Progressive ophthalmic lenses with variable refractive index and methods for their design and manufacture

Abstract

A progressive ophthalmic lens with a variable refractive index and a method for designing and manufacturing the same. The invention relates to a progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the progressive ophthalmic lens has a front and a back surface and a spatially varying refractive index, wherein the front surface and / or the back surface is formed as a free-form surface. The invention is characterized in that the refractive index varies only in the first and second spatial dimensions and is constant in the third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index in the first and second spatial dimensions has neither point symmetry nor axisymmetry, or the refractive index varies in the first, second and third spatial dimensions, wherein in all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension, the distribution of the refractive index in the first and second spatial dimensions has neither point symmetry nor axisymmetry, or the refractive index varies in the first, second and third spatial dimensions, wherein the distribution of the refractive index has no point symmetry and no axisymmetry at all.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of a patent application with an application date of July 20, 2018, application number 201880091457.4, international application number PCT / EP2018 / 069806, and invention name “Progressive eyeglass lenses with variable refractive index and methods for their design and manufacture”. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to a progressive ophthalmic lens or a representation of such a progressive ophthalmic lens on a data carrier; a computer-implemented method for designing a progressive ophthalmic lens; and a method for manufacturing a progressive ophthalmic lens; and a computer-readable medium. Background Art

[0003] Progressive spectacle lenses have been known and widely used in spectacle optics for decades. Multifocal spectacle lenses (bifocal and trifocal spectacle lenses) provide patients with presbyopia (presbyopen) with an additional optical effect in the lower part of the spectacle lens for viewing near objects (e.g. when reading). This is necessary because the lens loses more and more its ability to focus on near objects with age. In contrast to multifocal lenses, progressive spectacle lenses offer the advantage that they provide a stepless increase in the optical effect from the distance vision component to the near vision component, so that clear vision is guaranteed not only at far and near, but also at all intermediate distances.

[0004] According to section 14.1.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, a distance vision component is a component of a multifocal lens or a progressive spectacle lens that has a refractive effect on vision for distant viewing. Correspondingly, according to section 14.1.3 of this standard, a near vision component is a component of a multifocal lens or a progressive spectacle lens that has a refractive effect on vision for near viewing.

[0005] Progressive ophthalmic lenses have previously been usually manufactured from a material with a uniform, constant refractive index. This means that the refractive effect of the ophthalmic lens is determined solely by the corresponding shaping of the two surfaces of the ophthalmic lens that are adjacent to the air (the front surface or the object side surface, and the back surface or the eye side surface, corresponding to the definitions provided in Sections 5.8 and 5.9 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10). According to Section 9.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, the refractive effect is to be understood as the collective term for the focusing effect and the prismatic effect of the ophthalmic lens.

[0006] In order to produce a stepless increase in the focusing effect in a progressive ophthalmic lens made of a material with a uniform constant refractive index, a corresponding continuous change in the curvature of the surface must be present on at least one of the two ophthalmic lens surfaces, as reflected in section 8.3.5 of the standard DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, which defines the term "progressive ophthalmic lens" as "an ophthalmic lens having at least one progressive surface and an increasing (advantageous) effect when the spectacle wearer looks downward". According to section 7.7, a progressive surface is a non-rotationally symmetrical surface having a continuous change in curvature over the entire progressive surface or over a part of it, which surface is used overall to provide a gradually increasing near addition or regression effect.

[0007] For a given prescription, the prior art allows the optimization of a progressive lens, which produces a specific design taking into account the conditions of use, the thickness preset values, etc. and the use of materials with a constant refractive index. The distribution of the residual spherical power and residual astigmatism over the entire lens for the spectacle wearer is referred to as the design.

[0008] For such a progressive spectacle lens, a main line of sight can be determined, which represents the totality of all perspective points that pass through one of the two curved surfaces (e.g. the front or back surface, in particular the progressive surface) from far to near directly in front of the spectacle wearer when the line of sight of the eye moves to the object point, and for which a small residual astigmatism can be achieved, in particular in the middle section. The middle section is the entire transition area between the distance component (area for viewing at a distance; see 14.1.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10: Components of multifocal or progressive spectacle lenses with a refractive effect for viewing at a distance) and the near component (area for viewing at a distance; see 14.1.3 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10: Components of multifocal or progressive spectacle lenses with a refractive effect for viewing at a distance). In 14.1.2 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, the intermediate portion is defined as the part of the trifocal lens having a refractive effect for viewing distances between far and near.

[0009] However, due to Minkwitz's law, in addition to the main line of sight, the astigmatism residual also increases in the horizontal direction (due to the increase in the vertical effect).

[0010] WO 89 / 04986 A1 starts with a progressive ophthalmic lens of the type mentioned above (the term "progressive ophthalmic lens" is used in this document). It is known from this document, on pages 1, 2 and 3, that the "manufacturing process and in particular the polishing" of the progressive surface of the progressive ophthalmic lens is "difficult" due to its "curvature configuration which deviates greatly from a spherical shape", and that the manufactured curvature deviates greatly from the calculated target shape. "In addition, it is not possible to keep imaging errors and in particular astigmatism and distortion low over the entire lens, at least with a progressive curvature."

[0011] WO 89 / 04986 A1 goes on to state on page 2 that, although ophthalmic lenses with varying refractive index are known, the realization of progressive ophthalmic lenses by using complex curved surface configurations resulting from varying refractive indices has previously failed, since an equally complex refractive index function is expected.

[0012] WO 89 / 04986 A1 emphasizes that "simple production is achieved with comparable imaging properties when ... the refractive index of the lens material which varies in the middle part at least in the longitudinal direction of the main line of sight contributes at least partially to the increase in the refractive value". However, this is achieved with the following aims: "the difference in the radius of curvature between the distance vision component and the near vision component is resolved in order, on the one hand, to shorten the machining of the blank with a spherical limiting surface for the production of the progressive surface" and "on the other hand ... substantially corresponds to and simplifies the polishing process of the spherical lens in the case of progressive ophthalmic lenses according to the prior art and improves the result of the polishing process". That is, at the time of the filing date of WO 89 / 04986 A1, it was common to use large-area polishing tools whose polishing surface had approximately the size of the progressive surface to be polished.

[0013] In addition, the document states on page 5, line 15: When the astigmatism along the principal meridian is also reduced by changing the refractive index, this means that the restrictions in the configuration of the lens (i.e. the surface astigmatism in the longitudinal direction of the principal meridian or the principal line of sight should be smaller) are removed, so that... the lens is not affected by Minkwitz's law and can be configured significantly more conveniently, especially at other viewpoints.

[0014] The aim explained in this document is to obtain polishable surfaces in a simple manner by means of a correspondingly complex design of the refractive index variation. On page 6, the penultimate paragraph explicitly explains: "Here, in an extreme case, it is even possible that both surfaces of the progressive ophthalmic lens are spherical surfaces. Of course, it is also possible to use rotationally symmetric non-spherical surfaces." On the other hand, the document states that there are no restrictions on the complexity of the refractive index function, which, according to the last sentence on page 6, can be "described, for example, with the aid of spline functions" in the case of a one-dimensional "function n(y)".

[0015] The document discloses two embodiments. In the second embodiment, "not only the front face but also the face on the eye side are ... spherical curved surfaces" (see the same, page 11, last sentence). In the first embodiment, the front face has a circular main meridian (see the same, page 10, lines 6-13) and a conical cross-sectional configuration perpendicular thereto (see the same, page 11, lines 6-14). In the first embodiment, the back face is spherical.

[0016] With regard to the first embodiment, the document "explicitly states that no attention was paid to the correction of imaging errors during the optimization and that a lens having very good imaging properties in the lateral zone was nevertheless obtained. A further improvement of the imaging properties in the zone lateral to the principal meridian was obtained by further optimizing the refractive index function."

[0017] WO 99 / 13361 A1 describes a so-called "MIV" lens object, which should have all the functional features of a progressive lens, namely a distance vision component, a near vision component and a progressive zone, but the edge area of ​​the progressive zone should be free of astigmatic aberrations. This document describes that such a lens object can have a spherical front face and a spherical back face. The lens object should have a progressive zone with a refractive index that increases continuously from the distance vision component to the near vision component. However, with such an embodiment, all the desired light additions cannot generally be achieved. The document thus states: "If desired, the areas of the attachments can be bridged, if this is not possible due to a single variable refractive index, and also by manufacturing a lens with a material block with a variable refractive index as described above and forming a curve with a variable geometry like a conventional progressive lens, the following result is achieved: compared with the latter, these lenses have a much greater effect, because the lens with a variable refractive index provides the desired light addition and a reduction in the aberration area and an increase in the area of ​​use of vision in different areas using a curve with a much smaller difference between the effect of the distance vision component and the effect of the near vision component."

[0018] US 2010 / 238400 A1, the starting point of the present invention, accordingly describes a progressive ophthalmic lens consisting of a plurality of layers. At least one of the layers can have a varying refractive index, which is described in two meridians running orthogonally to one another. Furthermore, at least one of the curved surfaces of one of the layers can have a progressive curved surface configuration. It is described that the refractive index profile in the horizontal direction can be used for full calibration via the geometry of the curved surface.

[0019] Yuki Shitanoki et al., "Application of Graded-Index for AstigmatismReduction in Progressive Addition Lens", Applied Physics Express, Vol. 2, March 1, 2009, p. 032401, describe how, by comparing two progressive ophthalmic lenses cast with the aid of the same mold shell, astigmatism can be reduced in the case of a progressive ophthalmic lens with a refractive index gradient relative to a progressive ophthalmic lens without a refractive index gradient.

[0020] In particular, in view of the differences between the multilayer ophthalmic lens described in US 2010 / 238400 A1 and the subject matter of the present invention, it is mentioned that the ophthalmic lens is subjected to one or more finishing processes. In particular, a functional layer is applied on one side or on both sides. Such functional layers are layers that impart predetermined and advantageous properties to the ophthalmic lens, which are properties that the ophthalmic lens cannot obtain solely due to the properties of the base material or carrier material (on which the functional layer is applied if necessary) and due to the shape. In addition to optical properties such as antireflection, reflection, light polarization, coloring, self-coloring, these advantageous properties also include mechanical properties such as hardening, avoidance of dirt or fogging and / or electrical properties such as shielding against electromagnetic radiation, current conduction and / or other physical or chemical properties. Examples of functional coatings are known, for example, from documents WO 10 / 109154 A1, WO 01 / 55752 A1 and DE 10 2008 041 869 A1. These functional layers have no or negligible influence on the refractive properties of the ophthalmic lenses discussed within the scope of this patent application. In contrast, the layers described in US 2010 / 238400 A1 have a non-negligible influence on the refractive action of the progressive ophthalmic lenses.

[0021] EP 2 177 943 A1 describes a computational method for optimizing an optical system (e.g. an ophthalmic lens) according to at least one indicator from a list of indicators that have an influence on the visual impression of a subject. The document proposes minimizing a cost function taking into account target values ​​and indicator values. A general formula for such a cost function is given. In particular, the following two examples are given:

[0022] Paragraph

[0016] : In one embodiment, the working optical system to be optimized includes at least two optical surfaces, and the modified parameters are at least coefficients of formulas for the two optical surfaces of the working optical system.

[0023] Paragraph

[0018] : In an embodiment in which the optical system to be optimized has at least two optical surfaces, the modification of the optical processing system is carried out in such a way that at least the refractive index of the operating optical system is modified. It is possible to manufacture lenses from inhomogeneous materials having a gradient in the refractive index (known as GRIN lenses). For example, the optimized refractive index profile can be axial or radial and / or can be wavelength-dependent. Summary of the invention

[0024] The object of the present invention is now seen as providing a progressive ophthalmic lens which has further improved optical properties for the spectacle wearer compared to the progressive ophthalmic lenses known from the prior art, and a method with which a progressive ophthalmic lens with further improved optical imaging properties can be designed and produced.

[0025] This object is achieved by a progressive ophthalmic lens according to the invention or a representation of such a progressive ophthalmic lens on a data carrier or a data carrier and by a computer-implemented method according to the invention for designing a progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0026] Although WO 89 / 04986 A1 proposes to reduce the complexity of the required curved surface geometry by introducing a complex but technically achievable refractive index profile different from the earlier assumptions, in order to simplify its production (see ibid., p. 2, 4th paragraph, last line; p. 4, first paragraph, last sentence; p. 5, first paragraph; p. 5, second paragraph; p. 5, last paragraph, last sentence; p. 6, second to last paragraph) and in this way reduce the large deviations of the manufactured curved surface from the calculated curved surface that have a negative impact on the optical properties (see ibid., p. 1, third paragraph), the inventors have realized that this measure does not necessarily lead to a progressive ophthalmic lens with better optical properties for the spectacle wearer. The inventors have realized that this is due to the combined effect of the geometric complexity of the progressive surface and the complexity of the refractive index profile. Therefore, unlike the solution described in WO 89 / 04986 A1, the inventors propose a product comprising a progressive ophthalmic lens or a representation of the progressive ophthalmic lens on a data carrier or a data carrier having a virtual representation of the progressive ophthalmic lens. The progressive ophthalmic lens has a front face and a back face and a spatially varying refractive index. The front face or the back face or the front face and the back face are formed as a progressive surface. According to the invention, the progressive ophthalmic lens is unique in that the front face forming the progressive surface is formed as a free-form surface or the back face forming the progressive surface is formed as a free-form surface or both of the progressive surfaces are formed as free-form surfaces. That is, the following situation is also included: although the two curved surfaces (i.e. the front face and the back face) are formed as progressive surfaces, only one of the two curved surfaces is formed as a free-form surface.

[0027] Within the scope of the present invention, the expression “a representation of a progressive ophthalmic lens on a data carrier” is understood to mean, for example, a representation of the progressive ophthalmic lens stored in a memory of a computer.

[0028] The representation of a progressive ophthalmic lens comprises in particular a description of the geometric configuration and the medium of the progressive ophthalmic lens. Such a representation can include, for example, the front side, the back side, the arrangement of these faces relative to each other (including thickness) and the boundary limits of the progressive ophthalmic lens and the refractive index distribution of the medium that is to constitute the progressive ophthalmic lens. Such a representation of the geometric configuration of the ophthalmic lens can also include the position of specific construction reference points, centering points and marks (permanent marks) for aligning the lenses, for this purpose see Section 14.1.24 of DIN EN ISO13666:2012. The representation can be in coded form or even in encrypted form. The medium here refers to the material (or materials) or substances from which the progressive ophthalmic lens is made. The progressive ophthalmic lens can also consist of multiple layers, for example, it can also consist of ultra-thin glass with a thickness between 10 µm and 500 µm and a plastic applied thereto.

[0029] The representation, in particular the above-explained geometrical configuration of the progressive ophthalmic lens and the medium forming the progressive ophthalmic lens, can also be transformed into manufacturing data for producing the progressive ophthalmic lens by transformation. The representation can alternatively or additionally include transformed manufacturing data for producing the progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0030] In the context of the present invention, production data are understood to be data that can be loaded (i) into the control of the production machine or (ii) into the control or controls of these production machines in order to produce progressive ophthalmic lenses with the geometry and medium according to the invention.

[0031] In the context of the present invention, a virtual representation is understood to be a description of the geometry of the progressive ophthalmic lens and the medium, in particular its refractive index. Such a representation can include, for example, the front side, the back side, the arrangement of these faces relative to one another (including thickness) and the boundary limits of the progressive ophthalmic lens as well as the refractive index distribution of the medium that is to constitute the progressive ophthalmic lens. The representation can be in coded form or even in encrypted form. The medium here refers to the material(s) or substance(s) from which the progressive ophthalmic lens is made.

[0032] According to DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, section 5.8, the front or object-side surface of a spectacle lens is the surface of the spectacle lens that faces away from the eye during intended use in the spectacle. According to section 5.9 of this standard, the back surface is the eye-side surface, that is, the surface of the spectacle lens that faces the eye during intended use in the spectacle.

[0033] According to Section 7.7 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, a gradient surface is a non-rotationally symmetrical surface with a continuous curvature change over the entire surface or over a part of it, which surface is generally used to provide a gradually increasing near-vision enhancement or fading effect. Continuous changes do not include abrupt changes. Within the scope of the present invention, it is generally meant that a near-vision enhancement or fading effect can, but does not necessarily, be provided. Within the scope of the present invention, a spatially varying refractive index can in particular at least partially assume this task. According to this definition, every free-form surface is a gradient surface, but the reverse is not true.

[0034] In a broader sense, free-form surfaces are understood to be complex surfaces that can be formed in particular exclusively with the aid of (particularly piecewise) polynomial functions (particularly polynomial splines, such as bicubic splines, higher-order splines of the fourth or higher order, Zernike splines, Forbes surfaces, Tschebyschew polynomials, Fourier series, polynomial non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS)). In contrast, simple surfaces such as spherical surfaces, non-spherical surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, toric surfaces, non-torric surfaces or also surfaces described in WO 89 / 04986 A1 that are described as circles at least in the longitudinal direction of the principal meridian (see ibid., page 12, lines 6-13). In other words, the free-form surface cannot be formed in the shape of a classical regular body, such as a spherical surface, an aspherical surface, a cylindrical surface, a toric surface or also the surface described in WO 89 / 04986 A1 (see, for example, https: / / www.computerwoche.de / a / die-natur-kennt-auch-nur-freeformflaechen,1176029 heruntergeladen am 18.1.2018; http: / / www.megacad.de / kennenlernen / megacad-schulungen / schulungsinhalte / schulung-freiformflaechen.html downloaded on January 18, 2018), but for example exclusively with the aid of (especially piecewise) polynomial functions (especially polynomial splines, such as bicubic splines, higher-order splines of the fourth or higher order, Zernike splines, Forbes surfaces, Tschebyschew polynomials, Fourier series, polynomial non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS)). According to this, free-form surfaces are surfaces that do not correspond to regular geometric shapes (see, for example, https: / / www.infograph.de / de / nurbs heruntergeladen am18.1.2018; https: / / books.google.de / book id=QpugBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=regelgeometrie+definition&source=bl&ots=CJjmQwghvo&sig=MvsGv0sqbAVEygCaW-JQhfJ99jw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_jcD5y-HYAhXDXCwKHUaQCBw4ChDoAQgsMAI#v=onepage&q=regelgeometrie%20definition&f=false downloaded on January 18, 2018) or these surfaces cannot be described with the help of shapes from analytic geometry (see e.g. https: / / books.google.de / book id=LPzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=regelgeometrie+definition&source=bl&ots=e1upL5jinn&sig=hUNimu8deH5x8OvCiYsa242ddn8&hl =de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_jcD5y-HYAhXDXCwKHUaQCBw4ChDoAQgvMAM#v=onepage&q=regelgeometrie%20definition&f=false downloaded on January 18, 2018).

[0035] The objects described at the outset are fully achieved by the embodiments of the progressive ophthalmic lens denoted below as variants.

[0036] According to the present invention, the free-form surface is a free-form surface corresponding in a strict sense to Part 2.1.2 of DIN SPEC58194 of December 2015, i.e. a lens surface manufactured by free-forming technology, which is mathematically described within the limits of differential geometry and is neither point-symmetric nor axis-symmetric.

[0037] Furthermore, in one advantageous embodiment, the free-form surface cannot have point symmetry and axial symmetry, but also rotational symmetry and symmetry about a symmetry plane. Although it is convenient to remove any restrictions on the geometry of the surface, in view of the current common requirements for the optical properties of progressive ophthalmic lenses, only free-form surfaces with high complexity are sufficient as progressive surfaces. In addition, if the same degree of complexity of the refractive index distribution is allowed on the progressive ophthalmic lens (to be precise, at least in two spatial dimensions or preferably in three spatial dimensions), such a progressive ophthalmic lens can meet the requirements of the eyeglass wearer for its optical properties to the greatest extent.

[0038] The present invention is now characterized by the following alternatives:

[0039] (a) The refractive index varies only in a first spatial dimension and a second spatial dimension and is constant in a third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry.

[0040] (b) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension. In all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension, the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry.

[0041] (c) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension. The distribution of the refractive index does not have any point symmetry or axis symmetry at all.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment variant of the invention, in cases (a) and (b), the third spatial dimension runs in the following direction:

[0043] - does not vary more than 5° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or

[0044] - does not deviate more than 10° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or

[0045] - does not deviate more than 20° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or

[0046] - does not deviate more than 5° from the primary viewing direction in normal use, or

[0047] - deviates by no more than 10° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or

[0048] - does not deviate more than 20° from the primary viewing direction in normal use, or

[0049] - differs by no more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector to the front face in the geometric centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or

[0050] - differs by no more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector to the front face in the geometric centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or

[0051] - differs by no more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector to the front face in the geometric centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or

[0052] - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the measuring point of the prism, or

[0053] - does not differ by more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector at the measuring point of the prism, or

[0054] - does not differ by more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector at the measuring point of the prism, or

[0055] - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the midpoint, or

[0056] - does not differ by more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector at the midpoint, or

[0057] - The direction of the normal vector at the midpoint does not differ by more than 20°.

[0058] The prismatic measuring point is the point specified by the manufacturer on the front face according to DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10 - 14.02.2012 (in the case of progressive ophthalmic lenses or progressive ophthalmic lens blanks) at which the prismatic effect of the finished lens must be determined. The definition of the center point is in DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10 in section 5.20.

[0059] In another embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that

[0060] (i) the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature value of the front surface is in the progressive channel, and / or

[0061] (ii) the back surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back surface is in the progressive channel, and / or

[0062] (iii) the back surface has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically aspherical, or toroidal curved surface geometry, and the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature value of the front surface is located in the progressive channel, or

[0063] (iv) the front side has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically aspherical, or toroidal curved surface geometry, and the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back side is located in the progressive channel, or

[0064] (v) the back surface is not formed as a free-form curved surface, and the front surface formed as a free-form curved surface is designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature value of the front surface is in a gradual channel, or

[0065] (vi) The front surface is not formed as a free-form curved surface, and the back surface formed as a free-form curved surface is designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back surface is in a gradual channel.

[0066] In this context, according to DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, Part 14.1.25, the progressive channel is the region of a progressive ophthalmic lens in which clear vision is achieved for distances between distance and near.

[0067] Such a curved surface can be manufactured with the highest precision using the production methods available today. Advantages arise in particular when such a curved surface geometry is selected for the front side. Polishing and grinding using polishing tools commonly used today (whose at least approximately spherical polishing surface corresponds approximately to one third of the area of ​​the lens to be polished) can maintain sufficient uniformity on the surface of the lens to be polished, so that the deviation from the calculated lens geometry is relatively low. The deviation between the actual optical properties of the lens and the calculated optical properties is thus minimal.

[0068] Another variant of the invention is characterized in that the progressive spectacle lens according to the invention is configured in such a way that it has the advantageous optical properties described below for the progressive spectacle wearer compared to a comparative progressive spectacle lens which has no spatial refractive index variation but has an identical equivalent spherical power distribution.

[0069] In an illustrative manner, a spectacle lens is conceived for a predetermined arrangement before the eye of a spectacle wearer and for one or more predetermined object distances at which the spectacle wearer should clearly perceive objects. In a different arrangement before the eye of a spectacle wearer and for different object distances, the spectacle lens is of no value or the optical quality is greatly limited for the spectacle wearer. This is particularly true for progressive spectacle lenses. The progressive spectacle lens is then characterized only by the knowledge of the predetermined arrangement before the eye of the spectacle wearer. In other words, the knowledge of the arrangement of the spectacle lens in terms of the position and spatial orientation relative to the eye is necessary and also sufficient to characterize the progressive spectacle lens in a one-to-one manner with respect to its optical effect for the spectacle wearer. Furthermore, the optician can only insert the spectacle lens in the correct position in the spectacle frame if he knows the arrangement of the spectacle lens in terms of the position and orientation relative to the eye of the spectacle wearer. The representation of the predetermined arrangement of the progressive spectacle lens before the eye of the progressive spectacle wearer for which it is intended is therefore a separable component of the article (product) or commodity "progressive spectacle lens".

[0070] For the purpose of ensuring that the progressive ophthalmic lens is correctly positioned and oriented by the optician, the manufacturer applies permanent markings. From DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10 under 14.1.24, it is known that these markings are referred to as markings for orientation or permanent markings and are applied by the manufacturer in order to be able to orient the ophthalmic lens horizontally ... or to reconstruct other reference points. According to DIN EN ISO 14889:2009, part 6.1, the manufacturer of rough-edged finished ophthalmic lenses must implement identification by means of information on the individual packaging or in the accompanying documentation. In particular, it contains the correction value for the various use situations, the near addition effect, the type name or manufacturer name and the information required for measuring the near addition. The object distance model used by the manufacturer as the basis for the progressive ophthalmic lens is derived from the type name or manufacturer name. In practice, the object distance is also an order parameter that can or must be given by the optician for the far vision zone and the near vision zone. According to 3.1 of this standard, the manufacturer is to be understood as the natural or legal person who puts the rough-edged finished ophthalmic lens on the market.

[0071] In this variant according to the invention, the product also comprises, on the data carrier, a representation of the intended arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for which the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended. As already explained, the progressive ophthalmic lens formed according to the invention has (not only) in this variant an equivalent spherical power distribution for the intended arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for which the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended. The progressive ophthalmic lens formed according to the invention also has a progressive channel having a width. According to the invention, the progressive ophthalmic lens conceived in accordance with this variant has a refractive index that varies spatially as follows, so that the width of the progressive channel of the progressive ophthalmic lens is greater at least in one cross section (for example in a horizontal cross section or in a range of increase in the light addition effect of the progressive channel between 25% and 75%, or over the entire length; the width of the progressive channel at the start and end of the progressive channel sometimes still depends on the design of the far vision component or the near vision component) or over the entire length of the progressive channel than the width of the progressive channel of a contrast progressive ophthalmic lens with the same equivalent spherical power distribution but with a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the contrast progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

[0072] The term "equivalent spherical power" is defined here as the arithmetic mean of the focusing effect, as can be seen, for example, from Albert J. Augustin: Augenheilkunde. (Eye Medicine), fully edited and expanded 3rd edition, Springer, Berlin, etc., 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-30454-8, page 1272 or Heinz Diepes, Ralf Blendowske: Optik und Technik der Brille. (Optics and Technology for Eyeglasses), 1st edition, Optische Fachveröffentlichung GmbH, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-922269-34-6, p. 482:

[0073]

[0074] According to DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, part 9.2, focusing action is to be understood as the collective term of the spherical action and the prismatic action of an ophthalmic lens. The spherical action is abbreviated as "sphere" in the equations, the astigmatic action is represented by "cylinder". For the term spherical equivalent power, the term mean spherical action is also used.

[0075] As already explained above, according to DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, part 14.1.25, the progressive path is the area of ​​the progressive vision spectacle lens that enables clear vision for distances between far and near. The main line of sight extends in the middle of the progressive path, which represents the totality of all perspective points that pass through one of the two limiting curved surfaces (that is to say the front or back of the progressive spectacle lens) from far to near directly in front of the spectacle wearer when the eye's line of sight moves to the object point. The main line of sight on the front side is usually used. In other words, the main line of sight is called the line on the front side of the spectacle lens: this line connects the main line of sight points through the progressive lens for viewing far and near to each other and on which the penetration point of the visual beam for intermediate distances is located "directly in front" (note: it is quite uncommon to use the back side as a reference surface for the main line of sight). The main line of sight is usually a line that is approximately vertical in the distance vision component and the near vision component and extends helically in the progressive path (that is to say the part of the progressive spectacle lens that has a refractive effect for vision in distances between far and near). The length of the progressive channel can be derived, for example, from the position of the hyperopia and myopia construction reference points or the position of the hyperopia and myopia reference points. According to 5.13 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, the hyperopia construction reference point is the point on the finished curved surface of the finished spectacle lens or spectacle lens blank at which the construction rated values ​​for the hyperopia component are present according to the manufacturer's information. According to 5.14 of this standard, the myopia construction reference point is the point on the finished curved surface of the finished spectacle lens or spectacle lens blank at which the construction rated values ​​for the myopia component are present according to the manufacturer's information. According to 5.15, the hyperopia reference point or main reference point is the point on the front side of the spectacle lens at which the refractive effect for the hyperopia component must be achieved, and according to 5.17, the myopia perspective point is the position of the perspective point on the spectacle lens to be adopted for near viewing under specific conditions.

[0076] Theoretically, it is possible to fix and determine the properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens in a one-to-one correspondence with the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens by means of the above information. A simple indicator is obtained when it is assumed that the at least one cross section is a variant selected from the following group:

[0077] - horizontal sections,

[0078] - the cross section under half illumination (especially in the main line of sight),

[0079] - Horizontal cross section under half illumination (especially on the main line of sight)

[0080] - Horizontal cross section at half light addition (especially on the main line of sight) and horizontal cross section at 25% light addition (especially on the main line of sight)

[0081] - Horizontal cross section at half light addition (especially on the main sight line) and horizontal cross section at 75% light addition (especially on the main sight line)

[0082] - Horizontal cross-sections at half illumination (especially on the main sight line) and horizontal cross-sections at 25% illumination (especially on the main sight line) and horizontal cross-sections at 75% illumination (especially on the main sight line).

[0083] DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10 defines the near vision addition or addition in section 14.2.1 as the difference between the vertex power of the near vision component and the vertex power of the distance vision component measured using a fixed method. This standard states that the corresponding measurement method is contained in the standards that are critical for ophthalmic lenses. As a critical standard, DIN EN ISO 8598-1:2012 "Optics and optical instruments - Vertex power measuring devices - Part 1: Instruments for general use" is referenced in DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10. The vertex power is defined in section 9.7 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10 as follows. The vertex power on the image side is distinguished from the vertex power on the object side, which is defined as the reciprocal of the paraxial back focal length of the image side focus measured in meters, and the vertex focal length on the object side is defined as the reciprocal of the paraxial back focal length of the object side focus measured in meters. Note that, according to convention in ophthalmic optics, the "vertex power" of a spectacle lens uses the vertex power on the image side, whereas for some purposes the vertex power on the object side is also required, such as for measuring the addition in some multifocal and progressive spectacle lenses.

[0084] Another variant of defining the properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens by comparison with the properties of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens having properties that can be predetermined in a one-to-one manner (i.e. based on the same object distance model, the same equivalent spherical power distribution on the lens at the same position of the ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the same progressive ophthalmic lens wearer) results in the case where the product further has

[0085] (i) having a representation on a data carrier of the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0086] (ii) has an astigmatism contribution distribution on a data carrier, which is required for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended for full correction, and / or

[0087] (iii) having a prescription and an object distance model representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on a data carrier, and / or

[0088] (iv) having a representation on a data carrier of the equivalent spherical power distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended.

[0089] In this variant of the progressive ophthalmic lens according to the invention having a distance vision component and a near vision component, the width of the progressive channel is defined by the dimension of the progressive channel transverse to the longitudinal direction extending between the distance vision component and the near vision component, wherein the value of the residual astigmatism value is below a predetermined limit value within a range selected from the group given below:

[0090] (a) The limit is between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt

[0091] (b) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt

[0092] (c) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt

[0093] (d) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt

[0094] (e) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt

[0095] (f) The limit is 0.5 dpt.

[0096] Residual astigmatism is understood to be the astigmatism (in value and orientation) of the progressive spectacle lens for a beam of light passing through the progressive spectacle lens at a corresponding position on the curved surface of the progressive spectacle lens, when the progressive spectacle lens is normally worn by the progressive spectacle lens wearer for whom the progressive spectacle lens is intended (so that the progressive spectacle lens is arranged in a predetermined manner in front of the progressive spectacle lens wearer's glasses) for the progressive spectacle lens for the progressive spectacle lens wearer, for the astigmatism or the deviation between the astigmatism effect and the astigmatism effect required for full correction. The term "distribution" indicates that this residual astigmatism can vary locally on the spectacle lens and will also vary in general.

[0097] In other words, residual astigmatism is understood to be the deviation of the astigmatic effect of a progressive spectacle lens (actual astigmatic effect) from the "prescribed" astigmatic effect in terms of value and axial position. In other words, residual astigmatism is the difference between the actual astigmatic effect in the use position and the desired astigmatic effect of the wearer of the progressive spectacle lens, depending on the viewing direction. In the use position, the position and orientation of the spectacle lens relative to the eye during normal use is taken into account. The dependence of the astigmatic effect on the viewing direction can be derived in particular from the dependence of the object distance on the viewing direction and the dependence of the astigmatic effect of the eye on the viewing direction. In other words, the expression "prescribed effect" is to be understood in the broadest sense as the desired effect that the spectacle lens should have due to the basic position and orientation of the spectacle lens relative to the eye, for the corresponding viewing direction and distance (the distance at which the spectacle wearer should clearly see objects for this viewing direction).

[0098] For the specific calculation of the residual astigmatism distribution (or other error distributions, such as spherical error distributions or other higher-order error distributions such as described in EP 2 115527 B1, such as actual astigmatism values, actual spherical effects or actual prismatic effects), for example, the corneal vertex distance, the pupil distance, the lens anteversion, the frame lens angle of the lens and the lens size are generally taken into account, including in particular its thickness and / or frame (edge ​​curve). Furthermore, an object distance model is generally used as the basis, which describes the position of object points in the field of vision of the spectacle wearer relative to the rotation point of his eye.

[0099] The residual astigmatism distribution may already exist as a calculated mathematical description (as in case (i)) or may be obtained from a prescription (often also the term recipe) and an object distance model (as in case (iii)) or from an already calculated astigmatism contribution distribution for full correction (as in case (ii)).

[0100] In addition to the conventional refractive index, the prescription may also include other physiological parameters inherent to the spectacle wearer (i.e., parameters that are generally personal to the spectacle wearer) and the conditions of use under which the prescribed progressive spectacle lenses should be worn (i.e., parameters that are generally correlated with the spectacle wearer's environment). The inherent physiological parameters include, in particular, the spectacle wearer's visual impairment, the ability to adapt and the pupil distance (if appropriate, also for one eye). The conditions of use include information for placing the lenses in front of the eye and also data that characterize the object distance model, for example, whether the spectacles are to be used for work in front of a display screen (for the hyperopic direction, it is based on the object, i.e., the display screen, being at an infinite deviation distance). In the case where a separately measured or determined prescription does not contain certain conditions of use, known standard values ​​are assumed (e.g., a standard 9° anteversion).

[0101] The object distance model is understood to be the values ​​of distances in space at which the wearer of the eyeglasses should be able to see objects clearly. The object distance model can be characterized, for example, by the distribution of the object distances from the front side of the eyeglass in different viewing directions or for the penetration point of a light beam through the front side. In the object distance model, the object position is generally referred to the eye rotation point, as already explained above.

[0102] The model calculation can take into account the changes in the effect and axis position of the eye at different object distances and viewing directions. The model calculation can in particular take into account the so-called Listing's law. The model calculation can also take into account, for example, the changes in the astigmatism effect of the eye for near and far objects, as described in the prior art, for example, in DE 10 2015 205 721 A1.

[0103] Within the scope of the invention, full correction is understood to be the correction achieved by normal wearing of progressive spectacles which, taking into account the visual properties of the progressive spectacles wearer's eyes represented by the prescription, allows the progressive spectacles wearer to clearly see objects arranged at the distances on which the object distance model is based.

[0104] For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that the data carrier on which the predetermined representation is located may not be a computer memory, for example, but may also be a piece of paper. This applies in particular to the above-mentioned case (iii), in which the prescription may also be recorded on a piece of paper.

[0105] Another embodiment of the product according to the present invention comprises the following components:

[0106] - a representation, located on the data carrier, of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and

[0107] - one or more of the following representations on a data carrier:

[0108] (i) having a representation on a data carrier of the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0109] (ii) has an astigmatism contribution distribution on a data carrier, which is required for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended for full correction, and / or

[0110] (iii) having a prescription and an object distance model representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on a data carrier, and / or

[0111] (iv) having a representation on a data carrier of the equivalent spherical power distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended.

[0112] According to this embodiment, the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for which the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended. In this embodiment, the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially in such a way that the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is less than the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens for the same prescription, in the same arrangement of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer, with the same equivalent spherical power distribution and with the same object distance model, but with a spatially constant refractive index.

[0113] The optical properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens perceptible to the spectacle wearer according to this embodiment of the invention have been improved relative to all conventional types of progressive ophthalmic lenses.

[0114] Another variant of the product of the invention comprises the components given below:

[0115] - a representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on the data carrier,

[0116] - at least one of the following representations on a data carrier:

[0117] (i) having a representation on a data carrier of the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0118] (ii) has an astigmatism contribution distribution on a data carrier, which is required for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended for full correction, and / or

[0119] (iii) having a prescription and an object distance model representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on a data carrier, and / or

[0120] (iv) having a representation on a data carrier of the equivalent spherical power distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended.

[0121] According to this embodiment variant, the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for which the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended. The progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel. The refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially such that for a predetermined residual astigmatism value from the following group

[0122] (a) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt

[0123] (b) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt

[0124] (c) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt

[0125] (d) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt

[0126] (e) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt

[0127] (f) The residual astigmatism value 0.5 dpt

[0128] On a horizontal section at the narrowest position of the progressive channel (e.g. where the isotropic rays of 1 dpt have the smallest relative distance to each other) or on a horizontal section through the point where half-addition is achieved on the main line of sight, within a horizontal distance of 10 mm on both sides from the main line of sight, the following relationship holds:

[0129]

[0130] Wherein the gradient W is the effective gradient of the equivalent spherical power in the direction of the main line of sight of the progressive lens at the point at the narrowest position of the progressive channel on the main line of sight or at the point on the main line of sight where half light is achieved, and B is the residual astigmatism in the progressive lens. The width of the region, where c is a constant selected from the following group:

[0131] (a) 1.0 < c

[0132] (b) 1.1 < c

[0133] (c) 1.2 < c

[0134] (d) 1.3 < c

[0135] The optical properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens perceptible to the spectacle wearer according to this embodiment of the invention have been improved relative to all conventional types of progressive ophthalmic lenses.

[0136] Another variant of the product of the invention comprises (i) a progressive ophthalmic lens or (ii) a representation of the progressive ophthalmic lens on a data carrier or (iii) a data carrier with a virtual representation of the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the progressive ophthalmic lens has a front side and a back side and a spatially varying refractive index. The front side or the back side or both sides are formed as a progressive surface. The front side formed as a progressive surface is formed as a free-form surface according to the invention and / or the back side formed as a progressive surface is formed as a free-form surface according to the invention.

[0137] The progressive ophthalmic lens consists of a substrate without individual layers and a front coating on the front side of the substrate, comprising one or more individual layers, and / or a back coating on the back side of the substrate, comprising one or more individual layers. Only the substrate has a spatially varying refractive index.

[0138] According to the invention, the difference between the spherical equivalent power measured in each point on the front face of the progressive ophthalmic lens with the front coating and / or the back coating and the spherical equivalent power measured in each corresponding point on the front face of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens without front coating and without back coating but with the same substrate (with the same geometry and the same refractive index) is less than a value from the group given below:

[0139] (a) The difference is less than 0.001 dpt

[0140] (b) The difference is less than 0.002 dpt

[0141] (c) The difference is less than 0.003 dpt

[0142] (d) The difference is less than 0.004 dpt.

[0143] This variant may of course also have one or more of the above-mentioned features.

[0144] The first improvement of the product just described above is characterized in that at least one of the free-form surfaces has no point symmetry and no axial symmetry, or at least one of the free-form surfaces has no point symmetry and no axial symmetry and no rotational symmetry and no symmetry about the plane of symmetry.

[0145] A second development, which may be combined with the first development, is characterized in that

[0146] (a) the refractive index varies only in a first spatial dimension and a second spatial dimension and is constant in a third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, or

[0147] (b) the refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, wherein in all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension, the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, or

[0148] (c) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index does not have any point symmetry or axisymmetry at all.

[0149] The third spatial dimension in case (a) or in case (b) preferably extends in the direction

[0150] - does not vary more than 5° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or

[0151] - does not deviate more than 10° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or

[0152] - does not deviate more than 20° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or

[0153] - does not deviate more than 5° from the primary viewing direction in normal use, or

[0154] - deviates by no more than 10° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or

[0155] - does not deviate more than 20° from the primary viewing direction in normal use, or

[0156] - differs by no more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector to the front face in the geometric centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or

[0157] - differs by no more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector to the front face in the geometric centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or

[0158] - differs by no more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector to the front face in the geometric centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or

[0159] - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the measuring point of the prism, or

[0160] - does not differ by more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector at the measuring point of the prism, or

[0161] - does not differ by more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector at the measuring point of the prism, or

[0162] - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the midpoint, or

[0163] - does not differ by more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector at the midpoint, or

[0164] - The direction of the normal vector at the midpoint does not differ by more than 20°.

[0165] In another design, the progressive spectacle lens has a progressive channel. In the case of the progressive spectacle lens,

[0166] (i) the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the average curvature value is the largest in the progressive channel, and / or

[0167] (ii) the back surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the average curvature value is minimum in the progressive channel, or

[0168] (iii) the back surface has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically non-spherical, or toroidal curved surface geometry, and the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature value of the front surface is located in the progressive channel, or

[0169] (iv) the front side has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically non-spherical, or toroidal curved surface geometry, and the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back side is located in the progressive channel, or

[0170] (v) the back surface formed as a free-form curved surface and the front surface formed as a free-form curved surface are designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature value of the front surface is in a gradual channel, or

[0171] (vi) The front surface formed as a free-form curved surface and the back surface formed as a free-form curved surface are designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back surface is located in the gradual channel.

[0172] The above product may also be characterized in that:

[0173] - the product further comprises (i) a representation on a data carrier of the predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, or (ii) a data carrier having data on the predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer,

[0174] - the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended,

[0175] - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel having a width and the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially in such a way that the width of the progressive channel of the progressive ophthalmic lens is greater, at least in one cross section or over the entire length of the progressive channel, than the width of the progressive channel of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens having the same equivalent spherical power distribution but with a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

[0176] In other designs, the last-mentioned product design may be characterized in that the at least one cross-section is a variant selected from the following group:

[0177] - horizontal sections,

[0178] - Section under half-lighting,

[0179] - Horizontal section under half light

[0180] - Horizontal cross section at half light intensity and horizontal cross section at 25% light intensity

[0181] - Horizontal cross section at half light intensity and horizontal cross section at 75% light intensity

[0182] - Horizontal section at half light addition and horizontal section at 25% light addition and horizontal section at 75% light addition.

[0183] Alternatively or additionally, the product may also have:

[0184] (i) having a representation on a data carrier of the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0185] (ii) has an astigmatism contribution distribution on a data carrier, which is required for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended for full correction, and / or

[0186] (iii) having a prescription and an object distance model representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on a data carrier, and / or

[0187] (iv) having a representation on a data carrier of the equivalent spherical power distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0188] (v) having a data carrier with data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0189] (vi) having a data carrier with data on the astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, which is required for a complete correction, and / or

[0190] (vii) having a data carrier with data on the prescription and the object distance model for the intended arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0191] (viii) having a data carrier with data on the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of an eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, wherein

[0192] - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a distance vision component and a near vision component, and

[0193] - the width of the progressive channel corresponds to a dimension of the progressive channel transverse to a longitudinal direction extending between the distance vision component and the near vision component, wherein the value of the residual astigmatism value is below a predetermined limit value within a range selected from the group given below:

[0194] (a) The limit is between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt

[0195] (b) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt

[0196] (c) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt

[0197] (d) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt

[0198] (e) The limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt

[0199] (f) The limit is 0.5 dpt.

[0200] The above-mentioned further variants of the product and the above-mentioned improvements thereof may be characterized in that:

[0201] - the product further comprises (i) a representation on a data carrier of the predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, or (ii) a data carrier having data on the predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer,

[0202] - the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended,

[0203] - In addition, this product

[0204] (i) having a representation on a data carrier of the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0205] (ii) has an astigmatism contribution distribution on a data carrier, which is required for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended for full correction, and / or

[0206] (iii) having a prescription and an object distance model representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on a data carrier, and / or

[0207] (iv) having a representation on a data carrier of the equivalent spherical power distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0208] (v) having a data carrier with data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0209] (vi) having a data carrier with data on the astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, which is required for a complete correction, and / or

[0210] (vii) having a data carrier with data on the prescription and the object distance model for the intended arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0211] (viii) having a data carrier with data on the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and

[0212] - the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially in such a way that the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is less than the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens with the same equivalent spherical power distribution but with a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

[0213] The above-mentioned other variants of the product and the above-mentioned improvements thereof may also be characterized in that:

[0214] - the product further comprises (i) a representation on a data carrier of the predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, or (ii) a data carrier having data on the predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer,

[0215] - the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power (W) distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended,

[0216] - In addition, this product

[0217] (i) having a representation on a data carrier of the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0218] (ii) has an astigmatism contribution distribution on a data carrier, which is required for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended for full correction, and / or

[0219] (iii) having a prescription and an object distance model representation of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, located on a data carrier, and / or

[0220] (iv) having a representation on a data carrier of the equivalent spherical power distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0221] (v) having a data carrier with data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0222] (vi) having a data carrier with data on the astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, which is required for a complete correction, and / or

[0223] (vii) having a data carrier with data on the prescription and the object distance model for the intended arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or

[0224] (viii) having a data carrier with data on the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and

[0225] The progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel and a main line of sight, and the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially such that for a predetermined residual astigmatism value from the following group

[0226] (a) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt

[0227] (b) The residual astigmatism value is between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt

[0228] (c) The residual astigmatism value is between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt

[0229] (d) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt

[0230] (e) The residual astigmatism value In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt

[0231] (f) The residual astigmatism value is 0.5 dpt

[0232] On the horizontal section at the narrowest position of the progressive channel or for the horizontal section passing through the point where half light is achieved on the main line of sight, within the range of 10 mm horizontal distance from the main line of sight on both sides, the following relationship holds true:

[0233]

[0234] Wherein the gradient W is the effective gradient of the equivalent spherical power of the progressive lens at the narrowest position of the progressive channel on the main line of sight or at the point where half light is achieved on the main line of sight, and B is the residual astigmatism in the progressive lens. The width of the region, where c is a constant selected from the following group:

[0235] (a) 1.0 < c

[0236] (b) 1.1 < c

[0237] (c) 1.2 < c

[0238] (d) 1.3 < c.

[0239] As already explained above, the inventors have realized that this is due to the interaction of the geometric complexity of the progressive surface and the complexity of the refractive index distribution. Therefore, in contrast to the solution described in WO 89 / 04986 A1, the inventors propose a computer-implemented method for designing a progressive ophthalmic lens with a front and a back face and a spatially varying refractive index in the form of a ray tracing method, wherein the front face or the back face or both faces are formed as progressive surfaces. The optical properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens are calculated by means of a ray tracing method at a plurality of evaluation positions through which the visual beam passes through the progressive ophthalmic lens. In this ray tracing method, at least one nominal optical property of the progressive ophthalmic lens at the respective evaluation positions is determined. First, a design of the progressive ophthalmic lens is determined, wherein this design includes a representation of the local surface geometry of the progressive surface and the local refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the respective visual beam paths through the evaluation positions. The design of the progressive ophthalmic lens is modified with respect to the approach to the at least one nominal optical property of the progressive ophthalmic lens. According to the invention, the modification comprises not only modifying a representative of the local surface geometry of the progressive surface, but also modifying the local refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the corresponding visual beam paths passing through these evaluation positions, wherein the at least one rated optical property comprises a rated residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0240] The curved surface opposite to the modified progressive surface is generally fixedly predetermined. This curved surface generally has a simple curved surface geometry, such as a sphere, a rotationally symmetrical sphere or a toroidal geometry. In the case of an annular curved surface, the curved surface geometry and the axis position are generally selected so that the curved surface (except for the undesired residual astigmatism) balances the astigmatic refractive defect of the eye of the wearer of the progressive glasses. The curved surface opposite to the modified progressive surface can also be a progressive surface with a fixedly predetermined curved surface geometry, or a free-form surface when appropriate. This can help to provide the required effect increase for light addition. The modified progressive surface can also help to provide the required effect increase for light addition. It is also possible that the two curved surfaces (i.e. the front and back surfaces) are modified together with the refractive index distribution to approach the rated residual astigmatism distribution. Ray tracing methods for use in designing progressive glasses are known. In particular, Werner Köppen: Konzeption und Entwicklung von Progressivgläsern (Concept and Development of Progressive Lenses), Deutsche OptikerZeitung DOZ 10 / 95, pages 42-46 and EP 2 115 527 B1 and the literature mentioned therein are mentioned and considered. It is also known to calculate an optimized, position-dependent refractive index profile with the aid of an optical computer program, such as the computer program ZEMAX from Zemax, LLC. For example, see the website under http: / / www.zemax.com / .

[0241] The determination of the nominal characteristics of a spectacle lens relates to the so-called spectacle lens design. The spectacle lens design generally includes a nominal value distribution for one or more imaging errors, which distribution is preferably incorporated into the optimization of the spectacle lens as a target value or when determining the target value. The spectacle lens design is characterized in particular by the distribution of the refractive error (that is, the difference between the equivalent spherical power of the progressive spectacle lens in the beam path in the use position and the equivalent spherical power obtained by means of a refraction measurement) and / or the distribution of the residual astigmatism (that is, the difference between the astigmatism of the spectacle lens and the astigmatism obtained by means of a scatter measurement). Instead of the term residual astigmatism distribution, the terms astigmatism error distribution and astigmatism deviation are also used in the literature. In addition, the spectacle lens design can also include nominal values ​​for magnification errors, distortion errors or other imaging errors, in particular nominal values ​​for higher-order imaging errors, as described in EP 2115 527 B1. This is a surface value or preferably a use value, that is, a value in the use position of the spectacle lens.

[0242] According to the invention, the design of a progressive ophthalmic lens is modified with the goal of being as close as possible to a predetermined setpoint residual astigmatism. The setpoint residual astigmatism can, for example, be set to zero at all evaluation positions. It is also possible to predetermine a residual astigmatism distribution which preferably has lower values ​​than those which are theoretically fully achievable with a conventional progressive ophthalmic lens having a spatially constant refractive index but with a free-form back (and / or front) surface or which are predetermined for the optimization of such a progressive ophthalmic lens. Werner Köppen: Konzeption und Entwicklung von Progressivgläsern (Concept and Development of Progressive Lenses), Deutsche Optiker Zeitung DOZ 10 / 95, pp. 42-46, the number of evaluation positions is usually in the range between 1000 and 1500. EP 2 115 527 B1 recommends a number of evaluation positions of more than 8000.

[0243] In order to approach this goal as closely as possible, according to the invention, not only the surface geometry of the (later) progressive surface is locally modified at the evaluation location, but also the local refractive index of the medium of the progressive ophthalmic lens through which the beam path passes is modified at the evaluation location. A medium is understood to be one or more materials constituting the progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0244] According to the invention, modification of the graded surface is performed freely in two spatial dimensions, and modification of the local refractive index is performed freely in at least two spatial dimensions.

[0245] In order to get as close as possible to this goal, this modification process generally has to be carried out several times, that is to say iteratively. It should be pointed out here once again that during modification, especially during iteration, the local surface geometry and the local refractive index can be freely varied and neither the local surface geometry nor the local refractive index is kept fixed. On the contrary, WO 89 / 04986 A1 teaches to predetermine relatively simple front and back geometries and to find a suitable refractive index distribution in order to produce the necessary effect increase for providing processing and in order to completely or partially eliminate (residual) astigmatism along the main line of sight and further to calibrate the imaging errors lateral to the main meridian when appropriate.

[0246] Although the refractive index is generally wavelength-dependent, the dispersion is generally not taken into account and the calculation is performed for a so-called design wavelength. However, it is not excluded to allow the optimization process to take into account different design wavelengths, as described, for example, in EP 2 383 603 B1.

[0247] Since the modification is carried out in such a way as to come as close as possible to the nominal optical properties, it is also referred to as optimization by a person skilled in the art. The modification is carried out until a termination criterion is met. In the ideal case, the termination criterion is that the designed progressive ophthalmic lens has the predetermined nominal optical properties. In the case where the residual astigmatism is set to zero at all evaluation positions, the ideal situation is that the calculated residual astigmatism of the ophthalmic lens is practically zero at all evaluation positions. However, since this is usually not present, especially in the case described, the calculation is terminated, for example, after reaching one or more limit values ​​around the (one or more) nominal properties or after reaching a predetermined number of iterations.

[0248] The acquisition of the nominal characteristics and the calculation of the actual characteristics are usually based on model calculations which take into account the conditions of use, i.e., for example, the placement of the spectacle lenses in front of the eye and the object distance model, as well as the physiological parameters of the spectacle wearer, i.e., for example, vision defects, accommodation ability and pupil distance. The details have already been described above.

[0249] The result of approximating at least one nominal optical property of the progressive ophthalmic lens by modifying the local refractive index and the local surface geometry is generally that the front side formed as a progressive surface is formed as a free-form surface and / or the back side formed as a progressive surface is formed as a free-form surface.

[0250] The objects set out at the outset are fully achieved by the method according to the invention described above.

[0251] In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the gradient surface is modified as follows, so that a free-form surface having neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry is generated. In addition, the local refractive index is modified as follows, so that

[0252] (a) the refractive index varies only in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension and remains constant in the third spatial dimension, so that the distribution of the refractive index has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension, or

[0253] (b) the refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, so that the distribution of the refractive index in all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension, or

[0254] (c) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, so that the distribution of the refractive index in the progressive ophthalmic lens has no point symmetry and no axis symmetry at all.

[0255] The object of the invention is to reduce the residual astigmatism and, if appropriate, the residual spherical error in the vicinity of the main line of sight, that is to say in the central region of the middle part. Starting from (i) a conventional progressive ophthalmic lens design with a spatially constant refractive index or (ii) a target design of a conventional progressive ophthalmic lens with a spatially constant refractive index (that is to say a target design that has been used to optimize a progressive ophthalmic lens with a constant refractive index), a new target design for a progressive ophthalmic lens with a spatially varying refractive index can be produced, which preserves the previous residual spherical error and residual astigmatism distribution, but which is reduced particularly in the central middle part. In this case, the residual astigmatism is preferably reduced in the region around the main line of sight (for example in the range of 5, 10 to 20 mm distance from the main line of sight), for example by multiplying it by a factor of 0.5 to 0.8, in order to obtain an improved target design.

[0256] One embodiment variant of this method according to the invention is characterized in that the design of the progressive ophthalmic lens is modified in terms of minimizing an objective function. Such an objective function is also referred to as a cost function in the German literature and as a value function in the Anglo-Saxon literature. A method very often used to minimize the objective function in the design of progressive ophthalmic lenses is the method of minimum square error, as also practiced, for example, in EP 0 857 993 B2, EP 2 115 527 B1, EP 2 878 989 A1 or in Werner Köppen: Konzeption und Entwicklung von Progressivgläsern (Concept and Development of Progressive Lenses), Deutsche Optiker Zeitung DOZ 10 / 95, pages 42-46. An embodiment variant of the invention applies this method with the objective function presented below.

[0257]

[0258] In this objective function F middle, represents the weight at the evaluation position m, represents the weight of the optical property n, represents the nominal value of the optical property n at the corresponding evaluation position m, and represents the actual value of the optical characteristic n at the evaluation position m.

[0259] Applying this method has proven useful for designing progressive ophthalmic lenses of conventional type.The present invention proposes to also use this method for designing a gradient refractive index (GRIN) progressive ophthalmic lens according to the present invention.

[0260] The target design can also be determined, for example, by predetermining the optical residuals, in particular the spherical and astigmatic residuals, at a number of points which are distributed over the entire front side of the lens.

[0261] In this case, the distance of the object can be determined, for which the effect on the spectacles wearer when viewing through the spectacles lens or the residual spherical and astigmatic errors are determined.

[0262] Additionally, the curvature of the surface at other points on the progressive surface, thickness requirements at other points (particularly at the geometric center and edge of the progressive lens), and prism requirements may be predetermined.

[0263] Each of these optical and geometrical predetermined values ​​can be associated with a separate weight at each of the points. If the residuals, surface curvatures, prismatic effects and thicknesses for the predetermined values ​​at this point are determined for an initial lens (e.g. for a progressive lens optimized for constant refractive index), the total error F can thus be determined corresponding to the above given. This function value F, which depends on the optical and geometrical properties of the lens, can be minimized by means of known mathematical methods by simultaneously changing the surface geometry and the refractive index profile. In this way, a progressive lens with improved properties with respect to the previously specified requirements is obtained.

[0264] Alternatively, for the optimization of a progressive lens having a material with a variable refractive index, it is also possible to use the original target design, that is to say the target design that has been used for the optimization of a lens having a constant refractive index.

[0265] The weights used in the optimization with the original design can be used here or they can also be changed. In particular, the weights of the residual astigmatism and the residual spherical error can be increased in the progressive channel to achieve improved properties of the progressive lens in the progressive channel.

[0266] However, increasing the weighting in the progression path is only sensible here if the astigmatic error and the spherical error of the optimized lens having a material with a constant refractive index do not yet correspond to the predetermined values ​​of the (new) target design.

[0267] If the original design has been accepted by the spectacle wearer, a design that is acceptable to the spectacle wearer is obtained in this way anyway, since the optical residuals are reduced with the new design.

[0268] In general, a new, improved target design is achieved that cannot be achieved with a material having a constant refractive index, but with this target design and by simultaneously optimizing the configuration of the free-form surface and the refractive index distribution of the material having a non-constant refractive index, an improved progressive lens design can be achieved, which in particular has a wider progressive channel, a smaller maximum astigmatism residual in the intermediate region and thus also has smaller distortion in the intermediate region.

[0269] This new progressive lens design can be realized here taking into account the original use conditions, thickness preset values ​​and the like.

[0270] A particularly advantageous embodiment variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a setpoint residual astigmatism is predetermined for at least one evaluation position, which setpoint residual astigmatism is smaller than the minimum residual astigmatism theoretically achievable at the at least one corresponding evaluation position in the case of a comparison progressive spectacle lens for the same prescription and the same object distance model but with the same equivalent spherical power distribution and the comparison progressive spectacle lens being arranged identically in front of the eye of the wearer of the progressive spectacle lens but with a spatially constant refractive index, and that the modification of the representation of the local surface geometry of the progressive surface and the local refractive index of the progressive spectacle lens in the corresponding visual beam paths through the evaluation positions is terminated only when the residual astigmatism achieved for the designed progressive spectacle lens at the at least one evaluation position is smaller than the residual astigmatism theoretically achievable at the at least one corresponding evaluation position in the case of the comparison progressive spectacle lens.

[0271] As already explained above, the nominal residual astigmatism can be set to zero at all evaluation positions. In order to design a progressive ophthalmic lens with better overall optical properties than a conventional type of contrast progressive ophthalmic lens, the nominal residual astigmatism at all evaluation positions is selected to be significantly smaller than the nominal residual astigmatism usually used for designing contrast progressive ophthalmic lenses (e.g., 10%-50% smaller). In general, a nominal residual astigmatism is predetermined at least at these evaluation positions, which is smaller than the residual astigmatism that is theoretically achievable in the contrast progressive ophthalmic lens at least at the corresponding evaluation positions (which should be located within the later progressive path). In other words, a widening of the progressive path is always desirable.

[0272] Thus, in addition to or instead of the above-described free implementation variant, a method variant consists in modifying the representative of the local surface geometry of the progressive surface and the local refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the corresponding visual beam path passing through these evaluation positions under the following precondition: the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is less than the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens for the same prescription, with the same equivalent spherical power distribution and in the same arrangement of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer. Theoretically, the maximum value of the residual astigmatism in the progressive ophthalmic lens designed according to the invention does not necessarily have to be located at the "same" position or "same" evaluation position as the maximum value of the residual astigmatism in the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens. However, this can also be taken into account as an additional condition when carrying out the method. By means of these predetermined values, the optical properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens according to the invention are further improved compared to comparative progressive ophthalmic lenses of conventional production type.

[0273] In a variant embodiment, the method of the invention can be carried out in such a way that, when designing a progressive ophthalmic lens, a progressive ophthalmic lens corresponding to a product of the type described above is obtained. The advantages of such a product have already been explained in detail above.

[0274] In another method variant of the invention, it is even provided that the design of the progressive ophthalmic lens is carried out precisely under the precondition that the progressive ophthalmic lens is produced corresponding to a product according to one of the above-mentioned types. In this further variant, the desired properties and the end conditions are selected such that during the design, a corresponding progressive ophthalmic lens having the above-mentioned optical properties must be produced in the arrangement predetermined by the representation in front of the eyes of the future spectacle wearer.

[0275] The present invention also proposes a computer program with a program code, the program code is used to execute all method steps according to one of the above methods when the computer program is loaded on a computer and / or executed on the computer. The computer program can be stored on any computer-readable medium, in particular on a computer hard disk, on a USB flash drive or also in the cloud. Therefore, the present invention also attempts to protect a computer-readable medium with a computer program of the above type.

[0276] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing by an additive method a progressive ophthalmic lens according to one of the above products or a progressive ophthalmic lens designed using the method of the above variants.

[0277] Additive methods are methods for sequentially structuring progressive ophthalmic lenses. It is particularly known that, in particular, so-called digital manufacturing plants offer the possibility of producing almost any structures that are impossible or difficult to produce with classical milling methods. Within the machine category of digital manufacturing plants, 3D printers form the most important subcategory of manufacturing plants for additive (i.e. additive) construction. The most important technologies for 3D printing are selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting for metals, selective laser sintering (SLS) for polymers, ceramics and metals, stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing for liquid synthetic resins, and multijet or polyjet molding (e.g. inkjet printing) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) for plastics and some synthetic resins. Also known is construction by means of nanolayers, as described, for example, under http: / / peaknano.com / wp-content / uploads / PEAK-1510-GRINOptics-Overview.pdf downloaded on January 12, 2017.

[0278] Starting materials for production by means of 3D printing and the possibilities for 3D production methods themselves are known, for example, from European patent application No. 16195139.7.

[0279] An improved solution of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a progressive ophthalmic lens, which comprises the method for designing a progressive ophthalmic lens as described above and manufacturing the progressive ophthalmic lens after the designing.

[0280] According to the invention, the production of the progressive ophthalmic lens after design can again be carried out by means of additive methods.

[0281] Another development of the invention consists in a computer with a processor which is configured to carry out the method for designing a progressive ophthalmic lens according to one of the above-mentioned types or variants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0282] The present invention is described in detail below with the aid of the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0283] FIG. 1 Comparative optical properties of a conventionally constructed progressive ophthalmic lens formed of a material having a refractive index of n=1.600 and a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens having a vertical symmetry plane according to a first embodiment of the present invention

[0284] a: Average spherical effect of progressive lenses

[0285] b: Comparison of the average surface refractive index of progressive lenses and the free-form surface on the object side

[0286] c: Figure 1aComparison of the surface astigmatism of the free-form surface on the object side of a progressive ophthalmic lens

[0287] FIG. 2 Optical characteristics of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the first embodiment

[0288] a: average spherical effect

[0289] b: Average surface refractive index of the object side free-form surface calculated for a constant refractive index n = 1.600

[0290] c: for n = 1.600, Figure 2a Surface astigmatism of the object-side free-form surface of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens

[0291] Figure 3 Refractive Index Distribution of the GRIN Progressive Spectacle Lens According to the First Embodiment

[0292] FIG4 is a comparison of the residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the first embodiment and the residual astigmatism distribution of the comparative progressive spectacle lens.

[0293] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of progressive lenses

[0294] b: Residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the first embodiment

[0295] FIG. 5 is a comparison of the residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the first embodiment and the residual astigmatism curve of the comparative progressive spectacle lens in the longitudinal direction of the cross section at y=0 according to FIG. 4

[0296] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism curves of progressive lenses

[0297] b: Residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the first embodiment

[0298] FIG6 Comparison of the profile of the front face of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the first embodiment and the profile of the front face of the comparative progressive spectacle lens

[0299] a: Compare the front elevation of the progressive lens

[0300] b: Sagitta of the front surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the first embodiment

[0301] FIG. 7 Optical characteristics of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens of conventional construction formed of a material having a refractive index of n=1.600 and a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens having a vertical symmetry plane according to a second embodiment of the present invention

[0302] a: average spherical effect

[0303] b: Average surface refractive index, free-form surface on the object side

[0304] c: Figure 7a Comparison of the surface astigmatism of the free-form surface on the object side of a progressive ophthalmic lens

[0305] FIG8 Optical characteristics of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the second embodiment

[0306] a: average spherical effect

[0307] b: Average surface refractive index of the object side surface calculated for refractive index n = 1.600

[0308] c: for n = 1.600, Figure 8a Surface astigmatism of the object-side free-form surface of the GRIN progressive eyeglass lens of the present invention

[0309] Fig. 9 Refractive Index Distribution of the GRIN Progressive Spectacle Lens According to the Second Embodiment

[0310] FIG. 10 Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the second embodiment and residual astigmatism distribution of the comparative progressive spectacle lens

[0311] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of progressive lenses

[0312] b: Residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the second embodiment

[0313] FIG. 11 is a comparison of the residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the second embodiment and the residual astigmatism curve of the comparative progressive spectacle lens in the longitudinal direction of the cross section at y=-5 mm according to FIG. 10

[0314] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism curves of progressive lenses

[0315] b: Residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the second embodiment

[0316] FIG. 12 Comparison of the profile of the front face of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens according to the second embodiment and the profile of the front face of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens; the sagittal height is given by:

[0317] a: Compare the front elevation of the progressive lens

[0318] b: Sagitta of the front surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the second embodiment

[0319] FIG. 13 Optical characteristics of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens of conventional construction made of a material having a refractive index of n=1.600 and a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens without any symmetry according to the third embodiment of the present invention

[0320] a: Average spherical effect of progressive lenses

[0321] b: Comparison of the average surface refractive index of progressive lenses and the free-form surface on the object side

[0322] c: Fig.13a Comparison of the surface astigmatism of the free-form surface on the object side of a progressive ophthalmic lens

[0323] FIG. 14 Optical characteristics of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the third embodiment

[0324] a: average spherical effect

[0325] b: Average surface refractive index of the object side free-form surface calculated for refractive index n = 1.600

[0326] c: for n = 1.600, Fig.14a Surface astigmatism of the object-side free-form surface of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens

[0327] Fig.15 Refractive Index Distribution of the GRIN Progressive Spectacle Lens According to the Third Embodiment

[0328] FIG. 16 Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the third embodiment and residual astigmatism distribution of the comparative progressive spectacle lens

[0329] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of progressive lenses

[0330] b: Residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the third embodiment

[0331] FIG. 17 is a comparison of the residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the third embodiment and the residual astigmatism curve of the comparative progressive spectacle lens in the longitudinal direction of the cross section at y=-5 mm according to FIG. 16

[0332] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism curves of progressive lenses

[0333] b: Residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the third embodiment

[0334] FIG. 18 Comparison of the profile of the front face of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the third embodiment and the profile of the front face of the comparative progressive spectacle lens

[0335] a: Compare the front elevation of the progressive lens

[0336] b: Sagitta of the front surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the third embodiment

[0337] FIG. 19 compares the optical characteristics of a conventionally constructed progressive ophthalmic lens made of a material having a refractive index of n=1.600 and a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens without any symmetry according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention

[0338] a: Average spherical effect of progressive lenses

[0339] b: Comparison of the average surface refractive index of progressive lenses and the free-form surface on the eye side

[0340] c: Fig.19a Comparison of progressive spectacle lenses with free-form surfaces on the eye side and curved astigmatism

[0341] FIG. 20 Optical characteristics of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the fourth embodiment

[0342] a: average spherical effect

[0343] b: Average surface refractive index of the free-form surface on the eye side calculated for a refractive index of n = 1.600

[0344] c: for n = 1.600, Fig.20a GRIN progressive eyeglasses with free-form surface on the eye side for curved astigmatism

[0345] Fig.21 Refractive Index Distribution of the GRIN Progressive Spectacle Lens According to the Fourth Embodiment

[0346] FIG. 22 Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the fourth embodiment and residual astigmatism distribution of the comparative progressive spectacle lens

[0347] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism distribution of progressive lenses

[0348] b: Residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the fourth embodiment

[0349] FIG. 23 is a comparison of the residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the fourth embodiment and the residual astigmatism curve of the comparative progressive spectacle lens in the longitudinal direction of the cross section at y=-4 mm according to FIG. 22

[0350] a: Comparison of residual astigmatism curves of progressive lenses

[0351] b: Residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the fourth embodiment

[0352] FIG. 24 Comparison of the profile of the back surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the fourth embodiment and the profile of the back surface of the comparative progressive spectacle lens

[0353] a: Compare the sagitta of the back of the progressive lens

[0354] b: Sagitta of the back surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the fourth embodiment

[0355] FIG. 25 Optical properties of a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens without any symmetry according to the fifth embodiment, for a formula value design of -4 dpt for the sphere, 2 dpt for the column, and 90 degrees for the axis position

[0356] a: average spherical effect

[0357] b: Average surface refractive index of the free-form surface on the eye side calculated for a refractive index of n = 1.600

[0358] c: for n = 1.600, Fig.25a GRIN progressive eyeglasses with free-form surface on the eye side for curved astigmatism

[0359] Fig.26 Refractive Index Distribution of the GRIN Progressive Spectacle Lens According to the Fifth Embodiment

[0360] FIG. 27 Residual astigmatism of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the fifth embodiment

[0361] a: Residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the fifth embodiment

[0362] b: Residual astigmatism curve of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention in the longitudinal direction at the cross section at y = -4 mm according to the fifth embodiment

[0363] FIG. 28 shows the sagittal height of the back surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the fifth embodiment.

[0364] The first five embodiments relate to a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens or its representation in a computer memory corresponding to a product of the type of the invention. The sixth embodiment illustrates a method for designing a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0365] First embodiment

[0366] In a first embodiment, a progressive ophthalmic lens with a particularly simple curvature geometry is selected. The progressive ophthalmic lens is designed in a mirror-symmetrical manner with respect to a plane vertically standing on the drawing plane and consists essentially only of zones with increasing effect arranged in the middle region and extending vertically from top to bottom.

[0367] Figure 1aThe average spherical effect distribution in the beam path of a spectacle wearer of a progressive spectacle lens made of a standard material (refractive index n = 1.600) with an object-side freeform surface described by a so-called bicubic spline is shown. This progressive spectacle lens serves as a comparison progressive spectacle lens for the progressive spectacle lens formed according to the invention, which is referred to below as a GRIN progressive spectacle lens due to its spatially varying refractive index.

[0368] The back of the contrast progressive ophthalmic lens is a spherical surface with a radius of 120 mm and the eye rotation point is located behind the geometric center of the lens at a distance of 25.5 mm from the back. The lens has an average thickness of 2.5 mm and a prismatic effect of 0 in the geometric center. The back is non-deflected, that is to say the front and back have a normal in the geometric center in the direction of viewing in the horizontal direction straight ahead.

[0369] The indicated coordinate axes x and y are used to determine a point on this curved surface. On the vertical center axis of the lens, at a height of approximately y = 25 mm, the effect exceeds 0.00 diopters and at approximately y = -25 mm an effect of 2.25 dpt (diopters) is achieved. Over this length of 50 mm, the lens effect is therefore increased by 2.25 dpt. The progressive spectacle lens thus has no spherical effect (sphere = 0) and no astigmatic effect (cylinder = 0) in the farsighted part for the spectacle wearer in the set use position and has an addition of 2.25 dpt. According to Part 11.1 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, a spectacle lens with spherical effect is a spectacle lens which brings the approximate, parallel light beams together in a single focus. According to DIN EN ISO 13666:2013-10, part 12.1, a spectacle lens with astigmatism is a spectacle lens which brings the paraxial, parallel light beam into two separate, mutually perpendicular focal lines and thus has a vertex power only in these two main focal planes. Part 14.2.1 of this standard defines the addition as the difference between the vertex power of the near vision component and the vertex power of the distance vision component.

[0370] Figure 1b It is shown that for n = 1.600, Figure 1a The average surface refractive index of the object-side freeform surface of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens. The surface curvature increases continuously from top to bottom, with the average surface refractive index increasing from about 5.3 dpt at y = 15 mm to about 7.0 dpt at y = -25 mm.

[0371] Figure 1c It is shown that for n = 1.600, Figure 1a Comparison of the surface astigmatism of the free-form surface on the object side of a progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0372] Figure 2a , 2b and 2c show a replica of a contrast progressive ophthalmic lens using GRIN material. Figure 2a For this purpose, the distribution of the average spherical effect is shown. Figure 1a and Figure 2a From the comparison, we can see that the distribution of the effects of these two types of progressive lenses is the same. Figure 2b The curve of the average surface refractive index is shown in Figure 2c The curve of the curved astigmatism of the front surface of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens formed according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1b Compare the mean curvature and use Figure 1c In contrast to the surface astigmatism, no GRIN material was used in the calculation of the average surface refractive index and surface astigmatism, but instead a material with a refractive index of n = 1.600 was used as before.

[0373] Mean surface refractive index and surface astigmatism are defined according to Heinz Diepes, Ralf Blendowske: Optik und Technik der Brille (Optics and Technology for Eyewear); 2nd edition, Heidelberg 2005, p. 256.

[0374] Figure 2b and 2c and Figure 1b and 1c A comparison of the free-form surface shows that the configuration of the free-form surface has changed significantly: the average surface refractive index (calculated at n = 1.600) now decreases from top to bottom, that is, the average curvature of the surface decreases from top to bottom. The curve of the surface astigmatism no longer shows the typical gradual channel.

[0375] Figure 3 The refractive index distribution on the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the invention is shown. Here the refractive index increases from about n = 1.48 from top to bottom to about n = 1.75 in the lower region.

[0376] Figure 4a and Figure 4b The influence of using GRIN material with its special refractive index profile and the design of the freeform surface of such a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens on the progressive channel width compared to a standard lens is demonstrated. The figures show the distribution of the astigmatic residual in the beam path of the ophthalmic wearer for an ophthalmic wearer with a purely spherical prescription.

[0377] In this exemplary embodiment, a widening of the progressive channel (defined here by the iso-astigmatism line 1 dpt) from 17 mm to 22 mm, ie approximately 30%, is achieved.

[0378] Figure 5a and Figure 5b Shown through the Figure 4a and Figure 4b Cross-section of the residual astigmatism distribution. The conventional relationship between the action increase and the resulting lateral rise in astigmatic error (similar to the relationship between the mean surface refractive index and the surface astigmatism according to the Minkwitz law) becomes particularly clear here. The astigmatism increase around the center of the progressive channel (y = 0) is significantly smaller for the GRIN lens, despite the same action increase as in the standard lens. It is this increase that is explained in the optics theory of progressive lenses using the Minkwitz rule.

[0379] FIG. 6 compares the contour of the front side of a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens according to the first exemplary embodiment with the contour of the front side of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens using a sagittal height diagram. Figure 6b shows the sagitta of the front side of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention according to the first embodiment, Figure 6a In comparison therewith, the sagitta of the front side of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens is shown.

[0380] Second embodiment

[0381] All the following figures correspond in subject matter and sequence to those of the first exemplary embodiment.

[0382] Figure 7a The average spherical action distribution in the beam path of a progressive spectacle wearer of a contrast progressive spectacle lens made of a standard material (refractive index n = 1.600) with an object-side freeform surface is shown. The rear surface is again a spherical surface with a radius of 120 mm and the eye rotation point is located 4 mm above the geometric center of the contrast progressive spectacle lens at a horizontal distance of 25.8 mm from the rear surface. The contrast progressive spectacle lens has a center thickness of 2.6 mm and a prismatic action of 1.0 cm / m with a base curve of 270° 2 mm below the geometric center. The rear surface is tilted -8° about the horizontal axis.

[0383] The indicated coordinate axes are used to determine the points on this surface. On the vertical center axis of the contrast progressive spectacle lens, the effect exceeds the 0.00 diopter line at a height of approximately y = 6 mm (i.e. the spectacle wearer obtains approximately 0 dpt effect when looking straight ahead horizontally) and reaches an effect of 2.00 diopters at approximately y = -14 mm. Thus, over this length of 20 mm, the lens effect increases by 2.00 dpt.

[0384] Figure 7b It is shown that for n = 1.600, Figure 7aThe average surface refractive index of the object-side freeform surface of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens. The surface curvature increases continuously from top to bottom, with the average surface refractive index increasing from 5.00 dpt at y = 2 mm to 6.75 dpt at y = -18 mm.

[0385] Figure 7c It is shown that for n = 1.600, Figure 7a Comparison of the surface astigmatism of the free-form surface on the object side of a progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0386] Figure 8a , 8b 8c shows a replica of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens using the GRIN material (of the progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention). Figure 8a For this purpose, the distribution of the average spherical effect is shown. Figure 7a and 8a A comparison of the two lenses shows that the effect of the two lenses along the vertical midline is the same. Figure 8b The curve of the average surface refractive index is shown in Figure 8c The curve of the curved astigmatism of the front surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 7b Compare the mean curvature and use Figure 7c In contrast to the surface astigmatism, no GRIN material was used in the calculations, but instead a material with a refractive index of n = 1.600 was used as before.

[0387] Figure 8b and 8c and Figure 7b and 7c A comparison of the freeform surfaces shows that the configuration of the freeform surface has changed significantly: the average surface refractive index (calculated at n = 1.600) now decreases in a non-uniform manner from the center of the lens toward the edge. The curve of the surface astigmatism no longer shows the typical progressive path.

[0388] Fig. 9 The refractive index distribution on this spectacle lens is shown. Here, the refractive index rises from about 1.60 in the center of the lens to about n = 1.70 in the lower region.

[0389] Fig.10a and Fig.10b The influence of using a GRIN material with its special refractive index profile and the design of the freeform surface of such a GRIN progressive spectacle lens on the progressive channel width compared to a comparative progressive spectacle lens is demonstrated. The figures show the distribution of the astigmatic residual in the beam path of a spectacle wearer for a spectacle wearer with a purely spherical prescription.

[0390] In this exemplary embodiment, a widening of the progressive channel (defined here by the iso-astigmatism line 1 dpt) from 8.5 mm to 12 mm, ie approximately 41%, is achieved.

[0391] Fig.11a and Fig.11b Shown through the Fig.10a and Fig.10b Cross-section of the residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN lens of the invention. Here, the conventional relationship between the action rise and the lateral rise of the astigmatic error caused thereby (similar to the relationship between the mean surface refractive index and the surface astigmatism according to the Minkwitz law) becomes particularly evident. The astigmatism rise around the center of the progressive channel (y = -5 mm) is significantly smaller for the GRIN lens of the invention, although there is the same action rise as in the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens. Similar to the first embodiment, a clear deviation of the astigmatism gradient of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens from the behavior predicted by Minkwitz occurs: the progressive channel becomes significantly wider.

[0392] FIG12 compares the profile of the front side of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens according to the second embodiment with the profile of the front side of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens by means of a sagittal height diagram. With respect to a coordinate system deflected by -7.02° about the horizontal axis (that is, the vertical Y axis of the coordinate system is tilted by -7.02° relative to the vertical direction in space), Figure 12b shows the sagitta of the front side of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention according to the second embodiment, and Fig.12a In comparison therewith, the sagitta of the front side of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens is shown.

[0393] Third embodiment

[0394] All the following figures correspond in subject matter and in sequence to those of the second exemplary embodiment.

[0395] The third embodiment shows two progressive lenses, in which the convergence movement of the eye is taken into account when viewing objects at intermediate distances and near objects located directly in front of the eye of the spectacle wearer. This convergence movement makes it possible that when viewing perspective points through the front side of the spectacle lens, these perspective points do not lie on exactly vertical straight line segments, but on vertical lines that are turned toward the nose (called main lines of sight).

[0396] Therefore, in these embodiments, the center of the near vision zone is also offset horizontally in the direction of the nose. These embodiments are calculated so that this main line of sight is located in the progressive zone in the middle between the lines with a residual astigmatism of 0.5 dpt on the front side (see Fig.16a and 16b ).

[0397] Fig.13aThe average spherical action distribution in the beam path of a progressive spectacle wearer of a contrast progressive spectacle lens made of a standard material (refractive index n = 1.600) with an object-side freeform surface is shown. The rear surface is again a spherical surface with a radius of 120 mm and the eye rotation point is located 4 mm above the geometric center of the contrast progressive spectacle lens at a horizontal distance of 25.5 mm from the rear surface. The contrast progressive spectacle lens has a center thickness of 2.5 mm and a prismatic action of 1.0 cm / m with a base curve of 270° 2 mm below the geometric center. The rear surface is deflected so that the beam on the eye side is perpendicular to the rear surface when looking horizontally straight ahead.

[0398] The wearer of the glasses obtains an average effect of 0 dpt when looking horizontally straight ahead (that is to say for a perspective point through the lens 4 mm above the geometric centre) and an average effect of 2.00 dpt when looking through a point 13 mm below the geometric centre and horizontally -2.5 mm in the direction of the nose. That is to say, the lens effect is therefore increased by 2.00 dpt over a length of 17 mm.

[0399] Fig.13b , for a refractive index of n = 1.600, the distribution of the average surface refractive index of the free-form surface on the object side of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens of the third embodiment is shown, and the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens achieves the above Fig.13a The average action distribution is shown in Figure 2. The surface curvature increases continuously from top to bottom, with the average surface refractive index increasing from 5.00 dpt at y = approximately 2 mm to 6.50 dpt at y = -12 mm.

[0400] Fig.13c It is shown that for n = 1.600, Fig.13a Comparison of the surface astigmatism of the free-form surface on the object side of a progressive ophthalmic lens.

[0401] Fig.14a , 14b 14c and 14c show a replica of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens using the GRIN material (of the progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention). Fig.14a For this purpose, the distribution of the average spherical effect is shown. Fig.13a and 14a By comparison, it can be seen that the effect increase along the main line of sight in the progressive area is the same. Fig.14b The curve of the average surface refractive index is shown in Fig.14c The curve of the curved astigmatism of the front surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Fig.13b Compare the mean curvature and use Fig.13cIn contrast to the surface astigmatism, no GRIN material was used in the calculations, but instead a material with a refractive index of n = 1.600 was used as before.

[0402] Fig.13b and 13c and Fig.14b and 14c A comparison of the freeform surfaces shows that the configuration of the freeform surface has changed significantly: the average surface refractive index (calculated at n = 1.600) now decreases in an uneven manner from the center of the lens toward the edge in order to increase again toward the periphery. The curve of the surface astigmatism no longer shows the typical progressive path.

[0403] Fig.15 The refractive index distribution on this spectacle lens is shown. Here, the refractive index rises from about 1.48 in the upper region of the lens to about 1.70 at a height of y = -13 in the lower region.

[0404] Fig.16a and Fig.16b The influence of using a GRIN material with its special refractive index profile and the design of the freeform surface of such a GRIN progressive spectacle lens on the progressive channel width compared to a comparative progressive spectacle lens is demonstrated. The figures show the distribution of the astigmatic residual in the beam path of a spectacle wearer for a spectacle wearer with a purely spherical prescription.

[0405] In this third exemplary embodiment, a widening of the progressive channel (defined here by the iso-astigmatism line 1 dpt) from 6 mm to 9 mm, ie approximately 50%, is achieved.

[0406] Fig.17a and Fig.17b Shown through the Fig.16a and Fig.16b Cross-section of the residual astigmatism distribution of the GRIN lens of the invention. These figures again show the conventional relationship between the action increase and the lateral rise of the astigmatic error caused thereby (similar to the relationship between the mean surface refractive index and the surface astigmatism according to the Minkwitz law). The astigmatic residual around the center of the progressive channel (y = -5 mm) is again significantly smaller for the GRIN lens of the invention, despite the presence of the same action increase as in the comparative progressive spectacle lens.

[0407] Fig. 18 compares the profile of the front face of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the third embodiment with the profile of the front face of the comparative progressive spectacle lens by means of a sagittal diagram. With respect to a plane located vertically in front of the horizontal direction in the viewing direction, Fig. 18b shows the sagittal of the front face of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the present invention according to the third embodiment, and Fig. 18a shows the sagittal of the front face of the comparative progressive spectacle lens in comparison therewith.

[0408] Fourth embodiment

[0409] All the following figures correspond in subject matter and in sequence to those of the third exemplary embodiment.

[0410] The fourth embodiment shows two progressive lenses, in which the convergence movement of the eye is taken into account when viewing objects at intermediate distances and near objects located directly in front of the eye of the spectacle wearer. This convergence movement makes it possible that when viewing perspective points through the front side of the spectacle lens, these perspective points do not lie on exactly vertical straight line segments, but on vertical lines that are turned toward the nose (called main lines of sight).

[0411] Therefore, in these embodiments, the center of the near vision zone is also offset horizontally in the direction of the nose. These embodiments are calculated so that this main line of sight is located in the progressive zone in the middle between the lines with a residual astigmatism of 0.5 dpt on the front side (see Fig.22a and 22b ).

[0412] Fig.19a The average spherical action distribution in the beam path of a progressive spectacle wearer of a contrast progressive spectacle lens made of standard material (refractive index n = 1.600) with an eye-side freeform surface is shown. The front side is a spherical surface with a radius of 109.49 mm and the eye rotation point is located 4 mm above the geometric center of the contrast progressive spectacle lens at a horizontal distance of 25.1 mm from the back side. The contrast progressive spectacle lens has a center thickness of 2.55 mm and a prismatic action of 1.5 cm / m with a base curve of 270° 2 mm below the geometric center. The anteversion is 9° and the frame lens angle is 5°.

[0413] The wearer of the glasses obtains an average effect of 0 dpt when looking horizontally straight ahead (that is to say for a perspective point through the lens 4 mm above the geometric centre) and an average effect of 2.50 dpt when looking through a point 11 mm below the geometric centre and horizontally -2.5 mm in the direction of the nose. That is to say, the lens effect is therefore increased by 2.50 dpt over a length of 15 mm.

[0414] Fig.19b , for a refractive index of n = 1.600, the distribution of the average surface refractive index of the eye-side free-form surface of the comparative progressive spectacle lens of the fourth embodiment is shown, and the comparative progressive spectacle lens achieves the above-mentioned Fig.19a The average action distribution is shown in . The surface curvature decreases continuously from top to bottom, and the average surface refractive index increases from -5.50 dpt at y = about 2 mm to -3.50 dpt at y = -15 mm.

[0415] Fig.19cIt is shown that for n = 1.600, Fig.19a The contrast of progressive eyeglass lenses with free-form surfaces on the eye side has a curved astigmatism.

[0416] Fig.20a , 20b 20c and 20c show a replica of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens using the GRIN material (of the progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention). Fig.20a For this purpose, the distribution of the average spherical effect is shown. Fig.19a and 20a By comparison, it can be seen that the effect increase along the main line of sight in the progressive area is the same. Fig.20b The curve of the average surface refractive index is shown in Fig.20c The curve of the curved astigmatism of the back surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Fig.19b Compare the mean curvature and use Fig.19c In contrast to the surface astigmatism, no GRIN material was used in the calculations, but instead a material with a refractive index of n = 1.600 was used as before.

[0417] Fig.19b and 19c and Fig.20b and 20c A comparison of the freeform surfaces shows that the configuration of the freeform surface has changed significantly: the distribution of the mean surface refractive index as well as the distribution of the surface astigmatism (calculated at n = 1.600) is such that the typical progressive channel can no longer be discerned.

[0418] Fig.21 The refractive index profile on this spectacle lens is shown. Here, the refractive index rises from about 1.55 in the upper lateral region of the lens to about 1.64 in the lower region.

[0419] Fig.22a and Figure 22b The effect of using a GRIN material with its special refractive index profile and the design of the freeform surface of such a GRIN progressive spectacle lens on the progressive channel width compared to a comparative progressive spectacle lens is shown. The figures show the distribution of the astigmatism residual in the beam path of the spectacle wearer for a spectacle wearer with a purely spherical prescription. The main lines of sight are identified in both figures.

[0420] Fig.23a and Figure 23b Shown through the Fig.22a and Figure 22b. These figures again show the conventional relationship between the action increase and the lateral rise of the astigmatism error caused thereby (similar to the relationship between the mean surface refractive index and the surface astigmatism according to the Minkwitz law). The astigmatism residual around the center of the progressive channel (y = -4 mm) is again significantly smaller for the GRIN lens of the invention, despite the same action increase as in the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens. In this fourth embodiment, a widening of the progressive channel (here defined by the isoastigmatism line 1 dpt) from 4.5 mm to 6 mm, i.e. about 33%, is achieved.

[0421] Fig. 24 compares the profile of the back side of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the fourth embodiment with the profile of the back side of the comparative progressive spectacle lens by means of sagittal diagrams. With respect to a plane located vertically in the horizontal front in the viewing direction, Fig. 24b shows the sagittal of the back side of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the present invention according to the fourth embodiment, and Fig. 24a shows the sagittal of the back side of the comparative progressive spectacle lens in comparison therewith.

[0422] Fifth embodiment

[0423] The following figures correspond in subject matter to those of the fourth exemplary embodiment.

[0424] The fifth embodiment shows a lens designed for prescription values ​​of sphere-4 dpt, cylinder 2 dpt, axis position 90 degrees. The prescription values ​​given in the prescription are used to correct the vision errors of the eyeglass wearer.

[0425] As in the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment also takes into account the convergence movement of the eyes when viewing objects at intermediate distances and near objects located directly in front of the eye of the spectacle wearer. This convergence movement makes it possible that when viewing perspective points through the front side of the spectacle lens, these perspective points do not lie on exactly vertical straight line segments, but on vertical lines that are turned toward the nose (called main lines of sight).

[0426] Therefore, in these embodiments, the center of the near vision zone is also offset horizontally in the direction of the nose. These embodiments are calculated so that this main line of sight is located in the progressive zone in the middle between the lines with a residual astigmatism of 0.5 dpt on the front side (see Fig.27a ).

[0427] Fig.25aThe average spherical effect distribution in the beam path of a progressive spectacle lens wearer of the present invention with a free-form surface on the eye side using GRIN material is shown. In this design, the formula values ​​of sphere - 4 dpt, cylinder 2 dpt, axis position 90 degrees were taken into account. The front side is a spherical surface with a radius of 109.49 mm and the eye rotation point is located 4 mm above the geometric center of the progressive spectacle lens at a horizontal distance of 25.5 mm from the back side. The progressive spectacle lens of the present invention has a center thickness of 2.00 mm and a prismatic effect of 1.5 cm / m with a base curve of 270° 2 mm below the geometric center. The forward tilt is 9° and the frame lens angle is 5°.

[0428] The wearer of the glasses obtains an average effect of 0 dpt when looking horizontally straight ahead (that is to say for a perspective point through the lens 4 mm above the geometric centre) and an average effect of 2.50 dpt when looking through a point 11 mm below the geometric centre and horizontally -2.5 mm in the direction of the nose. That is to say, the lens effect is therefore increased by 2.50 dpt over a length of 15 mm.

[0429] Fig.25b The curve of the average surface refractive index is shown in Fig.25c The curve of the curved astigmatism of the back surface of the GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention according to the fifth embodiment is shown in FIG. No GRIN material is used in the calculation, but a material with a refractive index of n = 1.600 is used as before.

[0430] Fig.26 The refractive index profile on this spectacle lens is shown. Here, the refractive index rises from about 1.55 in the upper lateral region of the lens to about 1.64 in the lower region.

[0431] Fig.27a and 27b The distribution of astigmatism residual in the beam recording of the eyeglass wearer is shown for an eyeglass wearer with a prescription of sphere - 4 dpt, cylinder 2 dpt, axis position 90 degrees. Fig.27a From these figures it can be seen that by using the GRIN material with its special refractive index profile and the design of the free-form surface of such a GRIN progressive spectacle lens, the progressive channel width can be increased even for astigmatic prescriptions, compared to the comparative progressive spectacle lens.

[0432] Figure 27b Shown through Fig.27aCross-section at the center of the progressive channel (y = -4 mm) of the residual astigmatism distribution of 1.5 mm. With the same action lift, a widening of the progressive channel (here defined by the isoastigmatism line 1 dpt) from 4.5 mm to 6 mm, i.e. about 33%, is achieved for the GRIN progressive spectacle lens according to the invention with an astigmatic prescription relative to the comparative progressive spectacle lens with a purely spherical prescription.

[0433] FIG. 28 shows the sagittal height of the back surface of the GRIN progressive spectacle lens of the present invention according to the fifth embodiment with respect to a plane located vertically in front of the horizontal direction in the viewing direction.

[0434] Sixth embodiment

[0435] The following is a simplified diagram showing the important steps of the method for designing a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens of the present invention:

[0436] In a first step, the personal user data or application data of the glasses wearer are detected. This includes detecting (physiological) data that can be associated with the glasses wearer and detecting the conditions of use of the glasses wearer wearing the progressive ophthalmic lenses to be designed.

[0437] Physiological data of the spectacles wearer include, for example, vision defects and accommodation, which are determined by means of refraction measurements and are usually incorporated into the prescription in the form of sphere, cylinder, axis position, prism and base curve as well as addition. In addition, pupil distance and pupil size are determined for example in different light conditions. For example, the age of the spectacles wearer is taken into account, which has an influence on the expected accommodation and pupil size. The pupil distance for different viewing directions and object distances yields the convergence behavior of the eye.

[0438] The conditions of use include the placement of the spectacle lens in front of the eye (usually relative to the eye rotation point) and the distance of objects that the spectacle wearer should see clearly for different viewing directions. The placement of the spectacle wearer in front of the eye can be determined, for example, by detecting the corneal vertex distance, the anteversion and the lateral inclination. These data are incorporated into an object distance model, for which a ray tracing method can be performed.

[0439] In a next step, based on these detected data, a design of the spectacle lens is determined with a plurality of evaluation positions. The design comprises the desired optical properties of the progressive spectacle lens at the respective evaluation positions. The desired properties comprise, for example, the permissible deviations from the prescribed spherical and astigmatic effects taking into account the addition of light (to be precise distributed over the entire progressive spectacle lens), as predetermined by the arrangement of the spectacle lens in front of the eye and the underlying distance model.

[0440] In addition, the design of the surface geometry for the front and back sides and the design of the refractive index distribution over the entire eyeglass are determined. Thus, for example, the front side can be selected as a spherical surface and the back side can be selected as a gradient surface. It is also possible to initially select both surfaces as spherical surfaces. The choice of the surface geometry for the first design generally determines only the convergence (speed and success) of the optimization method used. For example, it should be assumed that the front side should remain in a spherical configuration and the back side should acquire the shape of a gradient surface.

[0441] In a further step, the curve of the main beam is determined by a plurality of evaluation positions of the optical path of the spectacle wearer. If appropriate, a local wavefront can be determined for each of these main beams around the respective main beam.

[0442] In a subsequent step, the above-mentioned optical properties of the ophthalmic lens are obtained at these evaluation positions by determining the influence of the ophthalmic lens on the beam path of the main beam and on the local wavefront around the main beam passing through the respective evaluation position.

[0443] In a further step, the design of the ophthalmic lens is evaluated depending on the obtained optical properties and the personal user data. The back surface and the refractive index profile of the ophthalmic lens design are then modified with respect to minimizing an objective function, where

[0444]

[0445] represents the weight of the optical property n at the evaluation position m, represents the nominal value of the optical property n at the evaluation position m, and represents the actual value of the optical characteristic n at the evaluation position m.

[0446] In other words, the local geometry and the local refractive index of the back surface of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the corresponding visual beam paths passing through these evaluation positions are modified until the termination condition is met.

[0447] Such a GRIN progressive ophthalmic lens designed in the manner of the present invention can then be manufactured according to this design.

Claims

1. A gradient spectacle lens, wherein the gradient spectacle lens has - front and back and - a spatially varying refractive index, where - the front side is formed as a gradual surface and / or the back side is formed as a gradual surface, wherein a gradual surface is defined as a non-rotationally symmetrical surface having a continuous curvature change over the entire surface or a part thereof, in The front side formed as a gradient surface is formed as a free-form surface and / or the back side formed as a gradient surface is formed as a free-form surface, wherein the progressive ophthalmic lens consists of a substrate having no separate layer comprising a front and a back surface and having a spatially varying refractive index and a front coating on the front side of the substrate and / or a back coating on the back side of the substrate, the substrate not having a separate layer comprising a front side and a back surface, the front coating comprising one or more separate layers, the back coating comprising one or more separate layers, It is characterized in that the difference between the spherical equivalent power measured in each point on the front face of the progressive ophthalmic lens with the front coating and / or the back coating and the spherical equivalent power measured in each corresponding point on the front face of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens without the front coating and without the back coating but with the same substrate is less than: (a) 0.001 dpt, or (b) 0.002 dpt, or (c) 0.003 dpt, or (d) 0.004 dpt, At least one of the free-form surfaces has no point symmetry and no axisymmetry, or at least one of the free-form surfaces has no point symmetry and no axisymmetry and no rotational symmetry and no symmetry about a symmetry plane.

2. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: (a) the refractive index varies only in a first spatial dimension and a second spatial dimension and is constant in a third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, or (b) the refractive index varies in a first spatial dimension, a second spatial dimension and a third spatial dimension, wherein in all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension, the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, or (c) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index does not have any point symmetry or axisymmetry at all.

3. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third spatial dimension extends in the following direction in case (a): - does not vary more than 5° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or - does not vary more than 10° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or - does not vary more than 20° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or - does not deviate more than 5° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or - deviates by no more than 10° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or - does not deviate more than 20° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or - differs by no more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector of the front face in the geometrical centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or - differs by no more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector of the front face in the geometrical centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or - differs by no more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector of the front face in the geometrical centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the prism measurement point, or - does not differ by more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector at the prism measurement point, or - does not differ by more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector at the prism measurement point, or - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the midpoint, or - does not differ by more than 10° from the normal vector at the midpoint, or -The direction of the normal vector at the centered point does not differ by more than 20°.

4. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel, and (i) the front face formed as a free-form surface is designed such that the average curvature value is maximum in the progressive channel, and / or (ii) the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the average curvature value is minimum in the progressive channel, or (iii) the back surface has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically aspherical or toric surface geometry, and the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed such that the maximum of the mean curvature value of the front surface lies in the progressive channel, or (iv) the front side has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically aspherical, or toric surface geometry, and the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the mean curvature value of the back side lies in the progressive channel, or (v) the back surface is not formed as a free-form surface, and the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature of the front surface is in a progressive channel, or (vi) The front side is not formed as a free-form surface, and the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back side is in a progressive channel.

5. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel having a width and the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially, so that the width of the progressive channel of the progressive ophthalmic lens is greater at least in one cross section or over the entire length of the progressive channel than the width of the progressive channel of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens having the same equivalent spherical power distribution but with a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

6. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 5, characterized in that: The at least one cross-section is a variant selected from the group consisting of: - horizontal sections, -Cross section under half illumination, -Horizontal section under half-lighting -Horizontal section at half light and horizontal section at 25% light -Horizontal section at half light and horizontal section at 75% light -Horizontal section at half light addition and horizontal section at 25% light addition and horizontal section at 75% light addition.

7. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 5, characterized in that: - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a distance vision component and a near vision component, and the width of the progressive channel corresponds to a dimension of the progressive channel transverse to a longitudinal direction extending between the distance vision component and the near vision component, within which width the value of the residual astigmatism is below a predetermined limit value, (a) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt, or (b) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt, or (c) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt, or (d) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt, or (e) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt, or (f) The limit value is 0.5 dpt.

8. The gradient ophthalmic lens according to claim 6, characterized in that: - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a distance vision component and a near vision component, and the width of the progressive channel corresponds to a dimension of the progressive channel transverse to a longitudinal direction extending between the distance vision component and the near vision component, within which width the value of the residual astigmatism is below a predetermined limit value, (a) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt, or (b) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt, or (c) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt, or (d) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt, or (e) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt, or (f) The limit value is 0.5 dpt.

9. The progressive ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, - the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially so that the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is less than the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of a comparison progressive ophthalmic lens having the same equivalent spherical power distribution but a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the comparison progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

10. The progressive ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, The progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel and a main line of sight, and the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially, so that for a predetermined residual astigmatism value A from the following group 残余，极限 (a) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt (b) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt (c) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt (d) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt (e) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt (f) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 0.5dpt On the horizontal section at the narrowest position of the progressive channel or for the horizontal section passing through the point where half light is achieved on the main line of sight, within the range of 10 mm horizontal distance from the main line of sight on both sides, the following relationship holds true: Wherein the gradient W is the effective gradient of the equivalent spherical power of the progressive spectacle lens at the narrowest position of the progressive channel on the main line of sight or at the point where half light is achieved on the main line of sight, and B is the residual astigmatism A in the progressive spectacle lens. 残余 ≤A 残余，极限 The width of the region, where c is a constant selected from the following group: (e)1.0 <c (f)1.1 <c (g)1.2 <c (h)1.3 <c。 11. A data carrier with a virtual representation of a progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the progressive ophthalmic lens has - front and back and - a spatially varying refractive index, where - the front side is formed as a gradual surface and / or the back side is formed as a gradual surface, wherein a gradual surface is defined as a non-rotationally symmetrical surface having a continuous curvature change over the entire surface or a part thereof, in The front side formed as a gradient surface is formed as a free-form surface and / or the back side formed as a gradient surface is formed as a free-form surface, wherein the progressive ophthalmic lens consists of a substrate having no separate layer comprising a front and a back surface and having a spatially varying refractive index and a front coating on the front side of the substrate and / or a back coating on the back side of the substrate, the substrate not having a separate layer comprising a front side and a back surface, the front coating comprising one or more separate layers, the back coating comprising one or more separate layers, It is characterized in that - the difference between the spherical equivalent power measured in each point on the front face of the progressive ophthalmic lens with the front coating and / or the back coating and the spherical equivalent power measured in each corresponding point on the front face of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens without the front coating and without the back coating but with the same substrate is less than (a) 0.001 dpt, or (b) 0.002 dpt, or (c) 0.003 dpt, or (d) 0.004 dpt, At least one of the free-form surfaces has no point symmetry and no axisymmetry, or at least one of the free-form surfaces has no point symmetry and no axisymmetry and no rotational symmetry and no symmetry about a symmetry plane.

12. The data carrier according to claim 11, characterized in that (a) the refractive index varies only in a first spatial dimension and a second spatial dimension and is constant in a third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, or (b) the refractive index varies in a first spatial dimension, a second spatial dimension and a third spatial dimension, wherein in all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension, the distribution of the refractive index in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, or (c) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, wherein the distribution of the refractive index does not have any point symmetry or axisymmetry at all.

13. The data carrier according to claim 12, characterized in that The third spatial dimension extends in the following direction in case (a): - does not vary more than 5° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or - does not vary more than 10° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or - does not vary more than 20° from the zero viewing direction in normal use, or - does not deviate more than 5° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or - deviates by no more than 10° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or - does not deviate more than 20° from the main viewing direction in normal use, or - differs by no more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector of the front face in the geometrical centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or - differs by no more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector of the front face in the geometrical centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or - differs by no more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector of the front face in the geometrical centre of the progressive ophthalmic lens, or - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the prism measurement point, or - does not differ by more than 10° from the direction of the normal vector at the prism measurement point, or - does not differ by more than 20° from the direction of the normal vector at the prism measurement point, or - does not differ by more than 5° from the direction of the normal vector at the midpoint, or - does not differ by more than 10° from the normal vector at the midpoint, or -The direction of the normal vector at the centered point does not differ by more than 20°.

14. The data carrier according to claim 11, characterized in that The progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel, and (i) the front face formed as a free-form surface is designed such that the average curvature value is maximum in the progressive channel, and / or (ii) the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the average curvature value is minimum in the progressive channel, or (iii) the back surface has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically aspherical or toric surface geometry, and the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed such that the maximum of the mean curvature value of the front surface lies in the progressive channel, or (iv) the front side has a spherical, rotationally symmetrically aspherical, or toric surface geometry, and the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the mean curvature value of the back side lies in the progressive channel, or (v) the back surface is not formed as a free-form surface, and the front surface formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the maximum value of the average curvature of the front surface is in a progressive channel, or (vi) The front side is not formed as a free-form surface, and the back side formed as a free-form surface is designed so that the minimum value of the average curvature value of the back side is in a progressive channel.

15. The data carrier according to claim 11, characterized in that - the data carrier further comprises data on a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer, the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel having a width and the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially, so that the width of the progressive channel of the progressive ophthalmic lens, at least in one cross section or over the entire length of the progressive channel, is greater than the width of the progressive channel of a comparative progressive ophthalmic lens, which has the same equivalent spherical power distribution but a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the comparative progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

16. The data carrier according to claim 15, characterized in that The at least one cross-section is a variant selected from the group consisting of: - horizontal sections, -Cross section under half illumination, -Horizontal section under half-lighting -Horizontal section at half light and horizontal section at 25% light -Horizontal section at half light and horizontal section at 75% light -Horizontal section at half light addition and horizontal section at 25% light addition and horizontal section at 75% light addition.

17. The data carrier according to claim 15, characterized in that - the data carrier further has (v) data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive spectacle lens in front of the eye of a progressive spectacle wearer for whom the progressive spectacle lens is intended, and / or (vi) data on the distribution of the astigmatism effect of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, required for full correction, and / or (vii) data concerning a prescription and an object distance model for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or (viii) data relating to the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a distance vision component and a near vision component, and the width of the progressive channel corresponds to a dimension of the progressive channel transverse to a longitudinal direction extending between the distance vision component and the near vision component, within which width the value of the residual astigmatism is below a predetermined limit value, (a) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt, or (b) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt, or (c) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt, or (d) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt, or (e) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt, or (f) The limit value is 0.5 dpt.

18. The data carrier according to claim 16, characterized in that - the data carrier further has (v) data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive spectacle lens in front of the eye of a progressive spectacle wearer for whom the progressive spectacle lens is intended, and / or (vi) data on the distribution of the astigmatism effect of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, required for full correction, and / or (vii) data concerning a prescription and an object distance model for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or (viii) data relating to the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and - the progressive ophthalmic lens has a distance vision component and a near vision component, and the width of the progressive channel corresponds to a dimension of the progressive channel transverse to a longitudinal direction extending between the distance vision component and the near vision component, within which width the value of the residual astigmatism is below a predetermined limit value, (a) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt, or (b) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt, or (c) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt, or (d) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt, or (e) the limit is within the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt, or (f) The limit value is 0.5 dpt.

19. The data carrier according to claim 11, characterized in that - the data carrier further comprises data on a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer, the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, - the data carrier further has (v) data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive spectacle lens in front of the eye of a progressive spectacle wearer for whom the progressive spectacle lens is intended, and / or (vi) data on the distribution of the astigmatism effect of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, required for full correction, and / or (vii) data concerning a prescription and an object distance model for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or (viii) data relating to the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and - the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially so that the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is less than the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of a comparison progressive ophthalmic lens having the same equivalent spherical power distribution but a spatially constant refractive index in the same arrangement of the comparison progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer.

20. The data carrier according to claim 11, characterized in that - the data carrier further comprises data on a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer, the progressive ophthalmic lens has an equivalent spherical power distribution for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, - the data carrier further has (v) data on the residual astigmatism distribution of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive spectacle lens in front of the eye of a progressive spectacle wearer for whom the progressive spectacle lens is intended, and / or (vi) data on the distribution of the astigmatism effect of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, required for full correction, and / or (vii) data concerning a prescription and an object distance model for a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of a progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and / or (viii) data relating to the distribution of the equivalent spherical power of a predetermined arrangement of the progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer for whom the progressive ophthalmic lens is intended, and The progressive ophthalmic lens has a progressive channel and a main line of sight, and the refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens varies spatially, so that for a predetermined residual astigmatism value A from the following group 残余，极限 (a) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.5 dpt (b) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 1.0 dpt (c) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.75 dpt (d) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.6 dpt (e) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 In the range between 0.25 dpt and 0.5 dpt (f) The residual astigmatism value A 残余，极限 0.5dpt On the horizontal section at the narrowest position of the progressive channel or for the horizontal section passing through the point where half light is achieved on the main line of sight, within the range of 10 mm horizontal distance from the main line of sight on both sides, the following relationship holds true: Wherein the gradient W is the effective gradient of the equivalent spherical power of the progressive spectacle lens at the narrowest position of the progressive channel on the main line of sight or at the point where half light is achieved on the main line of sight, and B is the residual astigmatism A in the progressive spectacle lens. 残余 ≤A 残余，极限 The width of the region, where c is a constant selected from the following group: (e)1.0 <c (f)1.1 <c (g)1.2 <c (h)1.3 <c。 21. A computer-implemented method for designing a progressive ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 10, It is characterized in that - calculating the optical properties of the progressive ophthalmic lens by means of a ray tracing method at a plurality of evaluation positions through which the visual beam passes through the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein - determining at least one nominal optical property of the progressive ophthalmic lens at the corresponding evaluation position, - determining a design of the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the design comprises a representation of the local surface geometry of the progressive face and the local refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the corresponding visual beam paths passing through the evaluation positions, wherein - modifying the design of the progressive ophthalmic lens with respect to at least one rated optical property close to the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the modification comprises modifying a representative of the local surface geometry of the progressive face and the local refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the respective visual beam paths passing through the evaluation positions, wherein the at least one rated optical property comprises a rated residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the modification of the progressive face is performed freely in one or two spatial dimensions and the modification of the local refractive index is performed freely in at least two spatial dimensions.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that - modifying the gradient surface is performed such that a free-form surface is generated, which has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry, and - Modifying the local refractive index is performed as follows, so that (a) the refractive index varies only in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension and remains constant in the third spatial dimension, so that the distribution of the refractive index has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry in the first spatial dimension and the second spatial dimension, or (b) the refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension and in the third spatial dimension, so that the distribution of the refractive index in all planes perpendicular to the third spatial dimension has neither point symmetry nor axis symmetry in the first spatial dimension and in the second spatial dimension, or (c) The refractive index varies in the first spatial dimension, the second spatial dimension and the third spatial dimension, so that the distribution of the refractive index in the progressive ophthalmic lens has no point symmetry and no axis symmetry at all.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that The at least one nominal optical property of the progressive ophthalmic lens (i) from the corresponding nominal optical properties for a progressive ophthalmic lens with a spatially constant refractive index and / or (ii) From the corresponding optical properties of a progressive ophthalmic lens with a spatially invariant refractive index Derived, or Rated residual astigmatism for this progressive ophthalmic lens (i) From the rated residual astigmatism for progressive ophthalmic lenses with a spatially constant refractive index and / or (ii) Residual astigmatism from progressive ophthalmic lenses with spatially constant refractive index Derived.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that In a central intermediate portion between the distance vision component and the near vision component, the at least one nominal optical property of the progressive ophthalmic lens is relative to (i) corresponding nominal optical properties for a progressive ophthalmic lens having a spatially constant refractive index or (ii) Corresponding optical properties of a gradient ophthalmic lens with a spatially invariant refractive index or in the middle portion between the distance vision component and the near vision component, the rated residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is relative to (i) the rated residual astigmatism for a progressive ophthalmic lens with a spatially constant refractive index or (ii) Residual astigmatism of progressive ophthalmic lenses with spatially constant refractive index And decrease.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that In the middle portion between the distance component and the near component, the rated residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is reduced in the area around the main line of sight of the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein the area includes the horizontal distances from both sides of the lower group (a) 5 mm from the main line of sight (b) 10 mm from the main line of sight (c) 20 mm from the main line of sight.

26. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that In making the objective function Minimize the aspects of modifying the design of the progressive ophthalmic lens, wherein represents the weight of the optical property n at the evaluation position m, represents the nominal value of the optical property n at the evaluation position m, and represents the actual value of the optical characteristic n at the evaluation position m.

27. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that A set residual astigmatism is predetermined for at least one evaluation position, which is smaller than the residual astigmatism theoretically achievable at the at least one corresponding evaluation position in the case of a contrast progressive spectacle lens, which has the same equivalent spherical power distribution and the same arrangement of the contrast progressive spectacle lens in front of the eye of the wearer of the progressive spectacle lens but has a spatially constant refractive index, and the modification of the representative of the local surface geometry of the progressive surface and the local refractive index of the progressive spectacle lens in the corresponding visual beam paths through these evaluation positions is terminated only when the residual astigmatism achieved for the designed progressive spectacle lens at the at least one evaluation position is smaller than the residual astigmatism theoretically achievable at the at least one corresponding evaluation position in the case of the contrast progressive spectacle lens.

28. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that Modification of the representative of the local surface geometry of the progressive surface and the local refractive index of the progressive ophthalmic lens in the corresponding visual beam path passing through the evaluation positions is carried out under the following premise: the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of the progressive ophthalmic lens is smaller than the maximum value of the residual astigmatism of a comparison progressive ophthalmic lens, which has the same equivalent spherical power distribution and the same arrangement of the comparison progressive ophthalmic lens in front of the eye of the progressive ophthalmic lens wearer but has a spatially constant refractive index.

29. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that When designing the progressive spectacle lens, a progressive spectacle lens is obtained corresponding to the progressive spectacle lens according to one of claims 1 to 10, or the design of the progressive spectacle lens is carried out under the following precondition: a progressive spectacle lens is produced corresponding to the progressive spectacle lens according to one of claims 1 to 10.

30. A computer-readable medium carrying a computer program having a program code for executing all the method steps according to one of claims 21 to 29 when the computer program is loaded on a computer and / or is run on a computer.

31. Method for producing a progressive ophthalmic lens according to one of claims 1 to 10 or a progressive ophthalmic lens designed using a method according to one of claims 21 to 29, the production being carried out by an additive method.

32. A method for manufacturing a progressive ophthalmic lens, comprising the method according to one of claims 21 to 29 and manufacturing the progressive ophthalmic lens according to the design.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that The progressive ophthalmic lens is produced by an additive method.

34. A computer having a processor and a memory, on which a computer program is stored and configured to perform the method according to one of claims 21 to 29 when the computer program is executed in the computer.

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