A parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system, method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system, method and application, wherein the measurement system comprises an incident end star tooling and a receiving end planet tooling; the incident end star tooling comprises a first annular base; an incident transducer is installed in the inner hole of the first annular base, and the incident transducer can rotate circumferentially in the first annular base; an incident end measuring scale is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular base; the receiving end planet tooling comprises a second annular base; a receiving transducer is installed in the inner hole of the second annular base, and the receiving transducer can rotate circumferentially in the second annular base; a receiving end measuring scale is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular base, and the receiving end measuring scale is slidably connected to the incident end measuring scale. The parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system described in the present invention can reliably detect and calculate the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the detection surface using the conventional A-type pulse reflection method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material detection and relates to a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system, method and application. Background Art

[0002] Life prediction in fracture fatigue analysis can be divided into two major steps. The first part is to solve the crack propagation path, which mainly includes determining the crack propagation rate and crack propagation direction. When solving the crack propagation path, it is divided into three stages, namely crack initiation, stable crack propagation and rapid fracture. The second part is life prediction, which is mainly to set a failure limit for the solved crack propagation path. When the crack extends to this limit, the container is considered to have failed. At this time, the solved time period is the life cycle of the container. The failure limit here is the critical size of the crack, so the main work of the life prediction module is to calculate the critical size based on the failure criterion and finally obtain the life cycle.

[0003] Accurately judging the depth, length, height and direction of cracks is of great significance for establishing fracture models and predicting life. Ultrasonic testing is usually used to quantify buried crack defects. TOFD (time difference method of ultrasonic diffraction) can be used to accurately measure the height of crack defects, especially the use of TOFD parallel scanning to obtain the deflection angle of crack defects, but it requires high experience from personnel. In addition, TOFD requires equipment and supporting tooling, making the detection process complicated and difficult to operate. Therefore, the use of conventional A-type pulse reflection method to reliably detect the crack direction can greatly simplify the work process and improve the portability of defect detection. However, there is currently no systematic introduction to crack direction measurement methods and tooling in conventional A-ultrasound standards and textbooks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a parallel ultrasonic crack direction measurement system, which provides an independent and rotatable incident transducer and receiving transducer whose relative positions can be adjusted by sliding the incident measuring scale and the receiving measuring scale. When in use, the entire system can be set parallel to the surface of the workpiece to be inspected, and the transmission of ultrasonic waves between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected can be achieved by means of a coupling agent between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected. Under the premise that defects such as cracks are known to be directional, the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the inspection surface can be reliably detected and obtained with the help of a conventional A-type pulse reflection method.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement method.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to propose the application of a parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first embodiment of the present invention proposes a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system, including a star tooling at the incident end and a planet tooling at the receiving end;

[0008] The incident end star tooling comprises a first annular base; an incident transducer is installed in the inner hole of the first annular base, and the incident transducer can rotate in the circumferential direction in the first annular base; an incident end measuring ruler is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular base;

[0009] The receiving end planetary tooling includes a second annular base; a receiving transducer is installed in the inner hole of the second annular base, and the receiving transducer can rotate circumferentially in the second annular base; a receiving end measuring ruler is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular base, and the receiving end measuring ruler is slidably connected to the incident end measuring ruler, which is used to adjust and measure the distance between the first annular base and the second annular base.

[0010] The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system of the embodiment of the present invention is equipped with independent and rotatable incident transducers and receiving transducers whose relative positions can be adjusted by sliding the incident measuring scale and the receiving measuring scale. When in use, the entire system can be set parallel to the surface of the workpiece to be inspected, and the transmission of ultrasonic waves between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected is achieved by the coupling agent between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected. The deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the inspection surface can be reliably detected and obtained by the conventional A-type pulse reflection method.

[0011] In addition, the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system proposed in the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the incident transducer is detachably mounted in the inner hole of the first annular base; and the receiving transducer is detachably mounted in the inner hole of the second annular base.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least three incident end pressure heads are provided in the circumferential direction within the first annular matrix; one end of all the incident end pressure heads extends into the inner hole of the first annular matrix, and the end portions are in point contact with the incident transducer; at least three receiving end pressure heads are provided in the circumferential direction within the second annular matrix; one end of all the receiving end pressure heads extends into the inner hole of the second annular matrix, and the end portions are in point contact with the receiving transducer.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least three first mounting holes are provided in the circumferential direction of the first annular base; one of the incident end pressure heads is installed in all the first mounting holes, and the incident end pressure head can move in the first mounting hole along the radial direction of the first annular base towards and away from the incident transducer to compress and relax the incident transducer; at least three second mounting holes are provided in the circumferential direction of the second annular base; one of the receiving end pressure heads is installed in all the second mounting holes, and the receiving end pressure head can move in the second mounting hole along the radial direction of the second annular base towards and away from the receiving transducer to compress and relax the receiving transducer.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system further includes an incident end clamping spring arranged in each first mounting hole and a receiving end clamping spring arranged in each second mounting hole; the incident end clamping spring is arranged on the side of the incident end pressure head away from the incident transducer, and the receiving end clamping spring is arranged on the side of the receiving end pressure head away from the receiving transducer; one end of the incident end clamping spring is fixedly connected to the incident end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first annular base; one end of the receiving end clamping spring is fixedly connected to the receiving end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second annular base.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, all the incident end pressure heads are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first annular matrix, and the incident end measuring scale is set at the middle position between any two adjacent incident end pressure heads; all the receiving end pressure heads are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second annular matrix, and the receiving end measuring scale is set at the middle position between any two adjacent receiving end pressure heads.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the incident end measuring ruler is an "I"-shaped guide rail, and the end face close to the first annular base is the coordinate zero point; the receiving end measuring ruler is an "I"-shaped groove formed by a double-sided "convex" symmetrical structure, and the end face of the receiving end measuring ruler away from the second annular base is the coordinate zero point.

[0018] To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic measurement method for parallel crack orientation, comprising:

[0019] Placing the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system as described above on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected;

[0020] Coating a coupling agent on both the surface of the incident transducer close to the inspected workpiece and the surface of the receiving transducer close to the inspected workpiece; or, coating a coupling agent on the surface of the inspected workpiece;

[0021] Move the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system and adjust its position relative to the workpiece to be inspected. When a crack defect is found in the workpiece to be inspected, the incident transducer remains fixed, and the receiving transducer moves in a direction close to or away from the incident transducer to scan the crack defect in the length direction. At the same time, the receiving transducer is rotated to scan the crack defect in the width direction until the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, and the angle of the crack defect in the workpiece to deviate from the normal of the detection surface is obtained.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the ultrasonic measurement method for the parallel crack orientation of the embodiment of the present invention and the ultrasonic measurement system for the parallel crack orientation of the embodiment of the present invention are basically the same, and will not be described in detail here.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, the method for obtaining the angle at which the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviates from the normal of the detection surface is as follows: fix the receiving end transducer, record the displayed depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, the full length of the receiving end measuring scale and the reading of the position where the starting point of the receiving end measuring scale is located on the incident end measuring scale, first calculate the angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal of the crack defect according to formula (1), and then calculate the angle at which the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviates from the normal of the detection surface according to formula (2);

[0024] b = arctan[(r 1 +r 2 +L+y) / h] Formula (1)

[0025] In formula (1):

[0026] b——the angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °;

[0027] r1——the outer radius of the first annular base, mm;

[0028] r2——the outer radius of the second annular base, mm;

[0029] L——Full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end, mm;

[0030] y——the reading of the starting point of the receiving end measuring scale on the incident end measuring scale, mm;

[0031] h——the display depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, which is the vertical height between the surface of the inspected workpiece and the crack defect detection point, mm;

[0032] a=(π-b) / 2 Formula (2)

[0033] In formula (2):

[0034] a——The angle of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviating from the normal of the inspection surface, °;

[0035] b——the angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °;

[0036] π——180°.

[0037] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the third aspect of the present invention proposes the application of the above-mentioned parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system in the field of material flaw detection.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the materials in the field of material flaw detection may be steel, ceramics, and other objects that can be detected using type A pulse ultrasound.

[0039] The application of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the beneficial effects of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0040] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0042] Figure 1 A perspective view of a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system in use according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A front view of a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system in use according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 A side view of a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system in use according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 A top view of a parallel type crack direction ultrasonic measurement system in use according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 A perspective view of a star tooling at the incident end and a planet tooling at the receiving end of a parallel type crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 It is a front view of a star tooling at the incident end and a planet tooling at the receiving end of a parallel type crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7The figure is a top view of a star tooling at the incident end and a planet tooling at the receiving end of a parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Reference numerals:

[0050] 1 represents the incident transducer;

[0051] 2 represents the receiving transducer;

[0052] 3 represents the incident end star tooling;

[0053] 3-1 represents the pressure head at the incident end;

[0054] 3-2 represents the compression spring at the incident end;

[0055] 3-3 represents the incident end measuring ruler;

[0056] 3-4 represents the first cyclic matrix;

[0057] 4 represents the planetary tooling at the receiving end;

[0058] 4-1 represents the pressure head at the receiving end;

[0059] 4-2 represents the receiving end compression spring;

[0060] 4-3 represents the measuring ruler at the receiving end;

[0061] 4-4 represents the second ring base;

[0062] 5 represents the workpiece to be tested;

[0063] 5-1 represents a crack defect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0065] The following describes a parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system and a parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Figure 1 The present invention is a perspective view of a parallel type ultrasonic crack direction measurement system in use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] like Figure 1As shown, the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system of the embodiment of the present invention includes an incident end star tooling 3 and a receiving end planetary tooling 4; the incident end star tooling 3 includes a first annular substrate 3-4; an incident transducer 1 is installed in the inner hole of the first annular substrate 3-4, and the incident transducer 1 can rotate circumferentially in the first annular substrate 3-4; an incident end measuring scale 3-3 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular substrate 3-4; the receiving end planetary tooling 4 includes a second annular substrate 4-4; a receiving transducer 2 is installed in the inner hole of the second annular substrate 4-4, and the receiving transducer 2 can rotate circumferentially in the second annular substrate 4-4; a receiving end measuring scale 4-3 is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular substrate 4-4, and the receiving end measuring scale 4-3 is slidably connected to the incident end measuring scale 3-3, which is used to adjust and measure the distance between the first annular substrate 3-4 and the second annular substrate 4-4.

[0068] The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system of the embodiment of the present invention is equipped with independent and rotatable incident transducers and receiving transducers whose relative positions can be adjusted by sliding the incident measuring scale and the receiving measuring scale. When in use, the entire system can be set parallel to the surface of the workpiece to be inspected, and the transmission of ultrasonic waves between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected is achieved by the coupling agent between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected. Under the premise that defects such as cracks are known to be directional, the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the inspection surface can be reliably detected and obtained with the help of the conventional A-type pulse reflection method.

[0069] It is understandable that the first annular substrate and the second annular substrate can be circular in the usual sense, or can be annular in a broad sense, such as a "U"-shaped structure with a hollow middle of a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped, but for ease of detection, a circular shape in the usual sense is preferred in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0070] Optionally, the installation method of the incident transducer in the first annular matrix and the installation method of the receiving transducer in the second annular matrix are not limited, as long as the circumferential rotation of the incident transducer and the circumferential rotation of the receiving transducer can be achieved, and it is ensured that the incident transducer does not separate from the inner hole of the first annular matrix and the receiving transducer does not separate from the inner hole of the second annular matrix during use. For example, the incident transducer 1 is detachably installed in the inner hole of the first annular matrix 3-4, and the receiving transducer 2 is detachably installed in the inner hole of the second annular matrix 4-4.

[0071] Optionally, the implementation method of detachably mounting the incident transducer and the inner hole of the first annular substrate may be: Figure 1-4As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, at least three incident end pressure heads 3-1 are provided in the circumferential direction in the first annular base 3-4; one end of all the incident end pressure heads 3-1 extends into the inner hole of the first annular base 3-4, and the end portion is in point contact with the incident transducer 1. In this way, it is possible to achieve the relative fixation of the incident transducer in the inner hole of the first annular base by multiple incident end pressure heads, and to achieve the circumferential rotation of the incident transducer. In other embodiments of the present invention, in order to facilitate the installation of the incident transducer and better fix it, at least three first mounting holes are provided in the circumferential direction in the first annular base 3-4, and an incident end pressure head 3-1 is installed in all the first mounting holes, and the incident end pressure head 3-1 can move in the first mounting hole along the radial direction of the first annular base 3-4 toward and away from the incident transducer 1, so as to compress and relax the incident transducer 1. The specific implementation method is not limited. In some embodiments, it also includes an incident end clamping spring 3-2 arranged in each first mounting hole, and the incident end clamping spring 3-2 is arranged on the side of the incident end pressure head 3-1 away from the incident transducer 1; in order to improve the stability of the system, one end of the incident end clamping spring 3-2 is fixedly connected to the incident end pressure head 3-1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first annular base 3-4. The fixed connection method of the incident end clamping spring, the incident end pressure head, and the first annular base is not limited, and can be welding (such as electric welding, etc.) or adhesive bonding, etc. It should be noted that the above-mentioned connection method between the incident end clamping spring and the incident end pressure head and the first annular base is not only applicable to the case where the first mounting hole is a through hole, but also applicable to the case where the first mounting hole is a blind hole. When the first mounting hole is a blind hole radially arranged along the first annular base, the connection method between the incident end clamping spring, the incident end pressure head and the first annular base can also be: the side of the incident end clamping spring 3-2 close to the incident end pressure head can be tightly attached to the incident end pressure head, and the end of the incident end clamping spring 3-2 away from the incident end pressure head can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the first mounting hole located at the very end of the first mounting hole for limiting, or fixedly connected by welding or gluing. However, this connection method requires that the incident end pressure head will not pop out of the first mounting hole when the incident end pressure spring is in a naturally extended state, and that the incident end pressure head can still extend into the inner hole of the first annular substrate when the incident end pressure spring is in a naturally extended state. At the same time, when the incident transducer is installed into the inner hole of the first annular substrate, it can also be ensured that under the action of the incident end pressure spring, the incident end pressure head can make point contact with the incident transducer and press it. Otherwise, the system stability may be weaker than the case where the incident end pressure spring is fixedly connected to the incident end pressure head and the first annular substrate.It should also be noted that in order to ensure that the pressure head at the incident end can make point contact with the incident transducer and press it, it is best to ensure that the pressure head at the incident end vertically contacts the surface of the incident transducer (non-vertical is also possible, but the system stability is slightly worse). For example, the following design can be adopted: the pressure head at the incident end is coaxially arranged with the first mounting hole, and they are both arranged vertically with the surface of the incident transducer, the pressure head at the incident end is slidably connected to the first mounting hole through a smooth surface, the end of the pressure head at the incident end that contacts the incident transducer is conical or hemispherical, and the end that contacts the compression spring at the incident end is cylindrical, and the conical or hemispherical part and the cylindrical part are integrally formed.

[0072] Optionally, the implementation method of the detachable installation of the receiving transducer and the inner hole of the second annular base is exactly the same as the implementation method of the detachable installation of the incident transducer and the inner hole of the first annular base, except that the first annular base, the first mounting hole, the incident end pressure head, the incident end clamping spring, and the incident transducer are respectively replaced by the second annular base, the second mounting hole, the receiving end pressure head, the receiving end clamping spring, and the receiving transducer. For example: at least three receiving end pressure heads 4-1 are circumferentially arranged in the second annular base 4-4; all the receiving end pressure heads 4-1 have one end extending into the inner hole of the second annular base 4-4, and the end portion is in contact with the receiving transducer 2 points.

[0073] At least three second mounting holes are provided in the circumferential direction in the second annular base 4-4; a receiving end pressure head 4-1 is installed in all the second mounting holes, and the receiving end pressure head 4-1 can move in the second mounting hole along the radial direction of the second annular base 4-4 toward and away from the receiving transducer 2 to compress and loosen the receiving transducer 2. It also includes a receiving end compression spring 4-2 provided in each second mounting hole; one end of the receiving end compression spring 4-2 is fixedly connected to the receiving end pressure head 4-1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second annular base 4-4. In addition, the structure of the receiving end pressure head is completely consistent with that of the incident end pressure head, which will not be repeated here.

[0074] It is understandable that the incident end pressure head is fixedly connected to the incident end clamping spring. For the convenience of installation, the incident end pressure head and the incident end clamping spring can be assembled as a set, and the whole can be installed with the first annular base. Similarly, the receiving end pressure head can also be assembled with the receiving end clamping spring, and the whole can be installed with the second annular base. In addition, when the incident end clamping spring is in a natural telescopic state, the distance from the incident end pressure head to the center of the circle or center of the first annular base is slightly smaller than the radius of the incident transducer, such as a difference of 1mm between the two; similarly, when the receiving end clamping spring is in a natural telescopic state, the distance from the receiving end pressure head to the center of the circle or center of the inner hole of the second annular base is slightly smaller than the radius of the receiving transducer, such as a difference of 1mm between the two. In this way, during assembly, the incident transducer 1 presses all the incident end pressure heads 3-1 on the first annular base, and puts the incident end pressure spring 3-2 in a compressed state, so that the incident end pressure head 3-1 is in point contact with the outer surface of the incident transducer 1 and is pressed; the receiving transducer 2 presses all the receiving end pressure heads 4-1 on the second annular base, and puts the receiving end pressure spring 4-2 in a compressed state, so that the receiving end pressure head 4-1 is in point contact with the outer surface of the receiving transducer 2 and is pressed.

[0075] It should be noted that the number of the incident end pressure head and the receiving end pressure head is based on maintaining the rotational stability of the incident transducer and the receiving transducer, so at least 3 are required, and the more the better. However, under the premise of ensuring the rotational stability of the incident transducer and the receiving transducer, reducing the number of tooling and assembly complexity can reduce costs and improve work efficiency. Based on this consideration, the number of the incident end pressure head and the receiving end pressure head is preferably 4.

[0076] Optional, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, in order to maintain radial symmetry between the upper and lower halves of the tooling, the center of gravity of the tooling is maintained on the construction line where the measuring scale is located, all incident end pressure heads 3-1 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first annular base 3-4, and the incident end measuring scale 3-3 is set in the middle of any two adjacent incident end pressure heads 3-1; all receiving end pressure heads 4-1 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second annular base 4-4, and the receiving end measuring scale 4-3 is set in the middle of any two adjacent receiving end pressure heads 4-1. Preferably, in order to improve the stability of the operation, more pressure head spring combinations can be arranged in a circular array, but for the dual considerations of economy and stability, such as Figure 5As shown, the number of the incident end pressure head and the receiving end pressure head are both 4, and the angle between two adjacent incident end pressure heads or two adjacent receiving end pressure heads is 90°. At this time, the line connecting the four incident end pressure heads 3-1 arranged at 90° intervals is used as the coordinate axis, and the first annular base is provided with an incident end measuring ruler 3-3 at 45°. Similarly, the line connecting the four receiving end pressure heads 4-1 arranged at 90° intervals is used as the coordinate axis, and the second annular base is provided with a receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 at 45°. Taking the incident end star tooling as an example, that is, in order to ensure the stability and economy of the connection, the incident end pressure heads are arranged at the four-equal points of the first annular base full circle or the entire frame, and the incident end measuring ruler is located at the midpoint of the first annular base arc or frame where any two incident end pressure heads are located, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown. The receiving end star tooling is similar. It can be understood that although what is mentioned here is the distribution and positional relationship of the incident end pressure head, the incident end measuring scale, the receiving end pressure head, and the receiving end measuring scale relative to the first annular base or the second annular base, since the incident end pressure head is fixedly connected to the incident end clamping spring, and the receiving end pressure head is fixedly connected to the receiving end clamping spring, it is essentially the distribution and relative positional relationship of the combination of the incident end pressure head-the incident end clamping spring, the incident end measuring scale, the receiving end pressure head-the receiving end clamping spring, and the receiving end measuring scale.

[0077] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 is an "I"-shaped guide rail structure, and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 is an "I"-shaped groove formed by a double-sided "convex" symmetrical structure. The incident end measuring ruler 3-3 and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 can be assembled, inserted and slid through each other's "I"-shaped guide rails and "I"-shaped groove concave-convex structures to achieve displacement feeding. The material of the incident end measuring ruler and the receiving end measuring ruler can be metal such as stainless steel and copper, or plastic such as low-density polyethylene and polypropylene.

[0078] Optionally, the upper surfaces of the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 are engraved with scales, with the minimum scale being 1 mm. The end face of the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 close to the first annular base 3-4 is the coordinate zero point, and the end face of the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 away from the second annular base 4-4 is the coordinate zero point.

[0079] Optionally, the first annular base 3-4, the second annular base 4-4, the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 are all arranged parallel to the horizontal plane, and the incident transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2 are both arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In some embodiments, in order to facilitate measurement, the first annular base 3-4, the second annular base 4-4, the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 can also be arranged in a form of bottom parallel (such as Figure 6 shown).

[0080] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, both the incident transducer and the receiving transducer are existing structures. Figure 5-7 As shown, the first annular base, the incident end pressure head, the incident end compression spring, and the incident end measuring ruler together constitute the incident end star tooling; the second annular base, the receiving end pressure head, the receiving end compression spring, and the receiving end measuring ruler together constitute the receiving end planetary tooling. The first annular base and the second annular base, the incident end pressure head and the receiving end pressure head can be made of metals that are not easily deformed, plastics, etc., wherein the metals that are not easily deformed can be stainless steel, copper, etc., and the plastics can be low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.

[0081] The ultrasonic measurement method of the parallel crack orientation according to the embodiment of the present invention (that is, the method of using the ultrasonic measurement of the parallel crack orientation according to the embodiment of the present invention) is:

[0082] Select steel, ceramics and other objects with known directional defects such as cracks that can be detected by A-type pulse ultrasound as the workpiece to be inspected, and coat the incident transducer 1 of the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system on the side close to the workpiece 5 to be inspected and the receiving transducer 2 on the side close to the workpiece 5 to be inspected with a coupling agent such as engine oil, chemical paste, glycerin and water, or coat the surface of the workpiece 5 to be inspected with a coupling agent such as engine oil, chemical paste, glycerin and water, and place the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected 5, and realize ultrasonic transmission between the incident transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2 and the workpiece to be inspected 5 through the coupling agent. Placing the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected 5 can be done by horizontally placing the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected 5 (such as Figure 2 As shown), the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system can also be placed horizontally on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected by pressing.

[0083] Subsequently, the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system can be moved manually or by using an existing automatic moving device (such as a cylinder) along a straight line or a zigzag line to adjust its position relative to the inspected workpiece 5. When a crack defect 5-1 is found in the inspected workpiece 5, in order to accurately measure the angle between the defect 5-1 in the workpiece and the normal of the detection surface, the incident transducer 1 remains fixed, and the receiving transducer 2 moves in a direction approaching or away from the incident transducer 1 to scan the crack defect 5-1 in the length direction. At the same time, the receiving transducer 2 is rotated to scan the crack defect 5-1 in the width direction until the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect 5-1 is found (that is, when the amplitude of the receiving end transducer signal is the highest). The receiving end transducer 2 is fixed and the displayed depth of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 at this time is recorded. The depth is the projection length of the ultrasonic sound beam vertically incident on the defect, that is, the vertical height between the surface of the inspected workpiece 5 and the detection point of the crack defect 5-1. And obtain the distance between the incident transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2 at this time (when the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect 5-1) which is the sum of the radius of the first annular base 3-4 of the incident end star tooling 3, the radius of the second annular base 4-4 of the receiving end planet tooling 4, the full length of the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3, and the reading of the starting point of the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 on the incident end measuring ruler 3-3. First, calculate the angle between the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 and the normal of the crack defect 5-1 according to formula (1), and then calculate the angle of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 deviating from the normal of the detection surface according to formula (2). Where:

[0084] b = arctan[(r 1 +r 2 +L+y) / h] Formula (1)

[0085] In formula (1):

[0086] b——the angle between the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 and the normal line of the crack defect 5-1, degrees;

[0087] r1——the outer radius of the first annular base, mm;

[0088] r2——the outer radius of the second annular base, mm;

[0089] L——Full length of measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end, mm;

[0090] y——the reading of the starting point of the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 on the incident end measuring ruler 3-3, mm;

[0091] h——the display depth of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5, which is the vertical height between the surface of the inspected workpiece 5 and the detection point of the crack defect 5-1, mm;

[0092] a=(π-b) / 2 Formula (2)

[0093] In formula (2):

[0094] a——the angle of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 deviating from the normal of the inspection surface, °;

[0095] b——the angle between the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 and the normal line of the crack defect 5-1, degrees;

[0096] π——180°.

[0097] It should be noted that in the above detection process, the full length of the receiving end measuring ruler is related to the detection range of the crack defect depth. To ensure that the reflected signal can be received, if the detection depth is large, the full length of the receiving end measuring ruler should be longer, and if the detection depth is shallow, the full length of the receiving end measuring ruler should be shorter. In actual use, L can be selected as needed, and this value does not affect the realization of the measurement method. The movement of the receiving end transducer can be achieved by moving the second annular matrix manually or in other ways, and the fixing of the receiving end transducer can be achieved by placing the second annular matrix on the surface of the workpiece to be measured.

[0098] In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data, the angle b between the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 and the normal of the crack defect 5-1 can be repeatedly measured three times, and the corresponding angle a of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 deviating from the normal of the detection surface can be calculated. The average value of the angle a of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 deviating from the normal of the detection surface obtained three times can be calculated, and the average value can be approximated as the angle a of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 deviating from the normal of the detection surface.

[0099] The groove of a butt weld usually has a groove angle. When verifying the groove unmelted or groove crack defects, single-point positioning is usually used for rough judgment. This measurement method is used to measure the direction of the defect. If the defect direction is consistent with the groove angle, it can be used as effective evidence for the qualitative characterization of the defect.

[0100] In summary, the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system of the embodiment of the present invention can realize A-ultrasound measurement of the crack direction through a highly stable detection tooling and can adopt the correct method to perform manual operations, etc., reliably detect and calculate the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the detection surface, and simplify the working process of crack direction measurement.

[0101] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0102] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0103] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0104] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0105] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0106] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system, characterized in that: Including incident end star tooling and receiving end planet tooling; The incident end star tooling comprises a first annular base; an incident transducer is installed in the inner hole of the first annular base, and the incident transducer can rotate in the circumferential direction in the first annular base; an incident end measuring ruler is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular base; The receiving end planetary tooling comprises a second annular base; a receiving transducer is installed in the inner hole of the second annular base, and the receiving transducer can rotate circumferentially in the second annular base; a receiving end measuring ruler is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular base, and the receiving end measuring ruler is slidably connected to the incident end measuring ruler, and is used to adjust and measure the distance between the first annular base and the second annular base; The incident end measuring ruler is an "I"-shaped guide rail, and the end face close to the first annular base is the coordinate zero point; the receiving end measuring ruler is an "I"-shaped groove formed by a double-sided "convex" symmetrical structure, and the end face of the receiving end measuring ruler away from the second annular base is the coordinate zero point.

2. The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The incident transducer is detachably mounted in the inner hole of the first annular base; the receiving transducer is detachably mounted in the inner hole of the second annular base.

3. The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: At least three incident end pressure heads are arranged in the circumferential direction inside the first annular matrix; one end of all the incident end pressure heads extends into the inner hole of the first annular matrix, and the end portion is in point contact with the incident transducer; at least three receiving end pressure heads are arranged in the circumferential direction inside the second annular matrix; one end of all the receiving end pressure heads extends into the inner hole of the second annular matrix, and the end portion is in point contact with the receiving transducer.

4. The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: At least three first mounting holes are provided in the circumferential direction of the first annular base; one of the incident end pressure heads is installed in all the first mounting holes, and the incident end pressure head can move in the first mounting hole along the radial direction of the first annular base towards and away from the incident transducer to compress and relax the incident transducer; at least three second mounting holes are provided in the circumferential direction of the second annular base; one of the receiving end pressure heads is installed in all the second mounting holes, and the receiving end pressure head can move in the second mounting hole along the radial direction of the second annular base towards and away from the receiving transducer to compress and relax the receiving transducer.

5. The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an incident end clamping spring arranged in each first mounting hole and a receiving end clamping spring arranged in each second mounting hole; the incident end clamping spring is arranged on the side of the incident end pressure head away from the incident transducer, and the receiving end clamping spring is arranged on the side of the receiving end pressure head away from the receiving transducer; one end of the incident end clamping spring is fixedly connected to the incident end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first annular base; one end of the receiving end clamping spring is fixedly connected to the receiving end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second annular base.

6. The parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to claim 3, characterized in that: All the incident end pressure heads are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first annular base, and the incident end measuring ruler is set at the middle position of any two adjacent incident end pressure heads; all the receiving end pressure heads are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second annular base, and the receiving end measuring ruler is set at the middle position of any two adjacent receiving end pressure heads.

7. Application of the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the field of material flaw detection.

8. A method for ultrasonic measurement of parallel crack orientation, characterized in that: include: Placing the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected; Coating a coupling agent on both the surface of the incident transducer close to the inspected workpiece and the surface of the receiving transducer close to the inspected workpiece; or, coating a coupling agent on the surface of the inspected workpiece; Move the parallel crack direction ultrasonic measurement system and adjust its position relative to the workpiece to be inspected. When a crack defect is found in the workpiece to be inspected, the incident transducer remains fixed, and the receiving transducer moves in a direction close to or away from the incident transducer to scan the crack defect in the length direction. At the same time, the receiving transducer is rotated to scan the crack defect in the width direction until the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, and the angle of the crack defect in the workpiece to deviate from the normal of the detection surface is obtained.

9. The ultrasonic measurement method for parallel crack orientation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, the method for obtaining the angle of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviating from the normal of the detection surface is as follows: fix the receiving end transducer, record the displayed depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, the full length of the receiving end measuring scale and the reading of the position of the receiving end measuring scale starting point on the incident end measuring scale, first calculate the angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal of the crack defect according to formula (1), and then calculate the angle of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviating from the normal of the detection surface according to formula (2); b = arctan[(r1+r2+L+y) / h] Formula (1) In formula (1): b——the angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °; r1——the outer radius of the first annular base, mm; r2——the outer radius of the second annular base, mm; L——Full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end, mm; y——the reading of the starting point of the receiving end measuring scale on the incident end measuring scale, mm; h——the display depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, which is the vertical height between the surface of the inspected workpiece and the crack defect detection point, mm; a=(π-b) / 2Formula (2) In formula (2): a——The angle of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviating from the normal of the inspection surface, °; b——the angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °; π——180°。

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