A Measuring Device and Method for the Clearance between the Tail of a Coupler and a Draft Gear

Abstract

The present invention discloses a measuring device and method for the gap between the tail of a coupler and a draft gear plate, mainly including a laser ranging sensor, a housing, an adsorption magnet, a battery, an operation button, a display screen, and a main control circuit board; the adsorption magnet is used for fixedly connecting the device to the coupler head; the laser ranging sensor is used to collect the distance between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle, and indirectly measure the gap between the tail of the coupler and the draft gear plate by moving the coupler head; the gyroscope is used to calculate and compensate for the error generated by the coupler rotation angle during the measurement process; the lithium battery is used to supply power to the entire detection device; the display screen is used to display the measurement results; the housing is used to fix each component; the main control board mainly includes a voltage regulating circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, an ADC chip, and a gyroscope for the calculation and control of the entire measurement device; the operation button is used for power on / off, measurement, and reset operations; this technical solution has the advantages of small occupied space, convenient operation and carrying, high measurement accuracy, and high operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of measuring devices, and particularly to a measuring device and method for the clearance between the tail of a coupler and a yoke plate. Background Art

[0002] The clearance between the tail of a locomotive coupler and the yoke plate directly affects the operating performance of the locomotive coupler. If the clearance is too small, the coupler may get stuck, while if the clearance is too large, it will increase the impact of the coupler, thus affecting the safe operation of the locomotive. When the locomotive enters the repair process, the clearance between the tail of the coupler and the yoke plate must be measured, and the standard range should be less than or equal to 8 mm. The existing detection methods have the following problems:

[0003] 1. It is not convenient to directly measure due to the limitation of the working space.

[0004] 2. When measuring indirectly, common dimensional measuring tools such as a straight ruler and a vernier caliper cannot directly obtain the clearance result. On-site, the hook head is moved to one end limit position, and a template is used to draw a line to determine one end dimension. Then, the hook head is moved to the other end limit position, and the template is used to draw a line to determine the second end dimension. The dimension of the template line is measured by a caliper, and the difference is obtained to finally get the clearance value between the tail of the coupler and the yoke plate.

[0005] The above method requires at least two people to operate, and the operation process is cumbersome. Due to manual operation, the positioning error is large each time when drawing a line, and a large measurement error will occur when measuring the dimension of the drawn line with a vernier caliper. There are problems of low measurement accuracy and low work efficiency on-site, and there is currently no solution with convenient operation and high measurement accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide a measuring device for the clearance between the tail of a coupler and a yoke plate.

[0007] A measuring device and method for the clearance between the tail of a coupler and a yoke plate provided by the present invention includes a housing, a measuring mechanism, an adsorption mechanism, a power supply mechanism, and a control unit; wherein,

[0008] The housing is set to be square, and a square through-hole is provided on one side surface thereof;

[0009] The measuring mechanism is correspondingly arranged on one side inside the housing corresponding to the square through-hole, and is used for collecting the distance between the coupler hook head and the coupler buffer baffle;

[0010] The adsorption mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the housing and is used for fixing the measuring device on the coupler hook head;

[0011] The control unit is arranged on the housing and is used for the calculation control of the entire measuring device and the display of data;

[0012] The power supply mechanism is arranged inside the housing on one side of the measuring mechanism and is used to supply power to the entire measuring device.

[0013] Preferably, the measuring mechanism includes a first mounting bracket disposed on the bottom surface inside the housing. A laser distance sensor is provided on the first mounting bracket corresponding to the square through-hole, and the size of the square through-hole meets the requirements for laser emission and reception of the laser distance sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the adsorption mechanism includes a second mounting bracket disposed on the bottom surface inside the housing on one side of the first mounting bracket. Adsorption magnets are provided on the bottom surface of the housing corresponding to the second mounting bracket by screws.

[0015] Preferably, the control unit includes a power-on button, a measurement reset button, a display screen, and a main control circuit board; among them,

[0016] The power-on button and the measurement reset button are arranged side by side on the top surface of the housing;

[0017] The display screen is arranged on the top surface of the housing on one side of the power-on button and is used to display relevant measurement data;

[0018] The main control circuit board is arranged inside the housing on the top surface of the second mounting bracket. A voltage regulating circuit module, a gyroscope, a single-chip microcomputer, and an ADC chip are provided on the main control circuit board; the power-on button, the measurement reset button, the display screen, the power supply mechanism, and the laser distance sensor are all electrically connected to the main control circuit board.

[0019] Preferably, the power supply mechanism includes 4 mounting studs arranged on the top surface of the main control circuit board. A power supply board is arranged on the top surfaces of the 4 mounting studs, and a battery is arranged on the top surface of the power supply board.

[0020] Preferably, the analog quantity measured by the laser distance sensor is sampled by the ADC chip, and the single-chip microcomputer communicates with the ADC chip to obtain the real-time measurement distance measured by the laser distance sensor.

[0021] Preferably, the display screen and the single-chip microcomputer use TTL communication to transmit signals, and there are four display areas, namely TEXT0, TEXT1, TEXT2, and TEXT3; the TEXT0 display area is the power monitoring window; the TEXT1 display area displays the real-time distance collected by the laser ranging sensor; the TEXT2 display area displays the initialization installation information. Since the laser ranging sensor has a range, the system first performs initialization adjustment of the installation distance during operation. According to the distance displayed in the TEXT1 display area, the distance between the laser ranging sensor and the coupler buffer baffle is adjusted to ensure that the entire measurement process does not exceed the range of the laser ranging sensor. When the installation position of the device is within the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area on the screen shows green and the text shows "Installation successful". When the installation position of the device exceeds the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area shows red and the text shows "Installation failed"; the TEXT3 display area displays the final measured value of the gap between the coupler tail and the yoke plate.

[0022] A method for measuring the gap between the coupler tail and the yoke plate includes the following steps:

[0023] 1) Install the measuring device at the coupler head position through the adsorption magnet, and press the power-on button;

[0024] 2) Collect the distance between the initial measuring device and the coupler buffer baffle. The current distance is displayed in the TEXT1 display area. When the distance range does not exceed the range of the laser ranging sensor and the background of the TEXT2 display area on the screen shows green and shows "Installation successful", press the measurement reset button to start the measurement;

[0025] 3) Coupler rotation error correction: The single-chip microcomputer collects the angular velocity of the Y-axis of the gyroscope during program initialization, integrates the angular velocity of the gyroscope for a period of time to obtain the offset angle, divides the offset angle by the elapsed time to obtain the static offset error of the angular velocity of the Y-axis of the gyroscope, subtracts the static offset error from the angular velocity value collected by the Y-axis of the gyroscope to eliminate the static offset error. Through the above correction calculation, the measurement of the gyroscope rotation angle can reach a higher accuracy, and the swing angle of the coupler is measured in real time to correct the coupler rotation error during the measurement process; the actual value measured by the laser ranging sensor is reduced to the initial state position of the coupler through the geometric relationship between the coupler and the buffer baffle to reduce the dimensional error caused by the deflection of the coupler during the operation process;

[0026] 4) Automatically calculate the clearance between the tail of the coupler and the yoke plate through the single-chip microcomputer program. The specific method is to set two float-type arrays in the initialization of the single-chip microcomputer program to buffer the farthest distance and the nearest distance collected by the laser ranging sensor during the entire measurement process. The initial value of each array element of the farthest distance far[n] is the lower limit of the range, and the initial value of each array element of the nearest distance near[n] is the upper limit of the range of the laser ranging sensor. The distance measured by the laser ranging sensor after error correction is compared with each array element of the farthest distance far[n] one by one, and the maximum value of the distance is calculated using the bubble algorithm and stored in the farthest distance far[n]. The distance measured by the laser ranging sensor after error correction is compared with each array element of the nearest distance near[n] one by one, and the minimum value of the distance is calculated using the bubble algorithm and stored in the nearest distance near[n].

[0027] 5) The cached elements of the farthest distance far[n] and the nearest distance near[n] arrays are respectively filtered and calculated using the mean filtering method to obtain the nearest distance and the farthest distance between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle. The difference between the farthest distance and the nearest distance between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle is calculated to obtain the clearance between the tail of the coupler and the yoke plate.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The measuring device and method for the clearance between the tail of the coupler and the yoke plate of the present invention can directly adsorb the measuring device on any position of the coupler through the built-in adsorption magnet, which is simple to install and improves the convenience of operation; the measuring device cooperates with the high-precision ADC sampling through the built-in laser ranging sensor, without using traditional measuring rulers and templates, uses the gyroscope to collect the rotation angle during the measurement process and reduce the equivalent distance to the initial direction, uses the bubble method to calculate and extract the maximum and minimum values of the spacing in both directions, and through the mean filtering method, improves the measurement accuracy. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the number of operators of this device is reduced by half, and the repeated detection accuracy can reach 0.04 mm, improving the detection accuracy requirements.

[0030] It should be understood that the content described in the invention content part is not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] By reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of one side of a measuring device for the clearance between the tail of the coupler and the yoke plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upward-looking side of the measuring device;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the measuring device;

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the implementation mode of the measuring device;

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the display area on the display screen;

[0037] Figure 6 Operation flow chart;

[0038] Figure 7 Error analysis diagram;

[0039] Figure 8 Program flow chart;

[0040] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, laser distance measuring sensor; 2, display screen; 3, power-on button; 4, measurement reset button; 5, housing; 6, adsorption magnet; 7, charging port; 8, first mounting bracket; 9, countersunk screw; 10, second mounting bracket; 11, main control circuit board; 12, mounting stud; 13, power supply board; 14, battery; 15, coupler; 16, measuring device; 17, coupler buffer baffle. Detailed implementation mode

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the related invention, rather than limiting the invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the sake of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings.

[0042] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a measuring device and method for the gap between the coupler tail and the yoke plate, including a housing 5, a measuring mechanism, an adsorption mechanism, a power supply mechanism and a control unit; wherein,

[0044] The housing 5 is set to be square and is used to fix each component. The housing is made of aluminum alloy profile, and a square through hole is provided on one side thereof;

[0045] The measuring mechanism is arranged on one side of the inside of the housing 5 corresponding to the square through hole and is used to collect the distance between the coupler head of the coupler 15 and the coupler buffer baffle 17;

[0046] An adsorption mechanism, which is arranged at the bottom of the housing 5 and is used to fix the measuring device 16 on the coupler head;

[0047] A control unit, which is arranged on the housing 5 and is used for the calculation control and data display of the entire measuring device 16;

[0048] A power supply mechanism, which is arranged inside the housing 5 on one side of the measuring mechanism and is used to supply power to the entire measuring device 16.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring mechanism includes a first mounting bracket 8 made of aluminum alloy, which is arranged on the bottom surface inside the housing 5. A laser distance sensor 1 is arranged on the first mounting bracket 8 corresponding to a square through hole by screws, and the size of the square through hole meets the requirements for the laser emission and reception of the laser distance sensor 1.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the adsorption mechanism includes a second mounting bracket 10, which is arranged on the bottom surface inside the housing 5 on one side of the first mounting bracket 8. An adsorption magnet 6 is arranged on the bottom surface of the housing 5 corresponding to the second mounting bracket 10 by screws.

[0051] Among them, the adsorption magnet 6 is a neodymium iron boron strong magnet with a countersunk through hole in the middle, and the second mounting bracket 10 is provided with a threaded hole in the middle. When the adsorption magnet 6 is assembled with the magnet mounting bracket 10, adhesive is pre-applied to the mounting surface of the adsorption magnet 6 and the second mounting bracket 10, and then a stainless steel countersunk head screw 9 is used to connect with the second mounting bracket 10 and the countersunk head screw 9 is tightened; the second mounting bracket 10 is connected and tightened with the housing 5 through a stainless steel countersunk head screw 9.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the control unit includes a power-on button 3, a measurement reset button 4, a display screen 2 and a main control circuit board 11; among them,

[0053] The power-on button 3 and the measurement reset button 4 are arranged side by side on the top surface of the housing 5 and are used for power-on / off, measurement and reset operations;

[0054] The display screen 2 is arranged on the top surface of the housing 5 on one side of the power-on button 3 and is used to display relevant measurement data;

[0055] The main control circuit board 11 is arranged inside the housing 5 on the top surface of the second mounting bracket 10. A voltage regulating circuit module, a gyroscope, a single-chip microcomputer and an ADC chip are arranged on the main control circuit board 11; the power-on button 3, the measurement reset button 4, the display screen 2, the power supply mechanism and the laser distance sensor 1 are all electrically connected to the main control circuit board 11.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the power supply mechanism includes 4 mounting studs 12 provided on the top surface of the main control circuit board 11. A power supply board 13 is provided on the top surfaces of the 4 mounting studs 12. A battery 14 is provided on the top surface of the power supply board 13. The battery 14 uses a lithium battery, and the power of the lithium battery is obtained by collecting the voltage of the lithium battery through the ACD pin of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0057] Figure 3 The shown battery 14 is adhered to the power supply board 13 by an adhesive and fastened by a cable tie. The battery wiring is docked with the quick plug connector of the power supply board 13. The power supply board 13 and the main control circuit board 11 are provided with 4 mechanical mounting holes and are connected and fastened through the mounting studs 12. The negative power supply wire of the power supply board 13 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply interface of the main control circuit board 11 through a quick plug wiring.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the analog quantity measured by the laser distance measuring sensor 1 is sampled through an ADC chip, and the single-chip microcomputer communicates with the ADC chip to obtain the real-time measured distance measured by the laser distance measuring sensor 1.

[0059] The main control circuit board 11 is a separately designed PCB circuit board, which is provided with a battery power supply interface, a measurement reset button interface, a TTL communication interface, and an ADC signal acquisition interface. The main control circuit board 11 is connected to the housing 5 by a chute. The outer dimension of the main control circuit board 11 matches the chute of the housing 5. When the power supply board 13 and the main control circuit board 11 are installed, the main control circuit board 11 is installed in the housing 5 along the chute, with one end closely attached to the laser distance measuring sensor 1 and one end closely attached to the side baffle of the housing 5, and it is firm and without looseness during use. The power-on button 3 and the measurement reset button 4 are fastened to the housing 5 through their own nuts. One end of the power-on button 3 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply board 13, and one end is connected to the positive pole of the power supply interface of the main control circuit board 11. One end of the measurement reset button 4 is connected to the negative pole of the circuit, and one end is connected to the input pin of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the display screen 2 and the single-chip microcomputer transmit signals through TTL communication, and are provided with four display areas, namely TEXT0, TEXT1, TEXT2, and TEXT3; the TEXT0 display area is a power monitoring window, which displays the lithium battery power information. When the power is lower than 30%, the progress bar is displayed in red; when the power is higher than 30%, the progress bar is displayed in blue to indicate normal power. The lithium battery reflects the power of the battery through terminal voltage acquisition, and is collected through the ADC port of the single-chip microcomputer. When the voltage is 4.2V, the power is 100%, and when the power is 3.6V, the displayed power is 0; the TEXT1 display area displays the real-time distance collected by the laser distance measuring sensor, such as Figure 7 the distance between BD in; the TEXT2 display area displays the initialization installation information. Since the laser distance measuring sensor has a range, the system first performs initialization adjustment of the installation distance during operation, according to Figure 5The distance displayed in the display area of TEXT1 on the display screen is adjusted, and the distance between the laser ranging sensor and Figure 4 the coupler buffer baffle shown is 81 - 119 mm, ensuring that the entire measurement process does not exceed the range of the laser ranging sensor. When the installation position of this device is within the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area on the screen shows green and the text shows "Installation successful". When the installation position of this device exceeds the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area shows red and the text shows "Installation failed"; The TEXT3 display area shows the measured value of the gap between the end of the final coupler and the yoke plate.

[0061] For this measuring device, an adsorption magnet 6 is provided at the bottom, and the measuring device 16 can be arbitrarily adsorbed and fixed to the coupler head of the coupler 15 to collect measurement data. The measuring device 16 collects the gap between the coupler head of the coupler 15 and the coupler buffer baffle 17 through the laser ranging sensor 1, compensates for the angular error through the gyroscope, processes and calculates the data through the single-chip microcomputer to obtain the gap value, and displays it on the display screen 2 of this measuring device 15.

[0062] The electrical part of this measuring device is powered by a 1S lithium battery. As Figure 3 shown by the serial number 14 in the figure, the lithium battery is designed with an independent power supply board 13. The power supply board 13 is used to fix the lithium battery, is provided with power supply positive and negative connection plugs, and is provided with wiring vias. Figure 2 The charging port 7 in the figure is connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery; Figure 3 The main control circuit board 11 in the figure includes 3 power supply circuits. The voltage of the lithium battery is adjusted to 16V through a boost circuit to supply power to the laser ranging sensor 1, the voltage of the lithium battery is adjusted to 3.3V through a buck circuit to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer and the display screen 2, and the voltage of the lithium battery is adjusted to 5V through a boost circuit to supply power to the ADC acquisition chip.

[0063] As Figure 3 shown, the laser ranging sensor 1 adopts a high-precision CMOS image sensor, is fixed to the measuring device 16 by screws through the first mounting bracket 8. The analog signal output line of the laser ranging sensor 1 is connected to the input of the high-precision ADC chip, and the output of the laser ranging sensor 1 is collected through the ADC chip; It is connected to the signal output of the ADC chip through the IIC communication interface of the single-chip microcomputer, the data of the ADC chip is obtained through data parsing, the measured distance of the laser ranging sensor 1 is calculated through the single-chip microcomputer, and the result is displayed on the display screen 2.

[0064] The measurement process of the measuring device is as Figure 4As shown, align the coupler head of coupler 15 to the correct angle without restricting the telescopic position of the coupler head of coupler 15. Install the measuring device 16 at the position of the coupler head of coupler 6 through the adsorption magnet 6. Click the power-on button 3. The processor collects the distance between the initial measuring device 16 and the coupler buffer baffle 17. The current distance is displayed on the screen TEXT1. When the distance ranges from 81 - 119 mm, the TEXT2 area of the screen is filled with green and "Installation successful" is displayed. When the distance range exceeds 81 - 119 mm, the TEXT2 area of the screen is filled with red and "Installation failed" is displayed. Adjust the distance between the measuring device and the end of the vehicle to 81 - 119 mm. When "Installation successful" is displayed, start the measurement.

[0065] As described Figure 1 In the above, the measurement range of the laser distance sensor 1 is 70 - 130 mm. Considering the dimensional fluctuations of the coupler 15 during the measurement process, the installation distance is restricted between 81 - 119 mm, with an 11 mm clearance measurement range reserved at both ends, which can meet the measurement requirements for the maximum error clearance.

[0066] After successful installation, click Figure 1 In the above, click the measurement / reset button 4 to start the measurement. Push the coupler head of coupler 15 close to the coupler buffer baffle 17 to the limit position, and then pull the coupler head of coupler 15 away from the coupler buffer baffle 17 to the limit position. Check Figure 5 The value in the TEXT3 display box on screen 2, which is the installation distance between the current measuring device 16 and the coupler buffer baffle 17. Record the measurement result in the TEXT3 area. When the operation process requires repeated measurement, click the measurement reset button 4. The program automatically initializes the internal parameters, and repeat the pushing and pulling of the coupler head of coupler 15 and re-read the values.

[0067] A method for measuring the clearance between the tail of a coupler and a yoke plate includes the following steps:

[0068] 1) Install the measuring device 16 at the position of the coupler head of coupler 15 through the adsorption magnet, and press the power-on button;

[0069] 2) Collect the distance between the initial measuring device 16 and the coupler buffer baffle 17. The current distance is displayed in the TEXT1 display area. When the distance range does not exceed the measuring range of the laser distance sensor, after the background of the TEXT2 display area on the screen is displayed in green and "Installation successful" is shown, press the measurement reset button to start the measurement;

[0070] 3) Correction of coupler rotation error: The single-chip microcomputer collects the angular velocity of the Y-axis of the gyroscope during program initialization, integrates the angular velocity of the gyroscope for a period of time to obtain the offset angle, divides the offset angle by the elapsed time to obtain the static offset error of the angular velocity of the Y-axis of the gyroscope, subtracts the static offset error from the angular velocity value collected by the Y-axis of the gyroscope to eliminate the static offset error. Through the above correction calculation, the measurement of the gyroscope rotation angle can reach a higher accuracy, and the swing angle of the coupler is measured in real time to correct the coupler rotation error during the measurement process; the actual value measured by the laser ranging sensor is reduced to the initial state position of the coupler through the geometric relationship between the coupler and the buffer baffle, reducing the dimensional error caused by the deflection of the coupler during the operation process;

[0071] From Figure 7 As shown, the distance measured by the laser ranging sensor is BD = L, the swing angle of the coupler is θ, the rotation radius of the coupler is OA = R, and the longitudinal equivalent distance between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle is AC = d. The formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, due to the small swing angle θ of the coupler, it is approximately obtained that

[0074]

[0075] Through the above calculation and processing, the distance L measured by the swing of the coupler during the operation process is reduced to the initial state Figure 7 shown in the direction of OA, thereby correcting the influence of the swing of the coupler on the clearance measurement error during the measurement process.

[0076] 4) Automatically calculate the clearance between the coupler tail and the follower plate through the single-chip microcomputer program. The specific method is to set two float-type arrays composed of 20 elements in the single-chip microcomputer program initialization, which are used to buffer the farthest distance and the nearest distance collected by the laser ranging sensor during the whole measurement process. The initial value of each array element of the farthest distance far

[20] is the lower limit value of the range, and the initial value of each array element of the nearest distance near

[20] is the upper limit value of the range of the laser ranging sensor. The distance d corrected by the error of the laser ranging sensor is compared with each array element of the farthest distance far

[20] one by one, and the maximum value of the distance d is calculated by using the bubble algorithm and stored in the farthest distance far

[20] . Similarly, the distance d corrected by the error is compared with each array element of the nearest distance near

[20] one by one, and the minimum value of the distance d is calculated by using the bubble algorithm and stored in the farthest distance near

[20] ;

[0077] 5) Refer to Figure 8, for the array cache elements of the farthest distance far[,20] and the nearest distance near

[20] , mean filtering method is respectively used for filtering calculation to eliminate certain measurement errors, and the nearest distance and the farthest distance between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle are calculated. The farthest distance DNear and the nearest distance DFar between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle are obtained. The difference between the nearest distance DNear and the farthest distance DFar is calculated, which is the clearance Distance between the coupler tail and the yoke. Through the single-chip microcomputer and TTL communication with the display screen as Figure 5 display the value in the "TEXT3" area through TTL communication with the display screen; the relevant formulas are as follows:

[0078] ;

[0079] ;

[0080] ;

[0081] such as Figure 1 As shown, the clearance measuring device between the coupler tail and the yoke is provided with a power-on button 3, which is connected in series with the main power circuit to control the power-on of the whole device; the clearance measuring device between the coupler tail and the yoke is provided with a measurement reset button 4, one end of which is grounded and the other end is connected to the input pin of the single-chip microcomputer. When the single-chip microcomputer detects the low level of the reset pin, the program restores the initial states of the two array cache elements of the farthest distance far

[20] and the nearest distance near

[20] , clears the nearest distance DNear and the farthest distance DFar, and performs the next measurement.

[0082] In the description of this specification, terms such as "connection", "installation", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0083] In the description of this specification, the description of terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0084] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A measuring device for the clearance between the tail of a coupler and a draft gear, characterized in that, it includes a housing, a measuring mechanism, an adsorption mechanism, a power supply mechanism and a control unit; wherein, the housing is set to be square, and a square through-hole is provided on one side surface thereof; an adsorption magnet is provided on the bottom surface of the housing; the measuring mechanism is correspondingly arranged on one side inside the housing corresponding to the square through-hole, and is used for collecting the distance between the coupler head and the coupler buffer baffle; the measuring mechanism includes a first mounting bracket, and a laser ranging sensor is arranged on the first mounting bracket; the adsorption mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the housing and is used for fixing the measuring device on the coupler head; the control unit is arranged on the housing and is used for the calculation control of the whole measuring device and the display of data; the control unit includes a power-on button, a measurement reset button, a display screen and a main control circuit board; a voltage regulation circuit module, a gyroscope, a single-chip microcomputer and an ADC chip are arranged on the main control circuit board; the display screen is provided with four display areas, namely TEXT0, TEXT1, TEXT2 and TEXT3; the power supply mechanism is arranged inside the housing on one side of the measuring mechanism and is used for supplying power to the whole measuring device; A measuring method using the above-mentioned measuring device for the clearance between the tail of a coupler and a draft gear includes the following steps: 1) Install the measuring device at the position of the coupler head through the adsorption magnet, and press the power-on button; 2) Collect the distance between the initial measuring device and the coupler buffer baffle, and the current distance is displayed in the TEXT1 display area. When the distance range does not exceed the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area on the screen shows green and "Installation successful" is displayed, and then press the measurement reset button to start the measurement; 3) Coupler rotation error correction: The single-chip microcomputer collects the angular velocity of the Y-axis of the gyroscope during program initialization, and integrates the angular velocity of the gyroscope for a period of time to obtain the offset angle. The offset angle is divided by the elapsed time to obtain the static offset error of the angular velocity of the Y-axis of the gyroscope. The angular velocity value collected by the Y-axis of the gyroscope is subtracted from the static offset error of the angular velocity to eliminate the static offset error. Through the above correction calculation, the gyroscope angle measurement can reach a higher accuracy, and the swing angle of the coupler is measured in real time to correct the coupler rotation error during the measurement process; the actual value measured by the laser ranging sensor is reduced to the initial state position of the coupler through the geometric relationship between the coupler and the buffer baffle, and the dimensional error caused by the deflection of the coupler during the operation is reduced; 4) Automatically calculate the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate through the single-chip microcomputer program. The specific method is to set two float-type arrays in the initialization of the single-chip microcomputer program to cache the farthest distance and the nearest distance collected by the laser distance sensor during the whole measurement process. The initial value of each array element of the farthest distance far[n] is the lower limit value of the range, and the initial value of each array element of the nearest distance near[n] is the upper limit value of the range of the laser distance sensor. The distance after error correction measured by the laser distance sensor is compared with each array element of the farthest distance far[n] one by one, and the far[n] array is obtained by using the bubble algorithm. The distance after error correction is compared with each array element of the nearest distance near[n] one by one, and the near[n] array is obtained by using the bubble algorithm; 5) The cached elements of the farthest distance far[n] and the nearest distance near[n] arrays are respectively filtered and calculated by the mean filtering method. The elements in the farthest distance far[n] array are averaged. Similarly, the elements in the nearest distance near[n] array are averaged. The two finally obtained average values are the values of the farthest distance DFar and the nearest distance DNear respectively, so as to eliminate certain measurement errors, and then calculate the absolute value Distance of the difference between DFar and DNear, which is the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate.

2. The measuring device for the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first mounting bracket is arranged on the bottom surface inside the housing, and the laser distance sensor is arranged on the first mounting bracket corresponding to the square through hole. The size of the square through hole meets the requirements of the laser emission and reception of the laser distance sensor.

3. The measuring device for the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adsorption mechanism includes a second mounting bracket arranged on the bottom surface inside the housing on one side of the first mounting bracket, and the adsorption magnet is arranged on the bottom surface of the housing through screws corresponding to the second mounting bracket.

4. The measuring device for the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power-on button and the measurement reset button are arranged side by side on the top surface of the housing; the display screen is arranged on the top surface of the housing on one side of the power-on button for displaying relevant measurement data; the main control circuit board is arranged on the top surface of the housing inside the second mounting bracket; the power-on button, the measurement reset button, the display screen, the power supply mechanism, and the laser distance sensor are all electrically connected to the main control circuit board.

5. The measuring device for the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply mechanism includes 4 mounting studs arranged on the top surface of the main control circuit board, and a power supply board is arranged on the top surfaces of the 4 mounting studs, and a battery is arranged on the top surface of the power supply board.

6. The measuring device for the clearance between the coupler tail and the yoke plate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The analog quantity measured by the laser ranging sensor is sampled by the ADC chip, and the single-chip microcomputer communicates with the ADC chip to obtain the real-time measured distance measured by the laser ranging sensor.

7. The measuring device for the gap between the coupler tail and the yoke according to claim 6, characterized in that the display screen and the single-chip microcomputer transmit signals by TTL communication; the TEXT0 display area is the power monitoring window; the TEXT1 display area displays the real-time distance collected by the laser ranging sensor; the TEXT2 display area displays the initialization installation information. Since the laser ranging sensor has a range, the system first performs initialization adjustment of the installation distance during operation. According to the distance displayed in the TEXT1 display area, the distance between the laser ranging sensor and the coupler buffer baffle is adjusted to ensure that the entire measurement process does not exceed the range of the laser ranging sensor. When the installation position of the device is within the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area on the screen shows green and the text shows "Installation successful". When the installation position of the device exceeds the range of the laser ranging sensor, the background of the TEXT2 display area shows red and the text shows "Installation failed"; the TEXT3 display area displays the final measured value of the gap between the coupler tail and the yoke.

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