Recycling system and recycling method, recycling method and vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a recycling system and recycling method, a recycling method, and a vehicle. The fuel cell recycling system includes a fuel cell and an adsorption recovery mechanism. The adsorption recovery mechanism includes a container, a recovery port, and an exhaust port connected to the container. The container is filled with a hydrogen storage material for adsorbing and desorbing hydrogen. The recovery port is connected to the gas outlet of the fuel cell. The exhaust port is connected to the gas inlet of the fuel cell, so that the adsorption recovery mechanism and the fuel cell are connected via a pipeline to form a hydrogen recovery circuit. The fuel cell recycling system provided by the present invention realizes the recovery and utilization of hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell, avoids the energy waste caused by direct hydrogen discharge, and reduces the safety risks caused by direct discharge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen recovery of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a recycling system and a recycling method, a recycling method and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a chemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. Because fuel cells convert the Gibbs free energy portion of the fuel's chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, they are not restricted by the Carnot cycle effect and have a high energy conversion rate. Furthermore, the reaction product of fuel cells that use hydrogen as fuel is water, which is environmentally friendly and can theoretically achieve zero pollution emissions.

[0003] The fuel cells of fuel cell vehicles will emit hydrogen during use, such as startup purge, shutdown purge, and normal exhaust. Currently, the hydrogen-containing mixed gas emitted by the fuel cell is directly discharged into the atmosphere in the form of exhaust gas, causing waste; at the same time, excessively high hydrogen concentrations are directly discharged into the atmosphere, which can easily cause safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell recycling and utilization system and a recycling and utilization method, which realizes the recovery and utilization of hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell, avoids the energy waste caused by direct emission of hydrogen, and reduces the safety risks caused by direct emission.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell recycling system, comprising:

[0007] fuel cells;

[0008] An adsorption recovery mechanism, comprising a container and a recovery port and an exhaust port connected to the container, wherein the container is filled with a hydrogen storage material for adsorbing and desorbing hydrogen, and the recovery port is connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell;

[0009] The exhaust port is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell, so that the adsorption recovery mechanism is connected to the fuel cell through a pipeline to form a hydrogen recovery and utilization loop.

[0010] In some embodiments, the hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit also includes a first switching valve and a bypass line connected in parallel with the adsorption recovery mechanism, the first switching valve is connected between the gas outlet of the fuel cell and the recovery port; the first switching valve is an electrically controlled three-way valve, and one of the channels of the first switching valve is connected to the bypass line to open the bypass line when the adsorption recovery mechanism desorbs hydrogen.

[0011] In some embodiments, the hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit also includes a second switching valve and a tail exhaust pipeline, the second switching valve is connected between the air inlet and the exhaust port of the fuel cell; the second switching valve is an electrically controlled three-way valve, and one of the channels of the second switching valve is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline to open the tail exhaust pipeline when the adsorption recovery mechanism adsorbs hydrogen.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a controller and a concentration sensor for detecting hydrogen concentration, the concentration sensor is disposed in the container, and the controller is electrically connected to the concentration sensor.

[0013] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a first pressure sensor disposed in the container, and the first pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0014] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a heater for heating the hydrogen storage material and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen storage material, and both the heater and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0015] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a second pressure sensor for detecting an air inlet pressure of the fuel cell.

[0016] In some embodiments, the hydrogen recovery circuit further includes a drying mechanism located between the exhaust port of the fuel cell and the recovery port.

[0017] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a hydrogen storage component and a hydrogenation pipe connected to the gas port of the hydrogen storage component, and the recovery port and the gas inlet of the fuel cell are both connected to the gas port of the hydrogen storage component.

[0018] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a pressure reducing valve disposed between the hydrogen storage component and the air inlet of the fuel cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling and utilization system also includes a third switching valve and a replacement recovery pipeline connected to the recovery port, the third switching valve is connected between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component and the gas inlet of the fuel cell, the third switching valve is an electrically controlled three-way valve, and one of the channels of the third switching valve is connected to the replacement recovery pipeline so that the adsorption recovery mechanism adsorbs hydrogen during hydrogen replacement.

[0020] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a third pressure sensor for detecting the gas pressure of the gas port of the hydrogen storage component.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle comprising the aforementioned fuel cell recycling system.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen recovery and utilization method applied to the aforementioned fuel cell recovery and utilization system, comprising:

[0023] Obtaining the pressure P, temperature T, and hydrogen concentration X within the adsorption recovery mechanism;

[0024] When the concentration X is X1≤X≤X2, the pressure P is P1≤P≤P2, and the temperature T is T1≤T≤T2, the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is discharged into the adsorption recovery mechanism so that hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material until the concentration X is X1'≤X≤X2'; wherein X2<X1', X1, X2, X1', X2'P1, P2, T1 and T2 are all set values;

[0025] The hydrogen adsorbed in the hydrogen storage material is desorbed, and the desorbed hydrogen is introduced into the fuel cell.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen recovery method applied to the aforementioned fuel cell recycling system, comprising:

[0027] (1) adding hydrogen to a hydrogen storage member containing an inert gas through a hydrogenation pipe, obtaining a gas pressure P0 at a gas port of the hydrogen storage member, stopping hydrogenation when the gas pressure P0 is P0 ≥ P4, and discharging a mixed gas containing hydrogen and inert gas in the hydrogen storage member into an adsorption recovery mechanism, so that hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material, and exhausting the gas until the gas pressure P0 is P0 ≤ P3, wherein P4> P3, and P3 and P4 are both set values;

[0028] (2) Repeat step (1) until the purity of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage element reaches the target value, and stop adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage element.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0030] The fuel cell recycling system provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a fuel cell and an adsorption recovery mechanism, the adsorption recovery mechanism includes a container and a recovery port and an exhaust port connected to the container, the container is filled with a hydrogen storage material for adsorbing and desorbing hydrogen, the recovery port is connected to the gas outlet of the fuel cell; wherein the exhaust port is connected to the gas inlet of the fuel cell, so that the adsorption recovery mechanism and the fuel cell are connected through a pipeline to form a hydrogen recovery circuit. The gas containing hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell during use enters the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism, the hydrogen is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism, and the remaining gas is discharged from the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism, thereby recovering the hydrogen generated during the use of the fuel cell into the adsorption recovery mechanism; the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism is connected to the gas inlet of the fuel cell, so that the hydrogen absorbed by the hydrogen storage material can be desorbed and sent to the fuel cell for use, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the hydrogen discharged by the fuel cell, avoiding the energy waste caused by direct hydrogen emission, and reducing the safety risks caused by direct emission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell recycling system according to the first embodiment is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram showing the recovery path of hydrogen exhausted from a fuel cell.

[0033] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen utilization path is shown.

[0034] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram showing the recovery path of hydrogen from gas replacement in a hydrogen storage component is shown.

[0035] Figure 5 The figure shows the process steps of the hydrogen recovery and utilization method of Example 3.

[0036] Figure 6 The process steps of the hydrogen recovery method of Example 4 are shown.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 100-hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit, 11-fuel cell, 12-adsorption recovery mechanism, 13-first switching valve, 14-bypass pipeline, 15-second switching valve, 16-tail exhaust pipeline, 17-drying mechanism, 18-concentration sensor, 19-first pressure sensor, 20-heater, 21-temperature sensor, 22-second pressure sensor, 23-hydrogenation pipe, 24-third switching valve, 25-displacement recovery pipeline, 26-third pressure sensor, 27-pressure reducing valve, 28-hydrogen storage component, 29-check valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to enable those skilled in the art to which this application belongs to understand this application more clearly, the technical solution of this application is described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Fuel cells emit hydrogen during use, such as during startup purge, shutdown purge, and normal exhaust. Currently, the hydrogen-containing mixed gas emitted by fuel cells is directly discharged into the atmosphere in the form of exhaust gas, causing waste; at the same time, excessively high concentrations of hydrogen directly discharged into the atmosphere can easily cause safety risks.

[0041] In order to solve the above-mentioned energy waste caused by direct hydrogen emissions and the safety risks caused by emissions, the embodiments of the present application provide a recycling system and recycling method, a recycling method and a vehicle.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] An embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell recycling and utilization system, which is installed in a fuel cell vehicle and is an on-board recycling and utilization system. It recycles hydrogen discharged during the use of the fuel cell, such as startup purge, shutdown purge, and normal exhaust, through an adsorption recovery mechanism, thereby avoiding energy waste caused by direct hydrogen emissions and reducing the safety risks caused by direct emissions.

[0044] See also Figures 1 to 4 The fuel cell recycling system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a fuel cell 11 and an adsorption recovery mechanism 12. The adsorption recovery mechanism 12 includes a container and a recovery port and an exhaust port connected to the container. The container is filled with a hydrogen storage material for adsorbing and desorbing hydrogen. The recovery port is connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell 11. The exhaust port is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell 11, so that the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the fuel cell 11 are connected through a pipeline to form a hydrogen recovery circuit 100. The gas containing hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell 11 during use enters the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. The hydrogen is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and the remaining gas is discharged from the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. In this way, the hydrogen generated during the use of the fuel cell 11 is recovered into the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. The exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell 11, so that the hydrogen absorbed by the hydrogen storage material can be desorbed and sent to the fuel cell 11 for use, thereby realizing the utilization of hydrogen.

[0045] In some embodiments, the hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit 100 also includes a first switching valve 13 and a bypass line 14 connected to the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and the first switching valve 13 is connected between the gas outlet and the recovery port of the fuel cell 11; the first switching valve 13 is an electrically controlled three-way valve, and one of the channels of the first switching valve 13 is connected to the bypass line 14 to open the bypass line 14 when the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 desorbs hydrogen. The first switching valve 13 can control the connecting passage to switch between the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and between the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the bypass pipe 14. Specifically: when the hydrogen adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is supplied to the fuel cell 11 as a hydrogen source, the passage between the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is cut off, the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the bypass pipe 14 are connected, and the gas discharged from the fuel cell 11 is discharged to the bypass pipe 14; when the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 adsorbs hydrogen, the passage between the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the bypass pipe 14 is cut off, and the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 are connected.

[0046] In some embodiments, the hydrogen recovery circuit 100 further includes a second switching valve 15 and a tail exhaust line 16. The second switching valve 15 is connected between the air inlet and the exhaust port of the fuel cell 11. The second switching valve 15 is an electrically controlled three-way valve, and one of its channels is connected to the tail exhaust line 16 to open the tail exhaust line 16 when the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 adsorbs hydrogen. The tail exhaust line 16 can discharge the remaining gas after the hydrogen storage material adsorbs hydrogen, and can also discharge the gas discharged during the use of the fuel cell 11. The second switching valve 15 can control the connecting passage to switch between the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 and the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the tail exhaust pipe 16. Specifically: when the hydrogen adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is supplied to the fuel cell 11 as a hydrogen source, the passage between the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the tail exhaust pipe 16 is cut off, and the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 are connected; when the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 adsorbs hydrogen, the passage between the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 is cut off, and the passage between the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the tail exhaust pipe 16 is connected, so as to discharge other gases after the hydrogen in the gas is adsorbed to the tail exhaust pipe 16. The bypass line 14 is connected in parallel to the second switching valve 15 and communicates with a tail exhaust line 16, which in turn communicates with the outside world. This allows both the gas exhausted by the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 during hydrogen adsorption and the gas exhausted by the fuel cell 11 during hydrogen desorption to be discharged through the tail exhaust line 16. Furthermore, the second switching valve 15 can also control its opening to adjust the pressure within the container of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, thereby adjusting the hydrogen adsorption or desorption capacity of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12.

[0047] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a controller and a concentration sensor 18 for detecting hydrogen concentration. The concentration sensor 18 is disposed in a container, and the controller is electrically connected to the concentration sensor 18. The concentration sensor 18 can detect the hydrogen concentration in the container of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, thereby determining the adsorption and desorption conditions of the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. Specifically, when the hydrogen concentration X is X1≤X≤X2, it indicates that hydrogen desorption has been completed in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and hydrogen adsorption can be performed again. When the hydrogen concentration X is X1'≤X≤X2', it indicates that the hydrogen storage material is saturated with hydrogen adsorption and can no longer adsorb hydrogen, and hydrogen desorption can be performed. Wherein X2<X1', X1, X2, X1', and X2' are all set values. The above-mentioned X1≤X≤X2 can be understood as the concentration range of the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 after desorption of hydrogen, and X1'≤X≤X2' can be understood as the concentration range of the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 at which adsorption is saturated.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a first pressure sensor 19 disposed within the container, and the first pressure sensor 19 is electrically connected to the controller. The hydrogen storage material's ability to adsorb and desorb hydrogen is related to the pressure at which it is exposed. For example, when the hydrogen storage material is Mg2Cu, the adsorption capacity of Mg2Cu is high when the pressure is high, for example, when the pressure P within the container is 1 MPa, and the desorption capacity of Mg2Cu is high when the pressure is low, for example, when the pressure P within the container is ≤ 0.15 MPa. The pressure in the container of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 detected by the first pressure sensor 19 can be used to determine whether the hydrogen storage material has reached an optimal adsorption or desorption pressure. Specifically, when the pressure P is P1≤P≤P2, it is the optimal pressure for the hydrogen storage material to adsorb hydrogen, and the hydrogen adsorption process can be carried out at this time; when the pressure P is P1'≤P≤P2', it is the optimal pressure for the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen, and the hydrogen desorption process can be carried out at this time; wherein, P2'<P1, P1, P2, P1' and P2' are all set values, and the specific values ​​of P1, P2, P1' and P2' are determined according to the selection of hydrogen storage materials and are not limited here.

[0049] In some embodiments, the fuel cell 11 recycling system further includes a heater 20 for heating the hydrogen storage material, and the heater 20 is electrically connected to the controller. Hydrogen storage materials include organic solutions, metal hydrides, non-metallic hydrides, and metal-organic framework materials. Among them, a large category of metal hydrides is hydrides formed by intermetallic compounds. Intermetallic compounds are generally composed of rare earth or transition elements with strong hydrogen absorption and weak hydrogen absorption elements. At low temperatures, the hydrogen storage material has a strong hydrogen adsorption capacity and a weak hydrogen desorption capacity. For example, the hydrogen storage material Mg2Cu has a strong hydrogen adsorption capacity at a temperature of 150°C. At high temperatures, the hydrogen storage material has a weak hydrogen adsorption capacity and a strong hydrogen desorption capacity. For example, the hydrogen storage material Mg2Cu has a strong hydrogen desorption capacity at 200°C. Specifically, when the temperature T is T1 ≤ T ≤ T2, the hydrogen storage material has a better ability to adsorb hydrogen. When the temperature T is T1' ≤ T ≤ T2', the hydrogen storage material has a better ability to desorb hydrogen. T1, T2, T1', and T2' are all set values, and T2 < T1'. The specific values ​​of T1, T2, T1', and T2' are determined by the selection of the hydrogen storage material and are not limited here. Heater 20 can be used to heat and adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage material, thereby adjusting the adsorption or desorption of hydrogen by the hydrogen storage material. Specifically, when the hydrogen adsorbed in the hydrogen storage material is needed, the temperature of the hydrogen storage material can be increased to desorb the adsorbed hydrogen and supply it to the fuel cell 11. When hydrogen recovery is needed, heater 20 can be adjusted to lower the temperature of the hydrogen storage material to adsorb hydrogen from the exhaust gas, thereby achieving hydrogen recovery. Heater 20 can be a heating wire or a heating coil, etc. The details of heater 20 can be referred to the prior art and are not limited here.

[0050] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a temperature sensor 21 for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen storage material, and the temperature sensor 21 is electrically connected to the controller. The temperature sensor 21 is used to detect the temperature of the hydrogen storage material to determine whether the hydrogen storage material is at the optimal temperature for desorbing or adsorbing hydrogen, so as to adjust the heater 20 as needed. When it is necessary to utilize the hydrogen adsorbed in the hydrogen storage material, if the temperature sensor 21 detects that the temperature of the hydrogen storage material is low, the heater 20 can be used to heat the hydrogen storage material to facilitate the desorption of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage material; when it is necessary to recover hydrogen, if the temperature sensor 21 detects that the temperature of the hydrogen storage material is high, the heater 20 can be adjusted to lower the temperature of the hydrogen storage material.

[0051] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a second pressure sensor 22 for detecting the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11. By detecting the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11 through the second pressure sensor 22, it can be determined whether the hydrogen supply pressure meets the usage requirements. For example, when the hydrogen adsorbed in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is used as a hydrogen source to supply the fuel cell 11, if the second pressure sensor 22 detects that the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the operating pressure, the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 can stop desorbing hydrogen.

[0052] In some embodiments, the hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit 100 further includes a drying mechanism 17 located between the exhaust port and the recovery port of the fuel cell 11. The gas exhausted by the fuel cell 11 contains moisture, and the drying mechanism 17 can dry the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 11. The drying mechanism 17 can be a gas-water separator, and a breathable and water-impermeable membrane can be provided inside to achieve gas-water separation. The specific content of the drying mechanism 17 can be disclosed in the prior art and is not limited here. The drying mechanism 17 is provided between the exhaust port of the fuel cell 11 and the first switching valve 13. The first switching valve 13 can control the communication passage to switch between the gas outlet of the drying mechanism 17 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and between the gas outlet of the drying mechanism 17 and the bypass line 14.

[0053] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a hydrogen storage element 28 and a hydrogenation pipe 23 connected to the gas port of the hydrogen storage element 28. The recycling port and the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 are both connected to the gas port of the hydrogen storage element 28. During vehicle use, the hydrogen storage element 28 may need to be replaced. A new hydrogen storage element 28 contains inert gas, which needs to be replaced with hydrogen. This replacement process is performed multiple times, and the discharged mixed gas contains a large amount of hydrogen. The hydrogenation pipe 23 is used to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage member 28 to replace the inert gas in the hydrogen storage member 28. The new hydrogen storage member 28 stores inert gas. The hydrogen storage member 28 after the hydrogen replaces the inert gas is used to store hydrogen. The gas port of the hydrogen storage member 28 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 to deliver the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage member 28 to the fuel cell 11 for use; the gas port of the hydrogen storage member 28 is connected to the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and the hydrogen discharged during the process of replacing the inert gas in the hydrogen storage member 28 can be recovered. The hydrogen storage member 28 can be a hydrogen bottle, a gas cylinder, etc. The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage member 28 can be solid, liquid or gaseous. When the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage member 28 is gaseous, the hydrogen storage member 28 is generally called a hydrogen bottle, and its nominal pressure is 35MPa or 70MPa. In addition, when the second pressure sensor 22 detects that the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the working pressure, the hydrogen storage component 28 can be used to provide a hydrogen source for the fuel cell 11 while stopping the desorption process of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. In some embodiments, the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 is provided with a valve. The valve is a bottle valve installed at the mouth of the hydrogen bottle in the prior art. The bottle valve is an integrated valve. A one-way pressure valve and a solenoid valve are integrated in the bottle valve. The one-way pressure valve can be connected to the hydrogen filling pipe 23 and is used to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage component 28. The one-way pressure valve can automatically open under the pressure of hydrogen, allowing external hydrogen, such as hydrogen from a hydrogen filling station, to enter the hydrogen storage component 28, but the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28 cannot be discharged through the one-way pressure valve; the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the controller, and the opening and closing of the solenoid valve can realize the hydrogen discharge or non-discharge of the bottle valve. Other contents of the bottle valve can also refer to the prior art disclosure, and other valves with hydrogen filling and hydrogen discharge functions can also be selected, which are not limited here.

[0054] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a pressure reducing valve 27 disposed between the hydrogen storage element 28 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11. A filter may also be integrated into the hydrogenation pipe 23 to filter the added hydrogen and prevent impurities from entering the hydrogen storage element 28. Since the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage element 28 is high-pressure hydrogen, while the hydrogen used in the fuel cell 11 is low-pressure hydrogen, the pressure reducing valve 27 is provided to convert the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage element 28 into low-pressure hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell 11. For the fuel cell, the pressure reducing valve 27 can reduce the gas pressure to approximately 1 MPa; the pressure reducing valve 27 is connected to the second switching valve 15.

[0055] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a third switching valve 24 and a replacement recovery pipeline 25 connected to the recovery port. The third switching valve 24 is connected between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11. The third switching valve 24 is an electrically controlled three-way valve. One of the channels of the third switching valve 24 is connected to the replacement recovery pipeline 25, so that the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 adsorbs hydrogen during hydrogen replacement. The third switching valve 24 can control the connection passage to switch between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11, the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25, and the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25. Specifically: when recovering hydrogen from the mixed gas containing inert gas and hydrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28, the connection passage between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 and the connection passage between the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 are cut off, and the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 are connected; during adsorption recovery When the hydrogen storage material in the collecting mechanism 12 desorbs hydrogen, the communication channel between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 and the communication channel between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 are cut off, and the communication channel between the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 is connected; when the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28 is used as a hydrogen source, the communication channel between the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 and the communication channel between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 are cut off, and the communication channel between the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 and the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11 is connected. The second switching valve 15 is connected to the gas port of the third switching valve 24 and the hydrogen storage component 28 to connect the passage between the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the third switching valve 24 when hydrogen is desorbed. At this time, the fuel cell recycling system also includes a one-way valve 29, the input end of the one-way valve 29 is connected to the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and the output end of the one-way valve 29 is respectively connected to the third switching valve 24 and the pressure reducing valve 27 to prevent the low-pressure pipeline gas at the rear end of the pressure reducing valve 27 from flowing back from the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 to the adsorption recovery mechanism 12.

[0056] In some embodiments, the fuel cell recycling system further includes a third pressure sensor 26 for detecting the gas pressure at the gas port of the hydrogen storage element 28. The gas pressure at the gas port of the hydrogen storage element 28 detected by the third pressure sensor 26 can be used to determine whether to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage element 28 or to discharge hydrogen from the hydrogen storage element 28. Specifically, when the gas port pressure P0 of the hydrogen storage element 28 is P0≤P3, hydrogen is added to the hydrogen storage element 28 through the hydrogen addition port. When the gas port pressure P0 of the hydrogen storage element 28 is P0≥P4, hydrogen addition is stopped, where P4>P3, and P3 and P4 are both set values. P3 can be understood as the pressure after a large amount of gas in the hydrogen storage bottle is discharged. For example, P4 can be 5MPa, 10MPa, or other set pressures to reduce the number of replacements and improve replacement efficiency.

[0057] Taking the start-up of the fuel cell 11 to purge and replace the nitrogen in the hydrogen storage element 28 with hydrogen as an example, the working principle of the fuel cell recycling system provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0058] See also Figure 2 , purging hydrogen recovery: control the third switching valve 24 to connect the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 with the gas inlet of the fuel cell 11, control the first switching valve 13 to connect the gas outlet of the fuel cell 11 with the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, control the second switching valve 15 to connect the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 with the tail exhaust pipe 16, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle enters the fuel cell 11 through the pressure reducing valve 27 and the third switching valve 24, and the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 11 after purging enters the container of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material, and the remaining gas is discharged to the tail exhaust pipe 16 and can be discharged to the atmosphere;

[0059] See also Figure 3 , hydrogen utilization: control the second switching valve 15 and the third switching valve 24, connect the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the third switching valve 24 to the air inlet of the fuel cell 11, control the first switching valve 13, connect the air outlet of the fuel cell 11 and the bypass line 14, the hydrogen adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 enters the fuel cell 11 under the action of the second switching valve 15 and the third switching valve 24, the gas discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell 11 enters the bypass line 14 and is discharged along the tail exhaust line 16.

[0060] See also Figure 4 , hydrogen recovery in the process of hydrogen replacing nitrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28: hydrogen is added to the hydrogen storage component 28 containing nitrogen through the hydrogenation pipe 23, the third switching valve 24 is controlled to connect the gas port of the hydrogen storage component 28 with the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the second switching valve 15 is controlled to connect the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 with the tail exhaust pipe 16, the solenoid valve in the bottle valve of the hydrogen storage component 28 is opened, and the mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28 passes through the pressure reducing valve 27 and the third switching valve 24 in turn and enters the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the hydrogen is adsorbed in the hydrogen storage material, and the nitrogen is discharged from the tail exhaust pipe 16; the above operation is repeated until the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen storage component 28 reaches the target value.

[0061] The fuel cell recycling and utilization system provided in the embodiment of the present application is installed on a fuel cell vehicle without changing the function of the original hydrogen storage system. The adsorption recovery mechanism 12 recycles the hydrogen discharged during the use of the fuel cell 11, such as startup purge, shutdown purge and normal exhaust, thereby avoiding energy waste caused by direct hydrogen emission and reducing the safety risks caused by direct emission. The system can also recycle the hydrogen in the inert gas replacement process of the new hydrogen cylinder, which is simple to operate and easy to promote.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Based on the same inventive concept as the aforementioned embodiment 1, the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, which is installed in the fuel cell recycling and utilization system of the aforementioned embodiment 1, and can realize the recovery and utilization of hydrogen during the use of the fuel cell, and can also realize the recovery and utilization of hydrogen during the inert gas replacement process in the new hydrogen storage component.

[0064] The vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the fuel cell recycling system of the aforementioned embodiment 1.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] Based on the same inventive concept as the aforementioned embodiment 1, the embodiment of the present application also provides a hydrogen recovery and utilization method, which is applied to the fuel cell recovery and utilization system of the aforementioned embodiment 1. Through this recovery and utilization method, the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the fuel cell can be sent to an adsorption recovery mechanism for recovery. The recovered hydrogen can be used as a hydrogen source to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell, thereby realizing hydrogen recovery and utilization of the fuel cell system.

[0067] See also Figure 5 The hydrogen recovery and utilization method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes:

[0068] S31, obtaining the pressure P, temperature T and hydrogen concentration X in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12;

[0069] The hydrogen storage material's ability to adsorb and desorb hydrogen is related to the pressure at which it is located. When the pressure is high, the hydrogen storage material's desorption capacity is strong and its adsorption capacity is weak. When the pressure is low, the hydrogen storage material's adsorption capacity is strong and its desorption capacity is weak. The hydrogen storage material has a strong hydrogen adsorption capacity and a weak hydrogen desorption capacity at low temperatures, and a weak hydrogen adsorption capacity and a strong hydrogen desorption capacity at high temperatures. When the hydrogen concentration within the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is high, it indicates that the hydrogen storage material is saturated with hydrogen adsorption and can no longer adsorb hydrogen, and a hydrogen desorption operation can be performed. When the hydrogen concentration within the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is low, such as when it reaches the desorption value, it indicates that hydrogen desorption within the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is complete and hydrogen adsorption can resume. When the hydrogen concentration within the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is high, it indicates that the hydrogen storage material is saturated with hydrogen adsorption and can proceed to a dehydrogenation operation. Pressure P can be obtained via the first pressure sensor 19, and temperature T can be obtained via the temperature sensor 21. Temperature T can also be obtained via the concentration sensor 18.

[0070] S32. When the concentration X is X1≤X≤X2, the pressure P is P1≤P≤P2, and the temperature T is T1≤T≤T2, the exhaust gas from the fuel cell 11 is discharged into the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 so that the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material until the concentration X is X1'≤X≤X2'; wherein X2<X1', and X1, X2, X1', X2', P1, P2, T1, and T2 are all set values;

[0071] When the concentration X is X1≤X≤X2, that is, when the hydrogen concentration in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is low, the hydrogen storage material has adsorption capacity and can continue the hydrogen adsorption operation. When the pressure P is P1≤P≤P2, that is, when the pressure is relatively low, the hydrogen storage material has a relatively strong adsorption capacity. When the temperature T is T1≤T≤T2, that is, when the temperature is relatively low, the hydrogen storage material has a relatively strong hydrogen adsorption capacity and can adsorb and recover hydrogen from the mixed gas. More specifically, when X1≤X≤X2, P1≤P≤P2, and T1≤T≤T2, the first switching valve 13 is controlled to connect the drying mechanism 17 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and the second switching valve 15 is controlled to connect the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the tail exhaust pipe 16.

[0072] Furthermore, when the concentration X is X1 ≤ X ≤ X2, but the pressure P is outside the range of P1 ≤ P ≤ P2, and the temperature T is outside the range of T1 ≤ T ≤ T2, the pressure within the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 can be adjusted to P1 ≤ P ≤ P2 by adjusting the second switching valve 15. The temperature T can be adjusted to the range of T1 ≤ T ≤ T2 by adjusting the heater 20. This allows the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 to have optimal hydrogen adsorption conditions and improve hydrogen adsorption efficiency. When the hydrogen concentration X is X1' ≤ X ≤ X2', the hydrogen storage material reaches saturation and has no adsorption capacity, thus completing the hydrogen adsorption step. At this point, the hydrogen storage material can be used as a hydrogen source to desorb hydrogen for use in the fuel cell 11.

[0073] S33 , desorbing the hydrogen adsorbed in the hydrogen storage material, and passing the desorbed hydrogen into the fuel cell 11 .

[0074] This step realizes the utilization of recovered hydrogen. Specifically, when the pressure P is P1'≤P≤P2' and the temperature T is T1'≤T≤T2', it is the optimal pressure for the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen, and the hydrogen desorption process can be carried out at this time; if the pressure P is not in the range of P1'≤P≤P2', the pressure in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 can be adjusted to P1'≤P≤P2' by adjusting the second switching valve 15. If the temperature T is not in the range of T1'≤T≤T2', the temperature is adjusted by the heater 20 to adjust the temperature T to the range of T1'≤T≤T2', so that the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 has better hydrogen desorption conditions and improves the hydrogen desorption efficiency. Among them, P2'<P1, P1' and P2' are both set values.

[0075] In addition to the hydrogen concentration in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the judgment condition for the end of hydrogen desorption by the hydrogen storage material may also consider the pressure at the air inlet of the fuel cell 11. When the pressure at the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the working pressure of the fuel cell 11, the desorption of hydrogen ends. The hydrogen concentration and the pressure at the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 can be used as conditions for simultaneously judging the end of desorption, or one of them can be selected. There is no restriction here.

[0076] The concentration of hydrogen in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is used to determine whether the hydrogen in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is adsorbed saturated or desorbed completely, thereby determining whether the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is used as a gas source for the fuel cell 11 or the hydrogen storage component 28 is used as a gas source for the fuel cell 11.

[0077] In addition, in order to ensure that there are no impurities in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the container of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 can be purged before using the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 for recovery. Specifically, the solenoid valve in the bottle valve is opened, the third switching valve 24 is controlled, the pressure reducing valve 27 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 are connected, the second switching valve 15 is controlled, the exhaust port and the tail exhaust pipeline 16 of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 are connected, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28 is discharged in turn along the pressure reducing valve 27, the third switching valve 24, the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the second switching valve 15 and the tail exhaust pipeline 16. After a period of time, the solenoid valve in the bottle valve is closed to end the purging.

[0078] The working principle of the hydrogen recovery and utilization method provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0079] 1. Container purge of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12: open the solenoid valve in the bottle valve of the hydrogen storage component 28, control the third switching valve 24, connect the pressure reducing valve 27 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, control the second switching valve 15, connect the exhaust port and the tail exhaust pipe 16 of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, control the third switching valve 24, cut off all channels where the third switching valve 24 is located, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage component 28 is discharged along the pressure reducing valve 27, the third switching valve 24, the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, the second switching valve 15 and the tail exhaust pipe 16 in turn. After a period of time, close the solenoid valve in the bottle valve to end the purge.

[0080] 2. Hydrogen recovery: open the solenoid valve in the bottle valve, control the second switching valve 15, connect the pressure reducing valve 27 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11, control the second switching valve 15, connect the exhaust port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 and the tail exhaust pipe 16; obtain the pressure P, temperature T and hydrogen concentration X in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and when the concentration X is X1≤X≤X2, the pressure P is P1≤P≤P2, and the temperature T is T1≤T≤T2, control the first switching valve 13 to connect the drying mechanism 17 and the recovery port of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, and discharge the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 11 into the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, so that the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material until the gas pressure at the air inlet of the fuel cell 11 is lower than the set working pressure and the hydrogen concentration reaches the hydrogen desorption value.

[0081] 3. Hydrogen utilization: Obtain the pressure P, temperature T and hydrogen concentration X in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. When the concentration X is X1'≤X≤X2', the hydrogen storage material reaches saturation in adsorption and can be used as a hydrogen source to desorb hydrogen. When the pressure P is P1'≤P≤P2' and the temperature T is T1'≤T≤T2', it is the optimal pressure for the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen. Close the solenoid valve in the bottle valve, control the third switching valve 24, connect the one-way valve 29 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11, control the first switching valve 13, connect the drying mechanism 17 and the bypass line 14, and the desorbed hydrogen in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 passes through the second switching valve 15, the one-way valve 29, and the third switching valve 24 in sequence into the fuel cell 11, and is discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell 11 to the drying mechanism 17, the first switching valve 13 and the bypass line 14, and then discharged to the outside. If the pressure P is not in the range of P1'≤P≤P2', adjust the second switching valve 15 to adjust the pressure in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 to P1'≤P≤P2'. If the temperature T is not in the range of T1'≤T≤T2', adjust the temperature through the heater 20 to adjust the temperature T to the range of T1'≤T≤T2', then close the solenoid valve in the bottle valve, control the third switching valve 24, connect the one-way valve 29 and the air inlet of the fuel cell 11, control the first switching valve 13, connect the drying mechanism 17 and the bypass line 14, and the hydrogen in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is desorbed through the second switching valve 15, the one-way valve 29, and the third switching valve 24 in turn to enter the fuel cell 11, and is discharged from the outlet of the fuel cell 11 to the drying mechanism 17, the first switching valve 13 and the bypass line 14, and then discharged to the outside.

[0082] The hydrogen recovery and utilization method provided in the embodiment of the present application determines whether the hydrogen storage material in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 has reached saturation or desorption based on the concentration X of hydrogen in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12. If the hydrogen storage material has reached saturation, the hydrogen in the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 is desorbed and supplied to the fuel cell 11 for use. If the hydrogen storage material has completed desorption of hydrogen, the hydrogen storage element 28 is used as a hydrogen source to supply the fuel cell 11 for use. The hydrogen recovery and utilization method provided in the embodiment of the present application can send the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the fuel cell 11 into the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 for recovery. The recovered hydrogen can be used as a hydrogen source to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell 11, thereby realizing hydrogen recovery and utilization of the fuel cell system.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] Based on the same inventive concept as the aforementioned embodiment 1, the embodiment of the present application also provides a hydrogen recovery method, which is applied to the fuel cell recycling and utilization system of the aforementioned embodiment 1. The hydrogen recovery method can realize the hydrogen recovery during the inert gas replacement process in the new hydrogen storage component 28, and the recovered hydrogen can be used as a hydrogen source for the fuel cell 11.

[0085] See also Figure 6 , the hydrogen recovery method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes:

[0086] (1) adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage member 28 containing inert gas through the hydrogenation pipe 23, obtaining the gas pressure P0 at the gas port of the hydrogen storage member 28, stopping hydrogenation when the gas pressure P0 is P0 ≥ P4, and discharging the mixed gas containing hydrogen and inert gas in the hydrogen storage member 28 into the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, so that the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material, and exhausting the gas to the gas pressure P0 of P0 ≤ P3, wherein P4> P3, P3 and P4 are both set values;

[0087] Usually, the inert gas in the hydrogen storage part 28 is nitrogen, which is low-cost and safe. Of course, other gases may also be used, which is not limited here. Specifically, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage part 28, and when the pressure P0 in the hydrogen storage part 28 is P0≥P4, hydrogenation is stopped. Control the third switching valve 24, connect the pressure reducing valve 27 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25, control the second switching valve 15, connect the exhaust port and the tail exhaust pipeline 16 of the adsorption recovery mechanism 12, control the first switching valve 13, cut off all channels where the first switching valve 13 is located, and the mixed gas containing hydrogen and inert gas in the hydrogen storage part 28 is discharged into the adsorption recovery mechanism 12 along the pressure reducing valve 27, the third switching valve 24 and the replacement recovery pipeline 25 in turn, until the gas pressure P0 is P0≤P3, that is, it is considered that the gas in the hydrogen storage part 28 is very little and the pressure is very small and cannot be discharged.

[0088] (2) Repeat step (1) until the purity of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage member 28 reaches the target value, and stop adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage member 28.

[0089] In addition, the hydrogen recovered during the inert gas replacement process in the new hydrogen storage element 28 can also be used in the fuel cell 11 , which will not be described in detail here, and reference may be made to the utilization of hydrogen in the second embodiment.

[0090] The hydrogen recovery method provided in the embodiment of the present application can realize the recovery of hydrogen during the inert gas replacement process in the new hydrogen storage element 28 , and the recovered hydrogen can be used as a hydrogen source for the fuel cell 11 .

[0091] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0092] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A fuel cell recycling system, characterized in that: It includes hydrogenation pipe, hydrogen storage component, fuel cell, adsorption recovery mechanism, displacement recovery pipeline, tail exhaust pipeline, second switching valve and third switching valve: The hydrogenation pipe is connected to the gas port of the hydrogen storage component; The adsorption recovery mechanism includes a container and a recovery port and an exhaust port connected to the container, the container is filled with a hydrogen storage material for adsorbing and desorbing hydrogen, and the recovery port is connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell; The second switching valve and the third switching valve are both electrically controlled three-way valves. The second switching valve is connected between the air inlet and the exhaust port of the fuel cell, so that the adsorption recovery mechanism and the fuel cell are connected through a pipeline to form a hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit; the second switching valve controls its own opening to adjust the pressure in the container of the adsorption recovery mechanism; one of the channels of the second switching valve is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline to conduct the tail exhaust pipeline when the adsorption recovery mechanism adsorbs hydrogen; the third switching valve is connected between the air port of the hydrogen storage component and the air inlet of the fuel cell, and one of the channels of the third switching valve is connected to the replacement recovery pipeline to enable the adsorption recovery mechanism to adsorb hydrogen during hydrogen replacement; Hydrogen is added to the hydrogen storage component containing inert gas through the hydrogenation pipe. When the pressure P0 in the hydrogen storage component is P0≥P4, hydrogenation is stopped. The second switching valve and the third switching valve are controlled so that the mixed gas containing hydrogen and inert gas in the hydrogen storage component is discharged into the adsorption recovery mechanism along the third switching valve and the replacement recovery pipeline in sequence until P0≤P3, wherein P4>P3, and P3 and P4 are both set values.

2. The fuel cell recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit also includes a first switching valve and a bypass line connected in parallel with the adsorption recovery mechanism. The first switching valve is connected between the gas outlet of the fuel cell and the recovery port. The first switching valve is an electrically controlled three-way valve, and one of the channels of the first switching valve is connected to the bypass line to open the bypass line when the adsorption recovery mechanism desorbs hydrogen.

3. The fuel cell recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell recycling system further includes a controller and a concentration sensor for detecting hydrogen concentration. The concentration sensor is disposed in the container, and the controller is electrically connected to the concentration sensor.

4. The fuel cell recycling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell recycling system further includes a first pressure sensor disposed in the container, and the first pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

5. The fuel cell recycling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell recycling system further includes a heater for heating the hydrogen storage material and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen storage material. Both the heater and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

6. The fuel cell recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The fuel cell recycling system further includes a second pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of an air inlet of the fuel cell.

7. The fuel cell recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen recovery and utilization circuit further includes a drying mechanism located between the exhaust port of the fuel cell and the recovery port.

8. The fuel cell recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The fuel cell recycling system further includes a pressure reducing valve provided between the hydrogen storage component and the air inlet of the fuel cell.

9. The fuel cell recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The fuel cell recycling system further includes a third pressure sensor for detecting the gas pressure of the gas port of the hydrogen storage component.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: A fuel cell recycling system comprising the fuel cell recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A hydrogen recovery and utilization method applied to the fuel cell recovery and utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Obtaining the pressure P, temperature T, and hydrogen concentration X within the adsorption recovery mechanism; When the concentration X is X1≤X≤X2, the pressure P is P1≤P≤P2, and the temperature T is T1≤T≤T2, the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is discharged into the adsorption recovery mechanism so that hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material until the concentration X is X1'≤X≤X2'; wherein X2<X1', and X1, X2, X1', X2', P1, P2, T1, and T2 are all set values; The hydrogen adsorbed in the hydrogen storage material is desorbed, and the desorbed hydrogen is introduced into the fuel cell.

12. A hydrogen recovery method applied to the fuel cell recycling system according to any one of claims 1, 8 or 9, characterized in that: include: (1) adding hydrogen to a hydrogen storage member containing an inert gas through a hydrogenation pipe, obtaining a gas pressure P0 at a gas port of the hydrogen storage member, stopping hydrogenation when the gas pressure P0 is P0 ≥ P4, and discharging a mixed gas containing hydrogen and inert gas in the hydrogen storage member into an adsorption recovery mechanism, so that hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the hydrogen storage material, and exhausting the gas until the gas pressure P0 is P0 ≤ P3, wherein P4> P3, and P3 and P4 are both set values; (2) Repeat step (1) until the purity of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage element reaches the target value, and stop adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage element.

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