Surge arrester with a protected spark gap

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lightning arrester for electrical equipment or power line components. The lightning arrester includes a discharge device (arc extinguishing device), a high-voltage electrode, a low-voltage electrode, an external process spark gap for connecting the lightning arrester to a high-voltage power grid, and a protective gap. A process spark gap is formed between the high-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester and the high-voltage power grid electrode. The protective gap is formed between the low-voltage electrode connected to the low-voltage part of the arc extinguishing device and the high-voltage electrode. The protective gap is formed in such a way that when the arc extinguishing device is connected to the high-voltage power grid, its discharge channel develops between the electrode point, which is the starting point of the discharge development, and the low-voltage electrode. Since when the process gap of the trigger electrode gap is triggered, a molten metal point is formed at the electrode end, and a conductive plasma cloud is formed in the nearby space, favorable conditions are created for breaking down the electrode. It breaks down at a relatively low voltage, significantly lower than the discharge voltage between the cold electrodes of the protective gap of known designs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lightning arrester connected to an electrical grid through a spark discharge gap (hereinafter referred to as "gap") and is used to protect the lightning arrester from unacceptable overvoltages and currents during lightning strikes or internal overvoltages in the electrical grid. The present invention also relates to a high-voltage transmission line having a lightning arrester provided with a protective gap. Background Art

[0002] Patent US5663863 (for example, in the Figure 11 United States Patent) teaches a lightning arrester including a discharge device in the form of a non-linear surge arrester (MOX) which, when an overvoltage occurs on the wire, is connected to the wire through a process spark gap g between the high-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester and the electrode at high voltage 1 (broken down by discharge) (see the Figure 1 accompanying this specification). The lightning arrester is protected from surges by a separate protective gap g between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester, and this protective gap g 2 is not connected to the process gap g 2 . When exposed to an overvoltage wave, a large current flows through the lightning arrester, and due to the highly non-linear nature of the lightning arrester, the voltage across the gap g 1 increases slightly. Only at very high currents, when the lightning arrester loses its non-linear characteristics, does the voltage increase significantly and the gap g 2 can be destroyed (see the 2 accompanying this specification). Figure 2 ) Using this protection method, the possibility of damage to the surge arrester due to current overload is very high. Therefore, the design described in US5663863 does not have the function of protecting the lightning arrester. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide protection against dangerous currents for a lightning arrester connected through a gap.

[0004] The object of the present invention is solved by a lightning arrester mainly designed to protect electrical equipment or power lines from overvoltages (such as impulse one, including lightning). The lightning arrester includes a discharge device, a high-voltage electrode connected to the discharge device, and a low-voltage electrode connected to the discharge device, and the high-voltage electrode is arranged to form a process spark gap between the electrode at high voltage and the end and / or the closest part to each other of the high-voltage electrode.

[0005] A remarkable feature of the lightning arrester according to the present invention is that it includes a protection electrode which is directly or through a connecting spark gap connected to the low-voltage electrode, and the protection electrode is arranged to be able to form a protection spark gap between the electrode at high voltage and the end and / or the closest part to each other of the protection electrode, wherein the electrical strength of the process spark gap is less than the electrical strength of the protection spark gap.

[0006] Since the protection spark gap is exactly located between the protection electrode and the end of the high-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester, it receives the spark discharge connecting the lightning arrester to the electrode at high voltage, or exactly between the protection electrode and the end of the electrode at high voltage (which is the starting point for the development of the discharge towards the high-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester), and provides the possibility of spark breakdown of the protection spark gap at a voltage at which the discharge device is not broken down.

[0007] The fact that the size of the process spark gap is smaller than the size of the protection spark gap or the breakdown strength of the process spark gap is less than the breakdown strength of the protection spark gap (for example, due to the larger radius of curvature of the end and / or the closest part to each other of the electrode forming the protection spark gap compared to the similar elements forming the process spark gap) can ensure the satisfaction of the condition that "the electrical strength of the process spark gap must be less than the electrical strength of the protection spark gap".

[0008] The protection gap is preferably formed in such a way that the discharge channel of the protection gap is formed between the electrode part which is the starting point for the development of the discharge when the discharge device is connected to the electrode at high voltage and the protection electrode. The discharge devices connected to the power grid through the gap can be of different types, such as: lightning arresters, multi-chamber lightning arresters, tubular lightning arresters, valve lightning arresters, etc.

[0009] The object of the present invention is also solved by a lightning arrester ring which is made in the form of a chain of lightning arresters connected in series through spark gaps according to any one of the above embodiments.

[0010] The object of the present invention is also solved by a transmission line including a tower, a single insulator and / or insulators assembled into columns or strings, and at least one high-voltage wire directly or through fasteners connected to the single insulator and / or the first column of insulators or insulator ring, wherein each single insulator or each column or ring of insulators is fixed to a tower by an element of the fitting adjacent to the designated tower. According to the present invention, the transmission line includes at least one lightning arrester according to any of the above options and / or at least one lightning arrester ring according to any of the above embodiments. The electrode at high voltage must be connected to the high-voltage wire at high voltage.

[0011] Through the present invention, the technical effect of protecting the discharge device from extreme overvoltage impacts is achieved, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the lightning arrester and maintaining the performance of the lightning arrester after exposure to extreme overvoltage. All the technical results pointed out in this specification, including additional ones, are achieved simultaneously according to the present invention and are inseparable from each other. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Shows a schematic diagram of a known spark gap in US5663863 with a protective gap;

[0013] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 the lightning arrester g 2 operation of the protective gap;

[0014] Figure 3 Shows a schematic diagram of a lightning arrester with a protective gap according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 Shows according to Figure 3 the initial stage of the operation of the protective gap of the lightning arrester;

[0016] Figure 5 Shows according to Figure 4 the final stage of the operation of the protective gap of the lightning arrester;

[0017] Figure 6 Shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a lightning arrester with a protective gap according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 Shows according to Figure 6 the initial stage of the operation of the protective gap of the lightning arrester;

[0019] Figure 8 Shows according to Figure 6 the final stage of the operation of the protective gap of the lightning arrester;

[0020] Figure 9 Shows according to Figure 3 the lightning arrester ring;

[0021] Figure 10 Shows according to Figure 9 the operation of the protective gap of the lightning arrester string;

[0022] Figure 11 Shows an embodiment of a lightning arrester string according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 12 Shows Figure 11 the initial operation of the protective gap of the lightning arrester string;

[0024] Figure 13 shows Figure 11 the final operation of the protective gap of the arrester string.

[0025] The figure shows the following components: 1 - arrester, 2 - conductor, 3 - high-voltage electrode of the main process spark gap, 4 - high-voltage electrode of the arrester, 5 - low-voltage electrode of the arrester, 6 - high-voltage electrode of the protective spark gap of the arrester, 7 - protective electrode, 8 - spark channel of the process spark gap, 9 - spark channel of the protective spark gap, 10 - combined channel of the protective gap;

[0026] 11 - arrester of section I, 31 - high-voltage electrode of the main process spark gap of section I, 41 - high-voltage electrode of the arrester of section I, 51 - low-voltage electrode of the arrester of section I, 71 - protective electrode of section I, 81 - spark channel of the process spark gap of section I, 91 - high-voltage spark channel of the protective spark gap of section I;

[0027] 12 - arrester of section II, 32 - high-voltage electrode of the main process spark gap of section II, 42 - high-voltage electrode of the arrester of section II, 52 - low-voltage electrode of the arrester of section II, 72 - protective electrode of section II, 82 - spark channel of the process spark gap of section II, 92 - high-voltage spark channel of the protective spark gap of section II;

[0028] 13 - arrester of section III, 33 - high-voltage electrode of the main process spark gap of section III, 43 - high-voltage electrode of the arrester of section III, 53 - low-voltage electrode of the arrester of section III, 73 - protective electrode of section III, 83 - spark channel of the process spark gap of section III, 93 - high-voltage spark channel of the protective spark gap of section III;

[0029] U is an overvoltage pulse, I is the first-stage arrester ring, II is the second-stage arrester ring, and III is the third-stage arrester ring. Detailed implementation mode

[0030] In the following, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Such a description is given to explain the purpose of the present invention by specific examples and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention defined by the claims. At the same time, the features in the specification are listed in the claims to more accurately determine the protection scope. The present invention can be applied to various discharge devices connected to the power grid through gaps, including but not limited to surge arresters, multi-chamber arresters, tubular arresters, valve arresters, etc.

[0031] The description of the present invention is given for the case where the discharge device is at a low voltage and is connected to a high voltage through a technological spark gap. However, such a connection does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention and is given only for the purpose of simplifying the description. Generally, the connection method of the lightning arrester according to the present invention is not clearly specified and can vary. Depending on the connection variation, the discharge device can be at a high voltage and connected to a low voltage through a technological spark gap, and this connection option is equivalent to the present invention and any other option for implementing the operating principle presented in the specification.

[0032] Specific embodiments are shown in the drawings and the description when technological and protective spark gaps are formed between the ends of the respective electrodes. In these cases, the discharge point of the electrode, which is the origin of the discharge arc, is located at the end of the electrode. However, in other embodiments included within the scope of protection of the present invention, these spark gaps can be between the closest parts of the respective electrodes to each other. In this case, the closest parts of the electrodes to each other in the general case may not be the ends of the electrodes (although they may be (for example, as shown in the drawings)).

[0033] In particular, the electrodes can have bends (or, in one embodiment, a bend of one electrode can be closer to the end of the other electrode) that are located closer to each other than the ends of the electrodes. In this case, the discharge point of the electrode, which is the origin of the discharge arc, is located at the bend and can migrate as the discharge develops towards the ends of the electrodes. That is, the discharge arc will initially be generated at the bends of the electrodes, which are the areas closest to each other, and then move to the ends of the electrodes due to the smaller surface curvature radius of the electrodes. All these embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention, and the following description also applies to these embodiments, although the present invention is illustrated by an example where the areas closest to each other of the electrodes are the ends of the electrodes.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a known lightning arrester (MOX) with a protective gap corresponding to Patent 3 of US566386 is shown. When an overvoltage appears on wire 2, the discharge device 1 (also referred to as an arc extinguishing device, AED) is connected to wire 2 through a discharge channel 8 via a technological gap g formed between the ends of electrodes 3 and 4. Figure 11 The AED 1 prevents overvoltage through a protective gap g formed between the ends of electrodes 6 and 7. In addition, electrode 6 is connected to electrode 4 located on the high - voltage side of the AED, and electrode 7 is connected to the low - voltage electrode of the grounded lightning arrester 5. When the trigger gap g 1 is triggered and an overvoltage wave is applied, a large current flows through the AED 1 (the lightning arrester is in the form of a surge arrester), and due to the sharp drop in resistance during the operation of the surge arrester, the voltage across the gap g 2 slightly increases. 1 When the trigger gap g 2 is triggered and an overvoltage wave is applied, a large current flows through the AED 1 (the lightning arrester is in the form of a surge arrester), and due to the sharp drop in resistance during the operation of the surge arrester, the voltage across the gap g

[0035] Figure 2 shows Figure 1 the protective gap g of the lightning arrester 2 operation. From Figure 2 it can be seen that the gap g 2 is not connected to the process gap g 1 in any way. The protective gap is arranged between the separate high-voltage electrode of the protective gap 6 that is current-grounded to the high-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester 4 and the electrode 7 that is connected to the low-voltage electrode of the lightning arrester 5. Therefore, the discharge voltage of the gap g 2 is higher, the voltage on it increases significantly, and the gap g 2 can only operate at very high current values, and however the surge arrester loses its non-linear characteristics. Using this protection method, the probability of the lightning arrester being damaged due to current overload is very high, because before the protective gap g 2 operates, the lightning arrester has already been damaged due to excessive current load. Therefore, the designs shown in Figure 1 and 2 cannot protect the lightning arrester 1.

[0036] According to Figure 1 another disadvantage of the lightning arrester design is that the arc formed in the process gap g 1 has a large short-circuit current and a long duration determined by the switching operation time. This leads to significant corrosion of the lightning arrester electrode 4.

[0037] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a lightning arrester with a protective gap according to the present invention. There is no electrode 6 in this lightning arrester, and the protective gap g 1 is arranged between the high-voltage electrode 4 of the lightning arrester that participates in forming the discharge channel 8 of the process gap g 2 and the protective electrode 7 that is directly (direct current-grounded) connected to the low-voltage electrode 5 of the lightning arrester.

[0038] The protective spark gap g 2 is directly formed between the end of the high-voltage electrode 4 of the lightning arrester and the protective electrode 7, which receives the spark discharge 8. The spark discharge 8 connects the lightning arrester to the electrode 3 at a high voltage ( Figures 3 to 5 ), or the spark discharge 8 is directly connected between the protective electrode 7 and the end of the electrode 3 at a high voltage that is the starting point of the discharge development of the high-voltage electrode 4 of the lightning arrester ( Figures 6 to 8 ). The possibility of spark breakdown 9 of the protective spark gap g 2 is provided at a voltage where the discharge device has not yet failed, that is, before reaching the extreme overvoltage that destroys the discharge device.

[0039] In order to first in the process spark gap g 1Discharge 8 is generated therein, and then discharge 9 is generated in the protective spark gap g 2 and discharge 9 is generated in the technological spark gap g 1 The electrical strength of which must be less than that of the protective spark gap g 2 This can be achieved by making the size of the technological spark gap g 1 smaller than that of the protective spark gap g 2 so that the breakdown voltage of gap g 1 will be less than that of gap g 2 In another embodiment, this can be ensured by making the breakdown strength of the technological spark gap g 1 less than that of the protective spark gap g 2 For example, since gap g 1 is arranged between rod-shaped electrodes, while gap g 2 is located between a rod-shaped electrode and a metal sphere (or hemisphere) with a larger radius, which provides a more uniform electric field.

[0040] The protective gap g 2 is mainly formed as follows: Its discharge channel 9 is formed between a certain part of electrodes 3 and 4, which serves as the starting point of discharge development when the discharge device 1 is connected to the electrode 3 at high voltage (and further to the high-voltage power grid 2), and the protective electrode 7. When the technological gap between the trigger electrodes is triggered, molten metal points are formed at the electrode ends, and a plasma conductive cloud is formed in the nearby space, creating favorable conditions for breaking down the electrical protection gap. It breaks down at a relatively low voltage, significantly lower than the discharge voltage of the known-designed protective gap between cold electrodes.

[0041] The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention in combination with an electrode at high voltage. It is represented by position 3 or 31, depending on the figure. This electrode can be part of a lightning arrester or an external electrode, and the lightning arrester is installed in relation to it such that a technological spark gap may be formed between the electrode at high voltage and the ends and / or the closest parts to each other of the high-voltage electrodes.

[0042] Since the protective electrode, which is directly or connected to the low-voltage electrode through a spark gap, is installed such that a protective spark gap may be formed between the ends and / or the closest parts to each other of the protective electrode and the high-voltage electrode or the electrode at high voltage, for the implementation of the present invention, all three electrodes: the high-voltage electrode, the protective electrode, and the electrode at high voltage, or more precisely their ends and / or the closest parts, should preferably be within the line of sight of each other, or in other words, within the range of being directly close to each other in the form of a discharge gap.

[0043] With this electrode arrangement, the discharge gaps (process gap and protection gap) are also within sight of each other. All of this is ensured by the fact that during the protection operation provided by the protection electrode, the discharges in the protection gap and the process gap have a common point (discharge point) on one of the electrodes: the high-voltage electrode (e.g., in Figures 3 to 5 ), or the electrode at a high voltage (e.g., in Figures 6 to 8 ).

[0044] To implement the present invention, the electrical strength of the process spark gap is less than the electrical strength of the protection spark gap. Variants for ensuring this condition are given in this specification. Since three electrodes (3, 4, and 7) (preferably within sight of each other) are involved in the formation of the process gap and the protection gap (g 1 and g 2 respectively), there will be one or more spark gaps (between electrodes 3 and 7 in Figure 3 ) in this design, and the discharges in them should not occur before the discharge in the process gap g 1 starts or before the discharge in the protection gap g 2 starts. For this purpose, the dielectric strength of this third spark gap must be greater than the dielectric strength of the process spark gap and the dielectric strength of the protection spark gap.

[0045] This can be achieved by various methods presented in this specification. For example, this can be ensured by the distance between the protection electrode and the high-voltage electrode (i.e., the larger size of the third spark gap) being greater than the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the electrode at a high voltage (i.e., the size of the process spark gap) and the distance between the protection electrode and the high-voltage electrode (i.e., the size of the protection spark gap).

[0046] Figure 4 shows the initial stage of the operation of the protection gap of the lightning arrester according to Figure 3 . When the process gap g 1 between the trigger electrodes 3 and 4 is triggered, a molten metal point is formed at the end of electrode 4, and a conductive plasma cloud is formed in the nearby space, creating favorable conditions for the breakdown of the protection gap g 2 . Due to the presence of the plasma cloud formed near the protection gap g 2 because of the breakdown of the discharge gap g 1 , the protection gap g 2 breaks down at a given relatively low voltage, which provides protection for the discharge device 1 in Figures 1 to 13 before its damage and / or before it exceeds the operating voltage range under extreme overvoltage.

[0047] It should be noted that the design of the protection gap g 2 known in the US5663863 patent (seeFigure 1 and Figure 2 ) in, Figure 1 and Figure 2 in the cold electrodes far from the gap g 1 the gap g between the cold electrodes 2 the discharge voltage is significantly higher than Figures 3 to 13 the gap g of the present invention design with different embodiments shown 2 the discharge voltage.

[0048] Figure 5 shows the final stage of the operation of the protective gap of the spark gap according to Figure 3 . The process gap g 1 the channel 8 and the protective gap g 2 merge into one channel 10 between the electrodes 3 and 7. In this case, the electrode 4 of the arrester does not participate in the flow of the short-circuit current, and different from the arrester with the known design according to Figure 1 , its corrosion can be neglected.

[0049] Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the arrester according to the present invention. In this scheme, there is also no electrode 6, and a protective gap g is arranged between the electrode 3 (grid electrode) and the low-voltage electrode 7 at the high voltage that participates in the formation of the discharge channel 8 of the process gap g 1 . 2

[0050] Figure 7 shows the operation of the protective gap of the arrester according to Figure 6 . When the process gap g between the electrodes 3 and 4 1 operates, a molten metal point is formed at the end of the electrode 3, and a conductive plasma cloud is formed in the nearby space, creating favorable conditions for the breakdown of the protective gap g 2 . The protective gap g 2 breaks down at a given relatively low voltage, which also provides protection for the arrester 1 before it is damaged and / or exceeds the operating voltage range.

[0051] Figure 8 shows the final stage of the operation of the protective gap of the arrester according to Figure 6 . When the protective gap g 2 is triggered, the main current flows through the discharge channel 9 between the electrodes 3 and 7 and further to the ground. The current through the channel 8 can be neglected, so the channel 8 is quenched. The electrode 4 of the arrester does not participate in the flow of the short-circuit current, and different from the arrester with the known design according to Figure 1 , its corrosion can be neglected.

[0052] Figure 9A lightning arrester string according to the invention is shown. The discharge devices 11, 12, 13 included in the ring are connected to the electric line 2 and through the process spark gap g 1 The discharge channels 81, 82, 83 of the continuous sections I, II, III are connected to each other. The discharge devices 11, 12, 13 of the continuous sections I, II, III are fixed on the insulating structure ( Figure 9 and Figure 10 The arrester ring passes through the first process gap g 1 The discharge channel 81 is connected to the wire, the first process gap g 1 The second arrester is connected to the high voltage electrode 31 of the first arrester through the gap g formed between the high voltage electrode 32 of the gap directly (directly, galvanically) connected to the high voltage electrode 32 of the second arrester and the high voltage electrode 42 of the second spark gap. 1 Similarly, connect the third and subsequent arresters. The low-voltage electrode of the last arrester (at Figure 7 In the embodiment of the three arrester rings shown, this is the electrode 53) that is grounded.

[0053] Each spark gap has its own guard gap g between the corresponding high voltage electrode 41, 42, 43 and a guard electrode 71, 72, 73 directly (directly galvanically) connected to the corresponding low voltage electrode 51, 52, 53. 2 .

[0054] Figure 10 Shown according to Figure 9 The operation of the protective gap of the arrester rosette at an unacceptably high current for the arrester, but still before reaching an extreme overvoltage that destroys the discharge device. In this case, the current flows from the wire 2 through the electrode 31, the channel 81, the channel 91, the electrode 71, the electrode 51 to the electrode 32, the channel 82, the channel 92, the electrode 72, the electrode 52 to the electrode 33, the channel 83, the channel 93, the electrode 73 and the electrode 53, bypassing the discharge devices 11, 12 and 13. Thus, the discharge devices 11, 12 and 13 are protected from the effects of inadmissible currents and extreme overvoltages.

[0055] Figure 11 An embodiment of a lightning arrester ring according to the invention is shown. Each lightning arrester in the ring (except the last one to be grounded) has two protection gaps g 2 One is formed between the corresponding high voltage electrodes 41, 42, 43 and the upper ends of the electrodes 71, 72, 73, and the second is formed between the lower ends of the corresponding protective electrodes 71, 72, 73 and the low voltage electrodes 51, 52, 53 of the arresters 11, 12, 13 and is actually the connecting spark gap of the protective electrodes. The arresters 11, 12, 13 are fixed on the insulating structure ( Figure 9 ,10 (not shown in FIGS. 10 and 11).

[0056] Figure 12 shows Figure 11 the protective gap g of the arrester ring of 2 the initial operation. In this case, an unacceptably high value of current bypasses arresters 11, 12, and 13 and flows from wire 2 through electrode 31, channel 81, the channel of the upper protective gap 91, electrode 71, the channel of the lower protective gap 101, the channel of the process gap 82, the channel of the upper protective gap of the second arrester 92, electrode 72, the channel of the lower protective gap 102, the channel of the process gap 83, the channel of the upper protective gap of the second spark gap 93, electrode 73, and electrode 53.

[0057] Figure 13 shows Figure 12 the final operation of the protective gap of the arrester ring of Figure 12 After the protective gap operation as shown, the arc channels merge. Channel 81 merges with channel 91 into a single channel 111. Channel 101, channel 82, and channel 92 merge into a single channel 112. Channel 102, channel 83, and channel 93 merge into a single channel 113. In addition, these single arc channels 111, 112, 113 detach from the electrodes 41, 42, 43, 51, and 52 of the arrester ring. In this case, an unacceptably high value of current flows from wire 2 through electrode 31, channel 111, electrode 71, channel 112, electrode 72, channel 113, electrode 73, and electrode 53 outside arresters 11, 12, and 13. In this case, arresters 11, 12, and 13 are protected from unacceptable current, and the electrodes 41, 42, 43, 51, and 52 of arresters 11, 12, and 13 are not actually corroded.

[0058] Figures 3 - 13 The arresters and arrester rings shown and described in this section can be used in transmission lines containing towers, single insulators, and / or insulators assembled in columns or rings, and at least one high-voltage wire directly or through fastening devices connected to the fittings of the single insulator and / or the first column of insulators or insulator ring. Each single insulator or each column or ring of insulators is fixed to one of the towers by an element of the fitting adjacent to the designated tower. According to the present invention, the power line can include at least one arrester according to any of the above embodiments and / or at least one arrester ring according to any of the above embodiments. Electrodes at high voltage must be connected to wires at high voltage.

[0059] The embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the specification are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims. The described embodiments can be combined and combined in any combination that ensures the implementation of the operating principle and the achievement of the technical results, including additional ones. As a result of the combination of individual embodiments, additional technical results can be achieved.

Claims

1. A lightning arrester, comprising a discharge device, a high-voltage electrode connected to the discharge device, and a low-voltage electrode connected to the discharge device, the high-voltage electrode being arranged to form a technological spark gap between the electrode at high voltage and the end and / or the closest parts of the high-voltage electrode to each other, characterized in that, the lightning arrester comprises a protection electrode, the protection electrode being directly or via a connecting spark gap connected to the low-voltage electrode, and the protection electrode being arranged to form a protection spark gap between the electrode at high voltage and the end and / or the closest parts of the protection electrode to each other, wherein the electrical strength of the technological spark gap is less than the electrical strength of the protection spark gap.

2. The lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein, the size of the technological spark gap is less than the size of the protection spark gap.

3. The lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein, the breakdown voltage of the technological spark gap is less than the breakdown voltage of the protection spark gap.

4. The lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein, the protection spark gap is formed in such a way that the discharge channel of the protection spark gap is formed between the electrode part which is the starting point of the discharge development when the discharge device is connected to the electrode at high voltage and the protection electrode.

5. The lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein, the discharge device is a surge arrester, a multi-chamber arrester, a tubular arrester or a valve arrester.

6. A lightning arrester ring, characterized in that, the lightning arrester ring is made in the form of a chain of lightning arresters according to any one of claims 1-5 connected in series by spark air gaps.

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