A Detection Method and System for Factors Affecting the Growth and Quality of Tomatoes under High Temperature Stress

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for detecting factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under high-temperature stress, including: obtaining the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high-temperature stress; constructing a gas exchange model of tomato leaves based on the ultrastructural characteristics; obtaining a water response function based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves; obtaining an improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves based on the water response function; and obtaining a regulation mechanism of influencing factors based on the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves. It can not only improve the simulation accuracy of the gas exchange model of tomato leaves, but also reveal the regulation mechanisms of stomatal and non-stomatal factors of gas exchange in tomato leaves at different stages of high-temperature stress, and improve the accuracy of detection results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of facility agriculture meteorological research, and particularly relates to a method and system for detecting factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under high-temperature stress. Background Art

[0002] The flowering and fruiting period of tomatoes is relatively sensitive to temperature. Especially, the temperature requirements are relatively strict 5 - 9 days before flowering and 2 - 3 days after flowering. If the temperature is too high during the fruiting period, poor fertilization will occur, the number of fruit set will be small, and phenomena such as premature ripening under high temperature or the formation of hollow fruits are likely to occur. In addition, too high temperature is not conducive to the formation of lycopene in tomatoes, resulting in poor coloring of tomato fruits. Temperature is the main regulatory factor in the cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes, and its leaf gas exchange process is sensitive to temperature changes.

[0003] Plant leaf gas exchange is one of the most important plant stress physiology processes. The leaf gas exchange dominated by photosynthesis and transpiration determines the growth and yield formation of crops. To more accurately reflect the impact of environmental factors on crop growth and development (especially under the background of climate change, the combined effects of multiple influencing factors need to be considered). Based on leaf gas exchange, calculating crop assimilate accumulation and water consumption can establish a crop model to simulate the process of crop growth, development, and yield formation. The simulation of leaf gas exchange has always been the key and difficulty in crop model research. Currently, land surface models are used to describe and simulate the exchange of matter and energy between vegetation and the atmosphere. Its core is to accurately simulate the carbon and water exchange process between vegetation and the atmosphere, and this process is mainly controlled by the stomata on the surface of plant leaves and is completed through gas exchange (i.e., plant photosynthesis and transpiration). Compared with other environmental factors, due to the complexity of the occurrence process and disaster-causing mechanism of high-temperature stress, it is very difficult to determine its quantitative relationship with plant leaf gas exchange. The occurrence of high temperature will inevitably change the plant leaf gas exchange process, thereby affecting the interaction between vegetation and the atmosphere and crop yield formation. Therefore, how to accurately simulate plant leaf gas exchange under high-temperature stress conditions is an urgent problem to be solved for evaluating the impact of future climate change caused by global warming on the global ecosystem and predicting crop yields in different regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for detecting factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under high-temperature stress. By using macro and micro observation means and analysis techniques, combining observational experiments and theoretical models can not only improve the simulation accuracy of the tomato leaf gas exchange model, but also reveal the regulatory mechanisms of stomatal and non-stomatal factors in tomato leaf gas exchange at different stages of high-temperature stress, and improve the accuracy of detection results.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a method for detecting factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under high-temperature stress, including the following steps:

[0006] Obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high temperature stress;

[0007] Based on the ultrastructural characteristics, construct a gas exchange model for tomato leaves;

[0008] Based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves, obtain a water response function;

[0009] Based on the water response function, obtain the improved gas exchange model of the tomato leaves;

[0010] Based on the improved gas exchange model of the tomato leaves, obtain the regulation mechanism of influencing factors.

[0011] Optionally, the ultrastructural characteristics are obtained by observing and analyzing with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope.

[0012] Optionally, the process of obtaining the water response function is as follows:

[0013] Based on the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves, control the temperature response characteristics during different high temperature stress processes, analyze the relationship between the key parameters and the water supply during the high temperature stress control process, and obtain the water response function.

[0014] Optionally, the process of obtaining the improved gas exchange model of the tomato leaves is as follows:

[0015] Set high temperature stress tests with different temperatures, correct the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves through the water response function, and obtain the improved gas exchange model of the tomato leaves.

[0016] The present invention also provides a detection system for influencing factors of tomato growth and quality under high temperature stress, including: an acquisition module, a model construction module, a water response module, a model improvement module, and a detection module;

[0017] The acquisition module is used to obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high temperature stress;

[0018] The model construction module is used to construct a gas exchange model for tomato leaves based on the ultrastructural characteristics;

[0019] The water response module is used to obtain a water response function based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves;

[0020] The model improvement module is used to obtain the improved gas exchange model of the tomato leaves based on the water response function;

[0021] The detection module is used to obtain the regulation mechanism of influencing factors based on the improved tomato leaf gas exchange model.

[0022] Optionally, the acquisition module includes a scanning electron microscope unit and a transmission electron microscope unit;

[0023] The scanning electron microscope unit and the transmission electron microscope unit are used to obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high-temperature stress.

[0024] Optionally, the water response module includes a first high-temperature stress unit and an analysis unit;

[0025] The first high-temperature stress unit is used to control high-temperature stress on the temperature response characteristics during different high-temperature stress processes based on the key parameters in the tomato leaf gas exchange model;

[0026] The analysis unit is used to analyze the relationship between the key parameters and the water supply during the high-temperature stress control process to obtain a water response function.

[0027] Optionally, the model improvement module includes a second high-temperature stress unit and a correction unit;

[0028] The second high-temperature stress unit is used to set high-temperature stress tests with different temperatures;

[0029] The correction unit is used to correct the key parameters in the tomato leaf gas exchange model through the water response module to obtain the improved tomato leaf gas exchange model.

[0030] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0031] (1) The present invention uses macro and micro observation means and analysis techniques to start from the differences in the factors affecting plant leaf gas exchange, and studies the relationship between "regulation of stomatal and non-stomatal factors of gas exchange in greenhouse tomato leaves under high-temperature stress", which can not only improve the simulation accuracy of the tomato leaf gas exchange model, but also reveal the regulation mechanisms of stomatal and non-stomatal factors of gas exchange in greenhouse tomato leaves at different stages of high-temperature stress.

[0032] (2) The present invention combines observational experiments and theoretical models to analyze the main influencing factors and their regulation mechanisms of gas exchange in greenhouse tomato leaves during high-temperature stress, improving the accuracy of detection results. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the detection method for the influencing factors of tomato growth and quality under high-temperature stress in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a scanning result diagram of the TEM of tomato flower stalk cells in the first embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] This embodiment of the experiment was carried out in the glass greenhouse (Venlo type) and intelligent artificial climate chamber (TPG1260, Australian) of the Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. Barrel planting experiments were carried out in the greenhouse and then transferred to the climate chamber for high-temperature experiments. The Analysis and Testing Center of West Anhui University carried out some scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy tests. At the same time, to ensure a relatively high test observation intensity and test consistency, the same variety of tomatoes was selected for the experiment in different years of this embodiment, without involving the problem of different high-temperature tolerances due to different tomato varieties. Since the water supply in the barrel planting experiment can be controlled, the change process of tomato leaf gas exchange from the initial stage of high-temperature stress to severe high temperature can be completely observed. Therefore, the observation of the barrel planting experiment is the key to calculating the key parameters and their change laws of the tomato leaf gas exchange model.

[0039] In this embodiment, the experimental treatment was set at the beginning of the tomato flowering and fruiting period to ensure that the tomatoes were in the flowering and fruiting stage during the experiment, avoiding the uncertainty in the analysis of model parameters caused by the change of the tomato growth period, that is, avoiding the situation where it is impossible to distinguish whether it is high temperature or the change of the growth period that causes the change of the gas exchange model parameters. The experimental setting period includes the stage when tomato growth and development are most sensitive to water needs (flowering and fruiting period, tomatoes are plants with flowers and fruits on the same plant), which is conducive to the development of the experiment and data analysis.

[0040] This example was conducted in the Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology from September to December 2023. The pre - cultivation and growth were completed on the seedbed in the greenhouse at the beginning of September. When the seedlings grew to the stage of having four leaves and one heart, they were transplanted into buckets with specifications of 28 cm (height) × 34 cm (upper diameter) × 18 cm (bottom diameter). The management methods from tomato seedling cultivation to before the experimental treatment were the same (sufficient water and fertilizer supply). When the tomato seedlings grew to the initial flowering stage, that is, when the first inflorescence flower buds appeared after tomato transplantation (generally about 30 days from transplantation to flowering), the tomato plants were placed in an artificial climate chamber (TPG1260, Australian) for high - temperature stress experiments.

[0041] Under the condition of sufficient water supply (always maintaining the soil water content in the pot above 75% of the field water - holding capacity), three temperature gradients (day temperature / night temperature) were set for the high - temperature stress experiment, which were: T1(38℃ / 18℃, CK), T2(41℃ / 18℃), and T3(44℃ / 18℃). The day temperature and night temperature represent the highest temperature during the day and the lowest temperature at night. The day temperature and night temperature were set to increase or decrease in gradients in the climate chamber, approximating the daily temperature change in Nanjing, where the lowest temperature appears at 05:00 in the early morning and the highest temperature appears at 14:00 in the afternoon. The air relative humidity was referenced from (Effects of the interaction between high temperature and air humidity on the water physiology of tomato plants during the flowering period. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(05): 317 - 326.). The duration was set at three levels, namely 3d, 6d, and 9d. The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was set at 1000 μm·m -2 ·s -1 , and 0 for the rest of the time. During the experiment, the water and nutrient conditions of the potted soil were consistent and maintained at the most suitable level.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention discloses a method for detecting the influencing factors of tomato growth and quality under high - temperature stress, including:

[0043] Obtaining the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high - temperature stress;

[0044] Using a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope to observe the effects of different high temperatures on the stomatal characteristics of tomato leaves and the effects of different high temperatures on the chloroplast structure of tomato leaves. Before and after the start of the different high - temperature stress treatments set above, the middle functional leaves of tomato plants were collected for sample preparation and observation with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. Each high - temperature stress treatment had 8 replicates (3 for gas exchange and ultra - microscopic observation, and the others for leaf water potential measurement). The experiment was carried out continuously for 2 years.

[0045] Scanning electron microscopy observation: Collect the functional leaves in the middle of the plant, take the parts on both sides of the main leaf vein, cut them into small pieces of 1 mm × 1 mm with a scalpel, place them in a 2 mL centrifuge tube, and fix them with glutaraldehyde. After washing 4 times with PBS buffer, dehydrate with gradient ethanol, and then displace with isoamyl acetate. Dry and sputter the samples with gold, and observe and take pictures under an S4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, Japan). Calculate the stomatal density with 300-fold photos, measure the stomatal size and opening degree with 5000-fold photos, select 10 fields of view for each treatment, take the average value, and measure with Photoshop software.

[0046] Transmission electron microscopy observation: Collect the functional leaves in the middle of the plant, take the parts on both sides of the main leaf vein, cut them into small squares of 2 mm × 2 mm with a blade, place them in a 2 mL centrifuge tube, fix them with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 24 h, wash 3 times with PBS buffer, and then fix with 3% glutaraldehyde. Rinse the samples 3 times with PBS buffer, fix with osmium acid, wash again with PBS buffer, dehydrate with gradient ethanol, and infiltrate and embed with white glue. Cut sections with an ultramicrotome EM UC7 (Leica, Germany), and stain the samples with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Observe and take pictures with an HT7700 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi, Japan). Count the number of chloroplasts and starch grains, measure their length and width with Photoshop software, select 10 fields of view for each treatment, and take the average value.

[0047] In this example, the scanning result diagram of the TEM of tomato flower stalk cells obtained with the flower stalk as an example after the 35 °C high-temperature treatment is as Figure 2 shown.

[0048] Determination of physiological indicators: During the experiment, observe the daily changes of tomato leaf gas exchange, light response curve, leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the 3 treatments for gas exchange and ultra-microscopic observation set above (since the observations of these 3 processes are measured under environmental factor control conditions, and the daily changes of tomato leaf gas exchange are relatively small under the sufficient water supply treatment, so observe once every 3 days); use a Li-6400 photosynthesis measurement system to measure the photosynthetic characteristics, and measure once every 2 h from 8:00 to 18:00. In this example, the observed physiological indicators include environmental factors, such as photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, saturation vapor pressure deficit, etc. in the greenhouse; synchronously observe the predawn leaf water potential and soil moisture on the observation day; the observed indicators of tomato leaf gas exchange parameters include: leaf net photosynthetic rate P n 、leaf stomatal conductance G s 、intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf stomatal limitation value L s 、leaf transpiration rate T r 、leaf water use efficiency (WUE) and leaf intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE).

[0049] The leaf flutter model was used to fit the light response curves under different high temperature treatments to obtain the light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), maximum net photosynthetic rate (P max ), and initial quantum efficiency (AQE). These parameters were used to analyze the response law of photosynthetic structures to high temperature stress, quantitatively reveal the deformation degree of light response curves under different levels of adversity stress, and obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high temperature stress.

[0050] Based on the ultrastructural characteristics, a gas exchange model of tomato leaves was constructed;

[0051] In this embodiment, based on the obtained ultrastructural characteristics, the stomatal conductance was calculated according to the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model, and the transmission of the atmosphere in the boundary layer (including the gas transmission mode in the greenhouse) was considered and combined with the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model to jointly form a gas transmission unit; the net photosynthetic rate was calculated by the photosynthetic biochemical model (FvCB) unit; the leaf temperature was calculated by the energy balance unit; the combination of the gas transmission unit, FvCB unit, and energy balance unit was the gas exchange model of tomato leaves. This gas exchange model of tomato leaves takes meteorological elements such as radiation, air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and air humidity as input variables, and through iterative solution of the nonlinear equations (when solving the equations, 2 initial values need to be set: the initial leaf temperature value is set to be equal to the air temperature value, and the initial intercellular CO2 concentration value is set to be equal to 0.7 times the atmospheric CO2 concentration value), the gas exchange indexes of tomato leaves under the corresponding meteorological conditions are calculated (including net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and intrinsic water use efficiency, etc.).

[0052] Based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves, a water response function was obtained;

[0053] During the high temperature stress process, the gas exchange of tomato leaves is mainly regulated by stomatal and non-stomatal factors. Among them, the stomatal factor is reflected by the relationship between g s -P n (stomatal conductance-), that is, reflected by the change in the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model in the constructed gas exchange model of tomato leaves; the non-stomatal factor is reflected by the change in photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate Vcmax and maximum electron transfer rate Jmax), and leaf mesophyll conductance g m of these two. Analyze the relationship between these three main index parameters (the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model, photosynthetic capacity, and g m ) and soil moisture (or leaf water potential), and a water response function can be constructed through an exponential, or two-segment or three-segment linear function.

[0054] Based on the water response function, an improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves was obtained;

[0055] Set stress tests at different high temperatures, and use the water response function to correct different key parameters of the tomato leaf gas exchange model, so as to improve the tomato leaf gas exchange model and enable it to simulate the gas exchange of tomato leaves in the greenhouse under different high temperature stress processes. Set different parameter correction combinations, and use the constructed water response function to correct the corresponding parameters of the tomato leaf gas exchange model (soil moisture and leaf water potential in the tomato leaf gas exchange model are input variables, and the corresponding parameters can be corrected according to their measured values during the high temperature stress process). The different parameter correction combinations specifically include:

[0056] (1) Only consider the stomatal factor (i.e., only correct the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model); (2) Only consider the mesophyll conductance (i.e., only correct g m ); (3) Only consider the photosynthetic capacity (i.e., only correct V cmax and J max ); (4) Consider both the stomatal factor and the mesophyll conductance; (5) Consider both the stomatal factor and the photosynthetic capacity; (6) Consider both the mesophyll conductance and the photosynthetic capacity; (7) Comprehensively consider the three factors of stomata, mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic capacity. Based on the daily and daily greenhouse measured data of different high temperature processes, compare and analyze the simulation effects of the tomato leaf gas exchange model under the above 7 different parameter correction combinations on the gas exchange of tomato leaves during different high temperature stress processes, and select the one with the best simulation effect. The parameter correction combination it adopts can reflect the real situation of the regulation of tomato leaf gas exchange in the greenhouse under high temperature conditions, and then obtain an improved tomato leaf gas exchange model.

[0057] Furthermore, the influence of the changes in the key parameters of the tomato leaf gas exchange model on the simulation of tomato leaf gas exchange indicators under different high temperature stresses is specifically as follows:

[0058] The change in V cmax in the photosynthetic capacity has a greater impact on the simulation of the net photosynthetic rate of the leaf, but a smaller impact on the water use efficiency, and the impact on the simulation of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate is between the two; the change in J max in the photosynthetic capacity has different impacts on the simulation of the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance depending on different high temperature conditions. J maxThe impact on the above three indicators is the greatest in the morning, and the effect weakens at noon and in the afternoon, while the simulation of water use efficiency is hardly affected. The change in the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model has a significantly greater impact on the simulation of transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency than on the net photosynthetic rate. Moreover, the impact of m on the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance is basically independent of the fluctuations of meteorological elements, indicating that m is very closely related to the calculation of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. In addition, the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model is negatively correlated with water use efficiency. The larger the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model, the smaller the water use efficiency. Further, it can be shown that the change in the magnitude of m can reflect the water use strategy of plants. At the same time, it should also be noted that the effect of the change in the magnitude of the slope m of the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model on water use efficiency is affected by the change of meteorological elements, and the impact is the greatest in the morning.

[0059] Through the above analysis, it can be seen that the determination of the key parameters of the tomato leaf gas exchange model has a great impact on the simulation of tomato leaf gas exchange. Therefore, when improving the tomato leaf gas exchange model, determining the key parameters of the tomato leaf gas exchange model through observational experiments is the basis for the success or failure of the simulation of the tomato leaf gas exchange model. Mastering the variation characteristics of each key parameter can improve the model, otherwise it may lead to large deviations in the simulation of plant leaf gas exchange.

[0060] Based on the improved tomato leaf gas exchange model, the regulation mechanism of influencing factors is obtained;

[0061] By analyzing the change direction of the intercellular CO2 concentration (abbreviated as C i ) and the stomatal limitation value (abbreviated as L s ) under the treatment of 70% relative humidity, it can be preliminarily determined that the main reason for the decrease in photosynthetic rate in the initial stage (before 9 days) of mild high temperature stress (38℃ / 18℃, CK) is stomatal limitation, while when severe high temperature stress (44℃ / 18℃) occurs, the non-stomatal limitation factor for the decrease in photosynthetic rate appears earlier (after 3 days) and the mechanism is more complex.

[0062] Under mild heat stress (38°C / 18°C, CK), the water use efficiency showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing (the maximum value of water use efficiency appeared on the 6th day). Under moderate heat stress (41°C / 18°C), the water use efficiency showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing (the minimum value of water use efficiency appeared on the 6th day). When severe heat stress (44°C / 18°C) occurred, the water use efficiency showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing (the maximum value of water use efficiency appeared on the 6th day). The increase in water use efficiency was due to the different transmission resistances of stomata to water and CO2, indicating that there must be stomatal regulation during heat stress, and the regulatory effects of stomata are different under different degrees of heat stress.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The present invention also discloses a detection system for factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under heat stress, including: an acquisition module, a model construction module, a water response module, a model improvement module, and a detection module;

[0065] The acquisition module is used to acquire the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under heat stress, including a scanning electron microscope unit and a transmission electron microscope unit; the scanning electron microscope unit and the transmission electron microscope unit are used to acquire the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under heat stress.

[0066] The model construction module is used to construct a gas exchange model of tomato leaves based on the ultrastructural characteristics; the model construction module includes: a gas transmission unit, a photosynthetic biochemical model unit, and an energy balance unit. The gas transmission unit is used to calculate the stomatal conductance based on the obtained ultrastructural characteristics according to the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model, and consider the transmission of the atmosphere in the boundary layer (including the gas transmission mode in the greenhouse); the photosynthetic biochemical model unit is used to calculate the net photosynthetic rate; the energy balance unit is used to calculate the leaf temperature. The gas transmission unit, the photosynthetic biochemical model unit, and the energy balance unit can jointly obtain the gas exchange model of tomato leaves.

[0067] The water response module is used to obtain a water response function based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves; the water response module includes a first heat stress unit and an analysis unit. The first heat stress unit is used to control heat stress on the temperature response characteristics during different heat stress processes based on the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves; the analysis unit is used to analyze the relationship between the key parameters and the water supply during the heat stress control process to obtain the water response function.

[0068] The model improvement module is used to obtain an improved tomato leaf gas exchange model based on the water response function. The model improvement module includes a second high-temperature stress unit and a calibration unit. The second high-temperature stress unit is used to set high-temperature stress tests with different temperatures. The calibration unit is used to calibrate the key parameters in the tomato leaf gas exchange model through the water response module to obtain an improved tomato leaf gas exchange model.

[0069] The detection module is used to obtain the regulation mechanism of influencing factors based on the improved tomato leaf gas exchange model.

[0070] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification only illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for detecting factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under high-temperature stress, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high-temperature stress; observe and analyze the ultrastructural characteristics by using a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope; Based on the ultrastructural characteristics, construct a gas exchange model of tomato leaves; Based on the obtained ultrastructural characteristics, calculate the stomatal conductance according to the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model, and consider the transmission of the atmosphere in the boundary layer, including the gas transmission mode in the greenhouse, which is combined with the semi-empirical stomatal conductance model to jointly form a gas transmission unit; Calculate the net photosynthetic rate with a photosynthetic biochemical model unit; Calculate the leaf temperature with an energy balance unit; the combination of the gas transmission unit, the photosynthetic biochemical model unit and the energy balance unit gives a gas exchange model of tomato leaves; Based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves, obtain a water response function; Based on the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves, conduct high-temperature stress control on the temperature response characteristics during different high-temperature stress processes, analyze the relationship between the key parameters and the water supply during the high-temperature stress control process, and obtain a water response function; Based on the water response function, obtain the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves; Set high-temperature stress tests with different temperatures, correct the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves through the water response function, and obtain the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves; Based on the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves, obtain the regulation mechanism of influencing factors.

2. A detection system for factors affecting the growth and quality of tomatoes under high-temperature stress, the system being used to implement the quality factor detection method described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes: An acquisition module, a model construction module, a water response module, a model improvement module and a detection module; The acquisition module is used to obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high-temperature stress; The model construction module is used to construct a gas exchange model of tomato leaves based on the ultrastructural characteristics; The water response module is used to obtain a water response function based on the gas exchange model of tomato leaves; The model improvement module is used to obtain the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves based on the water response function; The detection module is used to obtain the regulation mechanism of influencing factors based on the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves.

3. The detection system for influencing factors of tomato growth and quality under high temperature stress according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acquisition module includes a scanning electron microscope unit and a transmission electron microscope unit; The scanning electron microscope unit and the transmission electron microscope unit are used to obtain the ultrastructural characteristics of tomato leaves under high-temperature stress.

4. The detection system for influencing factors of tomato growth and quality under high temperature stress according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water response module includes a first high-temperature stress unit and an analysis unit; The first high-temperature stress unit is used to conduct high-temperature stress control on the temperature response characteristics during different high-temperature stress processes based on the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves; The analysis unit is used to analyze the relationship between the key parameters and the water supply during the high-temperature stress control process, and obtain a water response function.

5. The detection system for factors affecting tomato growth and quality under high temperature stress according to claim 2, wherein The model improvement module includes a second high-temperature stress unit and a correction unit; The second high-temperature stress unit is used to set high-temperature stress tests with different temperatures; The correction unit is used to correct the key parameters in the gas exchange model of tomato leaves through the water response module, and obtain the improved gas exchange model of tomato leaves.

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