A test device and method of manufacture

Abstract

The application discloses a detection test piece and a manufacturing method thereof. The detection test piece comprises a test piece base body and a defect unit. The defect unit comprises a platform and an accessory. The platform is arranged in a bevel of the test piece base body. A first artificial defect with a predetermined shape and / or a predetermined size is not processed or processed in the platform. The accessory assembled with the platform is processed with a second artificial defect corresponding to the platform, which has a predetermined shape and / or a predetermined size. The first artificial defect and the second artificial defect are mutually spliced into a complete artificial defect with a predetermined shape and / or a predetermined size. When the platform is not processed, only the second artificial defect constitutes a complete artificial defect with a predetermined shape and / or a predetermined size. After the contact interface of the welding platform and the accessory is refilled and welded with the bevel of the test piece base body, the detection test piece containing the high-precision artificial defect with the predetermined shape, the size and the position can be manufactured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nondestructive testing, specifically relating to a test specimen and its fabrication method. Background Technology

[0002] When researching and developing new nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, validating existing NDT methods, or conducting safety assessments or verifying fracture mechanics evaluations of structures, it is often necessary to create test specimens containing artificial defects of known shape, size, and orientation. Typically, the validation process for an NDT method involves applying the method to be validated to one or a group of test specimens containing known artificial defects. If the known artificial defects can be detected and accurately quantified, or if the false negative and false positive rates meet specified criteria, the NDT method is considered validated.

[0003] In existing technologies, a common method for pre-embedding artificial defects in test specimens is to first machine holes in the bevel of the test specimen or to use metal blocks for surrounding welding, and then fill the hole with welding. The disadvantage of this type of test specimen containing artificial defects is that it differs significantly from the actual defects in the product, and it is difficult to accurately control the shape and size of the defects. This disadvantage becomes more pronounced when the predetermined size of the artificial defect is very small. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art by providing a test specimen and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the test specimen contains a high-precision artificial defect with a predetermined position, shape, size and containment that is closer to the real one.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A test specimen includes a specimen substrate and a defect unit. The defect unit includes a platform and an accessory. The platform is disposed within a bevel of the specimen substrate. The platform is either unprocessed or has a first artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. The accessory, which is assembled with the platform, has a second artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to the platform. The first artificial defect and the second artificial defect are combined to form a complete artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. Alternatively, when the platform is unprocessed, the second artificial defect alone constitutes a complete artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size.

[0007] Preferably, the shapes of the first artificial defect and the second artificial defect are volumetric, area-based, or a combination of volume and area.

[0008] Preferably, the accessory is trapezoidal in shape, and the remaining material size after processing the second artificial defect is greater than the weld penetration of the subsequent filler weld.

[0009] Preferably, the groove of the test piece is filled with multiple layers and multiple passes of weld, and the defect unit is a group, which is set in any weld pass, or at the junction of weld passes, or at the junction of weld pass and groove; or, the defect unit is a group, which is distributed in multiple weld passes or at different positions of a weld pass.

[0010] A method for manufacturing a test specimen, characterized in that,

[0011] Weld the weld beads in the bevel of the test specimen;

[0012] The defect element is set in the bevel, specifically including:

[0013] A platform is machined at a predetermined position within the bevel of the specimen substrate, and a first artificial defect of predetermined shape and / or predetermined size is machined on the platform, or the platform is not machined.

[0014] A second artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to a first artificial defect on the platform is machined on the attachment, the attachment is installed on the platform, and the first artificial defect and the second artificial defect are combined to form a complete artificial defect; or, when not machined on the platform, only the second artificial defect constitutes a complete artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size.

[0015] After the attachment is installed on the platform, the contact interface between the attachment and the platform is precisely welded together.

[0016] The test specimen is formed by welding subsequent weld beads within the groove where the defect unit is set.

[0017] The test specimen in this invention uses a platform with defects and accessories that work with it. The platform-accessory contact interface is formed by precision welding to create artificial defects within the test specimen. By precisely controlling the position, size, direction, and shape, a test specimen containing near-realistic high-precision artificial defects can be obtained. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test specimen containing multiple artificial defects in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The main view;

[0020] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the platform and the first artificial defect in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the attachment and the second artificial defect in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the platform's first artificial defect and the attachment's second artificial defect combined in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test specimen containing an artificial defect in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The main view.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-First weld layer, 2-Second weld layer, 3-Third weld layer, 4-Fourth weld layer, 5-Fifth weld layer, 6-First artificial defect, 7-Second artificial defect, 8-Platform, 9-Accessories. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without creative effort are within the scope of the invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "above" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience and simplification of the description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] In the description of the invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "setting," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] This invention provides a test specimen, comprising a specimen substrate and a defect unit. The defect unit includes a platform and an accessory. The platform is disposed within a bevel of the specimen substrate. The platform may be unprocessed or have a first artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. The accessory, which is assembled with the platform, has a second artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to the platform. The first artificial defect and the second artificial defect are combined to form a complete artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. Alternatively, when the platform is unprocessed, the second artificial defect alone constitutes a complete artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, this embodiment discloses a test specimen, including a specimen substrate and defective elements, as follows: Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, the defect unit includes a platform 8 and an attachment 9. The platform 8 is disposed within the bevel of the specimen substrate. The platform 8 has a first artificial defect 6 that is either unprocessed or processed with a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. The attachment 9, which is assembled with the platform 8, has a second artificial defect 7 that corresponds to the platform 8 and has a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. The first artificial defect 6 and the second artificial defect 7 are combined to form a complete artificial defect with a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. Alternatively, when the platform 8 is unprocessed, the second artificial defect 7 alone constitutes a complete artificial defect with a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size.

[0033] Optional, such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown, only one set of defect elements can be set in the V-groove of the specimen substrate, and the defect elements are set inside the first weld layer 1.

[0034] Optional, such as Figure 1 , 2As shown, the defect unit can also be in multiple groups, with multiple groups of defect units distributed in the bevel of the specimen substrate. The bevel of the specimen substrate is "V" shaped, and five weld layers are filled in the "V" shaped bevel, which are, from bottom to top, the first weld layer 1, the second weld layer 2, the third weld layer 3, the fourth weld layer 4, and the fifth weld layer 5. The five weld layers are stacked and welded in sequence, and the defect unit is set in these five weld layers. Among them, the first weld layer 1 is the root pass weld layer; the second weld layer 2, the third weld layer 3, and the fourth weld layer 4 are the filler weld layers; and the fifth weld layer 5 is the cover weld layer. Specifically, there are five groups of defect units, all of which are volumetric spherical artificial defects. The first group of artificial defects is located in the first weld layer 1, the second group of artificial defects is located at the junction of the first weld layer 1 and the second weld layer 2, the third group of artificial defects is located at the junction of the second weld layer 2 and the V-shaped bevel, the fourth group of artificial defects is located at the junction of the second weld layer 2 and the third weld layer 3, and the fifth group of artificial defects is located in the third weld layer 3.

[0035] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, the defect unit includes a platform 8 and an attachment 9. The platform 8 is disposed on the first weld layer 1 at the bottom of the V-groove of the specimen substrate. The platform 8 has a first artificial defect 6 of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. The attachment 9, which is assembled with the platform 8, has a second artificial defect 7 of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to the platform 8. The first artificial defect 6 and the second artificial defect 7 are combined to form a complete artificial defect. The first artificial defect 6 and the second artificial defect 7 shown in the figure are two hemispheres, which are combined to form a complete spherical artificial defect. The specific shape of the artificial defect can be set as needed to simulate a hollow sphere with a diameter of 0.3 mm, a hollow hemisphere, a hollow cavity with a round head and a pointed tail, a worm-shaped cavity, a cluster of cavities, etc. Moreover, the inner wall of the artificial defect can be machined to have a smooth or rough inner surface, and the cavity can be filled with welding slag particles to simulate slag inclusion defects as needed.

[0036] Alternatively, in another case, the platform 8 is provided with a volume-area composite artificial defect, and the accessory 9 assembled with the platform 8 is also provided with a corresponding volume-area composite artificial defect. After the accessory 9 is assembled with the platform 8, it forms a volume-area composite artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or a predetermined size.

[0037] Alternatively, in another case, no artificial defects are processed within the platform 8, but an area-type artificial defect is provided on the attachment 9 that is assembled with the platform 8. After the attachment 9 is assembled with the platform 8, it forms an area-type artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size.

[0038] Depending on the requirements, artificial defects can be one or more of the following: volumetric, area-based, or a combination of volume and area.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, the shape of Attachment 9 can be trapezoidal, and its inclined side surface is conducive to better fusion of Attachment 9 and weld layer 1 when filling the bevel later. The remaining material size of Attachment 9 after processing the second artificial defect 7 is greater than the weld penetration of the subsequent filler weld, which can ensure that the shape and size of the second artificial defect 7 after processing will not change due to the weld penetration of the subsequent filler weld.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment discloses a method for manufacturing a test specimen, such as... Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5,

[0042] Weld the weld beads in the bevel of the test specimen;

[0043] The defect element is set in the bevel, specifically including:

[0044] A platform 8 is machined at a predetermined position within the bevel of the specimen substrate, and a first artificial defect 6 of predetermined shape and / or predetermined size is machined on the platform 8, or the platform 8 is not machined.

[0045] A second artificial defect 7 of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to the first artificial defect 6 on the platform 8 is machined on the attachment 9. The attachment 9 is then installed on the platform 8, and the first artificial defect 6 and the second artificial defect 7 are combined to form a complete artificial defect; or, if the attachment 9 is not machined on the platform 8, the second artificial defect 7 alone constitutes a complete artificial defect of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size.

[0046] After Attachment 9 is installed on Platform 8, the contact interface between Attachment 9 and Platform 8 is precisely welded together.

[0047] The test specimen is formed by welding subsequent weld beads within the groove where the defect unit is set.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, weld layer 1 is deposited within the bevel of the test piece and then welded onto weld layer 1:

[0049] Platform 8 is manufactured, and a first artificial defect 6 of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size is manufactured on platform 8;

[0050] Platform 8 is fabricated. On platform 8, an area-type artificial defect is first fabricated, and then a hemispherical first artificial defect 6 is fabricated in the middle of the platform to form a volume-area composite artificial defect.

[0051] Platform 8 is manufactured, and no further processing is performed on platform 8.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown:

[0053] On Annex 9, a hemispherical second artificial defect 7 of a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to platform 8 is machined;

[0054] Follow the steps outlined above to fabricate the corresponding volume-area composite artificial defect in Appendix 9;

[0055] Create area-type artificial defects on Appendix 9;

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, install Attachment 9 onto Platform 8, and:

[0057] In the above combination, the first hemispherical artificial defect 6 and the second hemispherical artificial defect 7 are combined to form a complete spherical artificial defect;

[0058] The above combinations combine to form a volume-area composite artificial defect;

[0059] In the above combination of cases, only the interior of Annex 9 forms a complete area-type artificial defect.

[0060] If necessary, two test pieces are used, and weld beads are deposited on the two test pieces using the same welding process;

[0061] Then, a platform 8 with a first artificial defect 6 of a predetermined shape / size is machined on the bevel of one of the test pieces. Artificial defects at different depths can be obtained by adjusting the height of the platform 8.

[0062] The attachment 9, which contains a second artificial defect 7 of a predetermined shape / size, is cut from another specimen. Since the two test specimens use the same welding process, the physical characteristics reflected by the non-destructive testing of the weld layer 1 material are the same as or close to the physical characteristics reflected by the non-destructive testing of the attachment 9 material.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, the lower surface of the attachment 9 containing the second artificial defect 7 is attached to the upper surface of the platform 8, so that the first artificial defect 6 and the second artificial defect 7 are combined into a whole artificial defect.

[0064] The contact interface between Attachment 9 and Platform 8 is precisely welded together using specialized methods (such as ultrasonic welding, diffusion welding, or thermocompression welding). After welding, a pre-defined artificial defect is formed inside the boss, such as a hollow sphere with a diameter of about 0.3 mm. When the size of Attachment 9 is large, the contact interface between Attachment 9 and Platform 8 can be precisely welded by superimposed step ultrasonic welding, or the thickness of Attachment 9 can be increased by using shallow penetration methods such as laser welding or cold metal transfer.

[0065] After completing the precision welding of the contact interface between Annex 9 and Platform 8, fill each weld layer in the bevel to form a test piece containing artificial defects.

[0066] Non-destructive testing (NDT) is performed on the test specimen using conventional or specialized methods, such as radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, and industrial CT. The data such as the shape and size of the artificial defects obtained from the NDT are compared with the expected target values. If the deviation is large, the test specimen is remade and the shape and size data of the first artificial defect 6 and the second artificial defect 7 during the test specimen manufacturing process are adjusted until a test specimen containing the predetermined position, shape, size, and containment is obtained.

[0067] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test specimen, characterized in that, It includes a specimen substrate and defective units, wherein the defective units include a platform (8) and an accessory (9). The platform (8) is set inside the bevel of the specimen substrate, and a first artificial defect (6) of predetermined shape and / or predetermined size is machined inside the platform. The accessory (9) assembled with the platform (8) is processed with a second artificial defect (7) having a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to the platform (8). The first artificial defect (6) and the second artificial defect (7) are combined to form a complete artificial defect with a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size. The shape of the artificial defect is volume type, area type, or volume-area composite type. The inner wall cavity of the artificial defect is processed and filled according to predetermined requirements; The contact interface between the attachment (9) and the platform (8) is precisely welded together.

2. The test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the attachment (9) is trapezoidal, and the remaining material size after processing the second artificial defect (7) is greater than the welding penetration of the subsequent filler weld.

3. The test specimen according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The bevel of the test specimen is filled with multiple layers and multiple welds. The defect unit is a group, which is set in any weld bead, or at the junction of weld beads, or at the junction of weld bead and bevel. Alternatively, the defective units may be in multiple groups, distributed across multiple weld passes or at different locations within a single weld pass.

4. A method for manufacturing a test specimen as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Weld the weld beads in the bevel of the test specimen; The defect element is set in the bevel, specifically including: A platform (8) is machined at a predetermined position within the bevel of the specimen substrate, and a first artificial defect (6) of predetermined shape and / or predetermined size is machined on the platform (8). A second artificial defect (7) with a predetermined shape and / or predetermined size corresponding to the first artificial defect (6) on the platform (8) is machined on the attachment (9), the attachment (9) is installed on the platform (8), and the first artificial defect (6) and the second artificial defect (7) are combined to form a complete artificial defect; After the attachment (9) is installed on the platform (8), the contact interface between the attachment (9) and the platform (8) is precisely welded together. The test piece is formed by welding subsequent weld passes within the groove where defect elements are set.

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