order to be applied in high-power applications, the transmission line of the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 must use high-frequency Litz wire.

[0052] In the above embodiment, the electron cooling system includes an electron gun 1 anode power supply 5, a gate power supply 6, and a collector power supply 7 for the collector 2, all connected to a transformer at the highest end. The anode power supply 5, gate power supply 6, and collector power supply 7 all utilize a voltage-doubling rectifier structure to generate high voltage. Alternatively, a high-voltage transformer or a high-voltage transformer combined with voltage-doubling rectifier can be used to generate high voltage. A hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supply 40 is connected to N high-voltage power supplies. Each high-voltage power supply utilizes a positive HV (high-voltage voltage-doubling rectifier) ​​12 and a negative HV 11 in series to achieve a -2HV high-voltage output. To achieve millisecond / hundred-kilovolt electric field variations in the deceleration mode, a high-speed bootstrap magnetically coupled triggering thyristor series module 13 is connected in parallel at the output terminals of each positive and negative high-voltage power supply stage. This rapidly releases the hot cathode electron gun cathode charge from the upper end to the lower end, achieving rapid electric field variations and, in conjunction with the output control of each high-voltage power supply stage, realizing the electron cooling deceleration mode.

[0053] The hot cathode electron gun cathode high voltage power supply 40 may adopt a positive and negative power supply structure to achieve rapid voltage increase, or may adopt a single power supply structure.

[0054] In the above embodiment, the positive HV12 and negative HV11 structures correspond to the positive and negative power supplies of the nth stage corresponding to the nth stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer. The reference grounds of the positive and negative power supplies are connected and maintained at the same potential as the sealed structure 39 of the nth stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10. The output of the negative power supply of the nth stage is connected to the primary winding of the n+1th stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer and the output of the positive power supply of the n+1th stage; the output of the positive power supply of the nth stage is connected to the secondary winding of the n-1th stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer and the output of the negative power supply of the n-1th stage. This structure can achieve a higher potential rise within a minimum number of stages, achieving a high-voltage output of more than megavolts within a relatively small number of stages, improving the transmission efficiency of the power supply and reducing the height of the cascade structure.

[0055] In the above embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the positive HV12 and the negative HV11 are respectively connected to the two ends of the thyristor series module 13. The thyristor series module 13 includes a plurality of thyristors 21 connected in series, a high-voltage resistor and capacitor 22, a transient voltage suppressor diode 23, a magnetic coupling pair 24, a light-triggered pulser 25 and a high-voltage resistor 27.

[0056] The cathode of a single thyristor 21 in series is connected to the anode of the previous thyristor 21, and finally connected to the negative HV11; the anode of a single thyristor 21 in series is connected to the cathode of the next thyristor 21, and finally connected to the positive HV12; therefore, the withstand voltage of a single thyristor 21 can be increased to an insulation withstand voltage level of 2HV as a whole through the series connection.

[0057] Each thyristor 21 is connected in parallel with a high-voltage resistor and capacitor 22 and a transient voltage suppressor diode 23. The high-voltage resistor and capacitor 22 serve as a high-speed bootstrap circuit, and the transient voltage suppressor diode 23 serves as a thyristor protection device; a high-voltage resistor 27 is connected in series between adjacent thyristors 21. The high-voltage resistor 27 serves as an AC path after each thyristor 21 is turned on, quickly releasing the charges on the positive HV12 and negative HV11 terminals.

[0058] Because this high-speed, bootstrapped, magnetically coupled, and triggered thyristor series module is a floating structure with no reference ground to the platform, isolated triggering is required. A magnetic coupling pair 24 is connected to the control gate of thyristor 21, which is connected to negative HV 11. A light-triggered pulser 25 performs isolated, magnetic-coupled triggering of thyristor 21 via magnetic coupling pair 24. Once the first thyristor is triggered, the high-speed, parallel bootstrap circuits of each thyristor rapidly trigger all subsequent thyristors, releasing their entire charge. This, combined with overall power supply control, achieves an ideal deceleration mode.

[0059] Among them, the high-voltage resistor-capacitor 22 series structure set between the control gate and cathode of the series-connected thyristor 21 forms a bootstrap circuit, and the light-triggered pulser 25 is used to control the light transmission control pulse 26. This pulse 26 can transmit the driving pulse to the thyristor 21 in a magnetic field coupling manner through the magnetic coupling pair 24. This pulse signal will connect all the bootstrap circuits at the same time, so that each thyristor 21 in the thyristor series module 13 is in the on state, realizing the deceleration mode.

[0060] By setting a high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger on the control gate of each thyristor 21, the charge between the positive and negative power supplies of the nth level can be quickly released. When the N-level high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger thyristor series module 13 acts at the same time, the rapid change of the cathode electric field of the electron gun can be achieved and the deceleration mode of electron cooling can be realized in combination with the high-voltage output control of each level.

[0061] In the above embodiment, the electron cooling system also includes electron deflection plates 3 and a magnetic field track coil 4 for accelerating electron cooling. Electron deflection plates 3 are mounted above both the collector 2 and the electron gun 1. The two electron deflection plates 3 have opposite polarities but the same absolute potential. A magnetic field track coil 4 is positioned between the two electron deflection plates 3. The two electron deflection plates 3 are used to correct the trajectory of the electron beam, while the magnetic field track coil 4 maintains the electron beam in a cool state during parallel emission with the ion beam, achieving electron cooling.

[0062] After power is transmitted to the highest-end cascade transformer, it is then transmitted through the secondary winding 101 of the highest-end cascade transformer to the electron gun grid power supply 6, the electron gun anode power supply 5, and the collector electrode power supply 7. When the high voltage at the cathode terminal of the electron gun provides an accelerating electric field for the electrons, and the grid and anode release the electron beam, the electron deflection plate 3 is used to correct the electron beam's trajectory. During the parallel emission process with the ion beam, the magnetic field track coil 4 is required to maintain the cooling state. Finally, the electron beam is deflected using the reverse electron deflection plate, and the remaining electrons are recovered from the collector, completing the complete electron cooling process. It is important to note that if the required power cannot be provided to the highest-end collector, the electron beam will not be recovered after emission and will be directed toward the vacuum arm, resulting in the accelerator's ion beam current not being able to accumulate normally. This will also cause the vacuum level to drop, and in severe cases, it will directly destroy the vacuum.

[0063] In the above embodiments, due to the insulation problem of the cathode high voltage power supply of each stage of the hot cathode electron gun at the middle end, the entire power supply device is placed in a closed space filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas to improve the insulation distance.

[0064] like Figure 7 、 Figure 8As shown, the present invention presents a three-stage, high-current electron beam, electron-cooled, high-power, high-voltage power supply device. Insulating supports 41 support the upper and lower surfaces of each hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supply 40 at the mid-stage. The hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supply 40 includes a positive HV high-voltage doubler power supply 12, a negative HV high-voltage doubler power supply 11, a field programmable logic gate array controller 44, and a high-speed bootstrap magnetically coupled triggered thyristor series module 13. A transformer outer sealing structure 39 is provided on one side of each hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supply 40.

[0065] In summary, the electron cooling process requires a hot cathode gun to generate a high-power electron beam, a collector to efficiently recover the electron beam, electron-cooling deflection plates to constrain the electron beam trajectory, and magnetic field coils to accelerate electron cooling. The high-power, high-voltage power supply for electron cooling that generates a high-current electron beam requires a high-power, high-frequency, sinusoidal power supply at the bottom end as the power source for the entire device. The mid-stage hot cathode gun cathode power supply utilizes a multi-stage, high-frequency, nanocrystalline cascade transformer to achieve symmetrical series output of positive and negative high-voltage power supplies at each stage. Capacitors are internally used to compensate for coil leakage inductance within the multi-stage, high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer. This ensures efficient power transmission to the highest stage of the cascade transformer, matching the high-power, high-frequency sinusoidal power supply at the bottom end with the specific high-frequency sinusoidal frequency. The high-end hot cathode gun power supplies and the high-power collector power supply use the hot cathode gun cathode potential as a platform reference point for electron beam emission, current control, and recovery. The electron deflection plates and magnetic field coils constrain the electron beam trajectory, thereby cooling the ion beam, reducing its emittance, and clustering the ion clusters. The electron cooling deceleration mode requires the rapid release of the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun from the high end to the bottom end to achieve a rapid change in the electric field and to be implemented in conjunction with the high-voltage output control of each level. Since the rapid charge release process will generate high voltage and high current, the present invention provides a high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger thyristor series module for implementation. Since the high-end collector collector power supply needs to collect high-current electron beams, the power of the collector power supply is the largest among all electrodes. The high-voltage and high-current output characteristics of the collector power supply not only require the high-frequency sinusoidal power supply at the bottom end to effectively transmit power to the highest level, but also the need for the overall cascade transformer to avoid heat loss caused by high current to the coil during operation. At the same time, due to the insulation problem of the cathode high-voltage power supply of each level of the hot cathode electron gun in the middle end, the overall power supply device needs to be placed in a closed space filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas to improve the insulation distance.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device with a high-current electron beam, characterized in that: include: A high-frequency sinusoidal high-power transmission system comprises N-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers (10) with compensation capacitors (9) and a high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14) matched therewith for power transmission; the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14) is used to output a sinusoidal waveform as a power source at the bottom end; the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer (10) comprises at least three stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer at the bottom end is connected to the output end of the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14); the compensation capacitor (9) is provided in each stage of the transformer, and the leakage inductance inside each stage of the transformer is phase-compensated by the compensation capacitor (9), and the sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer at the top end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference and then output; An electronic cooling system, wherein a portion of the power supply end is connected to the highest-end transformer, and another portion of the power supply end is connected to an N-level high-voltage power supply realized by isolating and connecting the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer (10) in series, and electronic cooling is achieved by the received power; The high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14) includes a high-frequency current / voltage device zero-crossing commutation (15) and a square wave sinusoidal conversion circuit (16); The high-frequency current / voltage device zero-crossing commutation (15) includes a three-phase AC source (28), an industrial frequency rectifier circuit (29), a phase-shifted full bridge (30), a commutation device (31) and a zero-crossing commutation structure (32); the three-phase AC source (28) serves as a basic power source, and the three-phase AC is sequentially passed through the industrial frequency rectifier circuit (29) and the phase-shifted full bridge (30), and the rectified DC voltage is amplitude-adjusted and transmitted to the zero-crossing commutation structure (32) after passing through the commutation device (31), and the voltage waveform after zero-crossing commutation is isolated by the isolation transformer T1 and then transmitted to the square wave sine conversion circuit (16), and the square wave sine conversion circuit (16) realizes the output of a quasi-sine wave; The high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer (10) is arranged in a sealed structure (39), a compensation capacitor (9) is provided on the primary and secondary sides of each transformer stage, and the coil winding of the transformer adopts a high-frequency Litz wire.

2. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zero-crossing commutation mode implemented by the zero-crossing commutation structure (32) is determined according to the device selection of different power conditions, and the device is turned on when the current passes through zero or when the voltage passes through zero during the zero-crossing commutation process.

3. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square wave sine conversion circuit (16) analyzes the characteristic curve of the relationship between the corresponding amplitude gain and frequency of the dual resonance points or multi-resonance points formed by the overall power supply structure based on the electrical parameters and parasitic parameters of the zero-crossing commutation structure (32) of the previous stage, and sets parameters based on the characteristic curve.

4. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coil winding of the transformer is uniformly wound; a cooling medium is provided in the sealing structure (39), and the transformer is placed in the cooling medium.

5. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic cooling system comprises an anode power supply (5) of an electron gun (1) connected to a transformer at the highest end, a grid power supply (6) and a collector power supply (7) of a collector (2), wherein the anode power supply (5), the grid power supply (6) and the collector power supply (7) all adopt a voltage doubling rectifier structure; a cathode high-voltage power supply (40) of a hot cathode electron gun is connected to an N-level high-voltage power supply, wherein each level of the high-voltage power supply adopts a positive HV (12) and a negative HV (11) connected in series to realize a -2HV high-voltage output; and by connecting a high-speed self-bootstrap magnetic coupling triggering thyristor series module (13) in parallel at the output end of each level of positive and negative high-voltage power supply, the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun is quickly released from the high end to the bottom end, thereby realizing a rapid change of the electric field and combining with the output control of each level of high-voltage power supply to realize a deceleration mode of electronic cooling.

6. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positive HV (12) and the negative HV (11) are respectively connected to the two ends of the thyristor series module (13), and the thyristor series module (13) includes a plurality of thyristors (21) connected in series, high-voltage resistors and capacitors (22), transient voltage suppression diodes (23), magnetic coupling pairs (24), light-triggered pulsers (25) and high-voltage resistors (27); The cathode of a single thyristor (21) connected in series is connected to the anode of the previous thyristor (21), and is finally connected to the negative HV (11); the anode of a single thyristor (21) connected in series is connected to the cathode of the next thyristor (21), and is finally connected to the positive HV (12); Each of the thyristors (21) is connected in parallel with a high-voltage resistor and capacitor (22) and a transient voltage suppression diode (23), the high-voltage resistor and capacitor (22) serving as a high-speed bootstrap circuit, and the transient voltage suppression diode (23) serving as a thyristor protection device; the high-voltage resistor (27) is connected in series between adjacent thyristors (21), the high-voltage resistor (27) serving as an AC path after each thyristor (21) is turned on, quickly releasing the terminal charges of the positive HV (12) and the negative HV (11); The magnetic coupling pair (24) is connected to the control gate of the thyristor (21) connected to the negative HV (11), and the light trigger pulser (25) performs isolated magnetic coupling triggering on the thyristor (21) via the magnetic coupling pair (24).

7. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-voltage resistor-capacitor (22) series structure provided between the control gate and cathode of the series-connected thyristors (21) forms a bootstrap circuit, and a light-triggered pulser (25) is used to control the light transmission control pulse. This pulse can transmit a driving pulse to the thyristors (21) in a magnetic field coupling manner through the magnetic coupling pair (24). This pulse signal will simultaneously connect all the bootstrap circuits, so that each of the thyristors (21) in the thyristor series module (13) is in a conducting state, thereby realizing a deceleration mode.

8. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for high-current electron beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron cooling system further comprises an electron deflection plate (3) and a magnetic field track coil (4); the electron deflection plate (3) is provided on the upper portion of the collector (2) and the electron gun (1); the two electron deflection plates (3) have opposite polarities and voltages of the same absolute potential; the magnetic field track coil (4) is provided between the two electron deflection plates (3); The two electron deflection plates (3) are used to complete the orbit correction of the electron beam, and the magnetic field orbit coil (4) is used to maintain a cooling state during the process of emitting in parallel with the ion beam, thereby achieving electron cooling.

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