Monitoring and protection system and energy storage device

Abstract

The application provides a monitoring and protection system and an energy storage device. The monitoring and protection system is applied to at least one battery module and comprises a temperature monitoring device, a deformation monitoring device and a control device. The temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device respectively comprise a grating temperature sensor and a grating strain sensor. The grating temperature sensor and the grating strain sensor are arranged on the corresponding battery module to obtain the current temperature and the current deformation of the battery module. The control device controls the protection unit to perform the corresponding protection action according to the obtained current temperature and the current deformation. The temperature and the deformation of the battery module are monitored in real time through the arranged temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device, and the protection unit is controlled to perform the protection action according to the monitoring condition, so that the protection response of the battery module is set, the occurrence of the battery fault is effectively inhibited and prevented, and the safety of the battery module is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery modules, and in particular to a monitoring and protection system and an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry and the increasing use of electric-powered devices, the safety of battery systems has drawn significant attention. However, high-power energy storage battery packs are often susceptible to damage, fluid spray, overheating, explosion, or fire during operation due to factors such as harsh operating environments, aging, and internal short circuits.

[0003] The existing Battery Management System (BMS) focuses on simple safety precautions, such as preventing battery overcharging, over-discharging, and temperatures exceeding the operating range. It is difficult to effectively suppress or prevent potential battery pack failures, and no protective response is set. As a result, it may be impossible to prevent accidents from escalating in a timely manner after they occur, causing immeasurable losses and endangering life and property. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a monitoring and protection system and energy storage device for real-time monitoring of the temperature and deformation of energy storage elements such as battery modules and performing corresponding protection actions, effectively suppressing and preventing the occurrence of battery failures to improve the safety of energy storage elements.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a monitoring and protection system, applied to at least one battery module, comprising:

[0006] A temperature monitoring device, comprising a plurality of grating temperature sensors, wherein each of the grating temperature sensors is disposed on a corresponding battery module, and is configured to obtain a current temperature of the corresponding battery module through each grating temperature sensor;

[0007] A deformation monitoring device, comprising a plurality of grating strain sensors, wherein each of the grating strain sensors is arranged on a corresponding battery module, and is used to obtain a current deformation of the corresponding battery module through each grating strain sensor;

[0008] The control device is coupled to the temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device, and is used to receive the current temperature and the current deformation of each battery module, and control the protection unit to perform corresponding protection actions according to the received signals.

[0009] In one possible design, the grating temperature sensor is disposed at any position of the corresponding battery module;

[0010] The grating strain sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the corresponding battery module and is located at the axis position of the outer surface.

[0011] In one possible design, the temperature monitoring device further includes: multiple first optical fibers, a first modem;

[0012] Each of the grating temperature sensors is coupled to a corresponding first optical fiber, so as to transmit the first optical signal emitted by the grating temperature sensor to the first modem through the corresponding first optical fiber;

[0013] The first modem converts the first optical signal into the current temperature of the corresponding battery module, and transmits the current temperature of each battery module to the control device through the first communication bus.

[0014] In one possible design, the deformation monitoring device further includes: a plurality of second optical fibers, a second modem, and a deformation calculation unit;

[0015] Each of the grating strain sensors is coupled to a corresponding second optical fiber, so as to transmit the second optical signal emitted by the grating strain sensor to the second modem through the corresponding second optical fiber;

[0016] The second modem converts the second optical signal into a current strain of the corresponding battery module, and transmits the current strain of each battery module to the deformation calculation unit via a second communication bus;

[0017] The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation of each battery module according to the current strain and stored parameters of each battery module, and transmits the current deformation of each battery module to the control device through a third communication bus.

[0018] In a possible design, the deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation amount of each battery module according to the following formula:

[0019] Z is the current deformation of each of the battery modules, y is the stored parameter, and ε is the current strain of each of the battery modules.

[0020] In one possible design, the control device includes:

[0021] a parameter processing unit, configured to compare the current temperature and / or the current deformation of each battery module with a preset value to determine a current state of each battery module; and

[0022] The protection unit performs a corresponding level of protection in response to a current state of each of the battery modules.

[0023] In one possible design, the protection unit can perform three levels of protection actions, wherein the first level protection action corresponds to heating the battery module, the second level protection action corresponds to alarming and disconnecting the switch, and the third level protection action corresponds to activating the fire extinguishing device.

[0024] In a possible design, if the control device determines that the current temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature and the current deformation is less than a first preset deformation, the protection unit performs the first level protection action.

[0025] In one possible design, if the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature and less than a third preset temperature, and the current deformation is less than the second preset deformation, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

[0026] In a possible design, if the control device determines that the current deformation is greater than or equal to a first preset deformation and less than a second preset deformation, and the current temperature is less than a third preset temperature, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

[0027] In a possible design, if the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to a third preset temperature, or the current deformation is greater than or equal to a second preset deformation, the protection unit performs the third level protection action.

[0028] The monitoring and protection system provided herein is applied to at least one battery module and includes a temperature monitoring device, a deformation monitoring device, and a control device. The temperature monitoring device includes multiple grating temperature sensors, each of which is positioned on a corresponding battery module to obtain the current temperature of the corresponding battery module. The deformation monitoring device includes multiple grating strain sensors, each of which is also positioned on a corresponding battery module to obtain the current deformation of the corresponding battery module. The control device is coupled to the temperature monitoring device and the strain monitoring device, respectively, and is configured to receive the current temperature and deformation of each battery module and then control a protection unit to execute a corresponding protection action based on the received signals. The temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device thus monitor the temperature and deformation of the battery module in real time. The control module controls the protection unit to execute a protection action based on the monitoring information, providing a protective response to the battery module, effectively suppressing and preventing battery module failures and improving battery module safety.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present application provides an energy storage device, comprising a monitoring and protection system, at least one energy storage element, a switch and a load, wherein the switch is coupled between the at least one energy storage element and the load, the monitoring and protection system is coupled to the at least one energy storage element and the switch, and the monitoring and protection system comprises:

[0030] a temperature monitoring device comprising a plurality of grating temperature sensors, wherein each of the grating temperature sensors is arranged on a corresponding energy storage element for obtaining a current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element by each grating temperature sensor;

[0031] a deformation monitoring device comprising a plurality of grating strain sensors, wherein each of the grating strain sensors is arranged on a corresponding energy storage element for obtaining a current deformation of the corresponding energy storage element by each grating strain sensor;

[0032] a control device coupled to the temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device for receiving the current temperature and the current deformation of each of the energy storage elements and controlling a protection unit to perform a corresponding protection action according to the received signals.

[0033] In a possible design, the grating temperature sensor is arranged at any position of the corresponding energy storage element.

[0034] The grating strain sensor is arranged on an outer surface of the corresponding energy storage element and located at an axial position of the outer surface.

[0035] In a possible design, the temperature monitoring device further comprises a plurality of first optical fibers and a first modem.

[0036] Each of the grating temperature sensors is coupled to a corresponding first optical fiber to transmit a first optical signal emitted by the grating temperature sensor to the first modem through the corresponding first optical fiber.

[0037] The first modem converts the first optical signal into the current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element and transmits the current temperature of each of the energy storage elements to the control device through a first communication bus.

[0038] In a possible design, the deformation monitoring device further comprises a plurality of second optical fibers, a second modem and a deformation calculation unit.

[0039] Each of the grating strain sensors is coupled to a corresponding second optical fiber to transmit a second optical signal emitted by the grating strain sensor to the second modem through the corresponding second optical fiber.

[0040] The second modem converts the second optical signal into the current strain of the corresponding energy storage element, and transmits the current strain of each energy storage element to the deformation calculation unit via a second communication bus;

[0041] The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation of each energy storage element according to the current strain and storage parameters of each energy storage element, and transmits the current deformation of each energy storage element to the control device through a third communication bus.

[0042] In a possible design, the deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation amount of each energy storage element according to the following formula:

[0043] Z is the current deformation of each of the energy storage elements, y is the storage parameter, and ε is the current strain of each of the energy storage elements.

[0044] In one possible design, the control device includes:

[0045] a parameter processing unit, configured to compare the current temperature and / or the current deformation of each of the energy storage elements with a preset value to determine a current state of each of the energy storage elements; and

[0046] The protection unit performs a corresponding level of protection in response to a current state of each of the energy storage elements.

[0047] In one possible design, the protection unit can perform three levels of protection actions, wherein the first level protection action corresponds to heating the energy storage element, the second level protection action corresponds to alarming and disconnecting the switch, and the third level protection action corresponds to activating the fire extinguishing device.

[0048] In a possible design, if the control device determines that the current temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature and the current deformation is less than a first preset deformation, the protection unit performs the first level protection action.

[0049] In one possible design, if the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature and less than a third preset temperature, and the current deformation is less than the second preset deformation, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

[0050] In a possible design, if the control device determines that the current deformation is greater than or equal to a first preset deformation and less than a second preset deformation, and the current temperature is less than a third preset temperature, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

[0051] In a possible design, if the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to a third preset temperature, or the current deformation is greater than or equal to a second preset deformation, the protection unit performs the third level protection action.

[0052] The energy storage device and monitoring and protection system provided in this application monitors the temperature and deformation of the energy storage element in real time by providing a temperature monitoring device and a deformation monitoring device, and controls the protection unit through a control module to execute a protection action according to the monitoring situation, so as to provide a protective response to the energy storage element, effectively suppress and prevent the occurrence of energy storage element failures, improve the safety of the energy storage element, and thereby ensure the safety and reliability of the energy storage device.

[0053] This application uses optical fiber sensors to detect the temperature and strain of the battery module, calculates the degree of deformation of the battery module through the strain, determines the fault condition of the battery system, and triggers protection actions accordingly. The monitoring and protection system of this application can timely detect battery overheating and shell deformation and damage. The method is simple, low-cost, and easy to use. This application can monitor the temperature and deformation of battery modules, especially batteries in large-scale energy storage systems in real time, effectively improving the safety of the battery module. In addition, the number of sensors can be increased or decreased according to the size of the battery, which has strong practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0055] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring and protection system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a grating temperature sensor and a grating strain sensor provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a temperature monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a deformation monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of battery module deformation provided in this embodiment;

[0061] Figure 7a A schematic diagram of a control method for a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 7b A schematic diagram of another control method for a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 7c A schematic diagram of another control method for a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0067] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0068] To address the problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present application provide a monitoring and protection system and energy storage device. The inventive concept of the monitoring and protection system and energy storage device provided in embodiments of the present application is as follows: a temperature monitoring device and a deformation monitoring device are provided on an energy storage element, such as a battery module. The temperature monitoring device includes multiple grating temperature sensors, each of which can obtain the current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element, such as a battery module. The deformation monitoring device includes multiple grating strain sensors, each of which can obtain the current deformation of the corresponding energy storage element, such as a battery module. In addition, a control device is coupled to the temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device. The control device can receive the current temperature and current deformation of each energy storage element, such as a battery module, and control a protection unit to perform a corresponding protection action based on the received signals, thereby achieving real-time monitoring of the current temperature and current deformation of the energy storage element, such as the battery module, and responding to the protection based on the monitoring situation, thereby effectively suppressing the occurrence of battery failures and ensuring the safety of the energy storage element, such as the battery module, and even the energy storage device.

[0069] The following describes exemplary application scenarios of the embodiments of the present application.

[0070] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, at least one battery module 100 is coupled to a load 101 via a switch 103, and is used to provide energy to the load 101 so that the load 101 operates normally. In the process of the battery module 100 providing energy to the load 101, the temperature and deformation of the battery module 100 may change due to various reasons, which may cause a battery failure. In order to effectively suppress and prevent the occurrence of battery failure, an embodiment of the present application provides a monitoring and protection system 102, which is applied to the battery module 100 to monitor the current temperature and current deformation of the battery module 100 in real time, and initiate a protection response based on the monitoring situation. For example, the monitoring and protection system 102 includes a temperature monitoring device 11, a deformation monitoring device 12 and a control device 13, wherein the temperature monitoring device 11 is used to obtain the current temperature of the battery module 100, and the deformation monitoring device 12 is used to obtain the current deformation of the battery module 100. The control device 13 can receive the current temperature and current deformation obtained by the temperature monitoring device 11 and the deformation monitoring device 12, and control the protection unit 131 included therein to perform corresponding protection actions according to the received current temperature and current deformation, thereby realizing effective monitoring of the current temperature and current deformation of the battery module 100 and initiating a protection response according to the monitoring situation, effectively suppressing and preventing possible battery failures of the battery module 100, and ensuring the safety of the battery module 100.

[0071] It is understandable that the control device 13 can be configured as a digital processor such as MCU (Microcontroller Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processing), etc., to control the protection unit 131 to perform corresponding protection actions according to the received signal by executing corresponding instructions or computer programs.

[0072] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of load 101. For example, load 101 may be an electric vehicle. Furthermore, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number and specific layout of battery cells included in battery module 100.

[0073] in addition, Figure 1 Only a schematic diagram of the monitoring and protection system 102 applied to the battery module 100 is shown. The embodiment of the present application also provides an energy storage device, which includes the monitoring and protection system 102 and at least one energy storage element. The monitoring and protection system 102 can effectively suppress and prevent possible failures of the energy storage element to ensure the safety of the energy storage element. The energy storage element can be an element with corresponding energy storage function, such as a battery module. The specific structure of the energy storage element is not limited in this embodiment.

[0074] It is worth understanding that the above application scenarios are merely illustrative, and the monitoring and protection system and energy storage device provided in the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to the above application scenarios.

[0075] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring and protection system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the monitoring and protection system 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to at least one battery module 21 .

[0076] The monitoring and protection system 200 includes:

[0077] The temperature monitoring device 201 includes a plurality of grating temperature sensors 2011 , wherein each grating temperature sensor is disposed on a corresponding battery module, and is configured to obtain the current temperature of the corresponding battery module through each grating temperature sensor.

[0078] The deformation monitoring device 202 includes a plurality of grating strain sensors 2021 , wherein each grating strain sensor is arranged on a corresponding battery module, and is used to obtain the current deformation of the corresponding battery module through each grating strain sensor.

[0079] The control device 203 is coupled to the temperature monitoring device 201 and the deformation monitoring device 202 , and is configured to receive the current temperature and deformation of each battery module, and control the protection unit 2031 to perform corresponding protection actions according to the received signals.

[0080] This embodiment does not limit the number of grating temperature sensors 2011 included in the temperature monitoring device 201 or the number of grating strain sensors 2021 included in the strain monitoring device 202. Each grating temperature sensor and each grating strain sensor can be respectively disposed on a corresponding battery module 21. For example, a battery module can be provided with at least one grating temperature sensor and at least one grating strain sensor to respectively obtain the current temperature and current deformation of the corresponding battery module. For another example, when a battery module is provided with multiple grating temperature sensors and multiple grating strain sensors, the average of the multiple temperature detection values ​​and deformation detection values ​​can be taken to respectively obtain the current temperature and current deformation of the corresponding battery module.

[0081] The grating temperature sensor and grating strain sensor can be any fiber optic sensor, such as a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor, and this embodiment does not limit this. Fiber optic sensors are used in the monitoring and protection system of this application to monitor the temperature and deformation of the battery module because they are not affected by harsh factors such as vibration, high voltage, high temperature, and electromagnetic interference.

[0082] In a possible design, the placement position of each grating temperature sensor and each grating strain sensor on the battery module can be as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positions of a grating temperature sensor and a grating strain sensor provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the grating temperature sensor 2011 can be installed at any location on the corresponding battery module 21, for example, by gluing the grating temperature sensor 2011 to any location on or inside the battery module 21. The grating strain sensor 2021 can be installed on the outer surface of the corresponding battery module 21, located at the axis of the outer surface, to accurately obtain the current deformation of the battery module 21. For example, the grating strain sensor 2021 can be gluing the grating strain sensor 2021 to a flat area on the axis of the outer surface of the battery module 21. Figure 3The figure schematically shows the positional relationship between the battery module 21 and the grating temperature sensor 2011 and the grating strain sensor 2021 arranged thereon, and schematically shows individual grating temperature sensors 2011 and grating strain sensors 2021. It does not limit their arrangement positions and specific arrangement quantities on the battery module 21. It can be understood that in actual working conditions, the specific number and position of the grating temperature sensors 2011 and grating strain sensors 2021 arranged thereon can be set according to the actual surface area of ​​the battery module 21, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0083] In a possible design, the temperature monitoring device 201 may have the following structure: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a temperature monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the temperature monitoring device 201 provided in this embodiment includes: a plurality of grating temperature sensors 2011 , a plurality of first optical fibers 2012 and a first modem 2013 .

[0084] Each grating temperature sensor 2011 is coupled to a corresponding first optical fiber 2012 , so as to transmit the first optical signal emitted by the grating temperature sensor 2011 to the first modem 2013 through the corresponding first optical fiber 2012 .

[0085] Furthermore, the first modem 2013 converts the first optical signal into the current temperature of the corresponding battery module 21 , and transmits the current temperature of each battery module to the control device 203 via the first communication bus 2014 .

[0086] To make the structure of the temperature monitoring device 201 clearer, Figure 4 The example of one optical fiber corresponding to one grating temperature sensor and one optical fiber corresponding to one battery module is schematically illustrated. In actual applications, one optical fiber can be coupled to multiple grating temperature sensors, and one battery module can be coupled to multiple optical fibers.

[0087] Continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the working principle of the temperature monitoring device 201 using the grating temperature sensor 2011 to obtain the current temperature of the battery module 21 is schematically introduced below.

[0088] A first light source 2015 and a first beam splitter 2016 are provided in the temperature monitoring device 201. The first beam splitter 2016 is coupled to the multiple first optical fibers 2012. The grating temperature sensor 2011 is coupled to the corresponding first optical fibers 2012. The first light source 2015 can be provided as a corresponding light source with a wide spectrum. The incident light generated by the first light source 2015 can be divided into multiple groups of light beams after passing through the first beam splitter 2016. For example, n groups, where the value of n is the total number of the first optical fibers 2012, are the incident light beams after being split (e.g., n groups). Figure 4 ) is transmitted to the grating temperature sensor 2011 coupled to the corresponding first optical fiber 2012 via the corresponding first optical fiber 2012. Each beam of incident light becomes corresponding reflected light after passing through the grating temperature sensor 2011 coupled to the first optical fiber 2012. The reflected light (such as Figure 4 The incident light (indicated by the dotted arrow) is transmitted to the first modem 2013 via the first circulator 2017 provided on the same branch as the incident light, thereby enabling the first optical fiber 2012 to transmit the first optical signal emitted by the corresponding coupled grating temperature sensor 2011 to the first modem 2013. The incident light passes through the grating in the grating temperature sensor 2011 and becomes the corresponding reflected light. The wavelength of the reflected light is the first optical signal.

[0089] It can be understood that each first circulator 2017 is disposed on each first optical fiber 2012 to transmit the reflected light of the path to the first modem 2013 , and the number of the first circulators 2017 is n.

[0090] The first modem 2013 can convert the received first optical signal into a temperature value, and the temperature value obtained by the conversion is the current temperature of the battery module 21 where the grating temperature sensor 2011 is set. Furthermore, the current temperature of the battery module 21 obtained can be transmitted to the control device 203 through the first communication bus 2014, such as RS485. It can be understood that when there are multiple battery modules 21, the current temperature of each battery module can be obtained through the above process, and then the current temperature of each battery module can be transmitted to the control device 203 accordingly. For example, n optical fibers and n grating temperature sensors correspondingly detect the temperature information of n battery modules, and the current temperature T of the n battery modules is obtained through the first modem 2013. i1 , T i2 ...T in .

[0091] In a possible design, the deformation monitoring device 202 may have a structure as follows: Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a deformation monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5As shown, the deformation monitoring device 202 provided in this embodiment includes: a plurality of grating strain sensors 2021 , a plurality of second optical fibers 2022 , a second modem 2023 and a deformation calculation unit 2024 .

[0092] Each grating strain sensor 2021 is disposed on a corresponding battery module 201 , wherein each grating strain sensor 2021 is coupled to a corresponding second optical fiber 2022 to transmit a second optical signal emitted by the grating strain sensor 2021 to the second modem 2023 via the corresponding second optical fiber 2022 .

[0093] Furthermore, the second modem 2023 converts the second optical signal into the current strain of the corresponding battery module 21 , and transmits the current strain of each battery module to the deformation calculation unit 2024 via the second communication bus 2025 .

[0094] The deformation calculation unit 2024 determines the current deformation of each battery module according to the current strain of each battery module and the stored parameters, and transmits the current deformation of each battery module to the control device 203 via the third communication bus 2026 .

[0095] To make the structure of the deformation monitoring device 202 clearer, Figure 5 The example of one optical fiber corresponding to one grating strain sensor and one optical fiber corresponding to one battery module is schematically shown. In actual applications, one optical fiber can be coupled to multiple grating strain sensors, and one battery module can be coupled to multiple optical fibers.

[0096] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the following introduces the working principle of the deformation monitoring device 202 using the grating strain sensor 2021 to obtain the current deformation of the corresponding battery module 21.

[0097] A second light source 2027 and a second beam splitter 2028 are provided in the deformation monitoring device 202. The second beam splitter 2028 is coupled to the multiple second optical fibers 2022. The grating strain sensor 2021 is coupled to the corresponding second optical fibers 2022. The second light source 2027 can be provided as a corresponding light source with a wide spectrum. The incident light generated by the second light source 2027 can be divided into multiple groups of light beams after passing through the second beam splitter 2028, for example, n' groups, where the value of n' is the total number of paths of the second optical fibers 2022. The incident light after being split (e.g. Figure 5 The solid arrows in the middle are transmitted to the grating strain sensor 2021 coupled to the corresponding second optical fiber 2022 via the corresponding second optical fiber 2022. Each beam of incident light becomes corresponding reflected light after passing through the grating strain sensor 2021 coupled to the second optical fiber 2022. The reflected light (as shown in FIG. Figure 5When the incident light is reflected by the grating strain sensor 2021, the reflected light is transmitted to the second modulator-demodulator 2023 via the second circulator 2029 arranged on the same branch as the incident light, so that the second optical fiber 2022 transmits the second light signal emitted by the corresponding coupled grating strain sensor 2021 to the second modulator-demodulator 2023. The incident light becomes corresponding reflected light after being reflected by the grating in the grating strain sensor 2021, and the wavelength value of the reflected light is the second light signal.

[0098] It can be understood that each second circulator 2028 is arranged on each second optical fiber 2022 to transmit the reflected light of the second optical fiber 2022 to the second modulator-demodulator 2023, and the number of the second circulators 2029 is n', where n' can be equal to n.

[0099] The second modulator-demodulator 2023 can convert the received second light signal into a strain value, and the strain value obtained by the conversion is the current strain value of the battery module 21 on which the grating strain sensor 2021 is arranged. The current strain value of the battery module 21 obtained can be first transmitted to the deformation calculation unit 2024 through the second communication bus 2025, such as RS485, and then the current deformation value of each battery module can be determined by the deformation calculation unit 2024 according to the received current strain value of each battery module 21 and the stored parameters, and then transmitted to the control device 203 through the third communication bus 2026, where the third communication bus 2026 can be RS485. It can be understood that when the number of battery modules 21 is multiple, the current deformation value of each battery module can be obtained through the above process, and then the current deformation value of each battery module is transmitted to the control device 203. For example, n optical fibers and n grating strain sensors correspond to detection of strain information of n battery modules, and the current deformation values Z i1 , Z i2 ……Z in .

[0100] In actual working conditions, the first light source 2015, the first beam splitter 2016, the first circulator 2017, the first optical fiber 2012, the first modulator-demodulator 2013 in the temperature monitoring device 201 and the second light source 2027, the second beam splitter 2028, the second circulator 2029, the second optical fiber 2022, and the second modulator-demodulator 2023 in the deformation monitoring device 202 can be public parts or can be separately arranged, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0101] In one possible design, the deformation calculation unit 2024 determines the current deformation value of each battery module 21 according to the following formula (1):

[0102]

[0103] Wherein, Z represents the current deformation of each battery module 21 , y is a storage parameter, and ε is the current strain of each battery module 21 .

[0104] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of battery module deformation provided in this embodiment, the grating strain sensor 2021 is set on the outer surface axis of the battery module 21, assuming Figure 6 (a) represents the positional relationship between the grating strain sensor 2021 and the battery module 21 when the battery module 21 does not undergo any deformation. The stored parameter y represents the width of the plane on which the grating strain sensor 2021 is set on the battery module 21. x represents the initial size of the grating strain sensor 2021. The specific value of the initial size is determined by the specifications of the grating strain sensor 2021. When the battery module 21 is deformed due to pressure expansion or other reasons during operation, the deformed battery module 21 and the grating strain sensor 2021 are as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown in (b), Figure 6 (b) The deformed surface of the battery module 21 is equivalently transformed to obtain the following: Figure 6 (c) shows the deformation equivalent diagram, that is, the plane where the battery module 21 and the grating strain sensor 2021 are deformed is approximately equivalent to Figure 6 (c) isosceles triangle ACB and isosceles triangle ECF. Figure 6 As shown in (c), α represents the protrusion angle of the battery module 21, and Z represents the current deformation of the battery module 21. The current deformation Z, the protrusion angle α, and the plane width y of the battery module 21 where the grating strain sensor 2021 is installed satisfy the following formula (2):

[0105]

[0106] Furthermore, based on the relationship between the measurement value of the grating strain sensor 2021, that is, the current strain value ε, and the protrusion angle α, the protrusion angle α of the battery module 21 can be calculated based on the current strain value of the battery module 21 obtained by the grating strain sensor 2021, and then the current deformation value Z of the battery module can be calculated in combination with formula (2).

[0107] The length of the grating strain sensor 2021 after deformation is assumed to be x1. Since the length x1 after deformation and the current strain ε satisfy the corresponding relationship expressed by the following formula (3):

[0108] x1=(1+ε)*x (3)

[0109] The current strain ε is a relative quantity, for example, it can be expressed as a percentage.

[0110] Further integration Figure 6 The deformed grating strain sensor 2021 shown in (c) can be approximately equivalent to: Figure 6 The isosceles triangle ECF in (c) can be approximately equivalent to the deformed battery module 21. Figure 6 (c) is an isosceles triangle ACB. Since EF is parallel to AB, the angles corresponding to ∠CEF and ∠CAB are equal, both α. Therefore, for ∠CEF, the following relationship exists as shown in formula (4):

[0111]

[0112] Substituting formula (3) into formula (4), we can obtain formula (5):

[0113]

[0114] According to formula (5), the relationship between the current strain ε and the convex angle α can be obtained as shown in formula (6):

[0115]

[0116] Through the description of the above embodiment, further substituting formula (6) into formula (2) can obtain the relationship expression between the current strain variable ε and the storage parameter y and the current deformation variable Z, which is shown in formula (1).

[0117] The deformation calculation unit 2024 can determine the current deformation of each battery module based on formula (1) and the current strain obtained by the grating strain sensor 2021, and then transmit the obtained current deformation of each battery module to the control device 203 through the third communication bus 2025, so that the control device 203 controls the protection unit 2031 to perform corresponding protection actions according to the received signal.

[0118] Continue to refer to Figure 2 As shown, the control device 203 includes a parameter processing unit 2032 and a protection unit 2031. The parameter processing unit 2032 is configured to compare the current temperature and current deformation of each battery module 21 with preset values ​​to determine the current state of each battery module 21. The protection unit 2031 responds to the current state of each battery module 21 to perform a corresponding level of protection.

[0119] For example, the protection unit 2031 can perform three levels of protection actions in response to the current state of each battery module 21, wherein the first level of protection action corresponds to heating the battery module 21, the second level of protection action corresponds to an alarm and disconnecting the switch 31, the switch 31 is used to control the disconnection of the electrical connection between the battery module 21 and the corresponding load 33, and the third level of protection action corresponds to starting the fire extinguishing device 32. The heating device for heating the battery module is located inside the battery cabinet where the battery module 21 is located. By controlling the operation of the heating device, the temperature of the battery module 21 is maintained at a set value to ensure the good operation of the battery module 21. The heating device can use a flat electric heating pad or a water temperature heating plate and other equipment. The fire extinguishing device 32 is located inside or outside the battery cabinet where the battery module 21 is located. The fire extinguishing device 32 is connected to a fire-fighting pipe, which is arranged inside the battery cabinet. When the fire extinguishing device 32 is started, the fire-fighting material is released into the battery cabinet through the fire-fighting pipe. It is understandable that the protection actions that can be executed by the protection unit 2031 include but are not limited to the three levels of protection actions listed above, and can also be set accordingly according to actual working conditions, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0120] The monitoring and protection system provided in the embodiments of the present application is applied to at least one battery module and includes a temperature monitoring device, a deformation monitoring device, and a control device. The temperature monitoring device and deformation monitoring device monitor the temperature and deformation of the battery module in real time. A control module controls the protection unit to execute protective actions based on the monitoring conditions, providing a protective response to the battery module. This effectively suppresses and prevents battery module failures, thereby improving battery module safety.

[0121] Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram of a control method for a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7a As shown, the control method provided in this embodiment includes:

[0122] S101a: The parameter processing unit in the control device calculates the current temperature (T i ) and the current shape (Z i ) is compared with a preset value to determine the current state of each battery module;

[0123] The preset values ​​include a first preset temperature (T1), a second preset temperature (T2), a third preset temperature (T3), a first preset deformation (Z1) and a second preset deformation (Z2).

[0124] The determined current state of each battery module may be understood as the relationship between the current temperature and / or the current deformation and a preset value.

[0125] S102a: If the control device determines the current temperature (Ti ) is less than or equal to the first preset temperature (T1), and the current deformation amount (Z i ) is less than a first preset deformation (Z1), the control device controls the protection unit to perform a first level protection action to heat the corresponding battery module;

[0126] S103a: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i ) is greater than the first preset temperature (T1) and less than the second preset temperature (T2), and the current deformation amount (Z i ) is less than the first preset deformation, the monitoring and protection system operates normally, and the protection unit does not need to perform any protection action;

[0127] S104a: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i ) is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature (T2) and less than the third preset temperature (T3), and the current deformation amount (Z i ) is less than a second preset deformation (Z2), the control device controls the protection unit to perform a second-level protection action, alarms, and disconnects the switch;

[0128] S105a: If the control device determines the current deformation amount (Z i ) is greater than or equal to the first preset deformation (Z1) and less than the second preset deformation (Z2), and the current temperature (T i ) is less than the third preset temperature (T3), the control device controls the protection unit to perform the second level protection action, alarm and disconnect the switch.

[0129] S106a: If the control device determines the current deformation amount (Z i ) is greater than or equal to the second preset deformation (Z2), or the current temperature (T i ) is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature (T3), the control device controls the protection unit to perform the third level protection action and start the fire extinguishing device.

[0130] Among them, the values ​​of the first preset temperature (T1), the second preset temperature (T2), and the third preset temperature (T3) should each satisfy T1<T2<T3, and the values ​​of the first preset deformation (Z1) and the second preset deformation (Z2) must satisfy Z1<Z2. The specific values ​​of the preset values ​​can be set according to the actual working conditions. For example, they can be set with reference to the relationship between the temperature values ​​and deformation values ​​at different stages of thermal runaway of the lithium battery and the fault manifestations of the battery. The process of battery thermal runaway will not be repeated here.

[0131] For example, the first preset temperature (T1) can be set to -10°C, and the second preset temperature (T2) can be set according to the decomposition temperature of the SEI membrane (Solid Electrolyte Interface) of the battery. For example, the second preset temperature (T2) can be set to a temperature value corresponding to 10°C lower than the decomposition temperature of the SEI membrane, such as 70°C, to ensure that the battery module failure is detected before the SEI membrane decomposes and the switch is disconnected. The third preset temperature (T3) can be set according to the diaphragm melting temperature, because if the diaphragm melts, the positive and negative poles of the battery module will be short-circuited, and a violent exothermic reaction will occur. For example, it can be set to a temperature value corresponding to 15°C lower than the diaphragm melting temperature, such as 120°C, to ensure that the battery module failure is detected before the diaphragm melts and the fire extinguishing device is activated.

[0132] The first preset deformation amount (Z1) and the second preset deformation amount (Z2) can be set according to the safety valve trigger height. For example, the first preset deformation amount (Z1) is set to a value corresponding to 1 / 5 of the safety valve trigger height, such as Z1 is set to 2 mm. The second preset deformation amount (Z2) is set to a value corresponding to 1 / 2 of the safety valve trigger height, such as Z2 is set to 5 mm.

[0133] It should be noted that Figure 7a There is no sequence requirement between steps S102a to S106a in the illustrated embodiment.

[0134] Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of another control method for a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7b As shown, the control method provided in this embodiment mainly performs corresponding protection actions based on the current temperature of the battery module. The control method of this embodiment is mainly applicable to situations where the battery module is not easily deformed, because most battery modules will only undergo significant deformation after severe impact or long-term operation. The control method of this embodiment can simplify the judgment process, specifically including:

[0135] S101b: The parameter processing unit in the control device calculates the current temperature (T i ) is compared with a preset value to determine the current state of each battery module;

[0136] S102b: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i ) is less than or equal to a first preset temperature (T1), the control device controls the protection unit to perform a first level protection action to heat the corresponding battery module;

[0137] S103b: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i) is greater than the first preset temperature (T1) and less than the second preset temperature (T2), the monitoring and protection system operates normally, and the protection unit does not need to perform any protection action;

[0138] S104b: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i ) is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature (T2) and less than the third preset temperature (T3), the control device controls the protection unit to perform the second level protection action, alarm and disconnect the switch;

[0139] S105b: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i ) is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature (T3), the control device controls the protection unit to perform the third level protection action and start the fire extinguishing device.

[0140] The setting methods of the first preset temperature (T1), the second preset temperature (T2) and the third preset temperature (T3) are similar to those in the above embodiment and will not be described again here.

[0141] Figure 7c This is a schematic diagram of another control method for a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7c As shown, the control method provided in this embodiment mainly performs corresponding protection actions based on the current deformation of the battery module. The control method of this embodiment is mainly applicable to situations where the battery module is prone to deformation but not prone to thermal runaway. The control method of this embodiment can simplify the judgment process, specifically including:

[0142] S101c: The parameter processing unit in the control device calculates the current temperature (T i ) and the current shape (Z i ) is compared with a preset value to determine the current state of each battery module;

[0143] S102c: If the control device determines the current temperature (T i ) is less than or equal to the first preset temperature (T1), and the current deformation amount (Z i ) is less than a first preset deformation (Z1), the control device controls the protection unit to perform a first level protection action to heat the corresponding battery module;

[0144] S103c: If the control device determines the current deformation amount (Z i ) is less than the first preset deformation (Z1), and the current temperature (T i ) is greater than the first preset temperature (T1), the monitoring and protection system operates normally, and the protection unit does not need to perform any protection action;

[0145] S104c: If the control device determines the current deformation amount (Z i) is greater than or equal to the first preset deformation (Z1) and less than the second preset deformation (Z2), the control device controls the protection unit to perform the second level protection action, alarm and disconnect the switch;

[0146] S105c: If the control device determines the current deformation amount (Z i ) is greater than or equal to the second preset deformation (Z2), the control device controls the protection unit to perform the third level protection action and start the fire extinguishing device.

[0147] The configuration of the first preset temperature (T1), the first preset deformation (Z1) and the second preset deformation (Z2) is similar to that of the above embodiment and will not be described again here.

[0148] In the monitoring and protection system provided by the embodiment of the present application, the parameter processing unit of the control device compares the received current temperature value and / or current deformation of each battery module with the preset value to determine the current state of each battery module, and then uses the protection unit in the control device to respond to the current state of each battery module to perform a corresponding level of protection action, thereby through real-time monitoring of the current temperature value and / or current deformation of each battery module, it is possible to initiate a corresponding protection action based on the monitoring situation to effectively suppress and prevent the occurrence of battery module failures and ensure the safety of the battery module. In addition, the monitoring and protection system provided by the embodiment of the present application is simple and easy to implement, has high realizability and feasibility, and is conducive to being widely used to ensure the high safety performance of the battery module.

[0149] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the energy storage device 300 provided in this embodiment includes: a monitoring and protection system 301, at least one energy storage element 302, a switch 303, and a load 304. The switch 303 is coupled between the at least one energy storage element 302 and the load 304, and the monitoring and protection system 301 is coupled to the at least one energy storage element 302 and the switch 303.

[0150] It is understood that the energy storage device 300 may be Figure 9 The energy storage cabinet 400 shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application. Specifically, a monitoring and protection system 301, at least one energy storage element 302, and a switch 303 can all be configured in the energy storage cabinet 400, and a load 304 is electrically connected to the energy storage cabinet 400. The energy storage element 302 can be, for example, Figure 9 The battery module 401 shown, combined with Figure 8As shown, the energy storage cabinet 400 includes multiple energy storage elements such as battery modules 401, and forms an energy storage device 300 with the monitoring and protection system 301, the switch 303 and the load 304. It should be noted that, Figure 9 Other structures except the battery module 401 are not shown.

[0151] The monitoring and protection system 301 includes:

[0152] The temperature monitoring device 3011 includes a plurality of grating temperature sensors 30111, each of which is disposed on a corresponding energy storage element 302, and is configured to obtain the current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element 302 through each grating temperature sensor;

[0153] The deformation monitoring device 3012 includes a plurality of grating strain sensors 30121, each of which is disposed on a corresponding energy storage element 302, and is configured to obtain a current deformation of the corresponding energy storage element 302 through each grating strain sensor;

[0154] The control device 3013 is coupled to the temperature monitoring device 3011 and the deformation monitoring device 3012 , and is configured to receive the current temperature and current deformation of each energy storage element 302 , and control the protection unit 30131 to perform corresponding protection actions according to the received signals.

[0155] The structure and implementability of the monitoring and protection system 301 in the energy storage device 300 provided in this embodiment are similar to Figure 2 The structure and implementation of the monitoring and protection system 200 in the illustrated embodiment are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0156] In one possible design, the grating temperature sensor 30111 is disposed at any position of the corresponding energy storage element 302;

[0157] The grating strain sensor 30121 is disposed on the outer surface of the corresponding energy storage element 302 and is located on the axis of the outer surface.

[0158] In one possible design, the temperature monitoring device 3011 further includes: a plurality of first optical fibers and a first modem;

[0159] Each grating temperature sensor 30111 is coupled to a corresponding first optical fiber, so as to transmit a first optical signal emitted by the grating temperature sensor 30111 to the first modem through the corresponding first optical fiber;

[0160] The first modem converts the first optical signal into the current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element 302 , and transmits the current temperature of each energy storage element to the control device 3013 via the first communication bus.

[0161] The structure, implementation and technical effects of the temperature monitoring device 3011 provided in this embodiment are similar to those of the Figure 4 The structure, implementation method and technical effect of the temperature monitoring device 201 in the illustrated embodiment are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0162] In one possible design, the deformation monitoring device 3012 further includes: a plurality of second optical fibers, a second modem, and a deformation calculation unit;

[0163] Each grating strain sensor 30121 is coupled to a corresponding second optical fiber, so as to transmit the second optical signal emitted by the grating strain sensor 30121 to the second modem through the corresponding second optical fiber;

[0164] The second modem converts the second optical signal into the current strain of the corresponding energy storage element 302, and transmits the current strain of each energy storage element to the deformation calculation unit via the second communication bus;

[0165] The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation of each energy storage element according to the current strain and storage parameters of each energy storage element, and transmits the current deformation of each energy storage element to the control device 3013 via the third communication bus.

[0166] The structure, implementation and technical effects of the deformation monitoring device 3012 provided in this embodiment are similar to those of the Figure 5 The structure, implementation method and technical effect of the deformation monitoring device 202 in the illustrated embodiment are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0167] In one possible design, the deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation of each energy storage element 302 according to formula (7), which is as follows:

[0168]

[0169] Wherein, Z1 is the current deformation of each energy storage element 302 , y1 is a storage parameter, such as the width of the plane on which the grating strain sensor 30121 is set on the energy storage element 302 , and ε1 is the current strain of each energy storage element 302 .

[0170] The principle and technical effect of the deformation calculation unit provided in this embodiment for determining the current deformation of each energy storage element 302 are similar to those of Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, the principle and technical effect of the deformation calculation unit 2024 determining each battery module 21 are similar, wherein the determination method of formula (7) is similar to the determination method of formula (1). The specific process can be referred to the corresponding embodiment mentioned above and will not be repeated here.

[0171] In one possible design, the control device 3013 includes:

[0172] a parameter processing unit 30132 for comparing the current temperature and current deformation of each energy storage element 302 with a preset value to determine the current state of each energy storage element; and

[0173] The protection unit 30131 performs corresponding level of protection in response to the current state of each energy storage element 302 .

[0174] The protection unit 30131 can perform three levels of protection actions. The first level protection action corresponds to heating the energy storage element 302, the second level protection action corresponds to alarming and disconnecting the switch 303, and the switch 303 is used to control the opening and closing of the electrical connection between the energy storage element 302 and the load 304. The third level protection action corresponds to starting the fire extinguishing device 305.

[0175] In one possible design, the parameter processing unit 30132 in the control device 3013 compares the current temperature and / or current deformation of each energy storage element 302 with a preset value to determine the current state of each energy storage element 302, and then the protection unit 30131 in the control device 3013 responds to the current state of each energy storage element 302 to perform a corresponding level of protection.

[0176] For example, if the control device 3013 determines that the current temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, and the current deformation is less than the first preset deformation, the protection unit 30131 performs the first level protection action and heats the corresponding energy storage element 302;

[0177] If the control device 3013 determines that the current temperature is greater than the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, and the current deformation amount is less than the first preset deformation amount, the protection unit 30131 does not need to perform any protection action;

[0178] If the control device 3013 determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature, and the current deformation is less than the second preset deformation, the protection unit 30131 performs the second level protection action, alarms, and disconnects the switch 303;

[0179] If the control device 3013 determines that the current deformation is greater than or equal to the first preset deformation and less than the second preset deformation, and the current temperature is less than the third preset temperature, the protection unit 30131 performs the second level protection action, alarms, and disconnects the switch 303;

[0180] If the control device 3013 determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature, or the current deformation is greater than or equal to the second preset deformation, the protection unit 30131 performs the third level protection action, that is, activates the fire extinguishing device 305.

[0181] The preset values ​​include a first preset temperature (T'1), a second preset temperature (T'2), a third preset temperature (T'3), a first preset deformation (Z'1) and a second preset deformation (Z'2).

[0182] The determined current state of each energy storage element may be understood as the relationship between the current temperature and / or the current deformation and a preset value.

[0183] The specific value-taking rules of the first preset temperature (T'1), the second preset temperature (T'2), the third preset temperature (T'3), the first preset deformation (Z'1) and the second preset deformation (Z'2) can be similar to the value-taking rules of the first preset temperature (T1), the second preset temperature (T2), the third preset temperature (T3), the first preset deformation (Z1) and the second preset deformation (Z2), and will not be repeated here.

[0184] In the monitoring and protection system 301 provided in this embodiment, the parameter processing unit 30132 in the control device 3013 determines the current state of each energy storage element 302 according to the current temperature value and / or current deformation of each energy storage element 302, and enables the protection unit 30131 to respond to the current state of each energy storage element to perform the corresponding level of protection. Figures 7a-7c The embodiments shown are similar and will not be described again here.

[0185] The energy storage device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a monitoring and protection system, at least one energy storage element, a switch and a load. Among them, the monitoring and protection system is coupled to at least one energy storage element and the switch, and includes a temperature monitoring device, a deformation monitoring device and a control device. By real-time monitoring of the current temperature value and / or current deformation of each energy storage element, the corresponding protection action is initiated according to the monitoring situation to effectively suppress and prevent the occurrence of energy storage element failures and ensure the safety of the energy storage element and the energy storage device. In addition, the implementation method of the monitoring and protection system in the energy storage device provided in the embodiment of the present application is simple and easy to implement, has high realizability and feasibility, and is conducive to being widely used to ensure the high safety performance of the energy storage element.

[0186] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of the present application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered merely as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the claims.

[0187] It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the precise construction already described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. The scope of the application should only be limited by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A monitoring and protection system, applied to at least one battery module, characterized in that: include: A temperature monitoring device, comprising a plurality of grating temperature sensors, wherein each of the grating temperature sensors is disposed on a corresponding battery module, and is configured to obtain a current temperature of the corresponding battery module through each grating temperature sensor; A deformation monitoring device, comprising a plurality of grating strain sensors, wherein each of the grating strain sensors is arranged on a corresponding battery module, and is used to obtain a current deformation of the corresponding battery module through each grating strain sensor; a control device, coupled to the temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device, configured to receive the current temperature and the current deformation of each battery module and control the protection unit to perform a corresponding protection action according to the received signals; The deformation monitoring device further includes: a plurality of second optical fibers, a second modem, and a deformation calculation unit; Each of the grating strain sensors is coupled to a corresponding second optical fiber, so as to transmit the second optical signal emitted by the grating strain sensor to the second modem through the corresponding second optical fiber; The second modem converts the second optical signal into a current strain of the corresponding battery module, and transmits the current strain of each battery module to the deformation calculation unit via a second communication bus; The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation of each battery module according to the current strain of each battery module and the stored parameters, and transmits the current deformation of each battery module to the control device via a third communication bus; The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation amount of each battery module according to the following formula: , Ζ is the current deformation of each of the battery modules, y is the stored parameter, and ε is the current strain of each of the battery modules.

2. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grating temperature sensor is arranged at any position of the corresponding battery module; The grating strain sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the corresponding battery module and is located at the axis position of the outer surface.

3. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring device further comprises: a plurality of first optical fibers and a first modem; Each of the grating temperature sensors is coupled to a corresponding first optical fiber, so as to transmit the first optical signal emitted by the grating temperature sensor to the first modem through the corresponding first optical fiber; The first modem converts the first optical signal into the current temperature of the corresponding battery module, and transmits the current temperature of each battery module to the control device through the first communication bus.

4. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device comprises: a parameter processing unit, configured to compare the current temperature and / or the current deformation of each battery module with a preset value to determine a current state of each battery module; and The protection unit performs a corresponding level of protection in response to a current state of each of the battery modules.

5. The monitoring and protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The protection unit can perform three levels of protection actions, among which the first level protection action corresponds to heating the battery module, the second level protection action corresponds to alarming and disconnecting the switch, and the third level protection action corresponds to activating the fire extinguishing device.

6. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the control device determines that the current temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature and the current deformation amount is less than the first preset deformation amount, the protection unit performs the first level protection action.

7. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature, and the current deformation amount is less than the second preset deformation amount, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

8. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the control device determines that the current deformation amount is greater than or equal to the first preset deformation amount and less than the second preset deformation amount, and the current temperature is less than the third preset temperature, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

9. The monitoring and protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to a third preset temperature, or the current deformation amount is greater than or equal to a second preset deformation amount, the protection unit performs the third level protection action.

10. An energy storage device, comprising a monitoring and protection system, at least one energy storage element, a switch, and a load, wherein: The switch is coupled between the at least one energy storage element and the load, and the monitoring and protection system is coupled to the at least one energy storage element and the switch. The monitoring and protection system includes: A temperature monitoring device, comprising a plurality of grating temperature sensors, wherein each of the grating temperature sensors is disposed on a corresponding energy storage element, and is configured to obtain a current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element through each grating temperature sensor; A deformation monitoring device, comprising a plurality of grating strain sensors, wherein each of the grating strain sensors is arranged on a corresponding energy storage element, and is used to obtain a current deformation amount of the corresponding energy storage element through each grating deformation sensor; a control device coupled to the temperature monitoring device and the deformation monitoring device, configured to receive the current temperature and the current deformation of each of the energy storage elements, and control the protection unit to perform a corresponding protection action according to the received signals; The deformation monitoring device further includes: a plurality of second optical fibers, a second modem, and a deformation calculation unit; Each of the grating strain sensors is coupled to a corresponding second optical fiber, so as to transmit the second optical signal emitted by the grating strain sensor to the second modem through the corresponding second optical fiber; The second modem converts the second optical signal into the current strain of the corresponding energy storage element, and transmits the current strain of each energy storage element to the deformation calculation unit via a second communication bus; The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation of each energy storage element according to the current strain and storage parameters of each energy storage element, and transmits the current deformation of each energy storage element to the control device through a third communication bus; The deformation calculation unit determines the current deformation amount of each energy storage element according to the following formula: , Z1 is the current deformation of each of the energy storage elements, y1 is the storage parameter, and ε1 is the current strain of each of the energy storage elements.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that The grating temperature sensor is arranged at any position of the corresponding energy storage element; The grating strain sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the corresponding energy storage element and is located at the axis position of the outer surface.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that The temperature monitoring device further comprises: a plurality of first optical fibers and a first modem; Each of the grating temperature sensors is coupled to a corresponding first optical fiber, so as to transmit the first optical signal emitted by the grating temperature sensor to the first modem through the corresponding first optical fiber; The first modem converts the first optical signal into the current temperature of the corresponding energy storage element, and transmits the current temperature of each energy storage element to the control device via a first communication bus.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that The control device comprises: a parameter processing unit, configured to compare the current temperature and / or the current deformation of each of the energy storage elements with a preset value to determine a current state of each of the energy storage elements; and The protection unit performs a corresponding level of protection in response to a current state of each of the energy storage elements.

14. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that The protection unit can perform three levels of protection actions, wherein the first level protection action corresponds to heating the energy storage element, the second level protection action corresponds to alarming and disconnecting the switch, and the third level protection action corresponds to activating the fire extinguishing device.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that If the control device determines that the current temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature and the current deformation amount is less than the first preset deformation amount, the protection unit performs the first level protection action.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 14, wherein If the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature and less than the third preset temperature, and the current deformation amount is less than the second preset deformation amount, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

17. The energy storage device according to claim 14, wherein If the control device determines that the current deformation amount is greater than or equal to the first preset deformation amount and less than the second preset deformation amount, and the current temperature is less than the third preset temperature, the protection unit performs the second level protection action.

18. The energy storage device according to claim 14, wherein If the control device determines that the current temperature is greater than or equal to a third preset temperature, or the current deformation amount is greater than or equal to a second preset deformation amount, the protection unit performs the third level protection action.

Images