An intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method. A main haulage roadway and a return airway are arranged in the floor rock stratum of the coal seam along the strike of the level to be mined; a number of mining districts are arranged in sequence in the same way; a right rising entry is driven in the floor rock stratum of the coal seam as the haulage rising entry, and the right rising entry of the previous mining district is used as the left rising entry of the present mining district to form a track rising entry; a working face gateway is driven from the right rising entry to the left rising entry direction, and a cutting roadway is opened; a connecting roadway is constructed to connect the right rising entry and the working face gateway; an intelligent fully mechanized working face is arranged; coal is mined and gob-side entry retaining is carried out; the remaining working faces in the mining district are continuously mined; and in this way, the remaining mining districts in the level to be mined are mined. The mining district layout mode of the present invention can cancel the setting of the upper coal pillar, improve the coal recovery rate, and at the same time, the intelligent fully mechanized coal mining system can reduce the interference with the coal mining process, improve the production efficiency, and ensure safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coal mining, and specifically to an intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method. Background Art

[0002] Coal generally occurs in layers in sedimentary rocks, and its hardness is relatively small compared to rocks, which provides convenience for its mechanized mining. At present, fully mechanized coal mining technology has been basically popularized in medium and large mines in China. Fully mechanized coal mining refers to the entire production process of a coal mining face, including coal breaking, coal loading, coal transportation, support, roadway transportation, tunneling, etc. all mechanized. Among them, the main equipment in a fully mechanized coal mining face includes: a coal shearer, a flexible scraper conveyor, and a self - moving hydraulic support. The scraper conveyor is the main transportation equipment in a fully mechanized coal mining face. In addition to transporting coal, it can also serve as the running track of the coal shearer and the fulcrum for the movement of the hydraulic support. The coal shearer has a tensioning device for chain haulage or a tooth rail for chainless haulage, and also has functions such as cleaning the floating coal on the working face, placing cables, water pipes, emulsion hoses, etc. During the process of fully mechanized coal mining in coal mines, dust and gas are generated. At present, coal mining, dust reduction, and gas removal all need to be manually operated and controlled separately, which is prone to mutual interference between processes. Therefore, its degree of intelligent mining needs to be further improved.

[0003] At the same time, the coal mine preparation method in China mainly adopts the mining area layout plan in inclined coal seams. When arranging the mining area, it is necessary to leave a protective coal pillar for the upcast shaft. This is a conventional plan in the industry. However, leaving a protective coal pillar for the upcast shaft will cause huge waste of resources. Especially affected by stress concentration, the protective coal pillar is difficult to recover. Generally speaking, the loss of only the protective coal pillar for the upcast shaft in a mining area is as high as more than 50 million yuan. The loss is even greater in the case of high mining height and good coal quality. Therefore, how to reduce or eliminate the upcast coal pillar has always been a research hotspot in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the above - mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes an intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method, including the following steps:

[0005] The first step is to arrange a main haulage roadway and a return airway in the floor rock stratum of the coal seam along the strike of the coal seam to be mined;

[0006] The second step is to arrange a number of mining areas in the same way in sequence; drive a right upcast roadway in the floor rock stratum of the coal seam as the haulage upcast roadway, and use the right upcast roadway of the previous mining area as the left upcast roadway of the current mining area to form a track upcast roadway;

[0007] The third step is to drive a working face crossheading and a cut - through from the right upcast roadway towards the left upcast roadway; construct a connecting roadway to connect the right upcast roadway and the working face crossheading;

[0008] The fourth step is to carry out the layout of an intelligent fully mechanized coal mining face;

[0009] Step 5: Coal mining and gob-side entry retaining are carried out.

[0010] Step 6: Continue the coal mining of the remaining working faces in the mining area.

[0011] Step 7: Carry out the coal mining of the remaining mining areas in the level to be mined in this way.

[0012] Preferably, in Step 3, the cutting roadway is located at the end line of the previous mining area.

[0013] Preferably, in Step 3, the working face level roadway is constructed in the coal seam, gradually rises from right to left at the right upper crosscut until it enters the coal seam, and has entered the coal seam at the end line.

[0014] Preferably, in Step 4, a gas concentration sensor and a dust concentration sensor are set at the shearer drum, a dust suppression sprinkler device and an automatic control device are set on the shearer, and an extended-range fan is equipped near the right upper crosscut in the working face level roadway.

[0015] Preferably, in Step 5, data is collected through the gas concentration sensor and the dust concentration sensor; the automatic control device automatically controls the sprinkler device to match the corresponding water spraying amount according to the collected dust concentration, automatically controls the opening of the extended-range fan according to the collected gas concentration, and automatically controls the operating power of the extended-range fan to match the corresponding gas concentration.

[0016] Preferably, the driving or preparation work of the next mining area is carried out synchronously with the coal mining work of the previous mining area.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The mining area layout method of the present invention can cancel the setting of the uphill coal pillar, improve the coal recovery rate. At the same time, the intelligent fully mechanized coal mining system can reduce the interference to the coal mining process, improve the production efficiency, and ensure safety. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram when the Nth mining area of the present invention is prepared and completed;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram when the first mining face of the Nth mining area of the present invention is mined;

[0020] In the figure: main haulage roadway - 1, return airway - 2, left upper crosscut - 3, right upper crosscut - 4, connecting roadway - 5, intake level roadway - 6, coal haulage level roadway - 7, working face - 8, gob - 9, gob - side entry retaining - 10, end line - 11, cutting roadway - 12. Detailed Embodiment

[0021] Taking a certain coal mine of Datong Coal Mine Group as an example, combined with the attached Figure 1-2 , the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0022] The coal mine is currently conducting first-level mining and will soon transition to second-level mining. During the first-level mining, the panel layout method with wings on both sides of the panel is mainly adopted for coal mining. The average width of the upcast shaft protection coal pillar left in the panel is 42 m, and its length is the same as the dip width of the panel, generally about 800 m. The average mining height of the first level is 5 m, and the bulk density is 1.5 t / m 3 . The coal loss in only one panel reaches 252,000 t. Calculated at an average market price of 500 yuan / t, the loss is approximately 126 million yuan, resulting in huge resource waste. Therefore, in order to improve the recovery rate of the panel, an optimization study was carried out on the panel layout method of the second level, and at the same time, the intelligence level of fully mechanized coal mining was upgraded, forming an intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining plan, which is as follows:

[0023] The first step is to drive the second-level haulage roadway 1. The existing return airway 2 (used in the first level) that is currently in service will continue to be used as the second-level return airway. Both the haulage roadway 1 and the return airway 2 are arranged roughly along the coal seam strike. The haulage roadway 1 is located at the lower part of the dip of the panel in the second level, that is, at the deepest buried depth of the second level, and the return airway 2 is located at the mine boundary, that is, at the shallowest buried depth. The haulage roadway 1 is connected to the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft, and is used for positive (from the ground to the panel) air intake and material transportation, and reverse (from the panel to the ground) coal transportation and gangue discharge. The return airway 2 is connected to the air shaft to discharge the exhausted air in the panel (including the driving face and the coal mining face). The haulage roadway 1 and the return airway 2 serve all panels in the entire level or the entire mine, so their service life will reach several decades. Therefore, the haulage roadway 1 and the return airway 2 are constructed in the rock layer at the lower part of the coal seam to improve their stability, facilitate support and maintenance, and at the same time reduce the disturbance caused by coal seam mining to them;

[0024] The second step is to arrange panels in sequence along the strike in the second level, including the 1st panel, the 2nd panel... the (N - 1)th panel, the Nth panel, the (N + 1)th panel... The layout methods and steps of all panels are the same;

[0025] Among them, the layout process of the Nth panel is as follows: Drive the right upcast shaft 4 from the haulage roadway 1 along the dip to the return airway 2 in the rock layer at the lower part of the coal seam as the haulage upcast shaft, and its main function is air intake and coal transportation. The distance between the haulage upcast shaft and the coal seam should be determined by comprehensively considering the borehole columnar section (the type, thickness, and strength of the rock layer under the coal seam floor) and the disturbance conditions of different depths of the floor after coal seam mining. The designed distance in this mine is 12 m.

[0026] When preparing and mining in the (N - 1)th panel, a right upcast shaft (haulage upcast shaft) is constructed in the (N - 1)th panel. This right upcast shaft (haulage upcast shaft) will continue to be used during the coal mining of the Nth panel as the left upcast shaft 3 of the Nth panel, that is, the track upcast shaft, and its main functions are return air, personnel passage, material transportation, and gangue discharge;

[0027] In the third step, four working faces are arranged along the dip direction from top to bottom in each mining area. The mining width of each working face is 200 m (including the widths of the two side gateways), and the advancing length along the strike is 720 m. The gob-side entry retaining technology is adopted. At the positions of the two gateways of the designed working face, the gateways of the working face are driven from the right upper drift 4 towards the left upper drift 3 until reaching the end line position of the (N - 1)th mining area. And the cut-through 12 is constructed to connect the two side gateways of the working face. The two side gateways of the working face refer to the haulage gateway 7 and the intake airway 6 of the working face. The two side gateways of the working face need to be constructed in the coal seam. Therefore, the gateways of the working face gradually rise from right to left at the right upper drift until entering the coal seam. The position where it enters the coal seam needs to be at a certain distance from the stop line 11, and this distance should not be less than 10 m, that is, it is necessary to ensure that the coal seam has been entered at the stop line (the mining area of the Nth working face). At the same time, the two side gateways of the working face are located above the left upper drift 3 at the left upper drift and pass through the left upper drift. The two side gateways of the working face are both 6.2 m wide and 5.0 m high, and the roof and floor are in the same position as the roof and floor of the coal seam.

[0028] Construct the L-shaped connection roadway 5, starting from the right upper drift, first sloping to the left and then continuing to slope upward, so that the terminal of the connection roadway 5 is connected to the two side gateways of the working face.

[0029] In the fourth step, the intelligent fully-mechanized mining working face is arranged. A shearer, a scraper conveyor, and hydraulic supports are arranged in the cut-through 12. The shearer runs on the scraper conveyor. The hydraulic supports separate the coal body to be mined from the gob 9 and support the upper roof of the coal seam, providing a working space for the shearer and the scraper conveyor. The hydraulic supports are connected to the scraper conveyor through push cylinders to form a linkage. A belt conveyor, a crusher, and a belt conveyor connected to the scraper conveyor are arranged in sequence near the cut-through in the haulage gateway 7 to transport the mined coal out.

[0030] In order to reduce the interference of the dust reduction and gas drainage processes on coal mining, a gas concentration sensor and a dust concentration sensor are set at the shearer drum. At the same time, a dust suppression sprinkler device and an automatic control device are also set on the shearer. An extended-range fan is equipped at each of the intake airway 6 and the haulage gateway 7 near the right upper drift. The automatic control device can collect the data of the gas concentration sensor and the dust concentration sensor, and automatically control the water spraying amount of the sprinkler device according to the collected dust concentration data, and automatically control the ventilation volume of the extended-range fan according to the collected gas concentration data. In this way, the manual operation process can be reduced, enabling the shearer operator to concentrate on coal mining work, improving the coal mining efficiency, and at the same time optimizing the working environment and improving safety.

[0031] In the fifth step, the working face 8 is mined and the gob-side entry retaining is carried out. Before the mining of the first mining working face at the uppermost side of the mining area, the haulage gateway 7 and the intake airway 6 are driven simultaneously. When the subsequent working faces are mined, the gob-side entry retaining technology is adopted, and only the haulage gateway 7 needs to be driven. The haulage gateway of the previous working face is used as the intake airway of the next working face. For exampleFigure 2 As shown, the transportation gateway 7 of the first mining face is used as the intake gateway 6 during the mining of the second face; the fresh air passage is: the main haulage roadway 1 - the right rising airway 4 - passing through both the intake gateway 6 and the coal haulage gateway 7 - the mining area of the face. After becoming stale air, the return air route is: the gob-side entry retaining section 10 - the crossheading in the N-1st mining district - the left rising airway 3 - the return airway 2;

[0032] During the face mining process, data is collected through gas concentration sensors and dust concentration sensors. According to the collected dust concentration, the automatic control device automatically controls the sprinkler device to match the corresponding water spraying volume. According to the collected gas concentration, the automatic control device automatically controls the opening of the extended-range fan and automatically controls the operating power of the extended-range fan to match the corresponding gas concentration;

[0033] Step 6: Continue to mine the remaining faces in the Nth mining district. At this time, only one gateway needs to be driven in the lower part along the dip of this face;

[0034] Step 7: Prepare and mine the (N + 1)th mining district according to the above method, and repeat this process until the second level is completely mined.

[0035] Among them, the driving or preparation work of the (N + 1)th mining district is carried out synchronously with the mining work of the Nth mining district. Two driving teams are set up for driving work, and one coal mining team is set up for coal mining work.

[0036] Expected economic benefits: If the second level is mined according to the first-level mining method, a total of 5 rising coal pillars need to be reserved. If the above-optimized coal mining plan is adopted, no rising coal pillars need to be reserved in the second level, and a total of 1.26 million tons of coal can be mined more, which is equivalent to the annual output of a medium-sized coal mine, and 630 million yuan can be saved. At the same time, the automatically set dust reduction and gas removal devices can improve the accuracy of water spraying volume control compared with manual control of the water spraying volume, and do not need to rely on the experience of workers for judgment; the set gas concentration sensors can timely monitor the change of gas concentration and take control measures as soon as possible, improving the safety of the construction environment.

Claims

1. An intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: a. Arrange the main haulage roadway and the return airway in the rock stratum at the coal seam floor along the strike of the coal seam to be mined. Among them, the main haulage roadway is located in the relatively lower part in the dip direction of the mining area; b. Arrange several mining areas in sequence along the strike in the same way; drive a right upward slope in the rock stratum at the coal seam floor as the haulage rise. The right upward slope of the previous mining area serves as the left upward slope (track rise) of this mining area. The right upward slope of the previous mining area is also constructed in the rock stratum at the coal seam floor; c. Arrange several working faces in the dip direction from top to bottom in each mining area; drive the working face gate road from the right upward slope to the left upward slope until reaching the end line of the previous mining area. The end line of each working face in each mining area is located on the left side of the right upward slope of the corresponding mining area; the gate road includes the haulage gate road and the intake airway gate road. Open a cut - through at the end line of the upper mining area to connect the two gate roads; the gate road is constructed in the coal seam, and construct an L - shaped connecting roadway, starting from the right upward slope, sloping left first and then continuing to slope upward, so that the end of the connecting roadway is connected to the gate roads on both sides of the working face; d. Conduct the layout of the intelligent fully - mechanized mining working face; e. Coal mining and gob - side entry retaining: Use the haulage gate road of the previous working face as the intake airway gate road of the next working face; the fresh air passage is: main haulage roadway - right upward slope - passing through both the intake airway gate road and the coal haulage roadway simultaneously - the working face mining area; the return air route after becoming stale air is: gob - side entry retaining section - L - shaped connecting roadway of the previous mining area - left upward slope - return airway; f. Continue with the coal mining of the remaining working faces in the mining area; g. Conduct the coal mining of the remaining mining areas in the coal seam to be mined in this way.

2. The intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein The working face gate road is constructed in the coal seam, gradually rising from right to left at the right upward slope until entering the coal seam, and has entered the coal seam at the end - of - mining line.

3. The intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layout of the intelligent fully - mechanized mining working face is as follows: Install a gas concentration sensor and a dust concentration sensor at the shearer drum, install a dust - suppression sprinkler device and an automatic control device on the shearer, and equip a booster fan near the right upward slope in the working face gate road.

4. The intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that Data is collected through the gas concentration sensor and the dust concentration sensor; the automatic control device automatically controls the sprinkler device to match the corresponding water spray volume according to the collected dust concentration, and automatically controls the opening of the booster fan and the running power of the booster fan to match the corresponding gas concentration according to the collected gas concentration.

5. The intelligent and efficient fully mechanized coal mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that The tunneling or preparation work of the next mining area is carried out simultaneously with the coal mining work of the previous mining area.

Images