Method, System and Device for Rapid Reading and Resetting of Superconducting Qubits

Abstract

The present invention discloses a superconducting qubit fast reading and resetting device, method and system. The device includes: a superconducting qubit module, a reading resonator module, an adjustable coupling module and a reading transmission line module; the adjustable coupling module includes a coupler unit and a coupling control line, and the coupling control line is independently arranged on the coupling unit; one end of the reading resonator module is connected to the qubit unit, and the other end of the reading resonator module is respectively connected to the coupler unit and the reading transmission line module. By adjusting the control signal of the coupling control line, the coupling strength of the coupler is dynamically adjusted. So that in the non-reading and non-resetting states, the superconducting qubit module has a long decoherence time and a small coupling with the external environment; in the reset state, the superconducting qubit module has a short decoherence time and can complete fast resetting; in the reading state, the photons in the reading resonator module can quickly leak into the reading transmission line module to complete fast reading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum computing, and particularly to a device for rapidly reading and resetting superconducting qubits. Background Art

[0002] A superconducting qubit is a carrier of a quantum state, which is composed of a Josephson junction and related superconducting quantum circuits, and is a way to implement a qubit.

[0003] Reading a superconducting qubit refers to the process of obtaining the quantum state information stored in the qubit by applying a read pulse. The commonly used device for reading a superconducting qubit is to couple a read transmission line with a read resonator through a fixed capacitor or inductor. At the same time, the read resonator is coupled to the superconducting qubit through a capacitor. The state of the superconducting qubit affects the resonance frequency of the read resonator. By measuring the microwave transmission properties of the read transmission line near the resonance frequency of the read resonator, the state information of the superconducting qubit can be obtained. This process requires energy to be exchanged between the read transmission line and the read resonator.

[0004] Resetting a superconducting qubit refers to the process of resetting the state of the superconducting qubit to its ground state. When a qubit finishes a logical operation or completes quantum state reading, its state is uncertain. When performing the next quantum operation, the state of the superconducting qubit often needs to be reset to its ground state. Generally speaking, this process is achieved by waiting for a long enough time, and the time scale requirement is much larger than the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit. During this process, there is an energy exchange between the superconducting qubit and the external environment, and the quantum state is reset by dissipating energy into the environment.

[0005] In order to accelerate the reading and resetting processes of superconducting qubits and improve the execution speed of quantum circuits, it is required to increase the coupling strength between the superconducting qubit, the read resonator and the external environment. However, this inevitably leads to a reduction in the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit and the read resonator, making it difficult to complete high-fidelity quantum computing tasks.

[0006] On the one hand, when performing a quantum logic gate operation, the longer the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit, the better, that is, the smaller the coupling between the superconducting qubit and the external environment, the better. On the other hand, during the reset process of the superconducting qubit, the larger the coupling between the superconducting qubit and the external environment and the shorter the decoherence time, the faster its reset speed. At the same time, in order to accelerate the quantum state reading of the superconducting qubit, it is required that when the read pulse ends, the photons in the read resonator leak into the transmission line as fast as possible. In the mainstream technology based on non-adjustable coupling, these three requirements cannot be achieved simultaneously, and there are significant drawbacks. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims at the disadvantages in the prior art and provides a method, system and device for rapid reading and resetting of superconducting qubits.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A device for rapid reading and resetting of superconducting qubits, the device includes a superconducting qubit module, a reading resonator module, an adjustable coupling module and a reading transmission line module. The reading resonator module is coupled to the superconducting qubit module. The reading resonator module is used to read the state of the superconducting qubit module, and the reading transmission line module is used to transmit the reading signal of the qubit module;

[0010] The adjustable coupling module includes a coupler unit and a coupler control line disposed inside the coupler unit. One end of the reading resonator module is connected to the superconducting qubit module, and the other end is respectively connected to the coupler unit and the reading transmission line module;

[0011] By applying a control signal to the coupler control line, the coupling strength between the reading resonator module and the external environment is adjusted, thereby controlling the speed at which the energy of the reading resonator module and the qubit module leaks into the external environment, that is, controlling the decoherence time of the reading resonator and the superconducting qubit.

[0012] As an implementable manner, the adjusting the coupling strength between the reading resonator module and the external environment by applying a control signal to the coupler control line includes:

[0013] When the superconducting qubit module is in a non-reading and non-resetting state, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the first decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the second decoherence time of the reading resonator module;

[0014] When reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the third decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the fourth decoherence time of the reading resonator module to achieve rapid resetting of the superconducting qubit module;

[0015] When resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the fifth decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid resetting of the superconducting qubit module;

[0016] Among them, the first decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-reading and non-resetting state, the third decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the fifth decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, and the second and fourth decoherence times are the decoherence times corresponding to reading the resonator module when the superconducting qubit module is in a non-reading, non-resetting, and reading state.

[0017] As an implementable manner, the superconducting qubit module includes at least one Josephson junction, and the frequency of the superconducting qubit module is adjustable or non-adjustable.

[0018] As an implementable manner, the coupler unit includes at least one Josephson junction, and the equivalent inductance value of the Josephson junction is adjusted by applying a control signal to the coupler control line.

[0019] As an implementable manner, the read resonator module is a distributed transmission line type resonator.

[0020] As an implementable manner, the superconducting qubit module further includes a first capacitor unit, and the first capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the superconducting qubit unit.

[0021] As an implementable manner, the adjustable coupling module includes a second capacitor unit, and the second capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the coupler unit.

[0022] As an implementable manner, it further includes a third capacitor unit, a fourth capacitor unit, and a fifth capacitor unit;

[0023] One end of the third capacitor unit is coupled to the superconducting qubit module, the other end is coupled to one end of the read resonator module, the other end of the read resonator module is coupled to one end of the fourth capacitor unit, the other end of the fourth capacitor unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth capacitor unit and one end of the adjustable coupling module, and the other end of the fifth capacitor unit is connected to the read transmission line module.

[0024] As an implementable manner, it further includes a third inductor unit, a fourth inductor unit, and a fifth inductor unit;

[0025] One end of the third inductor unit is coupled to the superconducting qubit module, the other end is coupled to one end of the read resonator module, the other end of the read resonator module is coupled to one end of the fourth inductor unit, the other end of the fourth inductor unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth inductor unit and one end of the adjustable coupling module, and the other end of the fifth inductor unit is connected to the read transmission line module.

[0026] A method for rapid reading and resetting of superconducting qubits, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Adjust the intensity of the control signal applied to the coupler control line to change the coupling strength between the read resonator module and the external environment;

[0028] Obtain the relationship between the control signal intensity and the decoherence time of the read resonator module and the relationship between the control signal intensity and the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module;

[0029] When the superconducting qubit module is in a non-reading and non-resetting state, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the first decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the second decoherence time of the read resonator module;

[0030] When reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the third decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the fourth decoherence time of the read resonator module to achieve rapid resetting of the superconducting qubit module;

[0031] When resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the fifth decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid resetting of the superconducting qubit module;

[0032] Wherein, the first decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-reading and non-resetting state, the third decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the fifth decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, and the second decoherence time and the fourth decoherence time are the decoherence times of the read resonator module corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-reading and non-resetting state and a reading state.

[0033] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method and steps are implemented.

[0034] A superconducting qubit rapid reading and resetting system, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned method and steps are implemented.

[0035] A superconducting qubit rapid reading and resetting system, comprising the above-mentioned superconducting qubit rapid reading and resetting device.

[0036] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present invention has significant technical effects:

[0037] Through the device, method, and system of the present invention, adjustable coupling between the superconducting qubit module reading resonator module and the reading transmission line module is achieved. By applying a control signal to the coupler control line, the coupling strength between the reading resonator module and the external environment is adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit and the decoherence time of the reading resonator. Through the dynamic regulation of the coupler unit, the superconducting qubit module has a long decoherence time and a small coupling with the external environment in the non-reading and non-resetting states; in the reset state, the superconducting qubit module has a short decoherence time and can complete rapid reset; in the reading state, the photons in the reading resonator module can quickly leak into the reading transmission line module to complete rapid reading. The above three points cannot be achieved simultaneously in the mainstream technology with non-adjustable coupling. Description of the Drawings

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 is the equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 is the effect diagram of the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0042] The following will further elaborate on the present invention in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments are explanations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0043] The present invention realizes adjustable coupling between the superconducting qubit module - reading resonator module and the reading line module, that is, an adjustable coupler including Josephson junctions is added between the reading resonator module and the reading transmission line module.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] A superconducting qubit rapid reading and resetting device, as Figure 1As shown, the device includes a superconducting qubit module, a read resonator module, an adjustable coupling module, and a read transmission line module. The read resonator module is coupled to the superconducting qubit module. The read resonator module is used to read the state of the superconducting qubit module. The read transmission line module is used to transmit the read signal of the qubit module.

[0046] The adjustable coupling module includes a coupler unit and a coupler control line disposed inside the coupler unit. One end of the read resonator module is connected to the superconducting qubit module, and the other end is respectively connected to the coupler unit and the read transmission line module.

[0047] Based on the state of the superconducting qubit module, a control signal is applied to the coupler control line of the coupler unit to adjust the coupling strength between the read resonator and the external environment, thereby controlling the decoherence time of the read resonator module and the superconducting qubit module. In this embodiment, the decoherence time includes the energy relaxation time and the dephasing time. By applying a control signal to the coupler control line, the coupling strength between the read resonator module and the external environment is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit and the decoherence time of the read resonator.

[0048] In one embodiment, specifically, when the superconducting qubit module is in a non-read and non-reset state, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the first decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the second decoherence time of the read resonator module.

[0049] When reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the third decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the fourth decoherence time of the read resonator module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module.

[0050] When resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the fifth decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module.

[0051] Among them, the first decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-read and non-reset state, the third decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the fifth decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, and the second decoherence time and the fourth decoherence time are the decoherence times of the read resonator module corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-read and non-reset state and a read state. In this embodiment, reference can be made to the appendix Figure 3, the magnetic flux and the decoherence time follow certain rules. When the readout resonator module reads the 0 state and 1 state of the superconducting qubit module, the superconducting qubit module can have several states: reset, read, non-reset, and non-read. The present invention is proposed to enable rapid reset and read of the superconducting qubit module. When the superconducting qubit module is in the non-read and non-reset state, the control signal module of the coupler is adjusted to an intensity where the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the readout resonator module is relatively long; when reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal of the coupler is adjusted to an intensity where the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module is relatively long and the decoherence time of the readout resonator is relatively short, to achieve rapid read of the superconducting qubit; when resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal of the coupler is adjusted to a position where the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module is relatively short, to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module.

[0052] Referring to the attached Figure 3 Speaking of which, according to the law of this curve, to achieve rapid read, it is necessary to adjust the control signal of the coupler control line to an intensity where the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module is relatively long and the decoherence time of the readout resonator is relatively short. This position is the magnetic flux corresponding to the position where the curve change rate is relatively stable, and rapid read of the superconducting qubit can be achieved. To achieve rapid reset, it is necessary to adjust the control signal of the coupler control line to a position where the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module is relatively short. This position is the magnetic flux corresponding to the position where the curve change rate is the largest, and rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module can be achieved. The positions corresponding to the remaining curves are the adjustment ranges when in the non-read and non-reset states. Throughout the process, it is also necessary to determine whether the superconducting qubit module is in the reset, read, non-reset, and non-read states. After determining which states the superconducting qubit module is in, the coupler control line is adjusted through the control signal based on the model of magnetic flux and decoherence time, thereby achieving rapid reset and read of the superconducting qubit module. Since the lengths of the decoherence times in each stage are different, the decoherence time can be distinguished according to different states, namely the first decoherence time, the third decoherence time, and the fifth decoherence time mentioned above, the second decoherence time, and the fourth decoherence time.

[0053] In one embodiment, the superconducting qubit module includes at least one Josephson junction. Of course, in other embodiments, it can also be 2, 3, or other numbers. In short, it is acceptable as long as it is greater than or equal to one. In this embodiment, the superconducting qubit module is a Transmon qubit containing two Josephson junctions. The superconducting qubit module further includes a first capacitor unit, and the first capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the Josephson junction. And the frequency of the superconducting qubit module can be adjustable or non-adjustable.

[0054] In addition, in other embodiments, the superconducting qubit module further includes a first capacitor unit, and the first capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the superconducting qubit unit.

[0055] Specifically, the coupler unit includes at least one Josephson junction. When there are two or more Josephson junctions, they are in a parallel relationship, and the equivalent inductance value of the Josephson junction is adjusted by applying a control signal to the coupler control line. Of course, in other embodiments, the number can also be 3, 4, or other quantities. In short, as long as it is greater than or equal to one, it can be realized. In addition, in other embodiments, the tunable coupling module further includes a second capacitor unit, and the second capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the Josephson junction of the coupler unit.

[0056] In one embodiment, the read resonator module is a distributed transmission line type resonator. The transmission line type resonator uses a λ / 4 resonator. The embodiments of the present invention mainly focus on the case where the read resonator is a transmission line type resonator, but the content can be easily extended to other cases including LC resonators in a lumped model for the read resonator.

[0057] In one embodiment, it further includes a third capacitor unit, a fourth capacitor unit, and a fifth capacitor unit; one end of the third capacitor unit is coupled to the superconducting qubit module, and the other end is coupled to one end of the read resonator module. The other end of the read resonator module is coupled to one end of the fourth capacitor unit. The other end of the fourth capacitor unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth capacitor unit and one end of the tunable coupling module. The other end of the fifth capacitor unit is connected to the read transmission line module. Of course, in the actual operation process, the third capacitor unit, the fourth capacitor unit, and the fifth capacitor unit in this embodiment can all be replaced with inductance units, and the connection method can refer to the connection method of each capacitor unit with other modules in this embodiment.

[0058] Embodiment 2:

[0059] Through the above device, a method for quickly reading and resetting superconducting qubits can be realized, including the following steps:

[0060] S100. Adjust the intensity of the control signal applied to the coupler control line to change the coupling strength between the read resonator module and the external environment;

[0061] S200. Obtain the relationship between the control signal intensity and the decoherence time of the read resonator module and the relationship between the control signal intensity and the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module;

[0062] When the superconducting qubit module is in a non-reading and non-resetting state, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the first decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the second decoherence time of the readout resonator module;

[0063] When reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the third decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the fourth decoherence time of the readout resonator module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module;

[0064] When resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the fifth decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module;

[0065] Wherein, the first decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-reading and non-resetting state, the third decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the fifth decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, and the second decoherence time and the fourth decoherence time are the decoherence times of the readout resonator module corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-reading and non-resetting state and a reading state.

[0066] In this method, when the superconducting qubit module is in a non-reading and non-resetting state, adjust the control signal module of the coupler to an intensity with a longer decoherence time for the superconducting qubit module and the readout resonator module; when reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal of the coupler to an intensity with a longer decoherence time for the superconducting qubit module and a shorter decoherence time for the readout resonator to achieve rapid reading of the superconducting qubit; when resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal of the coupler to a position with a shorter decoherence time for the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module.

[0067] To further illustrate the feasibility of the present invention, the following is an explanation in a specific design form.

[0068] Figure 1 For an embodiment of the device of the present invention, as Figure 1As shown, the transmission line type resonator uses a λ / 4 resonator. The superconducting qubit module is a Transmon qubit structure containing two Josephson junctions. The adjustable coupling module includes a coupler unit and a magnetic flux control line disposed inside the coupler unit. The coupler unit includes two Josephson junctions, and these two Josephson junctions are in parallel. The transmission line coupled SQUID circuit is a parallel connection of two Josephson junctions and a capacitor, and also includes an independent magnetic flux control line. Impedance matching is performed at the output end of the reading module. In this embodiment, the equivalent resistance of the matching is 50 ohms. Of course, in other embodiments, it can be other data.

[0069] The following calculation process calculates the decoherence time. Through these data, it can be shown that the device of the present invention can control the decoherence time by adjusting the adjustable coupling unit in the adjustable coupling module. Assume that the characteristic impedance of the reading resonator module is Z r , the transmission line length of the reading resonator module is l, the propagation constant is β, and the attenuation constant is α. Then the total impedance Z in of the reading resonator module is

[0070] Z in = Z r tanh(α + jβ)l

[0071] Assume that at point A in Figure 1 , the input is the incident voltage V iωt of Ae in . After being output by the reading resonator module, the output voltage is V1. Let the transmission line reflectivity of the reading resonator module be r, and assume that the voltage transmittance on the equivalent infinite resistance of the reading transmission line module is t. Then, according to Kirchhoff's theorem, we can obtain:

[0072] I = (V in - V1) / Z in ;

[0073] V1 = (1 - r)V in ;

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] t = (I - I1)Z ext / A

[0077] The equivalent inductance value of the Josephson junction in the adjustable coupling module is directly determined by the magnetic flux of the coupler control line in the coupler unit. If the critical current of the Josephson junction is I c , the external magnetic field is Φ, and the value of the magnetic flux quantum Φ0 is h / 2e, then there is the following relationship:

[0078]

[0079] According to the above formula, the variation curve of the transmittance t with the magnetic field applied to the tunable coupling module is finally obtained.

[0080] Based on the transmittance t, it is also necessary to deduce the relationship between the transmittance t and the decoherence time T1 to illustrate the effect of this application. Suppose:

[0081] Read the incident power flow P of the resonator in is A 2 / 2Z r

[0082] Read the dissipated power flow P of the resonator loss is |t| 2 A 2 / 2Z ext

[0083] Read the quality factor Q of the resonator as

[0084] Taking the time required for the energy to decay to 1 / e of the original as the decoherence time T1, the calculation formula for the decoherence time T1 is

[0085]

[0086] Through the above formula, the relationship between the decoherence time and the magnetic field applied to the tunable coupling module can be obtained. Of course, in a similar way, the T1 of the qubit can also be obtained. In addition, the T1 of the qubit can be calculated by the following relatively simple method

[0087]

[0088] where C q is the capacitance in the qubit, and Z is the total external impedance transmitted by the superconducting qubit module.

[0089] In a specific embodiment, the frequency of the superconducting qubit module is taken as 6.5 GHz, the frequency of the readout resonator module is 5.0 GHz, and the capacitance values of the third capacitor unit C κ , the fourth capacitor unit C1 and the fifth capacitor unit C2 are 4.3 fF, 2.4 fF, and 2.4 fF respectively. The variation curves of the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the decoherence time of the readout resonator module with the magnetic flux applied to the tunable coupling module are as Figure 3 shown.

[0090] Therefore, in the non-reading and non-resetting states, the magnetic flux is adjusted to a working point where the decoherence times of the readout resonator and the superconducting qubit are relatively long to achieve high-precision quantum logic operations; during the reset process of the superconducting qubit, the magnetic flux is adjusted to a working point where the decoherence times of the readout resonator and the superconducting qubit are relatively short to accelerate the reset speed of the quantum state; during the readout process of the superconducting qubit, the magnetic flux is adjusted to a working point where the decoherence time of the readout resonator is relatively short and the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit is relatively long to achieve fast readout of the quantum state.

[0091] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the object, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A superconducting qubit fast reading and resetting device, characterized in that, The device includes a superconducting qubit module, a readout resonator module, an adjustable coupling module, and a readout transmission line module. The readout resonator module is coupled to the superconducting qubit module. The readout resonator module is used to read the state of the superconducting qubit module. The readout transmission line module is used to transmit the readout signal of the qubit module; The adjustable coupling module includes a coupler unit and a coupler control line disposed inside the coupler unit. One end of the readout resonator module is connected to the superconducting qubit module, and the other end is respectively connected to the coupler unit and the readout transmission line module; The coupler unit includes at least one Josephson junction. By applying a control signal to the coupler control line, the equivalent inductance value of the Josephson junction is adjusted; The adjustable coupling module includes a second capacitor unit, and the second capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the coupler unit; The superconducting qubit fast readout and reset device further includes a third capacitor unit, a fourth capacitor unit, and a fifth capacitor unit. One end of the third capacitor unit is coupled to the superconducting qubit module, and the other end is coupled to one end of the readout resonator module. The other end of the readout resonator module is coupled to one end of the fourth capacitor unit. The other end of the fourth capacitor unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth capacitor unit and one end of the adjustable coupling module. The other end of the fifth capacitor unit is connected to the readout transmission line module; The superconducting qubit fast readout and reset device further includes a third inductor unit, a fourth inductor unit, and a fifth inductor unit. One end of the third inductor unit is coupled to the superconducting qubit module, and the other end is coupled to one end of the readout resonator module. The other end of the readout resonator module is coupled to one end of the fourth inductor unit. The other end of the fourth inductor unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth inductor unit and one end of the adjustable coupling module. The other end of the fifth inductor unit is connected to the readout transmission line module; The decoherence time of the read resonator module is , where is the characteristic impedance of the read resonator module, is the voltage transmittance on the equivalent infinitely distant electron of the read transmission line module, is the read resonator frequency, is the external impedance corresponding to applying a control signal to the tunable coupling module; The decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module is , where is the capacitance value in the superconducting qubit module, is the total external impedance transmitted by the superconducting qubit module; By applying a control signal to the coupler control line, the coupling strength between the readout resonator module and the external environment is adjusted, thereby controlling the speed at which the energy of the readout resonator module and the qubit module leaks into the external environment, that is, controlling the decoherence time of the readout resonator module and the superconducting qubit module; Wherein, the adjusting the coupling strength between the readout resonator module and the external environment by applying a control signal to the coupler control line includes: When the superconducting qubit module is in a non-readout and non-reset state, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the first decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the second decoherence time of the readout resonator module; When reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the control signal applied to the coupler control line is adjusted to a strength corresponding to the third decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the fourth decoherence time of the readout resonator module to achieve fast reset of the superconducting qubit module; When resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjusting the control signal applied to the coupler control line to an intensity corresponding to the fifth decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid resetting of the superconducting qubit module; Among them, the first decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to the superconducting quantum bit module being in a non-reading and non-resetting state, the third decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to reading the state of the superconducting quantum bit module, the fifth decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to resetting the state of the superconducting quantum bit module, the second decoherence time and the fourth decoherence time are the decoherence times corresponding to the reading resonant cavity module when the superconducting quantum bit module is in a non-reading and non-resetting and reading state.

2. The rapid readout and reset device for superconducting qubits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting quantum bit module includes at least one Josephson junction, and the frequency of the superconducting quantum bit module is adjustable or non-adjustable.

3. The rapid readout and reset device for superconducting qubits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reading resonant cavity module is a distributed transmission line type resonant cavity.

4. The superconducting qubit fast reading and resetting device according to claim 1, characterized in that The superconducting qubit module further includes a first capacitor unit, which is connected in parallel with the superconducting qubit unit.

5. A method for rapid reading and resetting of superconducting qubits, characterized in that, The device is implemented based on a superconducting quantum bit fast reading and resetting device, which includes a superconducting quantum bit module, a reading resonant cavity module, an adjustable coupling module and a reading transmission line module. The reading resonant cavity module is coupled to the superconducting quantum bit module, the reading resonant cavity module is used to read the state of the superconducting quantum bit module, and the reading transmission line module is used to transmit the reading signal of the quantum bit module; The adjustable coupling module includes a coupler unit and a coupler control line arranged inside the coupler unit, one end of the reading resonant cavity module is connected to the superconducting quantum bit module, and the other end is respectively connected to the coupler unit and the reading transmission line module; The coupler unit includes at least one Josephson junction, and the equivalent inductance value of the Josephson junction is adjusted by applying a control signal to the coupler control line; The adjustable coupling module comprises a second capacitor unit, and the second capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the coupler unit; The superconducting quantum bit fast reading and resetting device also includes a third capacitor unit, a fourth capacitor unit and a fifth capacitor unit, one end of the third capacitor unit is coupled to the superconducting quantum bit module, and the other end is coupled to one end of the reading resonant cavity module, the other end of the reading resonant cavity module is coupled to one end of the fourth capacitor unit, the other end of the fourth capacitor unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth capacitor unit and one end of the adjustable coupling module, and the other end of the fifth capacitor unit is connected to the reading transmission line module; The superconducting quantum bit fast reading and resetting device also includes a third inductance unit, a fourth inductance unit and a fifth inductance unit, one end of the third inductance unit is coupled to the superconducting quantum bit module, and the other end is coupled to one end of the reading resonant cavity module, the other end of the reading resonant cavity module is coupled to one end of the fourth inductance unit, the other end of the fourth inductance unit is respectively coupled to one end of the fifth inductance unit and one end of the adjustable coupling module, and the other end of the fifth inductance unit is connected to the reading transmission line module; The decoherence time of the read resonator module is , where is the characteristic impedance of the read resonator module, is the voltage transmittance on the equivalent infinitely distant electron of the read transmission line module, is the read resonator frequency, corresponding to the external impedance when a control signal is applied to the tunable coupling module; The decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module is , where is the capacitance value in the superconducting qubit module, is the total external impedance transmitted by the superconducting qubit module; By applying a control signal to the coupler control line, the coupling strength between the read resonator module and the external environment is adjusted, thereby controlling the speed at which the energy of the read resonator module and the qubit module leaks into the external environment, that is, controlling the decoherence time of the read resonator module and the superconducting qubit module. The method includes the following steps: Adjust the strength of the control signal applied to the coupler control line to change the coupling strength between the read resonator module and the external environment; Obtain the relationship between the control signal strength and the decoherence time of the read resonator module and the relationship between the control signal strength and the decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module; When the superconducting qubit module is in a non-read and non-reset state, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to a strength corresponding to the first decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the second decoherence time of the read resonator module; When reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to a strength corresponding to the third decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module and the fourth decoherence time of the read resonator module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module; When resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, adjust the control signal applied to the coupler control line to a strength corresponding to the fifth decoherence time of the superconducting qubit module to achieve rapid reset of the superconducting qubit module; Wherein, the first decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-read and non-reset state, the third decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to reading the state of the superconducting qubit module, the fifth decoherence time is the decoherence time corresponding to resetting the state of the superconducting qubit module, and the second decoherence time and the fourth decoherence time are the decoherence times of the read resonator module corresponding to the superconducting qubit module being in a non-read and non-reset state and a read state; 6. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in claim 5 is implemented.

7. A superconducting qubit fast reading and resetting system, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, the method described in claim 5 is implemented.

8. A rapid readout and reset system for superconducting qubits, characterized in that, Including the superconducting qubit rapid read and reset device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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