A high voltage power supply for a Geiger-Muller counter tube

Abstract

The application relates to a high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Muller counter tube, comprising a control circuit, a transformer, a voltage doubling circuit, a clamping circuit and a waveform conversion circuit. The application does not need an output sampling circuit, a reference circuit and a comparison circuit, but the waveform conversion circuit directly converts the pulse current excited by the radiation particles of the Geiger-Muller counter tube into a pulse voltage signal, the control circuit collects the number of the pulse voltage signals in a cycle as a feedback signal to adjust the energy transmission of the driving control transformer to stabilize the output; the high-voltage power supply of the application has low power consumption of 0.2mW when the Geiger-Muller counter tube is used in a common environment, can greatly improve the endurance time of the battery in a handheld nuclear radiation instrument, the input voltage can be as low as 2.3V, the battery energy in the handheld nuclear radiation instrument can be more fully utilized, and the device is less and occupies small space of the handheld device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power supplies, and in particular to a high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Müller counter tube. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear radiation detectors, especially handheld ones, are commonly used in nuclear power plants, radioactive laboratories, and radiation protection fields to monitor environmental radiation at any time and ensure the safety of personnel. Furthermore, with rising living standards, people are paying increasing attention to radiation in their living environment, leading to a stronger demand for easy-to-use handheld nuclear radiation detectors.

[0003] The Geiger-Müller counter is a commonly used detection device in handheld nuclear radiation detectors. Its design is quite simple, consisting of two electrodes, a cathode and an anode, filled with an inert gas at a certain pressure. During operation, a high voltage is applied between the electrodes. Each time a radiation particle enters the Geiger-Müller counter, it collides with the inert gas inside the tube. Due to the high voltage, the gas ionizes, generating a pulse current. This pulse current is typically converted into a detectable pulse voltage using a waveform conversion circuit. The number of pulse voltages within a period is counted and converted using a relevant function to obtain the radiation dose reading in the environment. Because the Geiger-Müller counter only functions properly within a certain voltage range—too low or too high a voltage will cause it to malfunction or even damage it—a high-voltage power supply module with regulated output is generally used to provide the high voltage for the Geiger-Müller counter. Figure 1 As shown, typical high-voltage regulated power supply modules generally sample the output voltage by dividing it with resistors. This sampled voltage is then compared with a reference voltage provided by a reference circuit via a comparator circuit. The control chip adjusts the drive based on the comparison result to stabilize the output. This approach introduces three problems: First, the sampling and maintenance of the output voltage for the analog chip is continuous, resulting in static power consumption generally exceeding 15mW, accounting for more than one-third of the total power consumption. For handheld devices that commonly use battery power, this excessive power consumption leads to frequent battery replacements. Second, since analog chips typically require operating voltages above 3.3V, they may fail to operate below 3V due to undervoltage. Even with some battery power remaining, the battery is replaced as the voltage drops below 3V, resulting in wasted resources. Third, sampling high output voltages requires multiple resistors connected in series for voltage division, and a reference circuit and comparator circuit are needed to achieve loop feedback control. This often results in a larger size for typical high-voltage power supply modules, occupying more space in handheld devices and preventing smaller designs, causing inconvenience for users in daily use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects in the prior art and provide a high-voltage power supply for Geiger-Müller counter tubes. This high-voltage power supply has low power consumption when used in ordinary environments, which can greatly improve the battery life of handheld nuclear radiation meters. The input voltage can be as low as 2.3V, which can make fuller use of the battery energy in handheld nuclear radiation meters. The high-voltage power supply has fewer components, smaller component size, and occupies less space in handheld devices.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] In one aspect, a high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Müller counter tube is provided, including a control circuit, a transformer, a voltage multiplier circuit, a clamping circuit, and a waveform conversion circuit;

[0007] The input terminal of the control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit and is used to connect to the power supply. The output terminal is connected to the opposite terminal of the primary winding of the transformer and is used to control the energy transmission of the transformer in the next cycle according to the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle.

[0008] The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the power supply, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the input terminal of the voltage multiplier circuit for energy transmission and to boost the voltage signal of the primary winding for the first time.

[0009] The output terminal of the voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the input terminal of the clamping circuit, and is used to perform a second voltage boost on the boosted voltage signal.

[0010] The output terminal of the clamping circuit is used to connect to the anode interface of the counter tube, and is used to clamp the voltage signal after the second boost when the voltage signal is higher than the clamping voltage of the clamping circuit.

[0011] The first input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit is used to interface with the cathode of the counter tube, the second input terminal is used to connect to the power supply, and the output terminal is also used to connect to an external data acquisition device, which is used to convert the pulse current excited by the radiated particles of the counter tube into a pulse voltage signal.

[0012] Preferably, the control circuit includes a programmable controller chip, a crystal oscillator, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first resistor, and a first switching transistor; the input terminals of the control circuit include a first input terminal and a second input terminal; the power input terminal of the programmable controller chip serves as the first input terminal of the control circuit for connecting to a power supply; the feedback signal acquisition terminal of the programmable controller chip serves as the second input terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the waveform conversion circuit; the crystal oscillator input terminal of the programmable controller chip is connected to the first end of the crystal oscillator and one end of the second capacitor; the crystal oscillator output terminal of the programmable controller chip is connected to the second end of the crystal oscillator and one end of the third capacitor; the drive signal output terminal of the programmable controller chip is connected to one end of the first resistor; the ground terminal of the programmable controller chip, the other end of the second capacitor, and the other end of the third capacitor are all connected to ground; the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor; the second end of the first switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the opposite end of the primary winding of the transformer; the third end of the first switching transistor is connected to ground.

[0013] Preferably, the control circuit is used to control the energy transfer of the transformer in the next cycle based on the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle, specifically including:

[0014] The programmable control chip determines whether the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle is greater than a preset counting threshold.

[0015] If not, the programmable control chip outputs a low-frequency drive signal to the first switch in the next cycle to control the first switch to turn on and off according to the frequency of the low-frequency drive signal, and the programmable control chip enters standby mode during the non-output drive signal time in the cycle.

[0016] If so, the programmable control chip outputs a high-frequency drive signal to the first switch in the next cycle to control the first switch to turn on and off according to the frequency of the high-frequency drive signal.

[0017] The transformer transmits energy according to the frequency of the first switching transistor's on and off states.

[0018] Preferably, the programmable control chip is a programmable control chip with low standby power consumption.

[0019] Preferably, the waveform conversion circuit includes a transistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor; the base of the transistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor, serving as the first input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for interface with the cathode of the counter tube; the collector of the transistor is connected to one end of the third resistor, serving as the output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit, connected to the input terminal of the control circuit, and used for connection with an external data acquisition device; the emitter and collector of the transistor are grounded; the other end of the third resistor serves as the second input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for connection with the power supply; the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded.

[0020] Preferably, the voltage multiplier circuit includes diodes and capacitors, and the number of diodes is the same as the number of capacitors.

[0021] Preferably, the voltage multiplier circuit is a CW voltage multiplier circuit, a Max voltage multiplier circuit, or a Sinkell voltage multiplier circuit.

[0022] Preferably, it further includes a first capacitor, one end of which is connected to the power supply and the other end is grounded, for filtering the voltage signal input from the power supply.

[0023] Secondly, a high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Müller counter tube is provided, comprising: a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a first switching transistor, a transistor, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a crystal oscillator, a transient diode, a programmable control chip, and a transformer; one end of the third resistor, the power input terminal of the programmable control chip, and the corresponding terminal of the primary winding of the transformer are all used to connect to the power supply; the other end of the third resistor is connected to the collector of the transistor and the feedback signal acquisition terminal of the programmable control chip, and is used to connect to an external acquisition device; the base of the transistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor, and is used to connect to the cathode interface of the counter tube; the crystal oscillator input terminal of the programmable control chip is connected to the first terminal of the crystal oscillator and one end of the second capacitor, and the crystal oscillator output terminal of the programmable control chip is connected to the second terminal of the crystal oscillator and one end of the third capacitor; the programmable control chip... The drive signal output terminal is connected to one end of the first resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor; the second end of the first switching transistor is connected to the opposite-named terminal of the primary winding of the transformer; the opposite-named terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the anode of the first diode and one end of the fifth capacitor; the cathode of the first diode is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor and the anode of the second diode; the cathode of the second diode is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor and the anode of the third diode; the cathode of the third diode is connected to one end of the sixth capacitor and the cathode of the transient diode, and then connected to the anode interface of the counter tube; the other end of the fourth resistor, the emitter of the transistor, the ground terminal of the programmable control chip, the other end of the second capacitor, the other end of the third capacitor, the third end of the first switching transistor, the same-named terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer, the other end of the fourth capacitor, the other end of the sixth capacitor, and the anode of the transient diode are all grounded.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) When used in a normal environment with few radiation particles, the power consumption is as low as 0.2mW when combined with the Geiger-Müller counter tube, which can greatly improve the battery life of the handheld nuclear radiation meter.

[0026] (2) The input voltage of this high-voltage power supply can be as low as 2.3V, which can make fuller use of the battery energy in the handheld nuclear radiation instrument;

[0027] (3) The high-voltage power supply has a simple structure, few components, and occupies little space in handheld devices. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1This is a circuit block diagram of an existing high-voltage power supply.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, a high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Müller counter tube is provided, including a control circuit, a transformer T1, a voltage multiplier circuit, a clamping circuit, and a waveform conversion circuit;

[0033] The input terminal of the control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit and is used to connect to the power supply. The output terminal is connected to the opposite terminal of the primary winding of transformer T1 and is used to control the energy transmission of transformer T1 in the next cycle according to the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle.

[0034] The primary winding of transformer T1 is connected to the power supply, and the secondary winding of transformer T1 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage multiplier circuit for energy transmission and to boost the voltage signal of the primary side for the first time.

[0035] The output of the voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the input of the clamping circuit to perform a second voltage boost on the boosted voltage signal.

[0036] The output of the clamping circuit is connected to the anode interface JG+ of the counter tube GM1, and is used to clamp the voltage signal after the second boost when the voltage signal is higher than the clamping voltage of the clamping circuit.

[0037] The first input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit is used to connect to the cathode interface JG- of the counter tube GM1, the second input terminal is used to connect to the power supply, and the output terminal is also used to connect to an external data acquisition device to convert the pulse current excited by the radiated particles of the counter tube GM1 into a pulse voltage signal.

[0038] Specifically, the control circuit directly samples the number of pulse voltages converted from the pulse current excited by the Geiger-Müller counter GM1 within a sampling period. Based on the number of pulse voltages in this period, the control circuit controls the energy transfer of transformer T1 in the next period. While transferring energy, transformer T1 performs a first voltage boost on the primary winding voltage. A voltage multiplier circuit then performs a second voltage boost on the secondary winding voltage signal of transformer T1 formed by the first boost. The voltage signal formed by the second boost powers the Geiger-Müller counter GM1, enabling it to detect radiated particles. Simultaneously, a clamping circuit is added; if the voltage of the second boost is too high, the clamping circuit clamps the voltage signal to ensure reliability. When the Geiger-Müller counter GM1 detects radiation particles in the environment, it generates a pulse current. Through a waveform conversion circuit, this pulse current is converted into a pulse voltage signal. On the one hand, this pulse voltage signal can be used by an external acquisition device to count and convert it into an environmental radiation dose reading. On the other hand, the control circuit counts the number of pulse voltages per unit time and adjusts the energy transmission of the transformer T1 in the next cycle based on the number of pulses. Thus, the high-voltage power supply in this embodiment greatly reduces static power consumption while ensuring that the output voltage is maintained at a suitable value, and also simplifies the circuit and is more conducive to miniaturization design.

[0039] In the specific implementation process, the output terminal of the voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the anode interface JG+ of the counter tube GM1 through a second resistor R2.

[0040] In this embodiment, as a specific implementation of the control circuit, the control circuit includes a programmable control chip U1, a crystal oscillator Y1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first resistor R1, and a first switching transistor Q1. The input terminals of the control circuit include a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The power input terminal of the programmable control chip U1 serves as the first input terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the power supply. The feedback signal acquisition terminal of the programmable control chip U1 serves as the second input terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the waveform conversion circuit. The input terminal of the crystal oscillator Y1 of the programmable control chip U1 is connected to the first and second input terminals of the crystal oscillator Y1. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of crystal oscillator Y1 of programmable controller chip U1 and one end of third capacitor C3. The drive signal output of programmable controller chip U1 is connected to one end of first resistor R1. The ground of programmable controller chip U1, the other end of second capacitor C2, and the other end of third capacitor C3 are all connected to ground. The other end of first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of first switch transistor Q1. The second end of first switch transistor Q1 is connected to the opposite end of the primary winding of transformer T1 as the output of control circuit. The third end of first switch transistor Q1 is connected to ground.

[0041] Specifically, the control circuit is used to control the energy transfer of transformer T1 in the next cycle based on the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle, specifically including:

[0042] The programmable control chip U1 determines whether the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle is greater than the preset counting threshold.

[0043] If not, the programmable controller chip U1 outputs a low-frequency drive signal to the first switch Q1 in the next cycle to control the first switch Q1 to turn on and off according to the frequency of the low-frequency drive signal. During the non-output drive signal time in the cycle, the programmable controller chip U1 enters standby mode.

[0044] If so, the programmable controller chip U1 outputs a high-frequency drive signal to the first switch Q1 in the next cycle to control the first switch Q1 to turn on and off according to the frequency of the high-frequency drive signal.

[0045] Transformer T1 transmits energy according to the frequency of the first switching transistor Q1 being turned on and off.

[0046] Specifically, the programmable control chip U1 is a programmable control chip with low standby power consumption; the control chip is a programmable single-chip microcomputer chip with standby mode, and its minimum operating voltage can be as low as 1.8V. In standby mode, the standby current is less than 1uA.

[0047] The control circuit consists of a programmable control chip U1 and a first switching transistor Q1. The programmable control chip U1 counts the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle, and adjusts the frequency and duty cycle of the drive signal driving the first switching transistor Q1 according to the number of pulse voltage signals, so that the transformer T1 can store and transfer energy, reducing power consumption while maintaining stable output voltage. The high-voltage power supply provided in this embodiment has a power consumption as low as 0.2mW when used in a normal environment, which can greatly improve the battery life of the handheld nuclear radiation meter. The input voltage can be as low as 2.3V, which can make fuller use of the battery energy in the handheld nuclear radiation meter.

[0048] As a specific implementation of the waveform conversion circuit, the waveform conversion circuit includes a transistor Q2, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4; the base of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, serving as the first input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for connection to the cathode interface JG- of the counter transistor GM1; the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the third resistor R3, serving as the output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for connection to the input terminal of the control circuit and for connection to an external data acquisition device; the emitter and collector of transistor Q2 are grounded; the other end of the third resistor R3 serves as the second input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for connection to the power supply; the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is grounded.

[0049] Specifically, the gas electric field inside the counter tube GM1 is excited to form a pulse current, which flows from the cathode of the counter tube GM1 through resistor R4 to the base of transistor Q2, causing transistor Q2 to saturate and conduct. At this time, the VCE voltage of transistor Q2 is close to 0.3V. When the pulse current is released, transistor Q2 is cut off again. In this process, the process of transistor Q2 switching from cutoff to saturation and then back to cutoff will generate a reverse pulse voltage signal. On the one hand, this pulse voltage signal is output to the external acquisition unit to be converted into an environmental radiation dose reading; on the other hand, this pulse voltage is collected and counted by the programmable control chip U1.

[0050] As a specific implementation of a voltage multiplier circuit, the voltage multiplier circuit includes diodes and capacitors, and the number of diodes and the number of capacitors are the same.

[0051] Specifically, the voltage multiplier circuit is a CW voltage multiplier circuit, a Max voltage multiplier circuit, or a Sinkell voltage multiplier circuit.

[0052] Specifically, there are three diodes and three capacitors; the voltage multiplier circuit can have a voltage multiplication level of up to 3 times, or even more voltage multiplication levels such as 4 times or 5 times.

[0053] In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the voltage multiplier circuit adopts the Sinkell voltage multiplier circuit and the voltage multiplication stage is 3 times; the voltage multiplier circuit boosts the voltage of the secondary winding for the second time, and the voltage after the second boost powers the Geiger-Müller counter tube GM1.

[0054] Specifically, the clamping circuit is TVS diode D4, but it can be replaced with other devices or circuits with clamping functions. The clamping circuit is used to clamp the voltage when the voltage after the second boost is too high, protecting the Geiger-Müller counter GM1 at the back end from being damaged by excessive voltage.

[0055] Specifically, in order to provide a stable operating voltage for the module, the high-voltage power supply also includes a first capacitor C1. One end of the first capacitor C1 is used to connect to the power supply, and the other end is grounded to filter the voltage signal input by the power supply.

[0056] like Figure 3As shown, the high-voltage power supply in this embodiment includes: a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a first switching transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a second diode D3, a crystal oscillator Y1, a transient diode, a programmable control chip U1, and a transformer T1; one end of the third resistor R3, the power input terminal of the programmable control chip U1, and the corresponding terminal of the primary winding of the transformer T1 are all used for power supply... Power supply connection; the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the collector of transistor Q2 and the feedback signal acquisition terminal of programmable controller chip U1, and is used to connect to an external data acquisition device; the base of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, and is used to connect to the cathode interface JG- of counter tube GM1; the input terminal of crystal oscillator Y1 of programmable controller chip U1 is connected to the first terminal of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of the second capacitor C2, and the output terminal of crystal oscillator Y1 of programmable controller chip U1 is connected to the second terminal of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of the third capacitor C3. The drive signal output terminal of the programmable controller chip U1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1; the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first terminal of the first switching transistor Q1; the second terminal of the first switching transistor Q1 is connected to the opposite terminal of the primary winding of the transformer T1; the opposite terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 and one end of the fifth capacitor C5; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4 and the anode of the second diode D2; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 and the second... The anode of diode D3 is connected; the cathode of the second diode D3 is connected together with one end of the sixth capacitor C6 and the cathode of the transient diode, and then connected to the anode interface JG+ of the counter tube GM1; the other end of the fourth resistor R4, the emitter of transistor Q2, the ground terminal of programmable control chip U1, the other end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the third capacitor C3, the third terminal of the first switching transistor Q1, the same-name terminal of the secondary winding of transformer T1, the other end of the fourth capacitor C4, the other end of the sixth capacitor C6, and the anode of the transient diode are all grounded.

[0057] Specifically, the first switching transistor Q1 is a MOSFET; the programmable control chip U1 is an MSP430 control chip, which has a total of 16 pins, which can be divided into pin 1, pin 2, ..., pin 16. Among them, the feedback signal acquisition terminal is pin 1, the power input terminal is pin 5, the ground terminal is pin 6, the crystal oscillator Y1 input terminal is pin 7, the crystal oscillator Y1 output terminal is pin 8, and the drive signal output terminal is pin 15.

[0058] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 The working principle of this embodiment is explained as follows:

[0059] The control chip MSP430 starts operating after oscillation via crystal oscillator Y1, second capacitor C2, and third capacitor C3. Pin 15 outputs a low-frequency drive signal, causing the first switching transistor Q1 to turn on and off at the same frequency, thus allowing the transformer to transfer energy from the primary side to the secondary side and perform a first voltage boost. The boosted voltage is then boosted a second time by a voltage multiplier circuit. This second boosted voltage provides a high voltage to the counter transistor GM1 through the second resistor R2, activating GM1. During this process, if the second boosted voltage is too high, exceeding the clamping voltage of the TVS diode D4, TVS diode D4 clamps the voltage to prevent damage to the downstream counter transistor GM1.

[0060] When ambient radiation particles are not captured by the counter tube GM1, no pulse current flows through GM1, and transistor Q2 is cut off due to the lack of current at its base. The VCE voltage of transistor Q2 is approximately equal to the input voltage Vcc. When ambient radiation particles are captured by the counter tube GM1, the gas electric field inside GM1 is excited, forming a pulse current. This pulse current flows from the cathode of the counter tube GM1 through the fourth resistor R4 to the base of transistor Q2, causing transistor Q2 to saturate and conduct. At this time, the VCE voltage of transistor Q2 is close to 0.3V. When the pulse current is released, transistor Q2 is cut off again. During this process, the transition of transistor Q2 from cutoff to saturation conduction and back to cutoff generates a reverse pulse voltage. On one hand, this pulse voltage is output to an external data acquisition unit to be converted into an ambient radiation dose reading; on the other hand, this pulse voltage is collected and counted by the control chip MSP430.

[0061] The MSP430 control chip sets a counting threshold. During the cycle, if the number of pulse voltages is less than the threshold, it indicates a low concentration of radiated particles in the environment. In the next cycle, the MSP430 continues to output a low-frequency drive signal. During the non-drive signal output period, the MSP430 enters standby mode, where power consumption is extremely low, as low as 0.2mW. During this process, because the drive signal frequency is low, the output voltage Vo has a relatively large ripple. However, the Geiger-Müller counter has a wide operating voltage range, so the counter GM1 can maintain normal operation. During the cycle, if the number of pulse voltages exceeds the threshold, it indicates a high concentration of radiated particles in the environment. In the next cycle, the MSP430 outputs a high-frequency drive signal to replenish the energy consumed by the secondary side and maintain a stable output voltage, thus ensuring high detection accuracy. After the MSP430 control chip outputs a high-frequency drive signal, if the number of pulse voltages detected within the cycle time is greater than the counting threshold, the high-frequency drive signal will continue to be output in the next cycle to ensure power supply. If the number of pulse voltages detected within the cycle time is less than the counting threshold, a low-frequency drive signal will be output in the next cycle. It should be noted that the cycle time mentioned here can be set to 500ms, 1s, and 2s, etc., as needed; the counting threshold mentioned here can be set to 10, 20, and 30, etc., and multiple counting thresholds can be set, allowing for multiple drive frequencies to be configured based on different counting thresholds. The drive signal adjustment method can also be changed from PFM mode (adjusting the drive frequency) to PWM mode (adjusting the duty cycle), or even PFM+PWM mode.

[0062] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, replacing the Sinker voltage multiplier circuit of this embodiment with an existing CW voltage multiplier circuit can also achieve the purpose of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Müller counter tube, characterized in that, Includes control circuits, transformers, voltage multiplier circuits, clamping circuits, and waveform conversion circuits; The first input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit is used to interface with the cathode of the counting tube, the second input terminal is used to connect to the power supply, and the output terminal is also used to connect to an external data acquisition device to convert the pulse current excited by the radiating particles of the counting tube into a pulse voltage signal. The input terminal of the control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit and is used to connect to the power supply. The output terminal is connected to the opposite terminal of the primary winding of the transformer and is used to control the energy transmission of the transformer in the next cycle according to the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the power supply, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the input terminal of the voltage multiplier circuit for energy transmission and to boost the voltage signal of the primary winding for the first time. The output terminal of the voltage multiplier circuit is connected to the input terminal of the clamping circuit, and is used to perform a second voltage boost on the boosted voltage signal. The output terminal of the clamping circuit is used to connect to the anode interface of the counter tube, and is used to clamp the voltage signal after the second boost when the voltage signal is higher than the clamping voltage of the clamping circuit. The control circuit includes a programmable control chip and a first switching transistor; The control circuit is used to control the energy transfer of the transformer in the next cycle based on the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle, specifically including: The programmable control chip determines whether the number of pulse voltage signals output by the waveform conversion circuit in the current cycle is greater than a preset counting threshold. If not, the programmable control chip outputs a low-frequency drive signal to the first switch in the next cycle to control the first switch to turn on and off according to the frequency of the low-frequency drive signal, and the programmable control chip enters standby mode during the non-output drive signal time in the cycle. If so, the programmable control chip outputs a high-frequency drive signal to the first switch in the next cycle to control the first switch to turn on and off according to the frequency of the high-frequency drive signal. The transformer transmits energy according to the frequency of the first switching transistor's on and off states.

2. The high-voltage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit includes a programmable controller chip, a crystal oscillator, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first resistor, and a first switching transistor. The input terminals of the control circuit include a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The power input terminal of the programmable controller chip serves as the first input terminal of the control circuit and is connected to a power supply. The feedback signal acquisition terminal of the programmable controller chip serves as the second input terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the waveform conversion circuit. The crystal oscillator input terminal of the programmable controller chip is connected to the first end of the crystal oscillator and one end of the second capacitor. The crystal oscillator output terminal of the programmable controller chip is connected to the second end of the crystal oscillator and one end of the third capacitor. The drive signal output terminal of the programmable controller chip is connected to one end of the first resistor. The ground terminal of the programmable controller chip, the other end of the second capacitor, and the other end of the third capacitor are all connected to ground. The other end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor. The second end of the first switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the control circuit and is connected to the opposite end of the primary winding of the transformer. The third end of the first switching transistor is connected to ground.

3. The high-voltage power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, The programmable control chip is a programmable control chip with low standby power consumption.

4. The high-voltage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveform conversion circuit includes a transistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The base of the transistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor, serving as the first input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for interface with the cathode of the counter tube. The collector of the transistor is connected to one end of the third resistor, serving as the output terminal of the waveform conversion circuit, connected to the input terminal of the control circuit, and used for connection with an external data acquisition device. The emitter and collector of the transistor are grounded. The other end of the third resistor serves as the second input terminal of the waveform conversion circuit for connection to the power supply. The other end of the fourth resistor is grounded.

5. The high-voltage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage multiplier circuit includes diodes and capacitors, and the number of diodes is the same as the number of capacitors.

6. The high-voltage power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, The voltage multiplier circuit is a CW voltage multiplier circuit, a Max voltage multiplier circuit, or a Sinkell voltage multiplier circuit.

7. The high-voltage power supply according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a first capacitor, one end of which is connected to the power supply and the other end is grounded, for filtering the voltage signal input from the power supply.

8. A high-voltage power supply for a Geiger-Müller counter tube, characterized in that, include: A first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a first switching transistor, a transistor, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a crystal oscillator, a transient diode, a programmable logic controller (PLC) chip, and a transformer are included. One end of the third resistor, the power input terminal of the PLC chip, and the corresponding terminal of the primary winding of the transformer are all used to connect to the power supply. The other end of the third resistor is connected to the collector of the transistor and the feedback signal acquisition terminal of the PLC chip, and is used to connect to an external data acquisition device. The base of the transistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor, and is used to connect to the cathode interface of the counter tube. The crystal oscillator input terminal of the PLC chip is connected to the first terminal of the crystal oscillator and one end of the second capacitor. The crystal oscillator output terminal of the PLC chip is connected to the second terminal of the crystal oscillator and one end of the third capacitor. The drive signal output terminal of the PLC chip is connected to the first capacitor. One end of the first resistor is connected; the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the first switching transistor; the second end of the first switching transistor is connected to the opposite end of the primary winding of the transformer; the opposite end of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the anode of the first diode and one end of the fifth capacitor; the cathode of the first diode is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor and the anode of the second diode; the cathode of the second diode is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor and the anode of the third diode; the cathode of the third diode is connected to one end of the sixth capacitor and the cathode of the transient diode, and then connected to the anode interface of the counter tube; the other end of the fourth resistor, the emitter of the transistor, the ground of the programmable control chip, the other end of the second capacitor, the other end of the third capacitor, the third end of the first switching transistor, the same end of the secondary winding of the transformer, the other end of the fourth capacitor, the other end of the sixth capacitor, and the anode of the transient diode are all grounded.

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