Internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of energy recovery and reuse technology, and specifically relates to an internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system and method. It includes an internal combustion engine, an exhaust pipe, a heat exchange system, an energy conversion system, a fuel cell, an air compressor and a heating device; the exhaust pipe is connected to the energy conversion system, the fuel cell, the air compressor and the heating device in sequence through the heat exchange system to form a cycle, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is discharged from the exhaust pipe. The present invention installs a first heat exchange coil in the exhaust pipe, a second heat exchange coil in the internal combustion engine housing, a third heat exchange coil in the vaporizer, and a fifth heat exchange coil in the fuel cell engine housing. The cold energy in the vaporizer can be used to cool the air, and the frozen cooling air can act as the working gas of the air bearing, which can better control the temperature rise of the air bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy recovery and reuse, and in particular relates to a system and method for recovering and reusing energy of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell hybrid power. Background Art

[0002] An internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid system primarily consists of key components such as the engine, fuel cell engine, battery, and DC / AC converter. These components generate significant heat during normal operation, and the fuel cell engine exhibits a delay during cold starts. Therefore, effective thermal management of these key components is essential to ensure rapid warm-up and operation within an appropriate temperature range, ensuring stable and efficient powertrain output.

[0003] Currently, independent control schemes are commonly used for thermal management in internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid systems. Specifically, the internal combustion engine utilizes a separate thermal management system controlled by the ECU, while the fuel cell engine utilizes a separate cooling system controlled by the FCU. However, these ECUs and FCUs cannot effectively recover energy, and sometimes require additional cooling or heating equipment, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power energy recovery and reuse system and method.

[0005] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is: a hybrid energy recovery and reuse system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, comprising an internal combustion engine, an exhaust pipe, a heat exchange system, an energy conversion system, a fuel cell, an air compressor and a heating device; the exhaust pipe is connected to the energy conversion system, the fuel cell, the air compressor and the heating device in sequence through the heat exchange system to form a cycle; the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat exchange system includes a second pump, a first heat exchange coil, a separation chamber, a first pump, a second heat exchange coil, a third heat exchange coil, a fourth heat exchange coil, and a fifth heat exchange coil; the first heat exchange coil is located in the exhaust pipe, the second heat exchange coil is located in the internal combustion engine housing, the third heat exchange coil is located in the vaporizer, the fourth heat exchange coil is located in the cooling chamber, and the fifth heat exchange coil is located in the fuel cell engine housing;

[0007] The outside of the vaporizer is connected to a liquid hydrogen tank through a pumping system. Liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen tank. The liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen through the vaporizer. The outlet of the vaporizer is transported to the anode plate of the fuel cell. The second pump is connected to the first heat exchange coil and the separation chamber in sequence through the second three-way valve and the pipeline. The other outlet of the second three-way valve is connected to the heating device. The outlet of the heating device is connected to the separation chamber. The separation chamber is connected to the first pump. The outlet of the first pump is connected to the third three-way valve. One outlet of the third three-way valve is connected to the second heat exchange coil, and the other outlet is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil. The outlets of the second heat exchange coil and the fifth heat exchange coil are both connected to the energy conversion system, the outlet of the energy conversion system is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve through a pipeline, one outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the third heat exchange coil, and the other outlet is connected to the fuel cell, the outlet of the third heat exchange coil is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchange coil, the fuel cell is connected to the inlet of the second pump, the outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil is connected to the inlet of the second pump, the air compressor outlet is respectively connected to the fuel cell cathode plate and the cooling chamber, and the outlet of the cooling chamber transports the gas to the air bearing arranged in the air compressor.

[0008] Furthermore, the energy conversion system includes a first energy conversion system and a second energy conversion system. The first energy conversion system includes a connected first expander and a first generator. The inlet of the first expander is respectively connected to the second heat exchange coil and the fifth heat exchange coil. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electrical energy; the second energy conversion system includes a connected second expander and a second generator. The inlet of the second expander is connected to the separation chamber. The gaseous working fluid expands and performs work through the second expander, driving the second generator to generate electrical energy; the liquid outlets of the first expander and the second expander are connected together to the inlet of the first three-way valve.

[0009] Furthermore, the cooling chamber is divided into an upper cooling chamber and a lower cooling chamber by the fourth heat exchange coil, the lower cooling chamber is connected to the cooling water; the upper cooling chamber inlet is connected to the branch of the air compressor outlet, and the upper cooling chamber outlet is connected to the dryer.

[0010] A recycling method using the above internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system comprises:

[0011] Internal combustion engine driving mode: The vehicle controller selectively controls the internal combustion engine to drive alone, and at the same time, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve to connect the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander to the fuel cell engine; the vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve to connect the second pump to the first heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve to connect the first pump to the second heat exchange coil; the second pump pressurizes and delivers the mixed working medium to the first heat exchange coil, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine passes through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas heats the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil in the exhaust pipe, and evaporates part of the liquid mixed working medium in advance, and the liquid mixed working medium entering the separation chamber is separated. The liquid working medium is pressurized by the first pump and transported to the second heat exchange coil of the internal combustion engine housing for heat exchange, and the liquid working medium is heated to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity; the gaseous working medium directly enters the second expander after passing through the gas outlet of the separation chamber, expands and performs work through the second expander, and drives the second generator to generate electricity; after the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet, the liquid mixed working medium is input into the fuel cell engine, which can preheat the fuel cell engine; the mixed working medium after preheating the fuel cell engine is transported to the inlet of the second pump, forming a closed loop;

[0012] Fuel cell engine driving mode: The vehicle controller selectively controls the fuel cell engine to drive alone, and at the same time, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve so that the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet and are connected to the third heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve so that the second pump is connected to the heating device; the vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve so that the first pump is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil; the second pump pressurizes and transports the mixed working fluid to the heating device, and the heating device heats the mixed working fluid, and evaporates part of the liquid mixed working fluid in advance, and the liquid mixed working fluid entering the separation chamber is divided into gaseous working fluid and liquid working fluid; the liquid working fluid is pressurized by the first pump and transported to the fifth heat exchange coil for heat exchange, and the liquid working fluid is heated to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity; the gaseous working fluid passes through After the gas outlet of the separation chamber, it directly enters the second expander, expands and performs work through the second expander, and drives the second generator to generate electricity; after the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet, the liquid mixed working medium is heat exchanged in the heat exchanger to reduce the temperature, and then input into the inlet of the third heat exchange coil; the liquid mixed working medium obtains lower cold energy after passing through the third heat exchange coil; the liquid mixed working medium with lower cold energy is input into the fourth heat exchange coil, and the fourth heat exchange coil is located between the lower cooling chamber and the upper cooling chamber, and can simultaneously transfer cold energy to the medium in the lower cooling chamber and the upper cooling chamber; the outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil is connected to the second pump to form a closed loop; the inlet of the upper cooling chamber is connected to the branch of the air compressor outlet, and part of the air becomes refrigerated air after entering the upper cooling chamber. The outlet of the upper cooling chamber passes through the dryer and is input into the air bearing, which is used to provide the air pressure required for the operation of the air bearing and cool the air bearing;

[0013] Hybrid drive of internal combustion engine and fuel cell engine: the vehicle controller selectively controls the fuel cell engine and the internal combustion engine to drive together, and at the same time the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve so that the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander intersect and are connected to the third heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve so that the second pump is connected to the first heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve so that the first pump is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil or the second heat exchange coil, and the second pump pressurizes and transports the mixed working medium to the first heat exchange coil, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine passes through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas heats the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil in the exhaust pipe, and part of the working medium in the liquid mixed working medium evaporates in advance, and the liquid mixed working medium entering the separation chamber is divided into gaseous working medium and liquid working medium; the liquid working medium is pressurized and transported to the fifth heat exchange coil for heat exchange by the first pump, and the liquid working medium is heated and converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, or the liquid working medium is pressurized and transported by the first pump The liquid working medium enters the second heat exchange coil for heat exchange, where it is heated and converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity. The gaseous working medium passes through the gas outlet of the separation chamber and directly enters the second expander, where it expands and performs work, driving the second generator to generate electricity. After the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet, the liquid mixed working medium is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger and then input into the inlet of the third heat exchange coil. After passing through the third heat exchange coil, the liquid mixed working medium obtains lower cooling energy and is input into the fourth heat exchange coil. The outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil is connected to the second pump, forming a closed loop. The inlet of the upper cooling chamber is connected to a branch of the air compressor outlet. Part of the air enters the upper cooling chamber and becomes refrigerated air. The outlet of the upper cooling chamber passes through a dryer and is input into the air bearing to provide the air pressure required for the air bearing to work and cool the air bearing.

[0014] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following positive effects:

[0015] (1) The present invention installs a first heat exchange coil in the exhaust pipe, a second heat exchange coil in the internal combustion engine housing, a third heat exchange coil in the vaporizer, and a fifth heat exchange coil in the fuel cell engine housing. The cold energy in the vaporizer can be used to cool the air. The frozen cooling air can serve as the working gas of the air bearing, which can better control the temperature rise of the air bearing.

[0016] (2) In the internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power device of the present invention, according to three driving modes, the maximum utilization of heat energy and cold energy is achieved through different pipelines.

[0017] (3) In the present invention, the cooling chamber of the air compressor housing is divided into an upper cooling chamber and a lower cooling chamber by the fourth heat exchange coil. Normal cooling water can flow in the lower cooling chamber, and the gas output by the air compressor flows in the upper cooling chamber. The fourth heat exchange coil contains a mixed working medium for obtaining cold energy, and the cold energy is transferred to the upper cooling chamber and the lower cooling chamber through the mixed working medium.

[0018] (4) The present invention uses a mixed working fluid, which is a mixture of working fluids with different boiling points. The mixed working fluid utilizes the working fluids with different boiling points to reasonably recover heat energy and convert the heat energy into electrical energy.

[0019] (5) The present invention can recycle excess energy and use the recovered heat energy to generate electricity for power supply. In addition, the recovered heat energy can also preheat the engine and provide energy for the carburetor. The recovered cold energy can be used to cool the air bearing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cooling chamber of the air compressor casing of the present invention.

[0023] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are:

[0024] 1. Internal combustion engine; 2. Exhaust pipe; 2-1. First heat exchange coil; 3. Separation chamber; 4. First pump; 5. Internal combustion engine casing; 5-1. Second heat exchange coil; 6. First expander; 7. First generator; 8. Second expander; 9. Second generator; 10. Liquid working fluid; 11. Gaseous working fluid; 12. Vaporizer; 12-1. Third heat exchange coil; 13. Liquid hydrogen tank; 14. Cooling chamber; 14-1. Upper cooling chamber; 14-2. Lower cooling chamber; 14-3. Fourth heat exchange coil; 15. Second pump; 16. Air compressor; 17. Fuel cell; 18. Air bearing; 19. First three-way valve; 20. Second three-way valve; 21. Heating device; 22. Fuel cell engine casing; 22-1. Fifth heat exchange coil; 23. Third three-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] In the internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid vehicle of the present invention, an internal combustion engine 1 and an engine driven by a fuel cell 17 are generally connected in parallel and then connected to a front-wheel drive axle or a rear-wheel drive axle. The vehicle controller selectively controls the internal combustion engine 1 to drive alone, the fuel cell 17 to drive alone, or a combination of the internal combustion engine 1 and the fuel cell 17. The system includes three drive modes: internal combustion engine drive mode, fuel cell engine drive mode, and hybrid drive mode, which maximize fuel utilization and reduce emissions. An air compressor 16 provides air to the fuel cell 17, and liquid hydrogen provides hydrogen to the fuel cell 17 through a vaporizer 12.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system of the present invention includes an internal combustion engine 1, an exhaust pipe 2, a heat exchange system, an energy conversion system, a fuel cell 17, an air compressor, and a heating device. The exhaust pipe is connected to the energy conversion system, the fuel cell, the air compressor 16, and the heating device 21 in sequence through the heat exchange system to form a loop. The exhaust pipe is connected to the tail end of the internal combustion engine 1, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 1 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 2. The liquid hydrogen tank 13 stores liquid hydrogen and is connected to the vaporizer 12 through a pumping system. The vaporizer 12 converts the liquid hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen. The outlet of the vaporizer 12 is then transported to the anode plate of the fuel cell 17. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 1 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 2. The heat exchange system includes a second pump 15, a first heat exchange coil 2-1, a separation chamber 3, a first pump 4, a second heat exchange coil 5-1, a third heat exchange coil 12-1, a fourth heat exchange coil 14-3, and a fifth heat exchange coil 22-1. The first heat exchange coil 2-1 is located in the exhaust pipe 2, the second heat exchange coil 5-1 is located in the internal combustion engine housing 5, and the third heat exchange coil 12-1 is located in the vaporizer 12; the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 is located in the fuel cell engine housing 22, and the energy conversion system includes a first energy conversion system and a second energy conversion system.

[0029] Another outlet of the second three-way valve 20 is connected to the heating device 21, and the outlet of the heating device 21 is connected to the separation chamber 3. The separation chamber 3 is connected to the first pump 4. The outlet of the first pump 4 is connected to the third three-way valve 23. One outlet of the third three-way valve 23 is connected to the second heat exchange coil 5-1, and the other outlet is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1. The outlets of the second heat exchange coil 5-1 and the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 are both connected to the energy conversion system. The outlet of the energy conversion system is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve 19 through a pipeline. One outlet of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the third heat exchange coil 12-1, and the other outlet is connected to the fuel cell 17. The outlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1 is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3. The fuel cell 17 is connected to the inlet of the second pump 15, and the outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 is connected to the inlet of the second pump 15. The outlet of the air compressor 16 is connected to the cathode plate of the fuel cell 17 and the cooling chamber 14 respectively. The outlet of the cooling chamber 14 transports gas to the air bearing 18 provided in the air compressor 16. The second pump 15 is connected to the first heat exchange coil 2-1 and the separation chamber 3 via a pipeline. The pipeline is filled with a mixed working medium, which is a mixture of working mediums with different boiling points, with at least one working medium having a boiling point between 5°C and 25°C, and another working medium having a boiling point between 50°C and 65°C. The mixed working medium is pressurized and transported to the first heat exchange coil 2-1 by the second pump 15. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 1 prematurely evaporates part of the liquid mixed working medium, resulting in the liquid mixed working medium entering the separation chamber 3 being divided into a gaseous working medium 11 and a liquid working medium 10. The liquid working medium 10 is pressurized and transported by the first pump 4 to the second heat exchange coil 5-1 within the internal combustion engine housing 5 for heat exchange, where it is heated to form a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Alternatively, the liquid working medium 10 is pressurized and transported by the first pump 4 to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 within the fuel cell engine housing 22 for heat exchange, where it is heated to form a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The outlet of the first pump 4 is connected to the third three-way valve 23, one outlet of the third three-way valve 23 is connected to the second heat exchange coil 5-1, and the other outlet of the third three-way valve 23 is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the first energy conversion system; the gaseous working medium 11 directly enters the second energy conversion system after passing through the gas outlet of the separation chamber 3.

[0030] The liquid produced by the first and second energy conversion systems can be directly fed into the third heat exchange coil 12-1 within the vaporizer 12. If the produced liquid temperature is too high, it can be cooled and heat exchanged, and the cooled liquid can be fed into the third heat exchange coil 12-1 within the vaporizer 12 to convert the liquid hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen. The first energy conversion system includes a first expander 6 and a first generator 7. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas expands through the first expander 6 to produce work, driving the first generator 7 to generate electricity. The second energy conversion system includes a second expander 8 and a second generator 9. The gaseous working medium 11 expands through the second expander 8 to produce work, driving the second generator 9 to generate electricity.

[0031] The liquid outlet of the first expander 6 and the liquid outlet of the second expander 8 meet and then connect to the inlet of the first three-way valve 19. One outlet of the first three-way valve 19 connects to the inlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. This allows the liquid outlet of the first expander 6 and the liquid outlet of the second expander 8 to connect directly to the inlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. If the temperature of the liquid after the liquid outlet of the first expander 6 and the liquid outlet of the second expander 8 meet is too high, a heat exchanger can be connected after one outlet of the first three-way valve 19 to reduce the temperature through heat exchange before entering the inlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. The other outlet of the first three-way valve 19 connects to the fuel cell engine for preheating the fuel cell engine.

[0032] The liquid at the liquid outlet of the first expander 6 and the liquid outlet of the second expander 8 can be understood as a liquid mixed medium. This liquid mixed medium passes through the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12, obtaining a lower cooling energy. The liquid mixed medium with a lower cooling energy is then fed into the cooling chamber 14 of the air compressor 16 casing to cool the compressor 16. The outlet of the cooling chamber 14, or the outlet of the fuel cell engine, is connected to the second pump 15, forming a circulation pipeline.

[0033] The outlet of the air compressor 16 is connected to the cathode plate of the fuel cell 17. A branch is provided at the outlet of the air compressor 16, connecting the outlet of the air compressor 16 to the cooling chamber 14 to obtain refrigerated air. The outlet of the cooling chamber 14 passes through a dryer and is then input into the air bearing 18 within the air compressor 16, providing the air pressure required for the operation of the air bearing 18 and cooling the air bearing 18.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the cooling chamber 14 of the air compressor 16 casing is divided into an upper cooling chamber 14-1 and a lower cooling chamber 14-2 by a fourth heat exchange coil 14-3. The lower cooling chamber 14-2 is connected to cooling water, which is the circulating water used to cool the air compressor in the prior art and is therefore omitted from the schematic diagram. The inlet of the upper cooling chamber 14-1 is connected to a branch of the air compressor 16 outlet, and the outlet of the upper cooling chamber 14-1 is connected to the dryer. One end of the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 is connected to the outlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1, and the other end of the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 is connected to the second pump 15.

[0035] When the fuel cell engine works alone, there is no exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 2, so the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil 2-1 cannot be heated. Therefore, the outlet of the second pump 15 is connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve 20, and one outlet of the second three-way valve 20 is connected to the first heat exchange coil 2-1, and the other outlet of the second three-way valve 20 is connected to the separation chamber 3 through the heating device 21 or the heating equipment.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A recycling method using the internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recycling system of Example 1, the method comprising:

[0038] Internal combustion engine drive mode: The vehicle controller selectively controls the internal combustion engine 1 to drive independently. Simultaneously, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve 19, connecting the liquid outlets of the first expander 6 and the second expander 8 to the fuel cell engine. The vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve 20, connecting the second pump 15 to the first heat exchange coil 2-1. The vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve 23, connecting the first pump 4 to the second heat exchange coil 5-1. The second pump 15 pressurizes the mixed working medium and delivers it to the first heat exchange coil 2-1. The exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 1 passes through the exhaust pipe 2, heating the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil 2-1 within the exhaust pipe 2, prematurely evaporating some of the liquid mixed working medium. The liquid mixed working medium, which enters the separation chamber 3, is then divided into a gaseous working medium 11 and a liquid working medium 10. The liquid working medium 10 is pressurized by the first pump 4 and transported to the second heat exchange coil 5-1 within the internal combustion engine housing 5 for heat exchange, where it is heated and transformed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas expands in the first expander 6, generating work and driving the first generator 7 to generate electricity. After passing through the gas outlet of the separation chamber 3, the gaseous working medium 11 directly enters the second expander 8, where it expands and generates work, driving the second generator 9 to generate electricity. After the liquid outlets of the first expander 6 and the second expander 8 meet, the liquid mixed working medium is fed into the fuel cell engine, preheating it. The mixed working medium after preheating the fuel cell engine is delivered to the inlet of the second pump 15 to form a closed loop.

[0039] Fuel Cell Engine Drive Mode: The vehicle controller selectively controls the fuel cell engine to operate independently. Simultaneously, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve 19, allowing the liquid outlets of the first expander 6 and the second expander 8 to converge and connect to the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. The vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve 20, connecting the second pump 15 to the heating device 21. The vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve 23, connecting the first pump 4 to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1. The second pump 15 pressurizes and delivers the mixed refrigerant to the heating device 21. The heating device 21 heats the mixed refrigerant, prematurely evaporating part of the liquid mixed refrigerant. The liquid mixed refrigerant entering the separation chamber 3 is then separated into a gaseous refrigerant 11 and a liquid refrigerant 10. The liquid refrigerant 10 is then pressurized by the first pump 4 and transported to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 within the fuel cell engine housing 22 for heat exchange, heating the liquid refrigerant 10 to a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. High-temperature, high-pressure gas expands and generates work in the first expander 6, driving the first generator 7 to generate electricity. The gaseous working medium 11 passes through the gas outlet of the separation chamber 3 and directly enters the second expander 8, where it expands and generates work, driving the second generator 9 to generate electricity. After the liquid outlets of the first expander 6 and the second expander 8 meet, the liquid mixture undergoes heat exchange in a heat exchanger to reduce its temperature before being introduced into the inlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. The liquid mixture, after passing through the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12, receives a lower level of cooling energy. The lowered cooling energy of the liquid mixture is then introduced into the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 within the cooling chamber 14 of the air compressor 16 casing. The fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 is located between the lower cooling chamber 14-2 and the upper cooling chamber 14-1, transferring cooling energy to the media in both the lower cooling chamber 14-2 and the upper cooling chamber 14-1. The outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 is connected to the second pump 15, forming a closed loop. The inlet of the upper cooling chamber 14-1 is connected to a branch of the outlet of the air compressor 16. Some air enters the upper cooling chamber 14-1 and becomes refrigerated. The air at the outlet of the upper cooling chamber 14-1 passes through a dryer and is then fed into the air bearing 18 within the air compressor 16, providing the necessary pressure and cooling for the air bearing 18.

[0040] It should be noted that the fuel cell engine housing 22 where the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 is mounted is not located at the same location within the fuel cell engine where the liquid mixed working fluid is input. The fuel cell engine housing 22 where the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 is mounted can be understood as the location where the highest heat is generated during fuel cell engine operation. Furthermore, when the fuel cell engine is in driving mode, the heating temperature of the heating device 21 generally does not exceed 40°C; only a portion of the working fluid needs to be evaporated.

[0041] Hybrid drive of the internal combustion engine and fuel cell engine: The vehicle controller selectively controls the fuel cell engine and the internal combustion engine to drive together. At the same time, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve 19 so that the liquid outlet of the first expander 6 and the liquid outlet of the second expander 8 meet and then connect to the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. The vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve 20 so that the second pump 15 connects to the first heat exchange coil 2-1. The vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve 23 so that the first pump 4 connects to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 or the second heat exchange coil 5-1. The second pump 15 pressurizes the mixed working medium and transports it to the first heat exchange coil 2-1. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 1 passes through the exhaust pipe 2. The exhaust gas heats the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil 2-1 in the exhaust pipe 2, and evaporates part of the liquid mixed working medium in advance. The liquid mixed working medium entering the separation chamber 3 is divided into gaseous working medium 11 and liquid working medium 10; the liquid working medium 10 is pressurized by the first pump 4 and transported to the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 in the fuel cell engine casing 22 for heat exchange. The liquid working medium 10 is heated and converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The liquid working medium 10 can also be pressurized and transported by the first pump 4 to the second heat exchange coil 5-1 in the internal combustion engine casing 5 for heat exchange. The liquid working medium 10 is heated and turned into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. This is determined by the temperature of the internal combustion engine casing 5 and the fuel cell engine casing 22. Generally, when the temperature of the internal combustion engine casing 5 is 15 degrees higher than the temperature of the fuel cell engine casing 22, heat exchange is carried out through the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1; when the temperature of the internal combustion engine casing 5 is 15 degrees lower than the temperature of the fuel cell engine casing 22, heat exchange is carried out through the second heat exchange coil 5-1; when the difference between the temperature of the internal combustion engine casing 5 and the temperature of the fuel cell engine casing 22 is less than 15 degrees, heat exchange can be carried out through the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1, through the second heat exchange coil 5-1, or through the fifth heat exchange coil 22-1 and the second heat exchange coil 5-1. High-temperature, high-pressure gas expands and generates work in the first expander 6, driving the first generator 7 to generate electricity. The gaseous working medium 11 passes through the gas outlet of the separation chamber 3 and directly enters the second expander 8, where it expands and generates work, driving the second generator 9 to generate electricity. After the liquid outlets of the first expander 6 and the second expander 8 meet, the liquid mixture undergoes heat exchange in a heat exchanger to reduce its temperature before being introduced into the inlet of the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12. The liquid mixture, after passing through the third heat exchange coil 12-1 of the vaporizer 12, receives a lower level of cooling energy. The lowered cooling energy of the liquid mixture is then introduced into the fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 within the cooling chamber 14 of the air compressor 16 casing. The fourth heat exchange coil 14-3 is located between the lower cooling chamber 14-2 and the upper cooling chamber 14-1, transferring cooling energy to the media in both the lower cooling chamber 14-2 and the upper cooling chamber 14-1. The outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil 14 - 3 is connected to the second pump 15 to form a closed loop.The inlet of the upper cooling chamber 14 - 1 is connected to a branch of the outlet of the air compressor 16 . Part of the air enters the upper cooling chamber 14 - 1 and becomes refrigerated air. The outlet of the upper cooling chamber 14 - 1 passes through a dryer and is input into the air bearing 18 in the air compressor 16 , thereby providing the air pressure required for the operation of the air bearing 18 and cooling the air bearing 18 .

[0042] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system, characterized by: It includes an internal combustion engine, an exhaust pipe, a heat exchange system, an energy conversion system, a fuel cell, an air compressor, and a heating device; the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe exchanges heat with the heat exchange system, and the heat exchange system exchanges heat with the energy conversion system, the fuel cell, the air compressor, and the heating device in turn; the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; The heat exchange system includes a second pump, a first heat exchange coil, a separation chamber, a first pump, a second heat exchange coil, a third heat exchange coil, a fourth heat exchange coil, and a fifth heat exchange coil; the first heat exchange coil is located in the exhaust pipe, the second heat exchange coil is located in the internal combustion engine housing, the third heat exchange coil is located in the vaporizer, the fourth heat exchange coil is located in the cooling chamber, and the fifth heat exchange coil is located in the fuel cell engine housing; The outside of the vaporizer is connected to a liquid hydrogen tank through a pumping system. Liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen tank. The liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen through the vaporizer. The outlet of the vaporizer is transported to the anode plate of the fuel cell. The second pump is connected to the first heat exchange coil and the separation chamber in sequence through the second three-way valve and the pipeline. The other outlet of the second three-way valve is connected to the heating device. The outlet of the heating device is connected to the separation chamber. The separation chamber is connected to the first pump. The outlet of the first pump is connected to the third three-way valve. One outlet of the third three-way valve is connected to the second heat exchange coil, and the other outlet is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil. The outlets of the second heat exchange coil and the fifth heat exchange coil are both connected to the energy conversion system, the outlet of the energy conversion system is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve through a pipeline, one outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the third heat exchange coil, and the other outlet is connected to the fuel cell, the outlet of the third heat exchange coil is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchange coil, the fuel cell is connected to the inlet of the second pump, the outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil is connected to the inlet of the second pump, the air compressor outlet is respectively connected to the fuel cell cathode plate and the cooling chamber, and the outlet of the cooling chamber transports the gas to the air bearing arranged in the air compressor.

2. The internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy conversion system includes a first energy conversion system and a second energy conversion system. The first energy conversion system includes a connected first expander and a first generator. The inlet of the first expander is respectively connected to the second heat exchange coil and the fifth heat exchange coil. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity; the second energy conversion system includes a connected second expander and a second generator. The inlet of the second expander is connected to the separation chamber. The gaseous working medium expands and performs work through the second expander, driving the second generator to generate electricity; the liquid outlets of the first expander and the second expander are connected together to the inlet of the first three-way valve.

3. The internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling chamber is divided into an upper cooling chamber and a lower cooling chamber by the fourth heat exchange coil. The lower cooling chamber is connected to cooling water; the upper cooling chamber inlet is connected to a branch of the air compressor outlet, and the upper cooling chamber outlet is connected to the dryer.

4. A recycling method for an internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid energy recovery and reuse system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method comprises: Internal combustion engine driving mode: The vehicle controller selectively controls the internal combustion engine to drive alone, and at the same time, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve to connect the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander to the fuel cell engine; the vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve to connect the second pump to the first heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve to connect the first pump to the second heat exchange coil; the second pump pressurizes and delivers the mixed working medium to the first heat exchange coil, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine passes through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas heats the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil in the exhaust pipe, and evaporates part of the liquid mixed working medium in advance, and the liquid mixed working medium entering the separation chamber is separated. The liquid working medium is pressurized by the first pump and transported to the second heat exchange coil of the internal combustion engine housing for heat exchange, and the liquid working medium is heated to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity; the gaseous working medium directly enters the second expander after passing through the gas outlet of the separation chamber, expands and performs work through the second expander, and drives the second generator to generate electricity; after the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet, the liquid mixed working medium is input into the fuel cell engine, which can preheat the fuel cell engine; the mixed working medium after preheating the fuel cell engine is transported to the inlet of the second pump, forming a closed loop; Fuel cell engine driving mode: The vehicle controller selectively controls the fuel cell engine to drive alone, and at the same time, the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve so that the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet and are connected to the third heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve so that the second pump is connected to the heating device; the vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve so that the first pump is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil; the second pump pressurizes and transports the mixed working fluid to the heating device, and the heating device heats the mixed working fluid, and evaporates part of the liquid mixed working fluid in advance, and the liquid mixed working fluid entering the separation chamber is divided into gaseous working fluid and liquid working fluid; the liquid working fluid is pressurized by the first pump and transported to the fifth heat exchange coil for heat exchange, and the liquid working fluid is heated to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas; the high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity; the gaseous working fluid passes through After the gas outlet of the separation chamber, it directly enters the second expander, expands and performs work through the second expander, and drives the second generator to generate electricity; after the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet, the liquid mixed working medium is heat exchanged in the heat exchanger to reduce the temperature, and then input into the inlet of the third heat exchange coil; the liquid mixed working medium obtains lower cold energy after passing through the third heat exchange coil; the liquid mixed working medium with lower cold energy is input into the fourth heat exchange coil, and the fourth heat exchange coil is located between the lower cooling chamber and the upper cooling chamber, and can simultaneously transfer cold energy to the medium in the lower cooling chamber and the upper cooling chamber; the outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil is connected to the second pump to form a closed loop; the inlet of the upper cooling chamber is connected to the branch of the air compressor outlet, and part of the air becomes refrigerated air after entering the upper cooling chamber. The outlet of the upper cooling chamber passes through the dryer and is input into the air bearing, which is used to provide the air pressure required for the operation of the air bearing and cool the air bearing; Hybrid drive of internal combustion engine and fuel cell engine: the vehicle controller selectively controls the fuel cell engine and the internal combustion engine to drive together, and at the same time the vehicle controller controls the first three-way valve so that the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander intersect and are connected to the third heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the second three-way valve so that the second pump is connected to the first heat exchange coil; the vehicle controller controls the third three-way valve so that the first pump is connected to the fifth heat exchange coil or the second heat exchange coil, and the second pump pressurizes and transports the mixed working medium to the first heat exchange coil, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine passes through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas heats the mixed working medium in the first heat exchange coil in the exhaust pipe, and part of the working medium in the liquid mixed working medium evaporates in advance, and the liquid mixed working medium entering the separation chamber is divided into gaseous working medium and liquid working medium; the liquid working medium is pressurized and transported to the fifth heat exchange coil for heat exchange by the first pump, and the liquid working medium is heated and converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, or the liquid working medium is pressurized and transported by the first pump The liquid working medium enters the second heat exchange coil for heat exchange, where it is heated and converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands and performs work through the first expander, driving the first generator to generate electricity. The gaseous working medium passes through the gas outlet of the separation chamber and directly enters the second expander, where it expands and performs work, driving the second generator to generate electricity. After the liquid outlet of the first expander and the liquid outlet of the second expander meet, the liquid mixed working medium is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger and then input into the inlet of the third heat exchange coil. After passing through the third heat exchange coil, the liquid mixed working medium obtains lower cooling energy and is input into the fourth heat exchange coil. The outlet of the fourth heat exchange coil is connected to the second pump, forming a closed loop. The inlet of the upper cooling chamber is connected to a branch of the air compressor outlet. Part of the air enters the upper cooling chamber and becomes refrigerated air. The outlet of the upper cooling chamber passes through a dryer and is input into the air bearing to provide the air pressure required for the air bearing to work and cool the air bearing.

Images