A percussion-rotary combined cutting drill bit

Abstract

The present invention discloses a percussion-rotary compound cutting bit, which comprises a bit body; a hydraulic impact hammer and cutter wings are arranged on the bit body; the hydraulic impact hammer is axially slidably connected in a hydraulic impact cavity inside the bit body, and the hydraulic impact hammer is connected with a bit tip exposed on the end face of the bit body; the cutter wings are fixed on the end face of the bit body. The present invention uses the flushing fluid to drive the hydraulic impact hammer and the bit tip to impact and break the hard formation, and further uses the composite cutter wings on the bit to crush and scrape the impact-broken rock, effectively combining the high-efficiency impact rock breaking of the hydraulic impact hammer and the bit tip on the hard formation with the rotary scraping rock breaking of the composite cutter wing bit, realizing high-efficiency percussion-rotary compound cutting drilling on the hard formation and improving the exploration and development efficiency of deep hard rock formations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, and more specifically, to an impact-rotation composite cutting bit. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous deepening of exploration of oil, natural gas, geothermal energy, hot dry rock, etc., there are more and more difficult-to-drill formations such as igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks under deep well complex geological conditions. These formations have high strength, high hardness, poor drillability, and strong abrasiveness, and it is difficult for conventional bits to achieve efficient cutting. The hybrid bit with inserted teeth and diamond composite inserts has the performance advantages of adapting to various formations and high mechanical drilling rate due to its composite cutting structure of fixed cutter wings and rolling cones, but it has the following deficiencies:

[0003] 1. Due to the limitations of the grease storage capacity and the performance of rubber seals, the use effect of such hybrid bits in high-temperature hard rock formations is not ideal;

[0004] 2. Due to the unique impact crushing rock-breaking mechanism of the cone, the impact load generated by its rotation is likely to damage the composite inserts on the cutter wings.

[0005] In addition, the traditional hydraulic impact hammer uses the energy carried by the flushing fluid to drive the impact hammer inside it to apply a downward impact motion with a certain frequency to the whole bit / rock drill bit at the bottom of the hole, thereby improving the drilling efficiency. Its main disadvantages are:

[0006] 1. The existing hydraulic impact hammers have limited specifications and sizes. Usually, one specification can only correspond to bits with diameters within a certain range, and it is impossible to achieve cross-level allocation.

[0007] 2. The hydraulic impact structure acts on the tail of the whole bit / rock drill bit, and the impact work is small, and it is impossible to achieve efficient impact on large-diameter full-face bits / rock drill bits.

[0008] Therefore, in view of the above problems, developing a new type of high-efficiency composite rock-breaking tool to improve the exploration and development efficiency of deep hard rock formations is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides an impact-rotation composite cutting bit, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] An impact-rotation composite cutting bit includes a bit body; a hydraulic impact hammer and cutter wings are provided on the bit body; the hydraulic impact hammer is axially slidably connected in a hydraulic impact cavity inside the bit body, the hydraulic impact hammer is connected with a rock drill bit exposed on the end face of the bit body; the cutter wings are fixed on the end face of the bit body.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, the present invention uses the flushing fluid to drive the hydraulic impact hammer and the bit, applies the impact energy to the bit, impacts and breaks the hard formation, effectively combines the high-efficiency impact rock breaking of the hydraulic impact hammer and the bit on the hard formation with the rotary scraping rock breaking of the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter wing bit, realizes high-efficiency impact rotary drilling in the hard formation, and improves the exploration and development efficiency of deep hard rock formations.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned impact rotary composite cutting bit, a main flushing fluid channel is provided inside the bit body; bit nozzles communicating with the main flushing fluid channel are provided on the end face of the bit body; a sub is threadedly connected to one end of the bit body away from its end face; a main liquid supply path and a hydraulic branch communicating with the main liquid supply path are provided inside the sub, the main liquid supply path is docked with the main flushing fluid channel, and the hydraulic branch is docked with the hydraulic impact chamber; the bit has bit nozzles, and the bit nozzles extend into the hydraulic impact hammer and communicate with the hydraulic impact chamber.

[0014] The flushing fluid is split at the sub. One part flows out through the bit nozzles on the end face of the bit body for cooling and chip removal of the bit cutter wings; the other part passes through the hydraulic impact hammer. On the one hand, it provides hydraulic power for the hydraulic impact hammer to realize the impact motion, and on the other hand, it flows out through the bit nozzles on the end face of the bit to provide cooling and chip removal for the bit.

[0015] Preferably, in the above-mentioned impact rotary composite cutting bit, the end face of the bit has bit teeth, and the cutter wings have cutting teeth. The bit teeth are high-wear-resistant cemented carbide teeth or diamond composite teeth; the cutting teeth are diamond composite inserts, and the specifications and arrangement patterns of the composite inserts can be adjusted and optimized according to the formation conditions and the actual size of the bit, and diamond secondary teeth can also be appropriately added. The high wear resistance of the bit teeth and the composite inserts improves the service life of the bit, which is beneficial to solving the problems of low drilling efficiency and short bit life in hard formation drilling.

[0016] Preferably, in the above-mentioned impact rotary composite cutting bit, the hydraulic impact hammer is connected to the bit through a spline mechanism. The connection by spline is simple and has strong stability.

[0017] Preferably, in the above-mentioned impact rotary composite cutting bit, the number of the bits and the cutter wings is multiple groups, and they are arranged in a circumferential and staggered manner on the end face of the bit body.

[0018] The number of the bits and the cutter wings is determined according to the actual situation. The end face of the bit is designed in various forms such as circular or fan-shaped according to the overall end face coverage of the bit, so as to appropriately optimize the number, size and arrangement pattern of the bit teeth.

[0019] Preferably, in the above-mentioned impact-rotary compound cutting bit, an impact hammer outer tube is installed in the hydraulic impact chamber. The hydraulic impact hammer and the impact hammer outer tube are assembled into a set through a suspension device and installed in the hydraulic impact chamber.

[0020] The specifications of the hydraulic impact hammer can be optimized according to the finished size of the bit. The impact hammer outer tube can be directly formed using the bit body to achieve spatial optimization, or the complete set of hydraulic impact hammers can be installed in the bit body through a suspension device.

[0021] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses and provides an impact-rotary compound cutting bit, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention provides an impact-rotary compound cutting bit, which effectively combines the high-efficiency impact rock breaking of the hydraulic impact hammer and the button bit on hard strata with the rotary scraping rock breaking of the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter bit wings, realizing high-efficiency impact-rotary drilling in hard strata. At the same time, the high wear resistance of the button teeth and PDCs is utilized to improve the service life of the bit.

[0023] 2. The present invention uses the flushing fluid to drive the hydraulic impact hammer and the button bit, applies the impact energy on the button bit to impact and break hard strata, further crushes and scrapes the impact-broken rocks with the PDC cutter bit wings on the bit, and timely clears the broken rocks from the bottom of the well under the action of the flushing fluid, achieving the purpose of high-efficiency drilling in hard strata.

[0024] 3. The present invention is not restricted by conditions such as the storage amount of lubricating grease, the performance of rubber seals, and the specifications and dimensions of the hydraulic impact hammer, and can be applied to high-temperature hard rock strata.

[0025] 4. The application of the present invention is beneficial to solving the problems of low drilling efficiency and short bit life in hard strata drilling, and is especially applicable to high-temperature hard rock strata. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 The drawings are the structural schematic diagrams of the impact-rotary compound cutting bit provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 The drawings are the top views of the impact-rotary compound cutting bit provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3The attached drawing is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the impact-rotation composite cutting drill bit provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 The attached drawing is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the impact-rotation composite cutting drill bit provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 The attached drawing is a schematic diagram of the flow of the flushing fluid provided by the present invention.

[0032] Wherein:

[0033] 1 - drill bit body;

[0034] 11 - hydraulic impact chamber; 12 - main flushing fluid channel; 13 - drill bit water eye; 14 - cylinder block; 15 - valve body; 16 - piston rod;

[0035] 2 - hydraulic impact hammer;

[0036] 3 - cutter blade;

[0037] 31 - cutting teeth;

[0038] 4 - bit;

[0039] 41 - bit water eye; 42 - bit teeth;

[0040] 5 - sub;

[0041] 51 - main liquid supply path; 52 - hydraulic branch;

[0042] 6 - spline mechanism;

[0043] 7 - outer tube of impact hammer;

[0044] 8 - suspension device. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the attached drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] Refer to Attachment Figure 1 to Attachment Figure 3 , the embodiments of the present invention disclose an impact-rotation composite cutting drill bit, including a drill bit body 1; a hydraulic impact hammer 2 and a cutter blade 3 are provided on the drill bit body 1; the hydraulic impact hammer 2 is axially slidably connected in the hydraulic impact chamber 11 inside the drill bit body 1, and the hydraulic impact hammer 2 is connected with a bit 4 exposed on the end face of the drill bit body 1; the cutter blade 3 is fixed on the end face of the drill bit body 1.

[0047] To further optimize the above technical solution, the drill bit body 1 has a main flushing fluid channel 12 inside; on the end face of the drill bit body 1, there are drill bit nozzles 13 communicating with the main flushing fluid channel 12.

[0048] To further optimize the above technical solution, a joint 5 is threadedly connected to one end of the drill bit body 1 away from its end face; inside the joint 5, there is a main liquid supply path 51 and a hydraulic branch 52 communicating with the main liquid supply path 51. The main liquid supply path 51 is docked with the main flushing fluid channel 12, and the hydraulic branch 52 is docked with the hydraulic impact chamber 11.

[0049] To further optimize the above technical solution, the bit 4 has a bit nozzle 41, and the bit nozzle 41 extends into the hydraulic impact hammer 2 and communicates with the hydraulic impact chamber 11.

[0050] To further optimize the above technical solution, the bit teeth 42 are high-wear-resistant cemented carbide teeth or diamond composite teeth; the cutting teeth 31 are diamond composite inserts.

[0051] To further optimize the above technical solution, the hydraulic impact hammer 2 and the bit 4 are connected by a spline mechanism 6.

[0052] To further optimize the above technical solution, the number of bits 4 and cutter wings 3 is multiple groups, and they are arranged in a circumferentially staggered manner on the end face of the drill bit body 1. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, three bits 4 and three cutter wings 3 are each adopted.

[0053] Specifically, referring to Appendix Figure 3 to Appendix Figure 5 , to realize the hydraulic reciprocating impact motion of the hydraulic impact hammer 2, a cylinder block 14 is tightly sleeved at the end of the hydraulic impact chamber 11 connected to the joint 5. A valve body 15 is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder block 14. One end of the valve body 15 away from the joint 5 is connected to a piston rod 16. The piston rod 16 passes through the cylinder block 14 and is connected to the hydraulic impact hammer 2, and the piston rod 16 is slidably connected to the cylinder block 14; and the flushing fluid can flow into the piston rod 16 through the valve body 15 until it reaches the hydraulic impact hammer 2, so that it can not only provide hydraulic power but also finally flow out from the bit nozzle 41.

[0054] The specific working principle of the hydraulic impact hammer 2 is as follows:

[0055] Referring to Appendix Figure 5 , the energy carried by the flushing fluid is used to drive the hydraulic impact hammer 2 inside it to generate a downward impact motion at a certain frequency, and an impact is applied to the bit 4 at the bottom of the hole to improve the drilling efficiency.

[0056] When the drill string is in a suspended state, the flushing fluid is directly communicated with the main flushing fluid channel 12. At this time, the hydraulic impact hammer 2 does not work, and the purpose of punching the hole can be achieved.

[0057] When the drill string reaches the bottom of the hole and a certain drilling pressure is applied, the bit 4 moves up to its limit point, and at this time, the hydraulic impact hammer 2 starts to work. When the hydraulic impact hammer 2 moves upward and pushes the valve body 15, the two jointly enter the downward impact stroke stage until the hydraulic impact hammer 2 enters the next impact process again.

[0058] Embodiment 1:

[0059] See the appendix Figure 3 , in this embodiment, the hydraulic impact hammer 2 is directly installed in the hydraulic impact chamber 11, connected to the piston rod 16, and finally cooperates with the valve body 15 to move.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] See the appendix Figure 4 , in this embodiment, an outer tube 7 of the impact hammer is installed in the hydraulic impact chamber 11. The hydraulic impact hammer 2 and the outer tube 7 of the impact hammer are assembled into a set through a suspension device 8 and installed in the hydraulic impact chamber 11. In this way, the cylinder block 14, the valve body 15 and the piston rod 16 are installed in the outer tube 7 of the impact hammer, and the other principles are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0062] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description in the method part.

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An impact-rotary composite cutting drill bit, comprising a drill bit body (1); characterized in that, A hydraulic impact hammer (2) and cutter wings (3) are provided on the drill bit body (1); the hydraulic impact hammer (2) is axially slidably connected in a hydraulic impact chamber (11) inside the drill bit body (1), and the hydraulic impact hammer (2) is connected to a bit (4) exposed at the end face of the drill bit body (1); the cutter wings (3) are fixed on the end face of the drill bit body (1). The drill bit body (1) has a main flushing fluid passage (12) inside; the end face of the drill bit body (1) has a drill bit water eye (13) communicating with the main flushing fluid passage (12). One end of the drill bit body (1) away from its end face is threadedly connected to a sub (5); the sub (5) has a main fluid supply path (51) inside, and a hydraulic branch (52) communicating with the main fluid supply path (51), the main fluid supply path (51) is docked with the main flushing fluid passage (12), and the hydraulic branch (52) is docked with the hydraulic impact chamber (11). The bit (4) has a bit water eye (41), and the bit water eye (41) extends into the hydraulic impact hammer (2) and communicates with the hydraulic impact chamber (11).

2. The impact-rotary compound cutting drill bit according to claim 1, wherein The end face of the bit (4) has bit teeth (42), and the cutter wings (3) have cutting teeth (31).

3. The percussion-rotation composite cutting drill bit according to claim 2, wherein The bit teeth (42) are high wear-resistant cemented carbide teeth or diamond composite teeth; the cutting teeth (31) are diamond composite sheets.

4. The impact-rotation composite cutting drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that The hydraulic impact hammer (2) and the bit (4) are connected by a spline mechanism (6).

5. The impact-rotary composite cutting drill bit according to claim 1, wherein, The number of the bits (4) and the cutter wings (3) is multiple groups, and they are arranged in a circumferential and staggered manner on the end face of the drill bit body (1).

6. A percussion-rotary composite cutting drill bit according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, An impact hammer outer tube (7) is installed in the hydraulic impact chamber (11).

7. The impact-rotation composite cutting drill bit according to claim 6, wherein The hydraulic impact hammer (2) and the impact hammer outer tube (7) are assembled into a set through a suspension device (8) and installed in the hydraulic impact chamber (11).

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