Switching device for transmission

Abstract

The present invention relates to a switching device (1, 2) for a transmission (100), wherein the switching device (1, 2) comprises at least: - a first component (11, 21), - a second component (12, 22), and - a third component (13, 23), wherein these components (11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23) interact according to the switching state in such a manner that - a friction clutch device (14, 24) is arranged in the first component (11, 21) and the second component (23). Between components (12, 22), a locking clutch device (15, 25) is arranged between the second component (12, 22) and the third component (13, 23), and a one-way clutch device (16, 26) is arranged between the second component (12, 22) and the third component (13, 23). A connecting device (17, 27) is provided to connect the clutch component of the friction clutch device (14, 24) with the clutch component of the locking clutch device (15, 25).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a switching device for a transmission and a related transmission. Background Technology

[0002] A transmission is a machine unit that can change motion parameters, i.e., it is used to transmit and / or convert motion, energy, and / or torque. Related switching devices include switching elements, such as clutches, one-way clutches, and brakes, by means of which transmission components can selectively interact, i.e., separate or fix together. In the sense of this invention, the switching device can be an integral part of the transmission and includes other transmission components besides the switching element, such as shafts or gears of a planetary gear mechanism. The use of switching elements in multi-stage transmissions for vehicle powertrains creates multiple switchable gear ratios, and due to the achievable small structural size, applications are particularly possible in hybrid powertrains and in bicycles. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The objective of this invention is to propose an extension scheme for a switching device for a transmission that can couple three transmission components in different switching states, wherein, in particular, a simple actuation of the switching device is sought.

[0004] This task is accomplished based on the switching device for a transmission according to claim 1. Advantageous extensions of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0005] This invention includes the following technical teachings, namely, that a switching device has at least a first component, a second component, and a third component, wherein these components interact with each other according to the switching state in the following manner:

[0006] - The friction clutch is arranged between the first component and the second component.

[0007] A locking clutch mechanism is arranged between the second and third components.

[0008] - The one-way clutch is located between the second and third components.

[0009] A connecting device is provided to connect the clutch component of the friction clutch device to the clutch component of the form-locking clutch device.

[0010] This invention is based on the concept that the switchable components of a friction clutch and a form-locking clutch are mechanically or hydraulically connected by a connecting device, allowing the two clutches to be switched via an actuating connecting device. The parallel connection of the one-way clutch and the form-locking clutch between the second and third transmission components functions like a lockable one-way clutch, which allows the two transmission components to be selectively coupled in one rotational direction or in both rotational directions in a manner that prevents relative rotation. This enables force transmission in cases of reversed torque direction in the switching device, which is necessary, for example, for energy recovery in vehicles with electric power units or for reversing. The synchronization of the rotational speeds of the second and third components, required for operating the form-locking clutch, is achieved through the one-way clutch.

[0011] A preferred application is a power-split transmission, for example, which operates based on the principles of a planetary gear mechanism and / or a cylindrical gear differential. In such applications, for example, shafts connected to components of the planetary gear mechanism (sun gear, planet carrier, ring gear) in a manner that prevents relative rotation can be alternately coupled to a drive shaft or to a rigid shaft. In a power-split transmission, two gears with different gear ratios are generated from these switching positions. Which direction of rotation can transmit force in different switching positions is related to the device. This results in different technical advantages. For example, using the switching device according to the invention, two forward gears and one reverse gear can be achieved in a planetary gear mechanism using friction-locking clutches, one-way clutches, and form-locking clutches. They can be switched without interrupting traction. In the prior art, at least two diaphragm clutches are required for this, which must be precisely synchronized during switching, similar to a classic dual-clutch system. Furthermore, the energy consumption for switching two diaphragm clutches is significantly higher than that in the switching device according to the invention, which has a significant impact on the efficiency of the transmission. In existing switching devices, two diaphragm clutches require complex actuation via two adjusting devices, negatively impacting structural space requirements and manufacturing and installation costs. During acceleration, the switching device according to the invention in a power-splitting transmission is sufficient to disengage or engage a single diaphragm clutch via a single adjusting device. When the diaphragm clutch disengages, a one-way clutch engages, preventing free rotation of the connecting components of the exemplary planetary transmission. This ensures that power flow can occur through the switching component or through one or more other components. "Idling" is avoided in the switching device according to the invention, which may temporarily and undesirably occur, for example, in cases of poor synchronization of the dual clutches. To ensure reverse gear and vehicle kinetic energy recovery, the switching device is equipped with a form-locking clutch, which, for safety reasons, can only be selectively switched together with a friction clutch. Therefore, the form-locking clutch and the friction clutch cannot engage simultaneously. This form-locking clutch allows two shafts synchronized by a one-way clutch to couple to each other in a manner that prevents relative rotation. Therefore, power transmission can be achieved even when the torque direction is reversed, such as in reverse gear or when the power unit is used for braking or energy recovery in an electric vehicle.

[0012] In an advantageous implementation, the switching device includes the following switching states:

[0013] - Friction clutch disengages, and locking clutch engages, or

[0014] - The friction clutch disengages, and the locking clutch disengages, or

[0015] - The friction clutch engages and the locking clutch disengages.

[0016] Here, due to the preferred rigid connection of the clutch mechanism via the connecting device, these three switching states can be switched sequentially, meaning that engaging one clutch requires prior disengagement of the other. Therefore, the switching device can, for example, be used to achieve two forward gears. Similarly, in the case of reverse rotation of the transmission's drive shaft, as is possible in an electric power unit, reverse gear can also be achieved.

[0017] Preferably, at least two of the components are coaxially rotatable relative to each other, and / or at least one of the components is non-rotatable. The non-rotatable component is particularly the transmission housing. A particular embodiment is that all three components are configured to be coaxially rotatable relative to each other.

[0018] In particular, the switching device has an adjusting mechanism, which is configured to displace the connecting device, thereby adjusting the switching state of the friction clutch and / or the form-locking clutch. For example, the adjusting mechanism can be constructed as a hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, electromechanical, or electromagnetic actuator. A suitable embodiment of the electromechanical actuator is, for example, a rolling element-sloping actuator. The adjusting mechanism is preferably supplemented by a return spring, which is configured to displace the connecting device. Using a return spring is advantageous because hydraulic, pneumatic, and electromechanical adjusting mechanisms typically apply only the large force required to engage or disengage the friction clutch in one direction. Therefore, the return spring is particularly useful for actuating form-locking clutches where a smaller force is typically required.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment, the friction clutch is configured as a diaphragm clutch, and / or the locking clutch is configured as a jaw clutch. More advantageously, the jaw clutch is configured for automatic orientation by having the teeth of the jaw clutch inclined on the non-power-transmitting rear side, or by having a torsion spring unit. Because a one-way clutch is connected in parallel, the power transmission through the jaw clutch occurs only in one rotational direction, i.e., in the rotational direction of the one-way clutch that decouples the second and third components. Regardless of the relative positions of the two clutch halves, the inclined rear side of the teeth (where the teeth do not transmit power) and the support of the clutch halves by the torsion spring unit ensure low-friction engagement of the jaw clutch.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a transmission comprising at least two coaxial shafts that can rotate relative to each other and at least one shaft that cannot rotate, wherein the transmission has at least one switching device according to one of the foregoing embodiments.

[0021] For example, here, the first component of the switching device is operatively connected to one of the rotatable shafts or to a non-rotatable shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and / or the second component is operatively connected to one of the rotatable shafts in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and / or the third component is operatively connected to one of the rotatable shafts or to a non-rotatable shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

[0022] In particular, a rotatable shaft can function as a drive shaft or an output shaft. Within the scope of this invention, a shaft constructed to transmit power from a power unit, such as an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, into the transmission is considered a drive shaft. A shaft constructed to transmit power from the transmission in the output direction is considered an output shaft, particularly the drive shaft of a motor vehicle or the drive shaft of a power-operating machine. In the case of a motor vehicle transmission, this power flow corresponds to the traction operation of the powertrain. The power flow and torque direction of the transmission reverse during inertial and / or regenerative braking. This also applies to the operation of the power machine in the opposite direction to the usual driving direction, for example, for an electric drive unit in reverse gear.

[0023] In an embodiment of the invention, the transmission has at least one planetary gear mechanism having at least one sun gear, at least one planet carrier, and at least one ring gear, wherein the rotatable shaft is configured as a drive shaft and an output shaft, and wherein a first component and / or a third component are operatively connected to the drive shaft and / or the output shaft and / or the non-rotatable shaft in a non-rotatable manner, and / or wherein a second component is operatively connected to the sun gear or the planet carrier or the ring gear in a non-rotatable manner.

[0024] In an embodiment as a two-speed transmission, the transmission according to the invention includes, for example, a non-rotatable shaft in the form of a housing, a drive shaft, and an output shaft, and further has a planetary gear mechanism having at least one sun gear, at least one planet carrier, and at least one ring gear, wherein a first component is operatively connected to the drive shaft in a non-rotatable manner, and wherein a second component is configured as a ring gear, and a third component is configured as a non-rotatable shaft, wherein the drive shaft is operatively connected to the sun gear in a non-rotatable manner, and the output shaft is operatively connected to the planet carrier in a non-rotatable manner.

[0025] In an embodiment as a three-speed transmission, the transmission includes, for example, a non-rotatable shaft in the form of a housing, a drive shaft, and an output shaft, and further includes a first switching device and a second switching device, and also includes a planetary gear mechanism having at least one sun gear, at least one planet carrier, and at least one ring gear, wherein, in the first switching device,

[0026] - The first component is constructed as a non-rotating shaft.

[0027] - The second component is constructed as a sun gear, and / or

[0028] - The third component is constructed as an output shaft, and / or wherein, in the second switching device,

[0029] - The first component is constructed as a non-rotating shaft.

[0030] - The second component is constructed as a gear ring, and / or

[0031] - The third component is constructed as an output shaft, and / or wherein the drive shaft is operatively connected to the planet carrier in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

[0032] In another embodiment, the transmission includes, in particular, a non-rotatable shaft in the form of a housing, a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, and an output shaft, and further includes a first switching device according to the invention and a second switching device according to the invention, and also includes a first planetary gear mechanism and a second planetary gear mechanism, each having at least one sun gear, at least one planet carrier, and at least one ring gear, wherein the ring gear of the first planetary gear mechanism and the sun gear of the second planetary gear mechanism are interactingly connected in a non-rotatable manner and form an intermediate element, and wherein, in the first switching device,

[0033] - The first component is constructed as a non-rotating shaft.

[0034] - The second component is constructed as the planet carrier of the first planetary gear mechanism, and / or

[0035] - The third component is constructed as an output shaft, and / or wherein, in the second switching device,

[0036] - The first component is constructed as a non-rotating shaft.

[0037] - The second component is constructed as the gear ring of a second planetary gear mechanism, and / or

[0038] - The third component is configured as an output shaft, and / or wherein the first drive shaft is operatively connected to the planet carrier of the second planetary gear mechanism in a non-rotatable manner, and / or the second drive shaft is operatively connected to the sun gear of the first planetary gear mechanism in a non-rotatable manner. This embodiment proposes a double-nested planetary transmission with two power input terminals, for example, for use in hybrid powertrains. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Further improvements to the invention are illustrated below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, together with the description of preferred embodiments of the invention. Wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a switching device according to the present invention is shown.

[0041] Figure 2 A tabular overview diagram of the switching states of the switching device according to the present invention is shown.

[0042] Figure 3 A first switching device according to the present invention is shown.

[0043] Figure 4 A second switching device according to the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 5 A third switching device according to the present invention is shown.

[0045] Figure 6 A two-speed transmission according to the present invention is shown.

[0046] Figure 7 A three-speed transmission according to the present invention is shown.

[0047] Figure 8 A transmission for a hybrid powertrain according to the present invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 9a Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments of an automatically oriented jaw clutch device. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a switching device 1 according to the present invention is shown. The first component 11, the second component 12, and the third component 13 are shown here exemplarily as coaxial with each other and rotatable about a common axis. The first component 11 is connected to the second component 12 in a non-rotatable manner via a friction clutch 14, and the second component 12 interacts with the third component 13 via a parallel mechanism of a form-locking clutch 15 and a one-way clutch 16. Here, the friction clutch 14 and the form-locking clutch 15 are preferably rigidly connected to each other via a connecting device 17, and an adjusting device 18 is provided for moving the connecting device 17, thereby allowing selection of the switching state of the switching device 1.

[0050] Using switching device 1, it is possible to switch out of the current state. Figure 2The table shows three switching states. The first switching state corresponds to the engagement of the friction clutch 14 when the form-locking clutch 15 is disengaged; the second switching state corresponds to the position where both the friction clutch 14 and the form-locking clutch 15 are disengaged; and the third switching state corresponds to the engagement of the form-locking clutch 15 when the friction clutch 14 is disengaged. Here, the combined action of the friction clutch 14 and the one-way clutch 16 with the form-locking clutch 15 provides a connection between the corresponding transmission components 11 and 12 or 12 and 13 in the engaged state, respectively, that prevents relative rotation in two directions of rotation. The one-way clutch 16 releases the second component 12 and the third component 13 in the first direction of rotation of the three components 11, 12, and 13, and engages the second and third components in the opposite second direction of rotation. The connecting device 17 provides a connection, particularly a rigid connection, between the movable clutch components of the friction clutch 14 and the movable clutch components of the form-locking clutch 15, thereby ensuring that the three switching states can only be switched sequentially; that is, between the first and third switching states, the switching device 1 always occupies the second switching state. According to the invention, switching between the three different switching states can therefore be performed using a single actuation mechanism. The position of the switching device 1 where both the friction clutch 14 and the form-locking clutch 15 are engaged is thus excluded.

[0051] Figure 3-5 Different alternatives to the switching device 1 according to the invention, having coaxially rotatable components and / or a non-rotatable shaft 3, are shown. The friction clutch 14 is correspondingly constructed as a diaphragm clutch, and the locking clutch 15 is constructed as a jaw clutch. A connecting device 17 provides a preferably rigid connection between the movable components of the two clutches 14 and 15, thereby allowing switching between different switching states by moving the connecting device 17 via an adjusting device 18.

[0052] exist Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the first component 11 and the second component 12 are configured as rotatable shafts or are connected to rotatable shafts in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and the third component 13 forms a non-rotatable shaft 3, such as a transmission housing.

[0053] exist Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the second component 12 and the third component 13 are configured as rotatable shafts or are connected to rotatable shafts in a manner that prevents them from rotating relative to each other, and the first component 11 forms a non-rotatable shaft 3.

[0054] exist Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first component 11, the second component 12, and the third component 13 are all configured as rotatable shafts or connected to rotatable shafts in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

[0055] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a switching device 1 in a transmission 100, which includes a rotatable shaft 3 (particularly in the form of a transmission housing), a drive shaft 4, an output shaft 5, and a planetary gear mechanism 6 having a sun gear 61, a planet carrier 62, a ring gear 63, and planetary gears 64. A first component 11 of the switching device 1 is operatively connected to the drive shaft 4 in a non-rotatable manner, a second component 12 is operatively connected to the ring gear 63 in a non-rotatable manner, and a third component 13 is configured as a non-rotatable shaft 3. The drive shaft 4 of the transmission 100 is operatively connected to the sun gear 61 in a non-rotatable manner, and the output shaft 5 is operatively connected to the planet carrier 62 in a non-rotatable manner. The illustrated transmission 100 allows for two forward gears with different gear ratios and a reverse gear when the input speed on the drive shaft 4 is reversed. In the shift state corresponding to the first gear, the friction clutch 14 disengages, and the form-locking clutch 15 engages, thereby braking the ring gear 63 on the non-rotatable shaft 3 by means of the form-locking clutch 15 or by means of a one-way clutch 16. Here, the one-way clutch device 16 is oriented such that it engages in the rotational direction corresponding to the reverse direction, and the gear ring 63 is fixed to the non-rotating shaft 3. In the opposite rotational direction of the transmission 100, corresponding to reverse gear, the gear ring 63 is fixed by the form-locking clutch device 15.

[0056] The combined action of the form-locking clutch 15 and the one-way clutch 16 can be considered exemplary here. During acceleration, the planetary carrier 62 does work against the resistance of the output shaft 5 until the ring gear 63 must rotate in the opposite direction of the drive due to the gear ratio. This is prevented by the one-way clutch 16. If, in the opposite case, the drive shaft 4 runs in the opposite direction of rotation for reversing, the planetary carrier 62 is stationary due to the resistance of the output shaft 5, thus the ring gear 63 freely rotates without any force transmission. However, due to the engaged form-locking clutch 15, the ring gear 63 is fixed to the non-rotating shaft 3, thus forcing the planetary carrier 62 to rotate against the output resistance.

[0057] Another forward gear of the transmission 100 with a smaller gear ratio is achieved through another switching state of the switching device 1, which is formed by engaging the friction clutch 14 while the form-locking clutch 15 is disengaged. The change between these switching states is achieved by an adjusting device 18 acting on the connecting device 17, which is configured to engage either the friction clutch 14 or the form-locking clutch 15 against the restoring force of the return spring 180.

[0058] Figure 7A three-speed transmission 100 is shown, comprising, in particular, a non-rotatable shaft 3 in the form of a transmission housing, a drive shaft 4, an output shaft 5, a first switching device 1 according to the invention, a second switching device 2 according to the invention, and a planetary gear mechanism 6 having a sun gear 61, a planet carrier 62, a ring gear 63, and planet gears 64. Here, in the first switching device 1, a first component 11 is constructed as the non-rotatable shaft 3, a second component as the sun gear 61, and a third component 13 as the output shaft 5. In the second switching device 2, a first component 21 is constructed as the non-rotatable shaft 3, a second component 22 as the ring gear 63, and a third component 23 as the output shaft 5. The drive shaft 4 and the planet carrier 62 are operatively connected in a non-rotatable manner. The sun gear 61 interacts with the output shaft 5 via a form-locking clutch 15 and a one-way clutch 16, and can be braked on the non-rotatable shaft 3 by a friction clutch 14. The gear ring 63 can be connected to the output shaft 5 in a non-rotatable manner via a form-locking clutch 25 or a one-way clutch 26, and can be braked on the non-rotatable shaft 3 via a friction clutch 24.

[0059] Figure 8 A transmission 100 with two drive shafts 4 and 40 is shown, through which power can be transmitted to the transmission 100 via, for example, an internal combustion engine and / or an electric motor in a hybrid drive system. The transmission 100 has a first switching device 1 and a second switching device 2, and further has a first planetary gear mechanism 7 and a second planetary gear mechanism 8, each having a sun gear 71, planet carriers 72 and 82, a ring gear 83, and planet gears 74 and 84, respectively. The ring gear of the first planetary gear mechanism 7 and the sun gear of the second planetary gear mechanism 8 are interacting and connected in a non-rotatable manner, forming an intermediate element 78. In the first switching device 1, a first component 11 is configured as a non-rotatable shaft 3, a second component 12 is configured as a planet carrier 72, and a third component 13 is configured as an output shaft 5. In the second switching device 2, a first component 21 is configured as a non-rotatable shaft 3, a second component is configured as a ring gear 83, and a third component 23 is configured as an output shaft 5. Here, the first drive shaft 4 is operatively connected to the planet carrier 82 of the second planetary gear mechanism 8 in a non-rotatable manner, and the second drive shaft 40 is operatively connected to the sun gear 71 of the first planetary gear mechanism 7 in a non-rotatable manner. The planet carrier 72 of the first planetary gear mechanism 7 can be switched by the first switching device 1 to interact with the output shaft 5, or can be braked on the non-rotatable shaft 3. The ring gear 83 of the second planetary gear mechanism 8 can be switched by the second switching device 2 to interact with the output shaft 5, or can be braked on the non-rotatable shaft 3.

[0060] Figure 9a and9b Two embodiments of a form-locking clutch device, which is an automatically oriented jaw clutch device 15a, are shown.

[0061] exist Figure 9a In the illustrated embodiment, tooth 151 is constructed at an angle on its non-force-transmitting rear side 152. In the switching device according to the invention, due to the parallel connection of the unidirectional clutch units, the force transmission via the tooth clutch device 15a occurs only in one rotational direction, i.e., in the direction in which the unidirectional clutch device is not connected to the second and third components of the switching device in a manner that prevents relative rotation. When the tooth clutch device 15a engages, the angled rear sides 152 of the two tooth halves can slide against each other, thereby ensuring low-friction and reliable engagement of the tooth clutch device 15a, and thus preventing jamming of the switching device according to the invention.

[0062] Automatically oriented jaw clutch 15a Figure 9b The alternative embodiment shown also achieves reliable engagement. For this purpose, in this case, one half of the clutch device 15a is supported by a torsion spring unit 153, which is capable of rotating the supported clutch device half, for example, a few degrees, against the restoring force of the spring 154. This ensures the automatic orientation engagement process of the jaw clutch device 15a.

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. The transmission structure can also have any number of switching devices according to the invention. Instead, a number of variations are conceivable, which utilize the illustrated solution even in embodiments that are of different types in principle. All features and / or advantages arising from the claims, description, or drawings, including structural details and spatial arrangements, may be important to the invention individually and in different combinations.

[0064] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0065] 100 transmission

[0066] 1, 2 Switching devices

[0067] 11, 21 First Component

[0068] 12, 22 Second Component

[0069] 13, 23 Third Component

[0070] 14, 24 Friction Clutch Device

[0071] 15 and 25 type locking clutch devices

[0072] 15a Tooth Clutch

[0073] 151 teeth

[0074] 152 rear side

[0075] 153 Torsion Spring Unit

[0076] 154 spring

[0077] 16, 26 One-way clutch device

[0078] 17, 27 connecting devices

[0079] 18, 28 Adjustment Device

[0080] 180° return spring

[0081] 3. Axles that cannot rotate

[0082] 4. 40 drive shaft

[0083] 5 output shafts

[0084] Planetary gear mechanisms 6, 7, and 8

[0085] 61, 71 sun gears

[0086] Planetary support structures 62, 72, and 82

[0087] 63 and 83 gear rings

[0088] 64, 74, 84 planetary gears

[0089] 78 intermediate components.

Claims

1. A switching device (1, 2) for a transmission (100), wherein, The switching devices (1, 2) have at least the following features: -First component (11, 21), -Second component (12, 22), -Third component (13, 23), The components (11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23) interact with each other in the following manner depending on the switching state: - The friction clutch mechanism (14, 24) is arranged between the first component (11, 21) and the second component (12, 22). A locking clutch mechanism (15, 25) is arranged between the second component (12, 22) and the third component (13, 23). - The one-way clutch mechanism (16, 26) is arranged in the second part (12, 22) and the third part (13, 26). Between 23), A connecting device (17, 27) is provided, which connects the clutch components of the friction clutch device (14, 24) to the clutch components of the form-locking clutch device (15, 25). At least one of the components (11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23) is non-rotatable.

2. The switching device (1, 2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching devices (1, 2) include the following switching states: - The friction clutch (14, 24) disengages, and a locking clutch (15, 25) is formed. Joining, or - The friction clutch (14, 24) disengages, and a locking clutch (15, 25) is formed. Separation, or - Friction clutches (14, 24) engage, and locking clutches (15, 25) are formed. Separation.

3. The switching device (1, 2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, At least two of the components (11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23) are coaxially rotatable relative to each other.

4. The switching device (1, 2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The switching devices (1, 2) have adjusting devices (18, 28), wherein the adjusting devices (18, 28) are configured to shift the connecting devices (17, 27), thereby enabling the switching state of the friction clutch (14, 24) and / or the locking clutch (15, 25) to be adjusted by the adjusting devices (18, 28).

5. The switching device (1, 2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The regulating device (18, 28) is constructed as a hydraulic regulating device, or a pneumatic regulating device, or a mechanical regulating device, or an electromechanical actuator, or an electromagnetic actuator.

6. The switching device (1, 2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The adjusting device (18, 28) has a return spring (180), wherein the return spring (180) is configured to displace the connecting device (17, 27).

7. The switching device (1, 2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The friction clutch (14, 24) is constructed as a diaphragm clutch, and / or the locking clutch (15, 25) is constructed as a jaw clutch (15a).

8. The switching device (1, 2) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The jaw clutch (15a) is configured to be automatically oriented by means of the jaws (151) being inclined on the non-force-transmitting rear side (152), or the jaw clutch (15a) having a torsion spring unit (153).

9. A transmission (100) comprising at least two coaxial shafts rotatable relative to each other and at least one non-rotatable shaft, characterized in that, The transmission (100) has at least one switching device (1, 2) according to any one of the preceding claims.

10. The transmission (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first component (11) is connected in a non-rotatable manner to one of the rotatable shafts or to a non-rotatable shaft, and / or the second component (12) is connected in a non-rotatable manner to one of the rotatable shafts, and / or the third component (13) is connected in a non-rotatable manner to one of the rotatable shafts or to a non-rotatable shaft.

11. The transmission (100) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The transmission (100) has at least one planetary gear mechanism (6) having at least one sun gear (61), at least one planet carrier (62) and at least one ring gear (63), wherein the rotatable shafts are configured as a drive shaft (4) and an output shaft (5), a first component (11) and / or a third component (13) are operatively connected to the drive shaft (4) and / or the output shaft (5) and / or the non-rotatable shaft (3) in a non-rotatable manner, and / or wherein a second component (12) is operatively connected to the sun gear (61) or to the planet carrier (62) or to the ring gear (63) in a non-rotatable manner.

12. The transmission (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmission (100) includes a non-rotatable shaft (3), a drive shaft (4), and an output shaft (5), and also has a planetary gear mechanism (6) having at least one sun gear (61), at least one planet carrier (62), and at least one ring gear (63), wherein a first component (11) is operatively connected to the drive shaft (4) in a non-rotatable manner, wherein a second component (12) is configured as a ring gear (63), and a third component (13) is configured as a non-rotatable shaft (3), wherein the drive shaft (4) is operatively connected to the sun gear (61) in a non-rotatable manner, and the output shaft (5) is operatively connected to the planet carrier (62) in a non-rotatable manner.

13. The transmission (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmission (100) includes a non-rotatable shaft (3), a drive shaft (4), and an output shaft (5), and also has a first switching device (1) and a second switching device (2), and further includes a planetary gear mechanism (6) having at least one sun gear (61), at least one planet carrier (62), and at least one ring gear (63), wherein, in the first switching device (1), - The first component (11) is constructed as a non-rotatable shaft (3). - The second component (12) is constructed as a sun gear (61), and / or - The third component (13) is configured as an output shaft (5), and / or wherein, in the second switching device (2), - The first component (21) is constructed as a non-rotating shaft (3). - The second component (22) is constructed as a gear ring (63), and / or - The third component (23) is configured as an output shaft (5), and / or wherein the drive shaft (4) is operatively connected to the planet carrier (62) in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

14. The transmission (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmission (100) includes a non-rotatable shaft (3), a first drive shaft (4), a second drive shaft (40), and an output shaft (5), and also has a first switching device (1) and a second switching device (2), and further includes a first planetary gear mechanism (7) and a second planetary gear mechanism (8), the first planetary gear mechanism and the second planetary gear mechanism respectively having at least one sun gear (71), at least one planet carrier (72, 82) and at least one ring gear (83), wherein the ring gear of the first planetary gear mechanism (7) and the sun gear of the second planetary gear mechanism (8) interact and are connected in a non-rotatable manner to form an intermediate element (78), wherein, in the first switching device (1), - The first component (11) is constructed as a non-rotatable shaft (3). - The second component (12) is configured as the planet carrier (72) of the first planetary gear mechanism (7), and / or - The third component (13) is configured as an output shaft (5), and / or wherein, in the second switching device (2), - The first component (21) is constructed as a non-rotating shaft (3). - The second component (22) is configured as the gear ring (83) of the second planetary gear mechanism (8), and / or - The third component (23) is configured as an output shaft (5), and / or wherein the first drive shaft (4) is located. The second drive shaft (40) is connected to the planet carrier (82) of the second planetary gear mechanism (8) in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and / or the second drive shaft (40) is connected to the sun gear (71) of the first planetary gear mechanism (7) in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

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