Pile pressing verticality detection device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for detecting the verticality of pile pressing, belonging to the technical field of pile pressing construction in pile foundation engineering. The present invention includes a pile hammer with a hinged connection head at the top. The bottom of the pile hammer has a hammering plane. The middle of the pile hammer has a cavity. A detection round hole communicating with the hammering plane is arranged at the bottom of the cavity. The axis of the detection round hole is perpendicular to the hammering plane. A hanging weight is arranged in the cavity through a suspension wire. An infrared sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the hanging weight. The infrared emission direction of the infrared sensor is vertically downward. The hanging weight is located above the detection round hole. When the hammering plane is in a horizontal state, the infrared ray emitted by the infrared sensor points to the center position of the detection round hole. The infrared sensor is equipped with a controller. The present invention can conveniently realize the detection of the verticality of pile pressing with the help of a conventional control program, and is not affected by the depth of the pile body entering the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for detecting the verticality of pile pressing, belonging to the technical field of pile pressing construction in pile foundation engineering. Background Art

[0002] Pile pressing equipment is now mainly divided into two methods: static pile pressing and vibrating hammer pile driving. The static pressure method of construction is a pile sinking process in which a precast pile is pressed into the soil by a static pile press using the self-weight of the pile press and the counterweight on the pile frame as the reaction force.

[0003] The static pile pressing construction process has low noise, no vibration, and no pollution, but it has poor applicability to strata with high content of broken stones or shallow bedrock burial depth; vibrating hammer pile driving construction uses its high-frequency vibration to vibrate the pile body with high acceleration, resulting in changes in the soil structure around the pile due to vibration, reduction in strength, reduction in the frictional resistance between the pile side and the soil, improvement in pile driving efficiency, and at the same time has a wide range of stratum application scope, such as gravel soil and strongly weathered bedrock strata can all be applicable.

[0004] However, during the pile pressing process of a vibrating hammer pile driver, due to the non-uniformity of various aspects such as the properties, layer thickness, and bearing capacity of the foundation rock and soil, it is very difficult to control the verticality of the pile body during the pile feeding process. The deviation of the pile body will not only affect the quality of the formed pile, but also affect the installation quality of the upper structure in the later stage. Therefore, corrective measures need to be taken immediately during the pile feeding process, and the verticality of the pile body is particularly important.

[0005] The traditional measurement of the verticality of the pile body is to observe the verticality on the adjacent sides of the pile by a theodolite after the pile foundation is in place, and set two plumb lines with hanging weights for observation and correction in the direction perpendicular to the pile body. The pile driver also needs to be equipped with a long strip level to measure the verticality of the pile body at any time, and no control measures are taken for the verticality of the pile body during the pile pressing process, which may cause the pile body to deflect during the pile pressing process. Moreover, the control of the pile top elevation is measured continuously by the surveyors when the pile pressing is close to the pile top elevation, and the influence of human factors is relatively large during the control process, and the accuracy is poor.

[0006] In addition, there are problems with the existing technology to determine the pile body deviation through an external clamp, two plumb lines with hanging weights, and a scale disk. First, the plumb lines with hanging weights shake too violently during the vibrating hammer pile driving process and are difficult to settle down within a short time, resulting in too long waiting time; second, the external plumb lines with hanging weights and the scale disk need to be equipped with manual reading to feedback the deviation amount, which is slow, increases the manpower configuration, has a large influence of human factors, and reduces the accuracy; finally, as the depth of the pile body entering the soil increases continuously during the pile driving process, the external clamp cannot hold the pile body anymore, and the detection depth of the verticality is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a pile pressing verticality detection device, which can conveniently detect the verticality of pile pressing by means of a conventional control program and is not affected by the depth of the pile body into the soil.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is: a pile pressing verticality detection device, including a pile hammer with a hinged connection head at the top, the bottom of the pile hammer has a hammering plane, the middle of the pile hammer has a cavity, a detection round hole communicating with the hammering plane is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, the axis of the detection round hole is perpendicular to the hammering plane, a hanging weight is arranged in the cavity through a hanging wire, an infrared sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the hanging weight, the infrared emission direction of the infrared sensor is vertically downward, the hanging weight is located above the detection round hole, when the hammering plane is in a horizontal state, the infrared ray emitted by the infrared sensor points to the center position of the detection round hole, and the infrared sensor is equipped with a controller.

[0009] Further: the controller of the infrared sensor is equipped with an alarm.

[0010] Further: a timer is included in the controller of the infrared sensor.

[0011] Further: a cylindrical positioning groove is arranged at the bottom of the pile hammer, the bottom surface of the positioning groove is the hammering plane, and the detection round hole is located at the center position of the hammering plane.

[0012] Further: the hinged connection head includes a hemispherical body fixedly connected to the pile hammer, the plane side of the hemispherical body is butted against the top surface of the pile hammer, and a spherical joint is fixedly connected to the top end of the hemispherical body.

[0013] Further: the hanging weight is a cube, and one of the corner parts of the cube is in a state where the tip is vertically downward.

[0014] Further: the hanging weight is a hollow structure, and a clamping hole is arranged at the top of the hanging weight, a clamping part adapted to the clamping hole is fixedly arranged on the hanging wire, and the clamping part has a through hole communicating with the inner cavity of the hanging weight.

[0015] Further: the pile hammer is connected to the frame through the hinged connection head, and the upper end of the hanging wire is fixed on the frame above the pile hammer.

[0016] Further: the bottom of the cavity is a hammering flat plate, the hammering plane is the lower surface of the hammering flat plate, a circular scale line is arranged on the upper surface of the hammering flat plate, the circular scale line is distributed in a circular array with the center of the detection round hole as the center, and an infrared camera is installed on the side surface of the hanging weight.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: During implementation, the pile hammer is connected to the frame through a hinged connection head so that the hammering surface of the pile hammer contacts the front surface of the pile head, and the force is evenly distributed during pile driving. When the pile body is vertical and does not tilt, when the hammering plane of the pile hammer contacts the pile head, the hammering plane remains horizontal, and the infrared beam at the lower end of the hanging weight penetrates into the detection circular hole. When the pile body tilts, that is, the top surface of the pile tilts. At this time, during the pile pressing process, when the hammering plane of the pile hammer contacts the top surface of the pile head, the hammering plane also deflects, and the detection circular hole deflects synchronously. However, the infrared beam at the lower end of the hanging weight remains vertical. Therefore, when the deflection reaches a certain degree, the infrared beam cannot penetrate into the detection circular hole. At this time, the controller of the infrared sensor will obtain a corresponding signal, reminding the operator that the current verticality deviation of the pile body exceeds the range and that the deviation should be adjusted in time. The detection device of the present invention is arranged inside the pile hammer and is not affected by the depth of the pile body inserted into the soil. Moreover, the detection timing is when the hammering plane of the pile hammer just contacts the top surface of the pile head before pile pressing. At this time, pile driving has not actually started yet, and the vibration is small, even negligible. The implementation of the present invention is more convenient, and the detection result is also more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram during the implementation of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is the layout schematic diagram of the circular scale line in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 is the enlarged part of the connection structure at the top of the hanging weight in the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals in the figures: 1 - pile hammer, 2 - hammering plane, 3 - detection circular hole, 4 - suspension line, 5 - hanging weight, 6 - infrared sensor, 7 - infrared camera, 8 - hinged connection head, 9 - clamping hole, 10 - buckle, 11 - pile body, 12 - ground line, 13 - control room. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] As Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, the present invention includes a pile hammer 1 with a hinged connection head 8 at the top. The bottom of the pile hammer 1 has a hammering plane 2. The middle part of the pile hammer 1 has a cavity. At the bottom of the cavity, there is a detection round hole 3 communicating with the hammering plane 2. The axis of the detection round hole 3 is perpendicular to the hammering plane 2. Inside the cavity, a hanging weight 5 is arranged through a hanging wire 4. At the bottom end of the hanging weight 5, there is an infrared sensor 6. The infrared emission direction of the infrared sensor 6 is vertically downward. The hanging weight 5 is located above the detection round hole 3. When the hammering plane 2 is in a horizontal state, the infrared ray emitted by the infrared sensor 6 points to the center position of the detection round hole 3. The infrared sensor 6 is equipped with a controller. During implementation, the pile hammer 1 is connected to the frame through the hinged connection head 8 so that the hammering plane 2 of the pile hammer 1 is in direct contact with the front of the pile head, and the force is evenly distributed during pile driving. To improve the flexibility of the pile hammer 1, generally, a spherical hinge or a similar spherical hinge connection method is adopted. Specifically, in the present invention, the hinged connection head 8 includes a hemispherical body fixedly connected to the pile hammer 1. The flat side of the hemispherical body is butted against the top surface of the pile hammer 1, and a spherical joint is fixedly connected to the top end of the hemispherical body. During assembly, the spherical joint can be inserted into the mating cavity of the frame. To facilitate the arrangement of wires, usually, a through-hole structure can be designed in the middle of the hinged connection head 8. The upper end of the hanging wire 4 can be directly fixed inside the pile hammer 1 or fixed on the frame above the pile hammer 1. In this embodiment, the upper end of the hanging wire 4 is fixed on the frame above the pile hammer 1, and the wires required to connect components such as the infrared sensor 6 in the device can also serve as the hanging wire 4.

[0024] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: When the pile body is vertical and does not tilt, when the hammering plane 2 of the pile hammer 1 contacts the pile head, the hammering plane 2 remains in a horizontal state, and the infrared beam at the lower end of the hanging weight 5 penetrates into the detection round hole 3. When the pile body tilts, that is, the top surface of the pile tilts. At this time, during the pile pressing process, when the hammering plane 2 of the pile hammer 1 contacts the top surface of the pile head, the hammering plane 2 also deflects, and the detection round hole 3 deflects synchronously. However, the infrared beam at the lower end of the hanging weight 5 remains plumb. Therefore, when the deflection reaches a certain degree, the infrared beam cannot penetrate into the detection round hole 3. At this time, the controller of the infrared sensor 6 will obtain a corresponding signal, reminding the operator that the current verticality deviation of the pile body exceeds the design range, and the deviation should be adjusted in time. From the above working principle, it can be seen that the diameter of the detection round hole 3 of the present invention can be specifically designed according to the requirements of the verticality deviation of the pile body.

[0025] According to the principle stipulated in the "Technical Code for Building Pile Foundations" that the verticality deviation of the first section of the pile during pressing should not be greater than 0.5% and the verticality deviation of the pile body during pile driving is greater than 1%, scales are set. Generally, it is stipulated that the verticality of the pile hole ≤ 1%H (H is the vertical depth of the pile hole). Taking a pile length of 2m as an example, the diameter of the detection round hole 3 of the present invention can be designed to be 4cm, that is, the radius is 2cm. It is considered that the inclination of the top surface of the rigid pile is the inclination of the pile body, that is, the horizontal displacement of the pile top caused by the inclination of the pile body within a range of 2cm can be accepted.

[0026] It can be understood that the output signal of the infrared sensor 6 can be presented on the display screen in the form of data or text. However, in order to play a reminder role more conveniently, various sound and light alarms can be designed to emit alarm signals when the existing perpendicularity deviation of the pile body exceeds the design range. That is, the controller of the infrared sensor 6 is preferably equipped with an alarm. In addition, in order to improve the detection accuracy, a timing control unit can be added. That is, a timer is included in the controller of the infrared sensor 6. When the time that the ray emitted by the infrared sensor 6 cannot penetrate into the detection round hole 3 is stably more than 1 s, the sound and light alarm is triggered to avoid errors caused by the shaking of the suspension line 4.

[0027] When the existing perpendicularity deviation of the pile body exceeds the design range, the infrared beam cannot penetrate into the detection round hole 3 and can only irradiate at a certain position on the bottom of the internal cavity of the pile hammer 1. In order to observe the deviation situation more intuitively, the bottom of the cavity of the present invention is set as a hammering flat plate. The hammering plane 2 is the lower surface of the hammering flat plate. The upper surface of the hammering flat plate is provided with a circular scale line, and the circular scale line is distributed in a circular array centered on the center of the detection round hole 3. An infrared camera 7 is installed on the side surface of the hanging weight 5. Through the infrared camera 7 and the circular scale line, the deviation situation of the infrared beam on the upper surface of the hammering flat plate can be observed. The infrared camera 7 transmits the image to the control room. With the help of the circular scale line, the specific deviation situation of the infrared beam on the upper surface of the hammering flat plate can be observed, so that the driver can know in which direction the deviation is at present and how to correct it. The precision of the circular scale line can be designed to be 1 cm. The infrared camera 7 can be designed to be multiple, and should be symmetrically distributed as much as possible to facilitate the hanging weight 5 to maintain the plumb state.

[0028] In order to facilitate positioning during pile driving, the bottom of the pile hammer 1 is provided with a cylindrical positioning groove, and the bottom surface of the positioning groove is the hammering plane 2. The detection round hole 3 is located at the center of the hammering plane 2.

[0029] The hanging weight 5 generally adopts a structure with a conical tip at the bottom and can be made of lead material. For the convenience of processing, the hanging weight 5 in the present invention is a cube, and one of the corners of the cube is in the state where the tip is vertically downward.

[0030] To facilitate the arrangement of wires, the hanging weight 5 is of a hollow structure, and a clamping hole 9 is provided at the top of the hanging weight 5. A clamping member 10 adapted to the clamping hole 9 is fixedly provided on the suspension wire 4, and the clamping member 10 has a through hole communicating with the inner cavity of the hanging weight 5. The wires for connecting the infrared camera 7 and the infrared sensor 6 can be routed from the inside of the hanging weight 5 and pass through the through hole of the clamping member 10. With the cooperation mode of the clamping hole 9 and the clamping member 10, the assembly is also relatively convenient. Specifically, the clamping member 10 can adopt an elastic clamping buckle or a one-way hinged movable buckle. When the clamping member 10 is squeezed downward, its clamping part can deform and gather toward the middle. When the suspension wire 4 is lifted upward to a designated position, the clamping member 10 is locked and clamped on the inner edge of the clamping hole 9 and cannot be pulled out of the hanging end of the hanging weight 5 anymore.

Claims

1. Pile pressing verticality detection device, including a pile hammer (1) with a hinged connection head (8) at the top, the bottom of the pile hammer (1) has a hammering plane (2), and it is characterized in that: The middle part of the pile hammer (1) has a cavity. A detection round hole (3) communicating with the hammering plane (2) is provided at the bottom of the cavity. The axis of the detection round hole (3) is perpendicular to the hammering plane (2). A hanging weight (5) is arranged in the cavity through a suspension line (4). An infrared sensor (6) is provided at the bottom end of the hanging weight (5). The infrared emission direction of the infrared sensor (6) is vertically downward. The hanging weight (5) is located above the detection round hole (3). When the hammering plane (2) is in a horizontal state, the infrared ray emitted by the infrared sensor (6) points to the center position of the detection round hole (3). The infrared sensor (6) is equipped with a controller; the articulated connection head (8) includes a hemispherical body fixedly connected to the pile hammer (1). The flat side of the hemispherical body is butted against the top surface of the pile hammer (1). A spherical joint is fixedly connected to the top end of the hemispherical body; the hanging weight (5) is a cube, and one of the corners of the cube is in a state where the tip is vertically downward; the hanging weight (5) is a hollow structure, and a clamping hole (9) is provided at the top of the hanging weight (5). A clamping member (10) adapted to the clamping hole (9) is fixedly arranged on the suspension line (4). The clamping member (10) has a through hole communicating with the inner cavity of the hanging weight (5); the pile hammer (1) is connected to the frame through the articulated connection head (8). The upper end of the suspension line (4) is fixed on the frame above the pile hammer (1); the bottom of the cavity is a hammering flat plate. The hammering plane (2) is the lower surface of the hammering flat plate. A circular scale line is provided on the upper surface of the hammering flat plate. The circular scale line is arranged in a circular array centered on the center of the detection round hole (3). An infrared camera (7) is installed on the side surface of the hanging weight (5).

2. The pile pressing verticality detection device according to claim 1, wherein: The controller of the infrared sensor (6) is equipped with an alarm.

3. The pile pressing verticality detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller of the infrared sensor (6) contains a timer.

4. The pile pressing verticality detection device according to claim 1, wherein: A cylindrical positioning groove is provided at the bottom of the pile hammer (1). The bottom surface of the positioning groove is the hammering plane (2). The detection round hole (3) is located at the center of the hammering plane (2).

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