Impact test load estimation test device and method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of impact load testing of aircraft engine parts, and particularly relates to an impact test load estimation test device and method, wherein the impact loading structure has a first arm and a second arm vertically connected to each other, and the connection between the first arm and the second arm is hinged to a mounting seat through a hinge point; the first arm has a first inner wall surface and a first outer wall surface opposite thereto, and the second wall has a second inner wall surface and a second outer wall surface opposite thereto, preferably, the axis of the first arm is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the second arm is parallel to the horizontal direction, and the impact loading structure has the freedom to rotate along the hinge point; the first inner wall surface has a horizontal tensile loading point, and the first outer wall surface has a horizontal thrust loading point; the second inner wall surface has a vertical thrust loading point, and the second outer wall surface has a vertical tensile loading point; it meets the thrust impact load, tensile impact load, and more flexible and diverse loading requirements in multiple directions such as horizontal and vertical directions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of impact load testing of aircraft engine parts, and in particular, relates to an impact test load estimation test device and method. Background Art

[0002] The components of the aircraft engine installation system bear important working conditions such as engine thrust transmission. In particular, the impact load generated in extreme working conditions such as blade flying out is transmitted to the components of the installation system through the main shaft, casing, etc., and each component needs to bear it to ensure that the engine does not fail and fall off from the aircraft and meet dangerous working conditions. This requires that the installation system must pass test assessments including impact load tests to fully verify the components of the installation system and lay the foundation for the whole machine to successfully pass the blade flying out containment test. Due to the complex structure of the components of the installation system, if a backup structure is used, the force transmission path is not unique; in addition, the structural design is irregular, and the existing impact test equipment such as drop hammers is either vertically downward (drop hammer) or horizontally (pendulum), resulting in that when the components of the installation system are tested, it is impossible to use one loading method to complete the loading requirements of multiple components. The function is relatively simple and cannot meet the flexible requirements of various components for impact loading methods, directions, etc. In addition, the conventional method requires impact testing in advance to determine the appropriate impact load. In addition to the inevitable impact on the test piece, the early impact commissioning test is also difficult to provide too many test pieces for early commissioning due to the high cost of the test piece. Therefore, a load estimation method is urgently needed to reduce or avoid early debugging and better protect the test piece. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an impact test load estimation test device, comprising:

[0004] The impact loading structure comprises a first arm and a second arm vertically connected to each other, and the first arm and the second arm are hinged to the mounting seat through a hinge point; the first arm comprises a first inner wall surface and a first outer wall surface opposite thereto, and the second arm comprises a second inner wall surface and a second outer wall surface opposite thereto, and preferably, the axis of the first arm is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the second arm is parallel to the horizontal direction, and the impact loading structure has the freedom to rotate along the hinge point;

[0005] The first inner wall surface has a horizontal tension loading point, and the first outer wall surface has a horizontal thrust loading point; the second inner wall surface has a vertical thrust loading point, and the second outer wall surface has a vertical tension loading point;

[0006] The second outer wall surface also has an impact point, at which a drop weight constraint cylinder with an axis perpendicular to the ground is installed, the drop weight constraint cylinder has a mass block inside the cylinder which slides axially along the drop weight constraint cylinder, the mass block is connected to a release mechanism installed on the drop weight constraint cylinder, the mass block can be lifted to a preset height by a driving device, after the mass block reaches the preset height, it can be released by the release mechanism, so that the mass block impacts the impact point, and the impact load of the impact point is transmitted to the horizontal tension loading point, the horizontal thrust loading point; the vertical thrust loading point, the vertical tension loading point, generally, the test piece is installed at the horizontal tension loading point, the horizontal thrust loading point; the vertical thrust loading point, the vertical tension loading point, and the other end of the test piece is installed on the bearing mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the horizontal tension loading point, the horizontal thrust loading point, the vertical thrust loading point and the vertical tension loading point are all located in the same plane, so that when the load at the impact point is transferred to the loading point, no load such as bending moment will be generated.

[0008] Preferably, the impact point is located at the end of the second arm. The impact point being located at the end can make the impact point farther away from the hinge point, so that the limited mass weight can generate a larger impact load on each loading point.

[0009] Preferably, there are multiple horizontal tension loading points distributed along the axial direction of the first arm; and there are multiple horizontal thrust loading points distributed along the axial direction of the first arm.

[0010] Preferably, the horizontal tension loading points and the horizontal thrust loading points correspond one to one in a direction perpendicular to the axis, that is, each horizontal tension loading point has a horizontal thrust loading point that coincides with its axis.

[0011] Preferably, the length of the first arm is greater than the length of the second arm, so that the length of the lever arm is increased.

[0012] Preferably, a bearing shaft is installed at the impact point, and the bearing shaft bears the falling impact of the mass block.

[0013] A method for estimating impact test load, using the above-mentioned impact test load estimation test device, the method comprises:

[0014] Step S1: Select any point of the horizontal tension loading point, the horizontal thrust loading point, the vertical thrust loading point or the vertical tension loading point as a test point;

[0015] Step S2: when the test point is on the first arm, obtain the distance between the test point and the hinge point along the axial direction of the first arm; when the test point is on the second arm, obtain the distance between the test point and the hinge point along the axial direction of the second arm; obtain the axial distance between the impact point and the hinge point along the second arm;

[0016] Step S3: establishing a primary relationship between the impact load of the test point and the impact load of the impact point;

[0017] Step S4: introducing a correction coefficient to correct the primary relationship to obtain an impact test load estimation model.

[0018] Preferably, it includes:

[0019] The correction coefficients include energy transfer loss attenuation coefficient α; impact load attenuation coefficient β with distance; and stiffness coefficient γ.

[0020] Preferably, the correction coefficient acquisition method is: applying an impact load to the impact point through the mass block, measuring the impact load at the impact point and measuring the impact load at the test point; obtaining the correction coefficient based on the primary relationship

[0021] The advantages of the present application include: the impact test load estimation test device of the present application can flexibly adjust the loading direction, and has the function of loading in multiple directions, meeting the requirements of thrust impact load, tensile impact load, and flexible and diverse loading in multiple directions such as horizontal and vertical directions. Based on the traditional drop hammer impact test method, the present invention realizes push and pull loading in horizontal, vertical and other directions of various components through the designed transfer loading device; that is, without changing the drop hammer loading method, the impact load loading in four directions is realized by designing a flexible loading transfer structure. At the same time, a load estimation method for impact loading is established, which is convenient for selecting the appropriate drop hammer loading weight and installation position, and is convenient for determining the appropriate drop hammer loading weight and installation position in advance, reducing the number of test piece debugging times, and achieving the purpose of protecting the test piece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an impact test load estimation test device according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a test piece and an impact test load estimation test device in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0024] 1-mounting seat; 4-impact loading structure; 5-drop weight restraint cylinder; 6-mass block; 7-release mechanism; 21-horizontal tension loading point; 22-horizontal thrust loading point; 31-vertical thrust loading point; 32-vertical tension loading point; 8-test piece connected to the horizontal tension loading point; 9-test piece connected to the vertical thrust loading point; 10-test piece connected to the vertical tension loading point; 11-test piece connected to the horizontal thrust loading point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical scheme in the implementation of this application will be described in more detail in combination with the drawings in the implementation of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described implementation is a part of the implementation of this application, not all of the implementations. The implementation described below with reference to the drawings is exemplary and is intended to be used to explain this application, and cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Based on the implementation in this application, all other implementations obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The implementation of this application is described in detail below in combination with the drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 The impact loading structure 4 shown has a first arm and a second arm vertically connected to each other, and the connection between the first arm and the second arm is hinged to the mounting base 1 through a hinge point; the first arm has a first inner wall surface and a first outer wall surface opposite thereto, and the second wall has a second inner wall surface and a second outer wall surface opposite thereto; preferably, the axis of the first arm is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the second arm is parallel to the horizontal direction, and the impact loading structure has the freedom to rotate along the hinge point.

[0027] The first inner wall surface has a horizontal tension loading point 21, and the first outer wall surface has a horizontal thrust loading point 22; the second inner wall surface has a vertical thrust loading point 31, and the second outer wall surface has a vertical tension loading point 32;

[0028] The second outer wall surface also has an impact point, at which a drop weight constraint cylinder 5 with an axis perpendicular to the ground is installed, and the drop weight constraint cylinder 5 has a mass block 6 inside the cylinder which slides axially along the drop weight constraint cylinder 5, and the mass block 6 is connected to a release mechanism 7 installed on the drop weight constraint cylinder 5, and the mass block can be lifted to a preset height by a driving device. After the mass block reaches the preset height, it can be released by the release mechanism, so that the mass block impacts the impact point, and the impact load of the impact point is transmitted to the horizontal tension loading point 21, the horizontal thrust loading point 22; the vertical thrust loading point 31, the vertical tension loading point 32. Generally, a test piece is installed at the horizontal tension loading point 21, the horizontal thrust loading point 22; the vertical thrust loading point 31, and the vertical tension loading point 32, and the other end of the test piece is installed on the bearing mechanism.

[0029] In some optional embodiments, the horizontal tension loading point 21, the horizontal thrust loading point 22, the vertical thrust loading point 31 and the vertical tension loading point 32 are all located in the same plane, so that when the load of the impact point is transferred to the loading point, no bending moment or other loads will be generated.

[0030] In some optional embodiments, the impact point is located at the end of the second arm.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, there are multiple horizontal tension loading points 21 distributed along the axial direction of the first arm; there are multiple horizontal thrust loading points 22 distributed along the axial direction of the first arm.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, the horizontal tension loading points 21 and the horizontal thrust loading points 22 correspond one to one in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

[0033] In some optional embodiments, the length of the first arm is greater than the length of the second arm.

[0034] In some optional embodiments, a bearing shaft is installed at the impact point, and the bearing shaft bears the falling impact of the mass block 6.

[0035] A method for estimating impact test load, comprising:

[0036] Step S1: Select any point of the horizontal tension loading point 21, the horizontal thrust loading point 22, the vertical thrust loading point 31 or the vertical tension loading point 32 as a test point;

[0037] Step S2: when the test point is on the first arm, obtain the distance between the test point and the hinge point along the axial direction of the first arm; when the test point is on the second arm, obtain the distance between the test point and the hinge point along the axial direction of the second arm; obtain the axial distance between the impact point and the hinge point along the second arm;

[0038] Step S3: establishing a primary relationship between the impact load of the test point and the impact load of the impact point;

[0039] Step S4: Introduce a correction coefficient to correct the primary relationship to obtain an impact test load estimation model, the correction coefficient includes an energy transfer loss attenuation coefficient α; a coefficient β of impact load attenuation with distance; and a stiffness coefficient γ. The correction coefficient is obtained by applying an impact load to the impact point through the mass block 6, measuring the impact load at the impact point and measuring the impact load at the test point; and obtaining the correction coefficient based on the primary relationship.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, when the impact load is not considered, the force balance relationship between the load at each position of the impact-loaded structure and the load at the impact position can be obtained under the static equilibrium state.

[0041] Assuming that the falling hammer generates a load F at L, the impact loads generated at L1, L2 and L3 can be obtained by the lever balance principle to obtain the primary relationship:

[0042] F L1 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / L1 (1)

[0043] F L2 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / (L1+L2) (2)

[0044] F L3 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / (L1+L2+L3) (3)

[0045] Where, F is the load at the impact position; F L1 is the impact load generated by the impact loading structure at a distance of L1 from the hinge point, F L2 is the impact load generated by the impact loading structure at a distance of L1+L2 from the hinge point, F L3 It is the impact load generated by the impact loading structure at a position L1+L2+L3 away from the hinge point.

[0046] Similarly, the primary relationship for vertical impact thrust load and horizontal push-pull impact load generated at other locations can be obtained:

[0047] Vertical thrust:

[0048] F l1 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / l1 (4)

[0049] F l2 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / (l1+l2) (5)

[0050] Horizontal tension:

[0051] F D1 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / D1 (6)

[0052] Horizontal thrust:

[0053] F S1 =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / S1 (7)

[0054] Taking the impact load at position L3 as an example, the impact load F L3 The correction includes the following steps:

[0055] Considering that there will be energy loss in the transmission process of actual impact load, the impact load amplitude will change accordingly with the result obtained by the static balance formula, and an attenuation coefficient α is set;

[0056] In addition, considering that the distance between the loading point and the impact point will also cause the impact load to change, a coefficient β is set for the impact load to decay with distance;

[0057] The stiffness of the specimen is an important influencing factor, so the stiffness coefficient γ of the specimen is introduced;

[0058] Then the impact load at position L3 becomes:

[0059]

[0060] Where E is the stiffness of the test piece, and the three coefficients α, β and γ are determined by the stiffness of the loading arm and the test piece. Similarly, the impact load amplitude in other directions can also be obtained by formula 7. Therefore, the relationship between the impact load amplitude at each position and the drop hammer impact position load F can be determined by formula 1, and F is determined by the drop hammer mass and height. Therefore, an estimation formula for the impact load amplitude can be established to facilitate the selection of appropriate loading positions and hammer parameters, reduce excessive debugging times, and ultimately reduce test costs and improve test control accuracy, which is especially important for test pieces with complex structures and high costs.

[0061] After the impact loading structure design is completed, the three coefficients α, β and γ are obtained through debugging to form the parameter library of the impact test device. When the test piece is determined, the α, β and γ parameters are called according to its stiffness to make an estimate, and the weight parameters are determined by the amplitude of the impact load applied by the design.

[0062] The impact load estimation method for each position in other loading directions is the same, which can be referred to as Formula 8, which is evolved from Formulas 1 to 7.

[0063] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An impact test load estimation test device, characterized in that: include: The impact loading structure (4) comprises a first arm and a second arm which are vertically connected to each other, and the first arm and the second arm are hinged to the mounting seat (1) via a hinge point; the first arm comprises a first inner wall surface and a first outer wall surface which is opposite to the first inner wall surface, and the second arm comprises a second inner wall surface and a second outer wall surface which is opposite to the second inner wall surface; The first inner wall surface has a horizontal tension loading point (21), and the first outer wall surface has a horizontal thrust loading point (22); the second inner wall surface has a vertical thrust loading point (31), and the second outer wall surface has a vertical tension loading point (32); The second outer wall surface also has an impact point, at which a drop weight restraint cylinder (5) with an axis perpendicular to the ground is installed, and the drop weight restraint cylinder (5) has a mass block (6) inside the cylinder that slides axially along the drop weight restraint cylinder (5), and the mass block (6) is connected to a release mechanism (7) installed on the drop weight restraint cylinder (5).

2. The impact test load estimation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal tension loading point (21), the horizontal thrust loading point (22), the vertical thrust loading point (31) and the vertical tension loading point (32) are all located in the same plane.

3. The impact test load estimation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The impact point is located at the distal end of the second arm.

4. The impact test load estimation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of horizontal tension loading points (21) distributed along the axial direction of the first arm; there are a plurality of horizontal thrust loading points (22) distributed along the axial direction of the first arm.

5. The impact test load estimation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The horizontal tension loading points (21) and the horizontal thrust loading points (22) correspond one to one in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

6. The impact test load estimation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the first arm is greater than the length of the second arm.

7. The impact test load estimation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing shaft is installed at the impact point, and the bearing shaft bears the falling impact of the mass block (6).

8. A method for estimating impact test load, using the impact test load estimation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Step S1: Select any point of the horizontal tension loading point (21), the horizontal thrust loading point (22), the vertical thrust loading point (31) or the vertical tension loading point (32) as a test point; Step S2: when the test point is on the first arm, obtain the distance between the test point and the hinge point along the axial direction of the first arm; when the test point is on the second arm, obtain the distance between the test point and the hinge point along the axial direction of the second arm; obtain the axial distance between the impact point and the hinge point along the second arm; Step S3: Establishing a primary relationship between the impact load of the test point and the impact load of the impact point, specifically comprising: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">F<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> L1 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / L1 (1) <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">F<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> L2 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / (L1+L2) (2) <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">F<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> L3 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> =F(L1+L2+L3+L) / (L1+L2+L3) (3) F L1 is the impact load generated by the impact loading structure at a distance of L1 from the hinge point, F L2 is the impact load generated by the impact loading structure at a distance of L1+L2 from the hinge point, F L3 is the impact load generated by the impact loading structure at a position L1+L2+L3 away from the hinge point, and F is the load at the impact position; Step S4: Introduce correction coefficients to correct the primary relationship to obtain an impact test load estimation model; the correction coefficients include energy transfer loss attenuation coefficient α; impact load attenuation coefficient β with distance; stiffness coefficient γ; impact load F L3 The correction includes the following steps: Then the impact load at position L3 becomes: Where E is the stiffness of the specimen, and the three coefficients α, β and γ are determined by the stiffness coefficients of the loading arm and the specimen.

9. The impact test load estimation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The correction coefficient acquisition method comprises: applying an impact load to the impact point through the mass block (6), measuring the impact load at the impact point and measuring the impact load at the test point; and obtaining the correction coefficient based on the primary relationship.

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