Advanced support for gob-side entry retaining with top cutting and pile pillars

Abstract

The present invention relates to an advanced support column for cutting the top of a goaf-side lane retaining tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of coal fully-mechanized mining support. The column body comprises a column body, and interchangeable anti-collapse devices and anti-slag devices are arranged on both sides of the column body. The column body comprises a base and a top beam, and a column is arranged between the base and the top beam. An upper double-ear plate, a middle double-ear plate, and a lower double-ear plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the column body. The anti-slag device comprises a gangue baffle, and an upper ear seat, a middle ear seat, and a lower ear seat are arranged on the gangue baffle. The upper double-ear plate, middle double-ear plate and lower double-ear plate on one side of the main body are hinged to the upper ear seat, middle ear seat and lower ear seat through the upper gangue blocking jack, lower gangue blocking jack and connecting rod respectively. The anti-fall device includes a support seat, which is hinged to the lower double-ear plate on the other side, and a side support jack is hinged between the middle double-ear plate on the other side and the upper end surface of the support seat; the problem that the existing equipment cannot meet the technical requirements of advanced support top cutting and goaf-keeping is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal fully-mechanized mining support, and in particular relates to advanced support of gob-side lane retaining top cutting piles. Background Art

[0002] Advance support and roof cutting with gob-side entry retention involves reinforcing the roadway by placing constant resistance anchor cables and steel mesh and steel belts in the roadway roof. The roof is then cut through slit blastholes, and anchor rods and steel mesh are then fixed to both sides. This achieves pillar-free mining, improves coal mining efficiency, and achieves gob-side entry retention. Compared to delayed support and cast-in-place walling for gob-side entry retention, the project cost is lower, the construction complexity is reduced, and the entry retention speed is faster, which can better adapt to the speed of working face advancement. However, compared to delayed cast-in-place walling using gob-side entry retention masonry supports, advance roof cutting and gob-side entry retention requires a smaller working space, more complex working conditions, large roof height fluctuations, and poor floor conditions, placing high demands on the size, weight, flexibility, and adaptability of the support equipment. Furthermore, while achieving gob-side entry retention, it also requires supporting the advance roadway, placing high demands on the equipment's initial support force and expansion / contraction ratio. Existing equipment cannot meet the technical requirements of advance support and roof cutting for gob-side entry retention. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, proposes advanced support for gob-side tunneling by cutting top and piling columns, and solves the problem that the existing equipment cannot meet the technical requirements of advanced support for gob-side tunneling by cutting top and piling columns.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0005] The advanced support column for cutting the top of the gob-side tunnel comprises a column body, and interchangeable anti-collapse devices and anti-slag devices are provided on both sides of the column body. The column body comprises a base and a top beam, and a column is provided between the base and the top beam. One end of the telescopic rod on the upper side of the column is hinged to the column cap on the top beam. The base comprises a bottom plate, and two side plates are fixedly provided on the front and rear sides of the bottom plate. A box structure is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the bottom plate between the side plates, and column sockets are provided on the left and right ends of the box structure. The lower end of the column is fixed to the column socket, and a fixing seat is fixed on the left and right ends of the upper end of the box structure. Two clamps are detachably connected to the fixing seat, and the clamp and the fixing seat are sleeved on the cylinder of the column. Outer side; lower double ear plates are symmetrically provided on the front and rear sides of the base, middle double ear plates are symmetrically provided on the outer sides of the two side plates, an upper double ear plate is provided at the lower end of the top beam, the anti-slag device includes a slag baffle plate, and an upper ear seat, a middle ear seat and a lower ear seat are provided on one end face of the slag baffle plate, an upper slag baffle jack is hinged between the upper ear seat and the upper double ear plate, a lower slag baffle jack is hinged between the middle ear seat and the middle double ear plate on one side, a connecting rod is hinged between the lower ear seat and the lower double ear plate on one side, the anti-fall device includes a support seat, the support seat is hinged to the lower double ear plate on the other side, and a side support jack is hinged between the middle double ear plate on the other side and the upper end face of the support seat.

[0006] Furthermore, the columns are of double telescopic design, and the two columns are arranged side by side along the length direction of the base and the top beam.

[0007] Furthermore, a vertical top beam main reinforcement is symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the lower end face of the top beam, and a forged column cap is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the lower end face of the top beam between the two top beam main reinforcements. One end of the telescopic rod of the two columns is respectively abutted against the two column caps at the lower end of the top beam, and two retaining shafts are arranged between the two top beam main reinforcements. The retaining shafts are respectively inserted into the column cap and one end of the telescopic rod of the column, so that the column and the top beam are rotatably connected.

[0008] Furthermore, two shaft blocking seats are respectively provided on the outer sides of the two main reinforcements of the top beams, and the shaft blocking seats are used to fix the shaft blocking to the top beams.

[0009] Furthermore, an inspection ring is provided on the left and right side surfaces of the top beam respectively, and two inspection rings are provided on the outer sides of the two top beam main reinforcements respectively; a hinge hole is provided on the left and right ends of the two top beam main reinforcements respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the side panels are inverted T-shaped structures, the middle area section is higher than the area sections at both ends, and there is a box structure between the middle area sections of the two side panels. The two column sockets are located between the two side panels, and a single support seat is provided on the outer side of the two forged column sockets. The single support seat is fixedly connected to the side panels on both sides.

[0011] Furthermore, a pressing plate is respectively provided on the inner side surfaces of the side plates on both sides of the forged column socket, and the cylinder of the column is fixed in the forged column socket through the two pressing plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixing seat is a vertically arranged semi-circular arc structure, the opening of the fixing seat is facing away from the box structure, and a row of fixed docking plates are evenly spaced along the vertical direction on both sides of the opening of the fixing seat. The clamp is a quarter-circular arc structure, a connecting plate is provided on one side of the clamp, and a row of movable docking plates is provided on the other side. The connecting plates of the two clamps are fixed by bolts, and the movable docking plate of the clamp is plugged into the fixed movable plate of the fixing seat, and the movable docking plate is fixed to the fixed docking plate by a pin shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, a round pin hole is provided at one end of the connecting rod, and an oblong hole is provided along its length direction at the other end. One end of the round pin hole of the connecting rod is hinged to the lower double ear plate on the base, and one end of the oblong hole is hinged to the lower ear seat on the slag baffle.

[0014] Furthermore, a row of front-to-back through-holes are respectively arranged at even intervals on the left and right edges of the gangue baffle.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are as follows: the support seat and the gangue baffle are both movably connected, the main body of the cut-top pile column adopts a symmetrical design, which is convenient for disassembly and can be installed on the left or right side of the bracket according to the needs of different working conditions, with high flexibility; the overall size of the bracket is small and light, and it can be towed alone to act as a single unit, or it can be connected to form a group of n-frame automatic moving brackets, which are more adaptable to the top and bottom plates; the column adopts a double telescopic design with a larger telescopic ratio, which can better adapt to changes in the height of the working surface; the angle of the gangue baffle and the support seat is adjustable, and the gangue blocking and anti-falling effects are better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention as a whole Figure 1 ;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention as a whole Figure 2 ;

[0019] Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the top beam 1;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the base 2;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a structure in which anti-fall devices are installed on both sides;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the clamp 4;

[0023] Figure 7 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the gangue baffle 5;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting rod 8;

[0025] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the top cutting of the main tunnel during use;

[0026] Figure 10 It is a top view of the main tunnel cut top during use;

[0027] Among them, 1 is the top beam, 2 is the base, 3 is the column, 4 is the clamp, 5 is the slag retaining plate, 6 is the upper slag retaining jack, 7 is the lower slag retaining jack, 8 is the connecting rod, 9 is the support seat, 10 is the side support jack, 11 is the constant resistance anchor cable, 12 is the steel mesh steel belt, 13 is the anchor rod, 14 is the slit blasting hole, 101 is the column cap, 102 is the axle retaining seat, 103 is the maintenance ring, 104 is the hinge hole, 105 is the upper double ear plate, 106 is the main reinforcement of the top beam, 2 01 is the side panel, 202 is the fixed seat, 203 is the fixed docking plate, 204 is the column socket, 205 is the pressure plate, 206 is the single support seat, 207 is the hinged ear plate, 208 is the baffle, 209 is the middle double ear plate, 210 is the lower double ear plate, 401 is the movable docking plate, 402 is the connecting plate, 501 is the upper ear seat, 502 is the middle ear seat, 503 is the lower ear seat, 504 is the mounting hole, 801 is the round pin hole, and 802 is the oblong hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG8 , the present invention provides a top-cut pile for advanced support along the gob-side entry retaining, comprising a pile body provided with an anti-collapse device and a gangue prevention device that can be interchanged front and back.

[0030] The column body includes a horizontally arranged base 2 and a top beam 1, with two vertical columns 3 arranged between the base 2 and the top beam 1. The two columns 3 are arranged side by side along the length of the base 2 and the top beam 1. One end of the cylinder bottom of the column 3 is connected to the base 2, and the upper end of the column 3 is connected to the top beam 1.

[0031] The top beam 1 is symmetrically arranged in front and back, left and right. A vertical top beam main rib 106 is symmetrically arranged on the front and back sides of the lower end face of the top beam 1, and a forged column cap 101 is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the lower end face of the top beam 1 between the two top beam main ribs 106. The column 3 is a double telescopic design, and one end of the telescopic rod of the two columns 3 is respectively abutted against the two column caps 101 at the lower end of the top beam 1. Two stop shafts are arranged between the two top beam main ribs 106, and the stop shafts are respectively inserted into the column cap 101 and one end of the telescopic rod of the column 3, so that the column 3 is rotatably connected to the top beam 1. The axis of the stop shaft is perpendicular to the length direction of the top beam 1. Two stop shaft seats 102 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two top beam main ribs 106, and the stop shaft is fixed to the top beam 1 through the stop shaft seats 102 on both sides.

[0032] An inspection ring 103 is provided on the left and right side surfaces of the top beam 1 respectively, and two inspection rings 103 are provided on the outer sides of the two top beam main reinforcements 106 respectively.

[0033] A hinge hole 104 is provided at the left and right ends of the two top beam main reinforcements 106 respectively.

[0034] The base 2 is symmetrically arranged front to back and left to right.

[0035] The base 2 comprises a horizontal bottom plate, with two vertical side plates 201 symmetrically positioned on either side of the upper end face of the bottom plate. The side plates 201 are inverted T-shaped structures, with the middle section higher than the end sections. The lower ends of the two side plates 201 are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom plate. A box structure is formed between the middle sections of the two side plates 201. A forged column socket 204 is symmetrically positioned on either side of the box structure between the two side plates 201. The cylinder bottoms of the two columns 3 abut against the two forged column sockets 204, respectively. A pressure plate 205 is positioned on the inner side of the side plates 201 on either side of the forged column sockets 204. The two pressure plates 205 secure the cylinder barrels of the columns 3 within the forged column sockets 204.

[0036] Between the two end sections of the two side panels 201, and outside the two forged column sockets 204, a single-piece support base 206 is provided. The single-piece support base 206 is fixedly connected to the side panels 201 on either side, providing support through the single-piece support base 206 and the end sections of the side panels 201 on both sides. A hinged lug 207 is symmetrically provided at each end of the outer side surface of the single-piece support base 206, away from the forged column sockets 204.

[0037] A fixed seat 202 is symmetrically positioned on each end of the upper end surface of the box structure. Each fixed seat 202 is a vertically arranged semicircular arc structure, with its opening facing away from the box structure. A row of fixed docking plates 203 are evenly spaced vertically on either side of the opening of the fixed seat 202, each of which is provided with a coaxial docking hole. Two clamps 4 are detachably connected to each fixed seat 202. Each clamp 4 is a quarter-circular arc structure, with a row of evenly spaced vertically arranged movable docking plates 401 on one side, each of which is provided with a coaxial docking hole. A vertical connecting plate 402 is positioned on the other side of the clamp 4, with two bolt holes provided on the connecting plate 402. The connecting plates 402 of the two clamps 4 are connected to each other, and the bolt holes are set correspondingly. The two clamps 4 are fixedly connected by two bolts and nuts. The movable docking plates 401 of the two clamps 4 are respectively inserted into the fixed docking plates 203 on both sides of the fixed seat 202. The docking holes on the fixed docking plate 203 are set corresponding to the docking holes on the movable docking plate 401. A pin shaft is inserted into the movable docking plate 401 and the fixed docking plate 203 in turn, so that the two clamps 4 are fixedly connected to the fixed seat 202.

[0038] Two clamps 4 and a fixing seat 202 are respectively located outside the cylinder of a column 3 , and the column 3 is detachably fixed to the base 2 through the clamps 4 and the fixing seat 202 .

[0039] The inner sides of the fixing seat 202 and the clamp 4 are both provided with anti-skid leather pads to increase the stability of the column 3 and avoid bumps.

[0040] Two side panels 201 are provided with two middle double-ear panels 209 arranged horizontally at the middle height of the end surface of one side away from the column 3 .

[0041] On the front and rear edges of the upper end surface of the bottom plate, a lower double-ear plate 210 is symmetrically arranged at both ends. The two lower double-ear plates 210 are arranged along the length direction of the base 2, and the two lower double-ear plates 210 are located on the outside of the two side plates 201.

[0042] An upper double-ear plate 105 is provided at the center of the lower end surface of the top beam 1 .

[0043] The gangue prevention device includes a gangue baffle plate 5 , an upper gangue baffle jack 6 , two lower gangue baffle jacks 7 , and two connecting rods 8 .

[0044] The baffle plate 5 is a square plate-like structure, installed on one side of the column body and parallel to the length direction of the base 2. The baffle plate 5 has an upper lug 501 at the middle of the upper end, two horizontally arranged middle lugs 502 at the middle height, and two horizontally arranged lower lugs 503 at the lower end, on the end surface of the baffle plate 5 close to the column body.

[0045] On the left and right edges of the rock baffle 5, a row of mounting holes 504 are evenly spaced and run through each other, for mounting individual rock baffles 5 when the top cutting piles are working in groups.

[0046] Between the retaining plate 5 and the pile body are provided an upper retaining jack 6, two lower retaining jacks 7, and two connecting rods 8. One end of the connecting rod 8 is provided with a round pin hole 801, and the other end is provided with an oblong hole 802 along its length.

[0047] One end of the telescopic rod of the upper slag retaining jack 6 is hinged to the upper ear seat 501 on the slag retaining plate 5 via a hinge pin, and one end of the cylinder bottom is hinged to the upper double ear plate 105 on the top beam 1. One end of the telescopic rod of the two lower slag retaining jacks 7 is hinged to the two middle ear seats 502 on the slag retaining plate 5 via a hinge pin, and one end of the cylinder bottom is hinged to the two middle double ear plates 209 on the side plate 201. One end of the round pin hole 801 of the two connecting rods 8 is hinged to the two lower double ear plates 210 on the base 2, and one end of the oblong hole 802 is hinged to the two lower ear seats 503 on the slag retaining plate 5. By controlling the extension and retraction of the upper and lower slag retaining jacks 6 and 7, the height, extension range, and angle of the slag retaining plate 5 are controlled, so that the slag retaining plate 5 is extended and pressed against the roadway slag wall.

[0048] The anti-fall device includes a support seat 9 and two side support jacks 10.

[0049] The support seat 9 is arranged at the end of the base 2 away from the slag baffle 5, and the edge of the end of the support seat 9 close to the base 2 is respectively hinged to the two lower double-ear plates 210 on the base 2 away from the slag baffle 5. Two side support jacks 10 are arranged along the length direction of the base 2 between the support seat 9 and the side plate 201. One end of the telescopic rod of the side support jack 10 is hinged to the upper end surface of the support seat 9, and one end of the cylinder bottom of the side support jack 10 is hinged to the two middle double-ear plates 209 on the side plate 201 away from the slag baffle 5. When the side support jack 10 is in the extended state, the lower end surface of the support seat 9 coincides with the lower end surface of the base 2, thereby preventing the main body of the pile from falling. When the side support jack 10 is retracted, the support plate is retracted and no longer prevents it from falling.

[0050] Since the anti-gangue device and the anti-fall device are both hinged to the middle double-ear plate 209 and the lower double-ear plate 210 on both sides of the pile body, and the middle double-ear plate 209 and the lower double-ear plate 210 on both sides are symmetrically arranged, the anti-gangue device and the anti-fall device can be installed interchangeably.

[0051] On the upper surface of the bottom plate, a baffle 208 is detachably connected to both sides of the lower double-ear plate 210. The baffle 208 can prevent gangue from entering the interior of the bracket and causing blockage.

[0052] The columns 3 can be disassembled and replaced through the maintenance ring 103 on the top beam 1.

[0053] The truncated columns can be used individually by pulling on the hinged lugs 207 on the base 2, or they can be connected to work in groups. The top beam 1 between the front and rear truncated columns is connected to the telescopic frame through the hinge holes 104. The bases 2 of the front and rear truncated columns are connected to the push jacks through the hinged lugs 207, enabling step-by-step self-movement. If the truncated columns become misaligned during operation, they can be adjusted by placing the individual supports in the individual support bases 206 of the left and right truncated columns.

[0054] When the support of the gangue baffle 5 is not needed, anti-falling devices are installed on both sides of the pile column body, and the stability of the top-cut pile column is ensured by two support seats 9.

[0055] like Figure 9 、 10 As shown, while providing advance support, constant resistance anchor cables 11 and steel mesh and steel belts 12 are arranged on the roof and safety coal pillars of the tunnel for reinforcement. After the top is cut by blasting through the cutting holes 14, anchor rods 13 are nailed into the two sides for reinforcement to achieve tunnel retention along the airspace.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. Advanced support of gob-side entry retaining with top cutting and pile pillars, characterized by: The utility model comprises a pile column body, and interchangeable anti-falling devices and anti-slag devices are arranged on both sides of the pile column body. The pile column body comprises a base (2) and a top beam (1), a column (3) is arranged between the base (2) and the top beam (1), one end of the telescopic rod on the upper side of the column (3) is hinged to the column cap (101) on the top beam (1), the base (2) comprises a bottom plate, two side plates (201) are fixedly arranged on the front and rear sides of the bottom plate, a box structure is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate between the side plates (201), column sockets (204) are arranged on the left and right ends of the box structure, the lower end of the column (3) is fixed to the column socket (204), a fixing seat (202) is fixedly arranged on the left and right ends of the upper end of the box structure, two clamps (4) are detachably connected to the fixing seat (202), and the clamps (4) and the fixing seat (202) are sleeved on the outer side of the cylinder of the column (3); the front and rear sides of the base (2) are symmetrically provided with lower double ear plates (210), the outer side surfaces of the two side plates (201) are symmetrically provided with middle double ear plates (209), the lower end of the top beam (1) is provided with an upper double ear plate (105), the anti-slag device includes a slag baffle plate (5), one end surface of the slag baffle plate (5) is provided with an upper ear seat (501), a middle ear seat (502), and a lower ear seat (503), an upper slag baffle jack (6) is hinged between the upper ear seat (501) and the upper double ear plate (105), and the middle A lower gangue-blocking jack (7) is hinged between the ear seat (502) and the middle double-ear plate (209) on one side, a connecting rod (8) is hinged between the lower ear seat (503) and the lower double-ear plate (210) on one side, and the anti-fall device includes a support seat (9), the support seat (9) is hinged to the lower double-ear plate (210) on the other side, and a side support jack (10) is hinged between the middle double-ear plate (209) on the other side and the upper end surface of the support seat (9); A vertical top beam main rib (106) is symmetrically provided on both sides of the front and rear of the lower end face of the top beam (1), and a forged column cap (101) is symmetrically provided on both sides of the left and right sides of the lower end face of the top beam (1) between the two top beam main ribs (106). One end of the telescopic rod of the two columns (3) is respectively abutted against the two column caps (101) at the lower end of the top beam (1). Two retaining shafts are provided between the two top beam main ribs (106), and the retaining shafts are respectively plugged into the column cap (101) and one end of the telescopic rod of the column (3), so that the column (3) and the top beam (1) are rotatably connected; Two shaft retaining seats (102) are respectively provided on the outer sides of the two top beam main ribs (106), and the shaft retaining seats (102) on both sides are used to fix the shaft retaining seat to the top beam (1); An inspection ring (103) is provided on the left and right side surfaces of the top beam (1), and two inspection rings (103) are provided on the outer sides of the two top beam main reinforcements (106); and a hinge hole (104) is provided at the left and right ends of the two top beam main reinforcements (106).

2. The advanced support gob-side entry retaining top cutting and pile pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The columns (3) are of a double telescopic design, and the two columns (3) are arranged side by side along the length direction of the base (2) and the top beam (1).

3. The advanced support gob-side entry retaining top cutting and pile pillar system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side panels (201) are inverted T-shaped structures, with a middle section higher than the sections at both ends. A box structure is provided between the middle sections of the two side panels (201). Two column sockets (204) are located between the two side panels (201). A single support seat (206) is provided on the outside of each of the two forged column sockets (204). The single support seat (206) is fixedly connected to the side panels (201) on both sides.

4. The advanced support gob-side entry retaining top cutting and pile pillar according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A pressing plate (205) is respectively provided on the inner side surfaces of the side plates (201) on both sides of the forged column socket (204), and the cylinder of the column (3) is fixed in the forged column socket (204) by the two pressing plates (205).

5. The advanced support gob-side entry retaining top cutting and pile pillar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixing seat (202) is a vertically arranged semicircular arc structure, the opening of the fixing seat (202) faces in a direction away from the box structure, and a row of fixed docking plates (203) are evenly spaced along the vertical direction on both sides of the opening of the fixing seat (202). The clamp (4) is a quarter-circular arc structure, a connecting plate (402) is provided on one side of the clamp (4), and a row of movable docking plates (401) is provided on the other side. The connecting plates (402) of the two clamps (4) are fixed by bolts, and the movable docking plates (401) of the clamp (4) are plugged into the fixed movable plates of the fixing seat (202), and the movable docking plates (401) are fixed to the fixed docking plates (203) by pins.

6. The top-cutting pile pillar for gob-side entry retention in advance support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One end of the connecting rod (8) is provided with a round pin hole (801), and the other end is provided with an oblong hole (802) along its length direction. One end of the round pin hole (801) of the connecting rod (8) is hinged to the lower double-ear plate (210) on the base (2), and one end of the oblong hole (802) is hinged to the lower ear seat (503) on the gangue baffle (5).

7. The advanced support gob-side entry retaining top cutting and pile pillar system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A row of mounting holes (504) extending through the front and rear are respectively provided at even intervals on the left and right edges of the gangue baffle plate (5).

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