A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve

Abstract

The present invention belongs to a solenoid valve. In order to solve the technical problem that the pipeline switching function of the existing parking solenoid valve fails when the power is off and the pipeline fuel cannot be completely unloaded, a two-position five-way self-parking solenoid valve is provided. A magnetic field generating component and a permanent magnet are provided at the same time. The magnetic field generating component can control the movement of the armature, and then control the different connection and blocking relationships between the first outlet, the second inlet, the second outlet and the third inlet on the valve body, and the first inlet on the valve seat. By controlling the pressure at the first inlet, the magnetic field generating component is powered on and then powered off. Since the permanent magnet is provided, the armature can keep the relationship between each outlet and each inlet unchanged after the magnetic field generating component is powered off. As the pressure at the first inlet changes, this holding state can also be interrupted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to a solenoid valve, and particularly relates to a two-position five-way self-stop solenoid valve. Background Art

[0002] The stop solenoid valve is used for discharging aviation fuel when an aeroengine stops, which is crucial for the safety of the aeroengine. With the development of aeroengine technology, higher requirements are put forward for the stop solenoid valve, such as more pipeline interfaces, more energy-saving control methods, and higher safety requirements. Existing stop solenoid valves generally adopt a two-position three-way structure. When the solenoid valve is powered on, the pipeline is switched to play the role of discharging fuel. When the solenoid valve is powered off, the pipeline switching function fails, and it cannot ensure complete discharge of pipeline fuel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem that the pipeline switching function of the existing stop solenoid valve fails when powered off and cannot ensure complete discharge of pipeline fuel, the invention provides a two-position five-way self-stop solenoid valve.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A two-position five-way self-stop solenoid valve, characterized in that it includes a magnetic field generating assembly, a permanent magnet, an armature, a valve body, a spring and a first ejector rod;

[0006] The armature forms a magnetic field circuit with the magnetic field generating assembly and is used to control the movement of the armature according to the energization condition of the magnetic field generating assembly; and the armature is within the magnetic field force range of the permanent magnet;

[0007] A first through hole is axially formed in the valve body. The rear end of the valve body is connected to the magnetic field generating assembly, and a valve seat is installed at the front end. The rear end of the first through hole is sealed, and the front end communicates with a second through hole axially formed in the valve seat. The second through hole forms a first inlet; the side wall of the valve body is successively provided with a first outlet, a second inlet, a second outlet and a third inlet from front to back, and the first inlet and the third inlet communicate;

[0008] The valve body is successively provided with a first outlet, a second inlet, a second outlet and a third inlet axially from front to back and communicating with the first through hole;

[0009] A spool valve core, a first ball seat, a second ejector rod, and a second ball seat are coaxially arranged in sequence from front to back in the first through hole. The first ball seat is located between the second inlet and the second outlet, and the second ball seat is located between the second outlet and the third inlet. Both the spool valve core and the second ejector rod are in clearance fit with the inner wall of the valve body. Both the first ball seat and the second ball seat are sealingly connected to the inner wall of the valve body. A first ball and a second ball are respectively installed in the first ball seat and the second ball seat. First annular liquid grooves and second annular liquid grooves are respectively formed in the side walls of the second ejector rod and the spool valve core. The first annular liquid groove and the second annular liquid groove are respectively arranged opposite to the second outlet and the second inlet.

[0010] One end of the first ejector rod is connected to the armature, and the other end abuts against the second ball. The second ball, the second ejector rod, the first ball, and the spool valve core abut against each other in sequence.

[0011] One end of the spring abuts against or is connected to the spool valve core, and the other end abuts against or is connected to the valve seat.

[0012] An annular protrusion capable of partially shielding the first outlet is arranged outside the spool valve core.

[0013] The following relationships are satisfied among the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, the second outlet, and the third inlet: when the magnetic field generating component is not energized, the second outlet and the third inlet are communicated, the second inlet and the second outlet are blocked, the first outlet and the second inlet are communicated, and the first inlet and the first outlet are blocked; when the magnetic field generating component is energized, the second outlet and the third inlet are blocked, and the second inlet and the second outlet are communicated.

[0014] Further, the magnetic field generating component includes a yoke, a skeleton, and two stop blocks arranged coaxially.

[0015] The yoke, the skeleton, and the stop blocks are sleeved in sequence from outside to inside. The armature is located between the two stop blocks. The distance between the two stop blocks is greater than the axial length of the armature, which is used to limit the axial movement range of the armature.

[0016] The first ejector rod penetrates through the stop block at the front end.

[0017] A coil connected to an external power supply system is wound around the skeleton.

[0018] Further, a third ejector rod is further included.

[0019] The third ejector rod penetrates through the stop block at the rear end, and the third ejector rod is connected to the armature.

[0020] The permanent magnet is located at the middle part of the axial direction of the skeleton.

[0021] Further, two permanent magnets are provided, which are respectively located at both ends of the radial direction of the skeleton.

[0022] Furthermore, the stop iron located at the front end includes a first column section, a first connection section, and a second connection section that are connected in sequence;

[0023] The first column section is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the skeleton, and both the front end faces of the yoke iron and the skeleton are connected to the first connection section. The second connection section is inserted into the first through hole of the valve body;

[0024] The stop iron located at the rear end includes a second column section and a third connection section that are connected;

[0025] The second column section is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the skeleton, and the third connection section is connected to the rear end face of the skeleton.

[0026] Furthermore, a first sliding bearing is provided between the first ejector rod and the second connection section, and an inner sealing ring is provided between the first ejector rod and the first connection section;

[0027] A second sliding bearing is provided between the third ejector rod and the third connection section;

[0028] Outer sealing rings are provided at the rear end of the third inlet outside the valve body, between the third inlet and the second outlet, between the second outlet and the second inlet, between the second inlet and the first outlet, and between the first outlet and the first inlet.

[0029] Furthermore, gaskets are provided between the armature and the two stop irons.

[0030] Furthermore, the spool valve core is installed in the first through hole through a spool valve guide sleeve; a plurality of annular piston grooves are axially provided on the outer wall of the spool valve core located in the spool valve guide sleeve and on the annular protrusion.

[0031] Furthermore, the coil is connected to an external power supply system through a connector;

[0032] One end of the connector is sleeved inside the yoke iron and abuts against the third connection section, and the other end extends outside the yoke iron.

[0033] Furthermore, the yoke iron, the stop iron, and the armature are all made of magnetically conductive metal materials, and wear-resistant and anti-corrosion coatings are applied on the surfaces;

[0034] The first ejector rod, the second ejector rod, the third ejector rod, the valve body, the valve seat, and the valve core are all made of non-magnetically conductive metal materials.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. A two-position five-way self-parking solenoid valve of the present invention is provided with a magnetic field generating component and a permanent magnet at the same time. The movement of the armature can be controlled through the magnetic field generating component, and then the different connection and blocking relationships between the first outlet, the second inlet, the second outlet, the third inlet on the valve body, and the first inlet on the valve seat can be controlled. By controlling the pressure at the first inlet, after the magnetic field generating component is energized and then de-energized, due to the setting of the permanent magnet, the armature can keep the relationship between the outlets and the inlets unchanged after the magnetic field generating component is de-energized. With the change of the pressure at the first inlet, this holding state can also be interrupted. Therefore, through the magnetic field generating component and the permanent magnet of the present invention, in cooperation with the pressure at the first inlet, the control of the relationship between the outlets and the inlets can be realized. Multiple different connection states can be achieved through one solenoid valve, and the flow rate can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the gaps. The overall structure of the present invention is compact, highly reliable, and stable in operation.

[0037] 2. When the present invention is in the state of being energized and then de-energized, the solenoid valve can still maintain the function of discharging fuel when it is energized, so that the fuel is completely discharged. When the engine starts, the valve can automatically switch to the fuel supply state with the cooperation of the internal structural components of the solenoid valve. In addition, the present invention can also integrate an additional hydraulic channel to realize the function that the solenoid valve can supply fuel to the downstream load both when it is energized and when it is de-energized, meeting the new requirements of the solenoid valve.

[0038] 3. In the present invention, the rear end of the first through hole in the valve body is sealed, so that the part of the solenoid valve located at the rear side of the valve body is in an oil-free state as a whole and does not need to bear pressure. Therefore, the volume and thickness of the front side part of the valve body can be made smaller.

[0039] 4. In the present invention, the magnetic field generating component is composed of a yoke, a skeleton, a stop iron, and a pole shoe, and can effectively control the reciprocating movement of the armature through the energization and de-energization of the coil on the skeleton, so that the solenoid valve of the present invention can have an extremely high response speed, and the response time can be less than 1 ms.

[0040] 5. The components of the present invention are simple and compact, with small manufacturing difficulty and convenient for mass production.

[0041] 6. In the present invention, the third ejector rod penetrates through the stop iron located at the rear end, and in cooperation with the first ejector rod penetrating through the stop iron located at the front end, both have a guiding effect on the movement of the armature, improving the movement stability of the armature.

[0042] 7. The specific structures of the two stop irons in the present invention not only help to ensure the sealing performance of the rear side part of the solenoid valve body, but also can make the overall structure of the magnetic field generating component more compact.

[0043] 8. An inner sealing ring is provided between the first ejector rod and the first connecting section, and outer sealing rings are provided at multiple places outside the valve body, which can ensure the internal sealing performance of the present invention and the external sealing performance when the present invention is installed and used.

[0044] 9. In the present invention, the coil is connected to an external power supply system through a connector, and the yoke can play a certain protective role for the connector, further ensuring the safety and reliability of the entire solenoid valve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve of the present invention.

[0046] Wherein: 1 - permanent magnet, 2 - armature, 3 - valve body, 301 - first through hole, 302 - first outlet, 303 - second inlet, 304 - second outlet, 305 - third inlet, 4 - spring, 5 - first ejector rod, 6 - valve seat, 601 - first inlet, 7 - yoke, 8 - skeleton, 9 - stop iron, 10 - third ejector rod, 11 - gasket, 12 - coil, 13 - connector, 14 - spool valve core, 141 - annular piston groove, 15 - first ball seat, 16 - second ejector rod, 161 - first annular liquid groove, 162 - second annular liquid groove, 17 - second ball seat, 18 - first sphere, 19 - second sphere, 20 - inner sealing ring, 21 - outer sealing ring, 22 - first sliding bearing, 23 - second sliding bearing, 23 - bearing seat, 24 - spool valve guide sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0048] The present invention provides a two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve, which can not only control the working state according to the energization condition of the magnetic field generating component, but also achieve power-off holding and unlocking.

[0049] As Figure 1 shown, a two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve includes a magnetic field generating component, a permanent magnet 1, an armature 2, a valve body 3, a spring 4 and a first ejector rod 5. The armature 2 forms a magnetic field circuit with the magnetic field generating component. When the magnetic field generating component is energized, the armature 2 moves towards the front end of the solenoid valve. When the magnetic field generating component is de-energized, the armature 2 is located at the rear end of the solenoid valve. Therefore, the movement of the armature 2 can be controlled according to the energization condition of the magnetic field generating component. At the same time, the armature 2 is within the magnetic field force range of the permanent magnet 1. When the magnetic field generating component is first energized to make the armature 2 move forward and then de-energized, the armature 2 can be kept in the current state, and thus the entire solenoid valve is in the power-off holding state. As the pressure at the first inlet 601 increases, this holding state can be released.

[0050] The magnetic field generating component only needs to be able to control the movement of the armature 2, so there are many implementation methods. In an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field generating component includes a yoke 7, a skeleton 8, and two stop blocks 9 arranged coaxially. The yoke 7, the skeleton 8, and the stop blocks 9 are sleeved from outside to inside in sequence. The two stop blocks 9 are arranged coaxially along the axis. The armature 2 is located between the two stop blocks 9. The distance between the two stop blocks 9 is greater than the axial length of the armature 2. The axial movement range of the armature 2 is limited by the axial distance between the two stop blocks 9, avoiding excessive movement of the armature 2. In order to reduce the impact between the armature 2 and the stop blocks 9 during movement, a gasket 11 can be arranged between the end faces of the armature 2 and the stop blocks 9. One end of the armature 2 is connected to the first ejector rod 5, and the other end is connected to the third ejector rod 10. The third ejector rod 10 penetrates the stop block 9 at the rear end. A second sliding bearing 23 is arranged between the third ejector rod 10 and the stop block 9, facilitating the sliding of the third ejector rod 10 with the armature 2, and the third ejector rod 10 has a guiding effect on the sliding of the armature 2. The first ejector rod 5 penetrates the stop block 9 at the front end. Specifically, the stop block 9 at the front end includes a first column section, a first connection section, and a second connection section connected in sequence. The first column section is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the skeleton 8. The front end faces of the yoke 7 and the skeleton 8 are both connected to the first connection section. The second connection section is inserted into the first through hole 301 of the valve body 3. The stop block 9 at the rear end includes a connected second column section and a third connection section. The second column section is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the skeleton 8. The third connection section is connected to the rear end face of the skeleton 8. A first sliding bearing 22 is arranged between the first ejector rod 5 and the second connection section. The first sliding bearing 22 can be installed through a bearing seat 23. An inner sealing ring 20 is arranged between the first ejector rod 5 and the first connection section, separating the inside of the valve body 3 from the magnetic field generating component at the rear. The magnetic field generating component part is in an oil-free state and does not bear pressure, so that the volume and thickness on the valve body 3 side can reach a smaller state. The second sliding bearing 23 is specifically arranged between the third ejector rod 10 and the third connection section. A coil 12 connected to an external power supply system is wound around the skeleton 8. The coil 12 can be composed of two coils connected in parallel, or composed of a single coil in the winding grooves on the left and right parts of the permanent magnet 1 wound around the skeleton 8 as shown in Figure 1 Figure. The coil 12 is connected to the external power supply system through a connector 13. One end of the connector 13 is sleeved inside the yoke 7 and abuts against the third connection section, and the other end extends outside the yoke 7. The yoke 7 can be used to protect the connector 13 to a certain extent.

[0051] Under this structure of the magnetic field generating component, two permanent magnets 1 can be arranged, respectively located at both radial ends of the skeleton 8. Both permanent magnets 1 are located in the middle of the skeleton 8 axially. In specific applications, the number of turns of the coil 12, the energizing current, the specific position, structure, and quantity of the permanent magnets 1 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0052] A first through hole 301 is axially formed in the valve body 3. On the side wall of the valve body, a third inlet 305 (B port), a second outlet 304 (A port), a second inlet 303 (P2 port), and a first outlet 302 (T port) are successively arranged from left to right. The valve seat 6 is installed at the right end of the first through hole 301 in the valve body 3. The right end of the first through hole 301 communicates with a second through hole axially formed in the valve seat 6, and the second through hole forms a first inlet 601 (P1 port). In the first through hole 301, a spool valve 14, a first ball seat 15, a second ejector rod 16, and a second ball seat 17 are coaxially arranged in sequence from front to back. The first ball seat 15 is located between the second inlet 303 and the second outlet 304, and the second ball seat 17 is located between the second outlet 304 and the third inlet 305. The spool valve 14 is installed in the first through hole 301 through a spool valve guide sleeve 24. On the outer wall of the spool valve 14 located in the spool valve guide sleeve 24, a plurality of annular piston grooves 141 are axially formed. The spool valve guide sleeve 24 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the valve body 3, so that the second inlet 303 and the first outlet 302 are always communicated. Both the first ball seat 15 and the second ball seat 17 are hermetically connected to the inner wall of the valve body 3. A first sphere 18 and a second sphere 19 are respectively installed in the first ball seat 15 and the second ball seat 17. First annular liquid grooves 1601 and second annular liquid grooves 162 are respectively formed on the side walls of the second ejector rod 16 and the spool valve 14. One end of a first ejector rod 5 is connected to the armature 2, and the other end abuts against the second sphere 19. The second sphere 19, the second ejector rod 16, the first sphere 18, and the spool valve 14 are successively abutted. When the first sphere 18 is pushed forward by the second ejector rod 16, a gap is left between the first sphere 18 and the first ball seat 15, and the second outlet 304 and the second inlet 303 are conducted. At the same time, the second sphere 19 is tightly pressed against the second ball seat 17, and the third inlet 305 and the second outlet 304 are blocked.

[0053] One end of a spring 4 abuts against or is connected to the spool valve 14, and the other end abuts against or is connected to the valve seat 6. An annular protrusion that partially blocks the first outlet 302 is provided outside the spool valve 14. The blocking area is controlled by the pressure at the first inlet 601. A plurality of annular piston grooves 141 are axially formed on the annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the valve body 3, so that the first outlet 302 and the first inlet 601 are always communicated. The size of the clearance at the clearance fit can be used to control the leakage amount of the liquid.

[0054] In addition, in order to improve the sealing performance during installation and use, outer sealing rings 21 are respectively provided between the rear end of the third inlet 305 outside the valve body 3, between the third inlet 305 and the second outlet 304, between the second outlet 304 and the second inlet 303, between the second inlet 303 and the first outlet 302, and between the first outlet 302 and the first inlet 601.

[0055] To improve the overall reliability of the solenoid valve, the yoke 7, the stop iron 9, and the armature 2 are all made of magnetically conductive metal materials, and their surfaces are coated with wear-resistant and anti-corrosive coatings. The first push rod 5, the second push rod 16, the third push rod 10, the valve body 3, the valve seat 6, and the valve core are all made of non-magnetically conductive metal materials.

[0056] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0057] When the solenoid valve works for the first time, it is in the fuel supply state, that is, in the state shown in the attached drawing. The B port is connected to the A port, the P2 port is closed to the A port, the P2 port is partially connected to the T port, the T port supplies fuel to the downstream load through the external oil circuit, the P1 port is not connected to the T port, and the P1 port is connected to the B port through the external oil circuit.

[0058] When the coil 12 is energized, the electromagnetic force acts on the armature 2, overcoming the suction force of the permanent magnet 1 acting on the armature 2. The force is transmitted to the spool valve 14 through the first push rod 5, the second ball 19, the second push rod 16, and the first ball 18 in sequence. In addition, the resultant force acting on the spool valve 14 to the left, which is formed by the liquid pressure from the P1 port, the liquid pressure from the P2 port to the right, and the elastic force of the spring 4 to the left, and the liquid pressure acting on the first ball 18 from the P2 port to the left, under the combined action of the above forces, the spool valve 14 moves to the right. When the armature 2 moves to the right to the maximum distance, the second ball 19 moves to the right under the action of the armature 2 until it is in close contact with the second ball seat 17 through the acting force transmitted by the first push rod 5, closing the oil circuit between the B port and the A port. At the same time, the first ball 18 moves to the right under the rightward acting force transmitted by the second ball 19 through the second push rod 16, creating a gap between the first ball 18 and the first ball seat 15, connecting the P2 port to the A port, and the fuel is discharged through the A port. The spool valve 14 moves to the right under the rightward acting force transmitted by the steel ball 18 and compresses the spring 4.

[0059] When the solenoid valve is powered off after being energized, under the action of the permanent magnet 1, the armature 2 remains in the rightmost position, and each oil circuit channel maintains the state when the coil 12 is energized, and the fuel continues to be discharged through the A port, keeping no fuel continuously injected into the engine combustion chamber.

[0060] When the engine starts, the pressure at the P1 port increases. When the resultant force of the liquid pressure from the P1 port to the left, the liquid pressure from the P2 port to the right, and the spring force of the spring 4 to the left acting on the spool valve 14 is greater than the permanent magnet suction force acting on the armature 2 to the right, the spool valve 14 moves to the left, driving the first ball 18, the second push rod 16, the second ball 19, the first push rod 5, and the armature 2 to move to the left. The P2 port is closed to the A port, the pipeline no longer discharges fuel, and the solenoid valve returns to the state when it is in the fuel supply state during the first work.

[0061] The hydraulic pressure at the first inlet 601 causes the armature 2 to move to the right until it contacts the front stop 9, i.e., the front stop position. Through the first ejector rod 5, the second sphere 19 is pushed, and through the second ejector rod 16, the first sphere 18 is pushed, and the spool valve 14 moves forward, causing the second sphere 19 to close with the second ball seat 17, blocking the third inlet 305 and the second outlet 304, exposing a gap between the first sphere 18 and the first ball seat 15, connecting the second outlet 304 with the second inlet 303, and connecting the first inlet 601 with the first outlet 302, and connecting the second inlet 303 with the first outlet 302. When the hydraulic pressure at the first inlet 601 is small, after the coil 12 is energized and then de-energized, due to the magnetic attraction of the permanent magnet 1, the armature 2 remains in the position when it was energized, and the relationship between the outlets and inlets remains unchanged. At this time, it is maintained by the permanent magnetic force of the permanent magnet 1, which is the power-off holding state, i.e., the self-locking state. In the case of the electromagnet being de-energized, when the pressure at the first inlet 601 rises to a certain value, the hydraulic pressure pushes the spool valve 14 to overcome the magnetic attraction of the permanent magnet 1 on the armature 2, causing the armature 2 to move backward to the stop position against the rear stop 9, pushing the first sphere 18 to close with the first ball seat 15, blocking the second inlet 303 and the second outlet 304, exposing a gap between the second sphere 19 and the second ball seat 17, and connecting the second outlet 304 and the third inlet 305. When the pressure at the first inlet 601 decreases, due to the magnetic attraction of the permanent magnet 1, the armature 2 still remains in the rear limit position, and the states of the outlets and inlets and the position of the armature 2 can still remain unchanged. When the coil 12 is not energized, the armature 2 is also in the rear limit position. At this time, the second outlet 304 and the third inlet 305 are connected, the second outlet 304 and the second inlet 303 are not connected, and the first outlet 302 and the first inlet 601 are connected. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-position five-way self-parking solenoid valve, characterized in that: it includes a magnetic field generating component, a permanent magnet (1), an armature (2), a valve body (3), a spring (4) and a first ejector rod (5); the armature (2) forms a magnetic field circuit with the magnetic field generating component, and is used to control the movement of the armature (2) according to the energization condition of the magnetic field generating component; and the armature (2) is within the magnetic field force range of the permanent magnet (1); a first through hole (301) is axially formed in the valve body (3), the rear end of the valve body (3) is connected to the magnetic field generating component, the front end is provided with a valve seat (6), the rear end of the first through hole (301) is sealed, and the front end communicates with a second through hole axially formed in the valve seat (6), and the second through hole forms a first inlet (601); first outlets (302), second inlets (303), second outlets (304) and third inlets (305) are sequentially formed in the side wall of the valve body (3) from front to back, the first inlet (601) and the third inlet (305) communicate; a spool valve (14), a first ball seat (15), a second ejector rod (16) and a second ball seat (17) are coaxially arranged in the first through hole (301) from front to back in sequence, the first ball seat (15) is located between the second inlet (303) and the second outlet (304), the second ball seat (17) is located between the second outlet (304) and the third inlet (305), both the spool valve (14) and the second ejector rod (16) are in clearance fit with the inner wall of the valve body (3), both the first ball seat (15) and the second ball seat (17) are hermetically connected to the inner wall of the valve body (3), a first sphere (18) and a second sphere (19) are respectively installed in the first ball seat (15) and the second ball seat (17), first annular liquid grooves (161) and second annular liquid grooves (162) are respectively formed in the side walls of the second ejector rod (16) and the spool valve (14); the first annular liquid groove (161) and the second annular liquid groove (162) are respectively arranged opposite to the second outlet (304) and the second inlet (303); one end of the first ejector rod (5) is connected to the armature (2), and the other end abuts against the second sphere (19); the second sphere (19), the second ejector rod (16), the first sphere (18) and the spool valve (14) abut against each other in sequence; one end of the spring (4) abuts against or is connected to the spool valve (14), and the other end abuts against or is connected to the valve seat (6); an annular protrusion capable of partially shielding the first outlet (302) is arranged outside the spool valve (14); the following relationships are satisfied among the first inlet (601), the first outlet (302), the second inlet (303), the second outlet (304) and the third inlet (305): when the magnetic field generating component is not energized, the second outlet (304) and the third inlet (305) communicate, the second inlet (303) and the second outlet (304) are blocked, the first outlet (302) and the second inlet (303) communicate, and the first inlet (601) and the first outlet (302) are blocked; when the magnetic field generating component is energized, the second outlet (304) and the third inlet (305) are blocked, and the second inlet (303) and the second outlet (304) communicate.

2. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic field generating assembly includes a yoke (7), a bobbin (8) and two armature stops (9) arranged coaxially; the yoke (7), the bobbin (8) and the armature stops (9) are sleeved from outside to inside in sequence, the armature (2) is located between the two armature stops (9), and the distance between the two armature stops (9) is greater than the axial length of the armature (2) for defining the axial movement range of the armature (2); the first push rod (5) penetrates through the armature stop (9) at the front end; a coil (12) connected to an external power supply system is wound around the bobbin (8).

3. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 2, characterized in that: it further includes a third push rod (10); the third push rod (10) penetrates through the armature stop (9) at the rear end, and the third push rod (10) is connected to the armature (2); the permanent magnet (1) is located at the axial middle of the bobbin (8).

4. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 3, characterized in that: there are two permanent magnets (1), which are respectively located at both radial ends of the bobbin (8).

5. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: the armature stop (9) at the front end includes a first column section, a first connection section and a second connection section connected in sequence; the first column section is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the bobbin (8), the front end faces of the yoke (7) and the bobbin (8) are both connected to the first connection section, and the second connection section is inserted into the first through hole (301) of the valve body (3); the armature stop (9) at the rear end includes a connected second column section and a third connection section; the second column section is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the bobbin (8), and the third connection section is connected to the rear end face of the bobbin (8).

6. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: a first sliding bearing (22) is provided between the first push rod (5) and the second connection section, and an inner sealing ring (20) is provided between the first push rod (5) and the first connection section; a second sliding bearing (23) is provided between the third push rod (10) and the third connection section; outer sealing rings (21) are provided at the rear end of the third inlet (305) outside the valve body (3), between the third inlet (305) and the second outlet (304), between the second outlet (304) and the second inlet (303), between the second inlet (303) and the first outlet (302), and between the first outlet (302) and the first inlet (601).

7. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 6, characterized in that: gaskets (11) are provided between the armature (2) and the two armature stops (9).

8. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 7, characterized in that: the spool valve core (14) is installed in the first through hole (301) through a spool valve guide sleeve (24); a plurality of annular piston grooves (141) are axially formed on the outer wall and the annular protrusion of the spool valve core (14) located inside the spool valve guide sleeve (24).

9. A two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 8, characterized in that: The coil (12) is connected to an external power supply system through a connector (13); One end of the connector (13) is sleeved inside the yoke iron (7) and abuts against the third connecting section, and the other end extends outside the yoke iron (7).

10. The two-position five-way self-locking solenoid valve according to claim 8, characterized in that: The yoke iron (7), the stop iron (9) and the armature (2) are all made of magnetically conductive metal materials, and the surfaces are coated with wear-resistant and anti-corrosion coatings; The first ejector rod (5), the second ejector rod (16), the third ejector rod (10), the valve body (3), the valve seat (6) and the spool valve core (14) are all made of non-magnetically conductive metal materials.

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