Battery monitoring system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery monitoring system, comprising a battery module, an integrated control module, a composite monitoring module, a battery pack monitoring module, and a monitoring management module. The present invention, by providing the composite monitoring module, is capable of detecting electrolyte information of each battery, monitoring each battery at a chemical level, and effectively monitoring and managing the operating status of each battery. The battery pack monitoring module is capable of collecting the charge / discharge current signals and output voltage signals of the battery modules and transmitting charge transition instructions and operating mode switching instructions to the integrated control module, effectively monitoring and managing the operating status of each battery. The monitoring management module is capable of issuing corresponding alarms and switching the operating mode of each battery based on the electrolyte information of each battery and the charge / discharge current information and output voltage information of the battery modules, effectively monitoring and managing the operating status of each battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery monitoring, and in particular to a battery monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Battery: It is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It is a battery designed to be rechargeable and is recharged through a reversible chemical reaction. It usually refers to a lead-acid battery, which is a type of battery and is a secondary battery.

[0003] The working principle of the battery: when charging, it uses external electrical energy to regenerate the internal active substances and store the electrical energy as chemical energy. When it needs to be discharged, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy again for output, such as the mobile phone batteries commonly used in life.

[0004] Battery monitoring: The battery monitoring system uses the battery internal resistance, battery terminal voltage, battery pack total voltage, battery pack total current and the temperature of the battery pack environment as the main monitoring parameters. It monitors the battery performance and status in real time and analyzes the battery performance development trend to judge the battery life.

[0005] With the development of society, the application of batteries in production activities has become very extensive. However, after long-term use, batteries will produce various problems. By monitoring various indicators of battery electrolyte, the normal operation of the battery can be ensured at the chemical level. By monitoring the battery output voltage and operating current, the battery working mode can be determined. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a battery monitoring system to overcome the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to monitor the operating status of the battery by detecting multiple indicators of the battery and issue corresponding alarms to ensure the normal operation of the battery.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery monitoring system, comprising:

[0008] A battery module includes two battery groups, each battery group includes a plurality of batteries for supplying power to an external load;

[0009] An integrated control module, which is a diesel-electric centralized control device, is connected to the battery module and is used to receive charging switching instructions and control the charging of each battery;

[0010] A composite monitoring module includes a detection device respectively provided in each of the batteries, each detection device being provided with an independent density sensor and liquid level sensor, wherein the density sensor is used to detect electrolyte density information, electrolyte temperature information, and battery voltage information of the battery, and the liquid level sensor is used to detect electrolyte level information of the battery;

[0011] a battery pack monitoring module, connected to the battery switch board of the battery module and the integrated control module, respectively, for collecting the charge and discharge current signals and output voltage signals of the battery module and transmitting charge level switching instructions and working mode switching instructions to the integrated control module;

[0012] The monitoring and management module is an all-in-one computer. The monitoring and management module is equipped with battery monitoring and management system software. The monitoring and management module is connected to the battery pack monitoring modules to monitor each battery. When the system is running, the monitoring and management module receives the voltage signal, charging current signal, discharging current signal, electrolyte density signal, electrolyte liquid level height signal and electrolyte temperature signal of each battery, and determines the specific situation of the system based on the received signals; the monitoring and management module can also determine whether to send a charging level change signal instruction based on the voltage signal and switch the working mode of the battery module based on the charging current signal and the discharging current signal.

[0013] Furthermore, the density sensor uses the tuning fork vibration principle to detect the density of the electrolyte of the corresponding battery and the density sensor is provided with a bubble isolation device for isolating bubbles in the electrolyte;

[0014] The monitoring and management module is provided with an upper limit constant Dmax and a lower limit constant Dmin of the electrolyte density. When the battery is in operation, the monitoring and management module controls the density sensor to sequentially detect the natural period T1 of the tuning fork vibrating at the natural frequency and the resonance period T2 generated when the measured electrolyte contacts the tuning fork vibrating at the natural frequency, calculates the measured electrolyte density D when the density sensor completes detection, determines whether to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte based on D, and issues an alarm when it is determined that temperature compensation is required for the electrolyte, setting D = K0 + K1 × T1 + K2 × T2, where K0 is the medium density constant, K1 is the first medium proportional coefficient, and K2 is the second medium proportional coefficient;

[0015] If D>Dmax or D<Dmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in the battery does not meet the standard, calculates the electrolyte density difference and adjusts the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value according to the difference to perform temperature compensation for the electrolyte in the battery;

[0016] If Dmin≤D≤Dmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density of the battery meets the standard, preliminarily determines that the battery is qualified, and further determines whether the battery is operating normally based on the operating temperature of the battery;

[0017] The monitoring and management module is further provided with a first preset electrolyte density difference ΔD1, a second preset electrolyte density difference ΔD2, a first preset temperature compensation coefficient α1, a second preset temperature compensation coefficient α2, and a third preset temperature compensation coefficient α3, wherein ΔD1 < ΔD2, 0.8 < α1 < α2 < α3 < 1;

[0018] When D>Dmax or D<Dmin, the monitoring and management module calculates the electrolyte density difference △D,

[0019] If ΔD≤ΔD1, the monitoring and management module uses α3 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery;

[0020] If ΔD1<ΔD≤ΔD2, the monitoring and management module uses α2 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery;

[0021] If ΔD>ΔD2, the monitoring and management module uses α1 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery;

[0022] When the monitoring and management module uses αi to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to the corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery, i is set to 1, 2, 3,

[0023] If D>Dmax, set △D=D-Dmax, the compensated temperature is recorded as Ta, and set Ta=T0×(2-αi), where T0 is the initial temperature of the electrolyte in the battery;

[0024] If D<Dmin, set △D=Dmin-D, the temperature after compensation is recorded as Tb, and set Tb=T0×αi;

[0025] When the monitoring and management module completes adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte in a single battery, the monitoring and management module re-detects the electrolyte D' in the battery. If D'>Dmax or D'<Dmin, the monitoring and management module recalculates the electrolyte density difference ΔD' and re-adjusts the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to the corresponding value based on ΔD'.

[0026] Furthermore, the monitoring and management module is provided with a temperature upper limit constant Tmax and a temperature lower limit constant Tmin. When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery meets the standard, the monitoring and management module compares the operating temperature T of the battery with Tmax and Tmin and makes a judgment based on the comparison result;

[0027] If T>Tmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery operating temperature is too high and the heat dissipation device is faulty, and issues a high temperature alarm;

[0028] If Tmax≥T≥Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery operating temperature is normal, does not issue an alarm, and further determines whether the battery is operating normally based on the battery liquid level;

[0029] If T<Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the operating temperature of the battery is too low and there is a fault in the battery, and issues a low temperature alarm.

[0030] Furthermore, when the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery does not meet the standard and the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte temperature needs to be increased to Ta, the monitoring and management module compares Ta with Tmax. If Ta≤Tmax, the monitoring and management module increases the electrolyte temperature in the battery to Ta to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery. If Ta>Tmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte in the battery is oversaturated and issues an alarm.

[0031] When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery does not meet the standard and the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte temperature needs to be increased to Tb, the monitoring and management module compares Tb with Tmin. If Tb≥Tmin, the monitoring and management module increases the electrolyte temperature in the battery to Ta to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery. If Tb<Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte in the battery has deteriorated and issues an alarm.

[0032] Furthermore, the monitoring and management module is provided with a liquid level upper limit constant Hmax and a liquid level lower limit constant Hmin. When the operating temperature and electrolyte density of each battery meet the standards, the monitoring and management module compares the electrolyte level H of each battery with Hmax and Hmin and issues a corresponding alarm based on the comparison result.

[0033] If H>Hmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte content is abnormal and issues an over-limit alarm;

[0034] If Hmax≥H≥Hmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte content is normal and does not issue an alarm;

[0035] If H<Hmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte capacity is too low, and issues a liquid shortage alarm and a liquid replenishment alarm.

[0036] Furthermore, the monitoring and management module is provided with a first discharge conversion current constant A1, a second discharge conversion current constant A2, and a charge conversion current constant A3, and A1>A2>0>A3 is set; when each battery is working normally, the monitoring and management module compares the charge and discharge current signal A of each battery with each current constant and sends a corresponding control instruction to the composite monitoring module according to the comparison result to switch the working mode of the battery;

[0037] If A<A3 or A>A1, the monitoring and management module switches the battery operating mode to the charging mode;

[0038] If A2>A≥A3, the monitoring and management module switches the battery's operating mode to the long-term operating mode;

[0039] If A1≥A≥A2, the monitoring and management module switches the working mode of the battery to the discharge working mode.

[0040] Furthermore, the monitoring and management module is provided with a transfer ratio constant G0, a transfer voltage lower limit constant V1 and a transfer voltage upper limit constant V2, and V1 is set to be less than V2. When the battery is working normally, the monitoring and management module determines whether the voltage V in each battery meets the transfer standard. If V2≥V≥V1, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery voltage meets the transfer standard, and further detects the proportion G of batteries that meet the transfer standard. If G≥G0, a charging transfer instruction is sent to the integrated control module.

[0041] Furthermore, the battery monitoring system also includes a dual redundant power supply module and a power switching module. The dual redundant power supply module includes a first power supply and a second power supply, which are used to convert externally provided AC power into internal DC power to power each internal module. The dual redundant power supply module uses a hot redundancy design to increase the reliability of the power supply system; the power switching module includes a voltage monitoring circuit, a power switching circuit, a power supply circuit and other parts, which are used to detect whether each power supply unit is supplying power normally and automatically switch to another power supply unit when the first power supply or the second power supply cannot supply power normally.

[0042] Furthermore, the battery monitoring system adopts a CAN communication system, including a CAN hub connected to the battery pack monitoring module and a CAN bus connecting each module. The CAN bus includes a first CAN bus branch, a second CAN bus branch, a third CAN bus branch and a fourth CAN bus branch. The first CAN bus branch, the second CAN bus branch and the third CAN bus branch are respectively provided with a number of T-shaped connectors, and each connector is connected to the composite monitoring module in each battery to transmit various parameter information; the fourth CAN bus branch is used to connect the integrated control module and the monitoring management module and transmit instructions.

[0043] Furthermore, the battery monitoring system is provided with a human-computer interaction module, which is connected to the monitoring management module, and is used to display various parameters of each battery, including output voltage information, charge and discharge current information, charging power information, discharging power information and remaining power information; and is used to issue a corresponding alarm and display various parameters of the abnormal battery when there is a battery among the batteries whose electrolyte level height, electrolyte density or electrolyte temperature does not meet the standards.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are that, by setting up a composite monitoring module, the electrolyte information of each battery can be detected, each battery can be monitored at the chemical level, and effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery can be achieved; by setting up a battery pack monitoring module, the charge and discharge current signals and output voltage signals of the battery module can be collected and the charging level conversion instructions and working mode switching instructions can be transmitted to the integrated control module, thereby achieving effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery; by setting up a monitoring and management module, corresponding alarms can be issued and the working mode of each battery can be switched according to the electrolyte information of each battery and the charge and discharge current information and output voltage information of the battery module, thereby achieving effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0045] Furthermore, the present invention can accurately calculate the density of the electrolyte by setting the medium density constant and the medium proportional coefficient; by setting the electrolyte density upper limit constant and the electrolyte density upper limit constant, it can determine whether the electrolyte density meets the standard and use the temperature compensation method to recalculate the electrolyte density when it does not meet the standard and re-check whether the electrolyte density meets the standard, further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0046] Furthermore, the present invention can detect whether the operating temperature of each battery meets the standard by setting the temperature upper limit constant and the temperature lower limit constant, and issue a corresponding alarm when it does not meet the standard, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0047] Furthermore, the present invention can detect whether the electrolyte liquid level of each battery meets the standard by setting the upper limit constant and the lower limit constant of the liquid level height, and issue a corresponding alarm when it does not meet the standard, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0048] Furthermore, by setting a conversion current constant, the present invention can switch the working mode of each battery to a corresponding state according to the charge and discharge current signal of each battery when each battery is operating normally, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0049] Furthermore, the present invention can detect whether the output voltage of each battery meets the transition standard by setting the transition ratio constant and the transition voltage constant, detect the proportion of batteries that meet the transition standard, and send a charging transition instruction to effectively charge and discharge when the proportion reaches a specified threshold, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0050] Furthermore, the present invention can provide a stable power supply for the battery monitoring system by providing a dual redundant power supply module and a power switching module, thereby achieving stable monitoring and management of each battery operation status.

[0051] Furthermore, the present invention can connect various modules and transmit various parameter information and instruction information by setting up a CAN communication system, thereby realizing efficient monitoring and management of various power storage operating states.

[0052] Furthermore, the present invention can filter the leaked acid and return it to the battery by providing an acid filter vent cap, thereby reducing the loss of acid and further achieving efficient monitoring and management of each battery operation status at the chemical level.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention can intuitively display various parameter information of each battery by providing a human-computer interaction module, and further realize efficient monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery at the physical level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the battery monitoring system of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the information processing chassis of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the density sensor of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the liquid level sensor of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid level sensor of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of the acid filtering ventilation cap of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside", and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0063] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0064] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the battery monitoring system of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the information processing chassis of the present invention, including:

[0065] A battery module includes two battery groups, each battery group includes a plurality of batteries for supplying power to an external load;

[0066] An integrated control module, which is a diesel-electric centralized control device, is connected to the battery module and is used to receive charging switching instructions and control the charging of each battery;

[0067] A composite monitoring module includes a detection device respectively provided in each of the batteries, each detection device being provided with an independent density sensor and liquid level sensor, wherein the density sensor is used to detect electrolyte density information, electrolyte temperature information, and battery voltage information of the battery, and the liquid level sensor is used to detect electrolyte level information of the battery;

[0068] a battery pack monitoring module, connected to the battery switch board of the battery module and the integrated control module, respectively, for collecting the charge and discharge current signals and output voltage signals of the battery module and transmitting charge level switching instructions and working mode switching instructions to the integrated control module;

[0069] The monitoring and management module is an all-in-one computer. The monitoring and management module is equipped with battery monitoring and management system software. The monitoring and management module is connected to the battery pack monitoring modules to monitor each battery. When the system is running, the monitoring and management module receives the voltage signal, charging current signal, discharging current signal, electrolyte density signal, electrolyte liquid level height signal and electrolyte temperature signal of each battery, and determines the specific situation of the system based on the received signals; the monitoring and management module can also determine whether to send a charging level change signal instruction based on the voltage signal and switch the working mode of the battery module based on the charging current signal and the discharging current signal.

[0070] By setting up a composite monitoring module, the present invention can detect the electrolyte information of each battery, monitor each battery at the chemical level, and realize effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery; by setting up a battery pack monitoring module, it can collect the charge and discharge current signals and output voltage signals of the battery modules and transmit the charging level conversion instructions and working mode switching instructions to the integrated control module, and realize effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery; by setting up a monitoring and management module, it can issue corresponding alarms and switch the working mode of each battery according to the electrolyte information of each battery and the charge and discharge current information and output voltage information of the battery modules, and realize effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0071] Specifically, the density sensor uses the tuning fork vibration principle to detect the density of the electrolyte of the corresponding battery and the density sensor is provided with a bubble isolation device for isolating bubbles in the electrolyte;

[0072] The monitoring and management module is provided with an upper limit constant Dmax and a lower limit constant Dmin of the electrolyte density. When the battery is in operation, the monitoring and management module controls the density sensor to sequentially detect the natural period T1 of the tuning fork vibrating at the natural frequency and the resonance period T2 generated when the measured electrolyte contacts the tuning fork vibrating at the natural frequency, calculates the measured electrolyte density D when the density sensor completes detection, determines whether to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte based on D, and issues an alarm when it is determined that temperature compensation is required for the electrolyte, setting D = K0 + K1 × T1 + K2 × T2, where K0 is the medium density constant, K1 is the first medium proportional coefficient, and K2 is the second medium proportional coefficient;

[0073] If D>Dmax or D<Dmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in the battery does not meet the standard, calculates the electrolyte density difference and adjusts the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value according to the difference to perform temperature compensation for the electrolyte in the battery;

[0074] If Dmin≤D≤Dmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density of the battery meets the standard, preliminarily determines that the battery is qualified, and further determines whether the battery is operating normally based on the operating temperature of the battery;

[0075] The monitoring and management module is further provided with a first preset electrolyte density difference ΔD1, a second preset electrolyte density difference ΔD2, a first preset temperature compensation coefficient α1, a second preset temperature compensation coefficient α2, and a third preset temperature compensation coefficient α3, wherein ΔD1 < ΔD2, 0.8 < α1 < α2 < α3 < 1;

[0076] When D>Dmax or D<Dmin, the monitoring and management module calculates the electrolyte density difference △D,

[0077] If ΔD≤ΔD1, the monitoring and management module uses α3 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery;

[0078] If ΔD1<ΔD≤ΔD2, the monitoring and management module uses α2 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery;

[0079] If ΔD>ΔD2, the monitoring and management module uses α1 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery;

[0080] When the monitoring and management module uses αi to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to the corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery, i is set to 1, 2, 3,

[0081] If D>Dmax, set △D=D-Dmax, the compensated temperature is recorded as Ta, and set Ta=T0×(2-αi), where T0 is the initial temperature of the electrolyte in the battery;

[0082] If D<Dmin, set △D=Dmin-D, the temperature after compensation is recorded as Tb, and set Tb=T0×αi.

[0083] When the monitoring and management module completes adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte in a single battery, the monitoring and management module re-detects the electrolyte D' in the battery. If D'>Dmax or D'<Dmin, the monitoring and management module recalculates the electrolyte density difference ΔD' and re-adjusts the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to the corresponding value based on ΔD'.

[0084] The present invention can accurately calculate the density of the electrolyte by setting the dielectric density constant and the dielectric proportional coefficient; by setting the electrolyte density upper limit constant and the electrolyte density upper limit constant, it can be determined whether the electrolyte density meets the standard and, if it does not meet the standard, recalculate the electrolyte density using a temperature compensation method and re-check whether the electrolyte density meets the standard, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0085] Specifically, the monitoring and management module is provided with a temperature upper limit constant Tmax and a temperature lower limit constant Tmin. When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery meets the standard, the monitoring and management module compares the operating temperature T of the battery with Tmax and Tmin and makes a determination based on the comparison result.

[0086] If T>Tmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery operating temperature is too high and the heat dissipation device is faulty, and issues a high temperature alarm;

[0087] If Tmax≥T≥Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery operating temperature is normal, does not issue an alarm, and further determines whether the battery is operating normally based on the battery liquid level;

[0088] If T<Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the operating temperature of the battery is too low and there is a fault in the battery, and issues a low temperature alarm.

[0089] By setting the temperature upper limit constant and the temperature lower limit constant, the present invention can detect whether the operating temperature of each battery meets the standard and issue a corresponding alarm when it does not meet the standard, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0090] Specifically, when the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery does not meet the standard and the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte temperature needs to be increased to Ta, the monitoring and management module compares Ta with Tmax. If Ta≤Tmax, the monitoring and management module increases the electrolyte temperature in the battery to Ta to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery. If Ta>Tmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte in the battery is oversaturated and issues an alarm.

[0091] When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery does not meet the standard and the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte temperature needs to be increased to Tb, the monitoring and management module compares Tb with Tmin. If Tb≥Tmin, the monitoring and management module increases the electrolyte temperature in the battery to Ta to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery. If Tb<Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte in the battery has deteriorated and issues an alarm.

[0092] Specifically, the monitoring and management module is provided with a liquid level upper limit constant Hmax and a liquid level lower limit constant Hmin. When the operating temperature and electrolyte density of each battery meet the standards, the monitoring and management module compares the electrolyte level H of each battery with Hmax and Hmin and issues a corresponding alarm based on the comparison result.

[0093] If H>Hmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte content is abnormal and issues an over-limit alarm;

[0094] If Hmax≥H≥Hmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte content is normal and does not issue an alarm;

[0095] If H<Hmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte capacity is too low, and issues a liquid shortage alarm and a liquid replenishment alarm.

[0096] By setting a liquid level upper limit constant and a liquid level lower limit constant, the present invention can detect whether the electrolyte level height of each battery meets the standard, and issue a corresponding alarm when it does not meet the standard, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0097] Specifically, the monitoring and management module is provided with a first discharge conversion current constant A1, a second discharge conversion current constant A2, and a charge conversion current constant A3, and A1>A2>0>A3 is set; when each battery is operating normally, the monitoring and management module compares the charge and discharge current signal A of each battery with each current constant and sends a corresponding control instruction to the composite monitoring module based on the comparison result to switch the operating mode of the battery;

[0098] If A<A3 or A>A1, the monitoring and management module switches the battery operating mode to the charging mode;

[0099] If A2>A≥A3, the monitoring and management module switches the battery's operating mode to the long-term operating mode;

[0100] If A1≥A≥A2, the monitoring and management module switches the working mode of the battery to the discharge working mode.

[0101] Specifically, the monitoring and management module is provided with a transfer ratio constant G0, a transfer voltage lower limit constant V1 and a transfer voltage upper limit constant V2, and V1 is set to be less than V2. When the battery is working normally, the monitoring and management module determines whether the voltage V in each battery meets the transfer standard. If V2 ≥ V ≥ V1, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery voltage meets the transfer standard, and further detects the proportion G of the batteries that meet the transfer standard. If G ≥ G0, a charging transfer instruction is sent to the integrated control module.

[0102] By setting the conversion current constant, the present invention can switch the working mode of each battery to a corresponding state according to the charge and discharge current signal of each battery when the batteries are operating normally, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0103] Specifically, the battery monitoring system also includes a dual redundant power supply module and a power switching module. The dual redundant power supply module includes a first power supply and a second power supply, which are used to convert externally provided AC power into internal DC power to power each internal module. The dual redundant power supply module uses a hot redundancy design to increase the reliability of the power supply system; the power switching module includes a voltage monitoring circuit, a power switching circuit, a power supply circuit and other parts, which are used to detect whether each power supply unit is supplying power normally and automatically switch to another power supply unit when the first power supply or the second power supply cannot supply power normally.

[0104] By setting a transfer ratio constant and a transfer voltage constant, the present invention can detect whether the output voltage of each battery meets the transfer standard, detect the proportion of batteries that meet the transfer standard, and send a charging transfer instruction when the proportion reaches a specified threshold to effectively charge and discharge, thereby further realizing effective monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0105] Specifically, the battery monitoring system utilizes a CAN communication system, including a CAN hub connected to the battery pack monitoring module and a CAN bus connecting the modules. The CAN bus includes a first CAN branch, a second CAN branch, a third CAN branch, and a fourth CAN branch. Each of the first, second, and third CAN branches is equipped with a plurality of T-shaped connectors, each of which is connected to the composite monitoring module in each battery to transmit various parameter information. The fourth CAN branch is used to connect the integrated control module and the monitoring and management module and transmit instructions. By providing a CAN communication system, the present invention is able to connect the modules and transmit various parameter information and instruction information, thereby achieving efficient monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery.

[0106] Specifically, the battery monitoring system includes a human-computer interaction module, connected to the monitoring and management module, for displaying various parameters of each battery, including output voltage information, charge and discharge current information, charge capacity information, discharge capacity information, and remaining capacity information. It also issues an alarm and displays various parameters of abnormal batteries if the electrolyte level, electrolyte density, or electrolyte temperature among the batteries do not meet standards. By providing this human-computer interaction module, the present invention can intuitively display various parameter information for each battery, further achieving efficient monitoring and management of the operating status of each battery at the physical level.

[0107] Thus far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0108] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A battery module includes two battery groups, each battery group includes a plurality of batteries for supplying power to an external load; An integrated control module, which is a diesel-electric centralized control device, is connected to the battery module and is used to receive charging switching instructions and control the charging of each battery; A composite monitoring module includes a detection device respectively provided in each of the batteries, each detection device being provided with an independent density sensor and liquid level sensor, wherein the density sensor is used to detect electrolyte density information, electrolyte temperature information, and battery voltage information of the battery, and the liquid level sensor is used to detect electrolyte level information of the battery; a battery pack monitoring module, connected to the battery switch board of the battery module and the integrated control module, respectively, for collecting the charge and discharge current signals and output voltage signals of the battery module and transmitting charge level switching instructions and working mode switching instructions to the integrated control module; A monitoring and management module, which is an all-in-one computer and includes battery monitoring and management system software. The monitoring and management module is connected to each of the battery pack monitoring modules to monitor each battery. When the system is running, the monitoring and management module receives voltage signals, charging current signals, discharging current signals, electrolyte density signals, electrolyte level height signals, and electrolyte temperature signals from each battery, and determines the specific status of the system based on the received signals. The monitoring and management module can also determine whether to send a charging level change signal instruction based on the voltage signal and switch the operating mode of the battery module based on the charging current signal and the discharging current signal; The density sensor uses the tuning fork vibration principle to detect the density of the electrolyte of the corresponding battery and is provided with a bubble isolation device for isolating bubbles in the electrolyte; The monitoring and management module is provided with an upper limit constant Dmax and a lower limit constant Dmin of the electrolyte density. When the battery is operating, the monitoring and management module controls the density sensor to sequentially detect the natural period T1 of the tuning fork vibrating at the natural frequency and the resonance period T2 generated when the measured electrolyte contacts the tuning fork vibrating at the natural frequency, calculates the measured electrolyte density D when the density sensor completes detection, determines whether to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte based on D, and issues an alarm when it is determined that temperature compensation is required for the electrolyte, setting D = K0 + K1 × T1 + K2 × T2, where K0 is the medium density constant, K1 is the first medium proportional coefficient, and K2 is the second medium proportional coefficient; If D>Dmax or D<Dmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in the battery does not meet the standard, calculates the electrolyte density difference and adjusts the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value according to the difference to perform temperature compensation for the electrolyte in the battery; If Dmin≤D≤Dmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density of the battery meets the standard, preliminarily determines that the battery is qualified, and further determines whether the battery is operating normally based on the operating temperature of the battery; The monitoring and management module is further provided with a first preset electrolyte density difference ΔD1, a second preset electrolyte density difference ΔD2, a first preset temperature compensation coefficient α1, a second preset temperature compensation coefficient α2, and a third preset temperature compensation coefficient α3, wherein ΔD1 < ΔD2, 0.8 < α1 < α2 < α3 < 1; When D>Dmax or D<Dmin, the monitoring and management module calculates the electrolyte density difference △D, If ΔD≤ΔD1, the monitoring and management module uses α3 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery; If ΔD1<ΔD≤ΔD2, the monitoring and management module uses α2 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery; If ΔD>ΔD2, the monitoring and management module uses α1 to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to a corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery; When the monitoring and management module uses αi to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to the corresponding value to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery, i is set to 1, 2, 3, If D>Dmax, set ΔD=D-Dmax, the compensated temperature is recorded as Ta, and set Ta=T0×(2-αi), where T0 is the initial temperature of the electrolyte in the battery; If D<Dmin, set △D=Dmin-D, the temperature after compensation is recorded as Tb, and set Tb=T0×αi; When the monitoring and management module completes adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte in a single battery, the monitoring and management module re-detects the electrolyte D' in the battery. If D'>Dmax or D'<Dmin, the monitoring and management module recalculates the electrolyte density difference ΔD' and re-adjusts the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery to the corresponding value based on ΔD'.

2. The battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and management module is provided with a temperature upper limit constant Tmax and a temperature lower limit constant Tmin. When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery meets the standard, the monitoring and management module compares the operating temperature T of the battery with Tmax and Tmin and makes a determination based on the comparison result. If T>Tmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery operating temperature is too high and the heat dissipation device is faulty, and issues a high temperature alarm; If Tmax≥T≥Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery operating temperature is normal, does not issue an alarm, and further determines whether the battery is operating normally based on the battery liquid level; If T<Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the operating temperature of the battery is too low and there is a fault in the battery, and issues a low temperature alarm.

3. The battery monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery does not meet the standard and the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte temperature needs to be increased to Ta, the monitoring and management module compares Ta with Tmax. If Ta≤Tmax, the monitoring and management module increases the electrolyte temperature in the battery to Ta to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery. If Ta>Tmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte in the battery is oversaturated and issues an alarm. When the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte density in a single battery does not meet the standard and the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte temperature needs to be increased to Tb, the monitoring and management module compares Tb with Tmin. If Tb≥Tmin, the monitoring and management module increases the electrolyte temperature in the battery to Ta to perform temperature compensation on the electrolyte in the battery. If Tb<Tmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the electrolyte in the battery has deteriorated and issues an alarm.

4. The battery monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring and management module is provided with a liquid level upper limit constant Hmax and a liquid level lower limit constant Hmin. When the operating temperature and electrolyte density of each battery meet the standards, the monitoring and management module compares the electrolyte level H of each battery with Hmax and Hmin and issues a corresponding alarm based on the comparison result. If H>Hmax, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte content is abnormal and issues an over-limit alarm; If Hmax≥H≥Hmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte content is normal and does not issue an alarm; If H<Hmin, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery electrolyte capacity is too low, and issues a liquid shortage alarm and a liquid replenishment alarm.

5. The battery monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring and management module is provided with a first discharge conversion current constant A1, a second discharge conversion current constant A2, and a charge conversion current constant A3, and is set to A1>A2>0>A3; when each battery is operating normally, the monitoring and management module compares the charge and discharge current signal A of each battery with each current constant and sends a corresponding control instruction to the composite monitoring module based on the comparison result to switch the operating mode of the battery; If A<A3 or A>A1, the monitoring and management module switches the battery operating mode to the charging mode; If A2>A≥A3, the monitoring and management module switches the battery's operating mode to the long-term operating mode; If A1≥A≥A2, the monitoring and management module switches the working mode of the battery to the discharge working mode.

6. The battery monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring and management module is provided with a transfer ratio constant G0, a transfer voltage lower limit constant V1, and a transfer voltage upper limit constant V2. It is set that V1<V2. When the battery is operating normally, the monitoring and management module determines whether the voltage V in each battery meets the transfer standard. If V2≥V≥V1, the monitoring and management module determines that the battery voltage meets the transfer standard, further detects the proportion G of batteries that meet the transfer standard, and if G≥G0, sends a charging transfer instruction to the integrated control module.

7. The battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery monitoring system also includes a dual redundant power supply module and a power switching module. The dual redundant power supply module includes a first power supply and a second power supply, which are used to convert externally provided AC power into internal DC power to power each internal module. The dual redundant power supply module uses a hot redundancy design to increase the reliability of the power supply system; the power switching module includes a voltage monitoring circuit, a power switching circuit, a power supply circuit and other parts, which are used to detect whether each power supply unit is supplying power normally and automatically switch to the other power supply unit when the first power supply or the second power supply cannot supply power normally.

8. The battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery monitoring system adopts a CAN communication system, including a CAN hub connected to the battery pack monitoring module and a CAN bus connecting each module. The CAN bus includes a first CAN bus branch, a second CAN bus branch, a third CAN bus branch and a fourth CAN bus branch. The first CAN bus branch, the second CAN bus branch and the third CAN bus branch are respectively provided with a number of T-shaped connectors. Each connector is connected to the composite monitoring module in each battery to transmit various parameter information; the fourth CAN bus branch is used to connect the integrated control module and the monitoring management module and transmit instructions.

9. The battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery monitoring system is provided with a human-computer interaction module, which is connected to the monitoring management module and is used to display various parameters of each battery, including output voltage information, charge and discharge current information, charge capacity information, discharge capacity information and remaining capacity information; and is used to issue a corresponding alarm and display various parameters of the abnormal battery when there is a battery among the batteries whose electrolyte level height, electrolyte density or electrolyte temperature does not meet the standards.

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