A downward sub-divisional filling mining method suitable for thick and broken ore bodies

Abstract

The present invention provides a downward segmented filling mining method suitable for safe and efficient recovery of thick and broken ore bodies. The stope is arranged vertically and adopts medium-deep hole rock drilling blasting, which can effectively improve blasting efficiency, reduce mining costs, and improve stope production capacity. It is more suitable to use automated mining equipment for mining operations; and personnel and equipment operate in relatively stable rock drilling tunnels without entering the goaf, so safety can be guaranteed. The present invention is safe, economical, and efficient, especially when recovering low-grade, high-value strategic resources, it has significant economic benefits and can provide reference for the recovery of ore bodies with similar mining technical conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and more specifically to a downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick and broken ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] For thick and large ore bodies with high ground stress and soft and broken ore rocks, due to the complex mining technical conditions and the difficulty in controlling large deformation of weak surrounding rocks, in order to ensure the safety of mining, mines generally adopt the downward layered approach cementation and filling mining method or the downward hexagonal approach cementation and filling mining method, and adopt a top-down mining sequence. Workers work under the protection of artificial false roofs, and use approach-type mining areas to reduce the exposed area to prevent mining area instability and damage.

[0003] Figure 1a to Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of the existing downward layered approach cemented filling mining method. Figure 1a to Figure 1c As shown, 1' is the inclined ramp, 2' is the segmented connecting road, 3' is the segmented road, 4' is the chute, 5' is the chute connecting road, 6' is the layered connecting road, 7' is the layered road, 8' is the lower plate lean ore, 9' is the return air filling small well, 10' is the approach, 11' is the vein-through filling return air duct, 12' is the lower plate along the vein filling return air duct, 13' is the upper and middle section along the vein transportation road, 14' is the vein-through mining road, and 15' is the upper and lower plate along the vein transportation roads.

[0004] However, this type of mining method generally has disadvantages such as frequent conversion of mining and filling operations, low unit mining intensity, poor operation safety, high support cost, and difficult management. When mining low-grade ore bodies, this mining method has poor economic benefits and can easily cause serious waste of mineral resources.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to study a new safe, efficient and low-cost mining process to recover such resources. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick and broken ore bodies. The stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body and medium-deep hole drilling and blasting are used to reduce mining costs and improve the production capacity of the stope.

[0007] The downward segmented filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies provided by the present invention comprises the following five stages:

[0008] The stage of layout of panel and stope; the middle section adopts the order of top-down mining, and the mining work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous section; and when mining the middle section, it is divided into panel along the direction of the ore body, and the panel is divided into two-step stopes: mine room and mine pillar;

[0009] The mining and cutting engineering stage; in which the mining and cutting engineering is arranged according to the stability of the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks;

[0010] Rock drilling, ventilation, and mining phases; wherein, the rock drilling uses a medium-deep hole drilling trolley to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes, and the fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into the mining area through the local fan, and the ore under blasting is concentrated at the bottom of the mining area for mining;

[0011] The stope support stage is used to support the stope roof when mining;

[0012] The stope filling stage is used to fill the mine room and the ore pillars with cemented filling materials after the ore is mined in the stope.

[0013] Among them, an optional solution is to first use the route filling method to form a control top layer during the middle section mining. The route is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the top plate of the control top layer is supported by anchor spraying mesh and the bottom plate is reinforced.

[0014] Among them, an optional solution is that the mining area adopts a flat bottom structure without top and bottom columns.

[0015] Among them, an optional scheme is to divide the lower part of the control top layer into a panel area at a preset distance along the direction of the ore body, and organize production with the panel area as the mining unit; the mine room and mine pillars are arranged vertically to the direction of the ore body, and are staggered with the control top layer; the length of the mining field is the thickness of the ore body, and the mine room is mined first, and then the mine pillars.

[0016] Among them, the optional scheme is to arrange the mining project in the upper plate of the ore body when the surrounding rock of the lower plate is relatively broken and the surrounding rock of the upper plate is relatively stable; when the surrounding rock of the lower plate is relatively stable, arrange the mining project in the lower plate of the ore body.

[0017] Among them, an optional scheme is that the mining project includes a mining ramp, a segmented tunnel, a mine exit tunnel, and a rock drilling tunnel; wherein the segmented tunnel is connected to the upper and lower parts through the mining ramp, and the mine exit tunnel and the rock drilling tunnel are excavated from the segmented tunnel to the ore body; and the cutting project includes cutting the skylight.

[0018] Among them, an optional scheme is to groove medium and deep holes with the cutting shaft as the free surface at the end of the drilling tunnel, blast in batches, and recover the mine in a backward manner; after the concentrated blasting, fresh air flows through the mining ramp and ventilation shaft into each segmented tunnel and drilling tunnel, and the fresh air is pressed into the mining area through the local fan, and then the polluted air is discharged to the return air tunnel through the return air shaft arranged outside the vein; the blasted ore is concentrated at the bottom of the mining area with a shovel loader or an automated shovel loader, and the ore is unloaded into the ore chute outside the vein and lowered to the middle transportation tunnel.

[0019] Among them, an optional solution is that, during the mining site support stage, the rock drilling tunnel and the segmented tunnel are supported by anchor spraying nets, and the local crushing areas are supported by anchor spraying nets + anchor cables.

[0020] Among them, an optional scheme is that, during the filling stage of the mining area, the filling slurry concentration of the cementitious filling material filling the lower part of the mine room and the mine pillar is 70% to 82%, and the lime-sand ratio is 1:3 to 1:8; the filling slurry concentration of the cementitious filling material filling the upper part of the mine pillar is 70% to 82%, and the lime-sand ratio is 1:10 to 1:18.

[0021] Among them, an optional solution is that during the stope filling stage, when the length of the stope exceeds 50m, a partition filling method is used to carry out cemented filling operations.

[0022] By using the downward segmented filling mining method applicable to thick, large, and broken ore bodies according to the present invention, the vertically arranged downward segmented filling method and the medium-deep hole rock drilling blasting can effectively improve the blasting efficiency, reduce the mining cost, and improve the production capacity of the mining field, and it is more suitable to use automated mining equipment for mining construction; and personnel and equipment operate in a relatively stable rock drilling tunnel without entering the goaf, and safety can be guaranteed. The downward segmented filling mining method applicable to thick, large, and broken ore bodies provided by the present invention is safe, economical, and efficient, especially when recovering low-grade, high-value strategic resources, it has significant economic benefits and can provide reference for the recovery of ore bodies with similar mining technical conditions.

[0023] In order to achieve the above and related purposes, one or more aspects of the present invention include features that will be described in detail later and are particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings describe some exemplary aspects of the present invention in detail. However, these aspects indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the present invention can be used. In addition, the present invention is intended to include all of these aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] By referring to the following description and claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and with a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and easier to understand. In the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1a to Figure 1c It is a schematic diagram of the existing downward layered approach cemented filling mining method;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a downward sub-division filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3a to Figure 3cA schematic diagram of a downward segmented filling mining method when a mining project is arranged in the hanging wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4a to Figure 4c It is a schematic diagram of the downward segmented filling mining method when the mining project is arranged in the footwall according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The same reference numerals throughout the drawings indicate similar or corresponding features or functions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In the following description, for the purpose of illustration, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of one or more embodiments, many specific details are set forth. However, it is apparent that these embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In other examples, for ease of describing one or more embodiments, known structures and devices are shown in the form of block diagrams.

[0031] In view of the common problems in the above-mentioned existing mining methods, the present invention proposes a vertically arranged downward segmented filling mining method suitable for thick and broken ore bodies. Among them, the middle section adopts a top-down mining sequence, and the mining work of each segment is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous segment; the ore body is divided into a plate area along the direction, and the plate area is divided into a two-step stope of a mine room and a mine pillar; medium and deep hole rock drilling is adopted in a stable manner to reduce mining costs and improve the production capacity of the stope.

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 2 A flow chart of a downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3a to Figure 3c It shows a schematic diagram of the downward segmented filling mining method when the mining project is arranged in the upper wall according to the present invention, Figure 4a to Figure 4c This is a schematic diagram of a downward segmented filling mining method when the mining project is arranged in the footwall according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3a to Figure 3c and Figure 4a to Figure 4c Among them, 1 is the anchor rod, 2 is the anchor net, 3 is the artificial false bottom controlling the top layer, 4 is the ore body, 5 is the rock drilling tunnel, 6 is the cutting shaft, 7 is the segmented tunnel, 8 is the mine exit tunnel, 9 is the middle section transportation tunnel, 10 is the mining ramp, 11 is the ore chute, 12 is the ventilation shaft, 13 is the filling connecting road, 14 is the low-strength filling body, 15 is the high-strength filling body, and 16 is the blast hole.

[0034] like Figure 2 , Figure 3a to Figure 3c and Figure 4a to Figure 4c As shown in the figure, the downward segmented filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies provided in this embodiment mainly includes the following five stages:

[0035] S110: Arrangement of panel areas and mining sites; the middle section adopts a top-down mining sequence, and the mining work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous section; and when mining the middle section, it is divided into panel areas along the direction of the ore body, and the panel areas are divided into two-step mining sites: mine rooms and ore pillars.

[0036] Specifically, as an example, when the middle section is mined, the access filling method is first used to form the top control layer. The access is arranged along the direction of the ore body. The access size can be set to width * height = 5m * 4m according to the specific ore body conditions. The top plate of the top control layer is supported by an anchor net 2, and the bottom plate is laid with anchor rods 1 as anchor bars for the anchor net to form a reliable artificial false bottom top control layer 3. The lower part of the artificial false bottom top control layer 3 can be divided into a panel area at a preset distance (such as 100m) along the direction of the ore body 4, and production is organized with the panel area as the mining unit. Each panel area is divided into mine rooms (such as Figure 3a to Figure 3c and Figure 4a to Figure 4c As shown in A), ore pillars (such as Figure 3a to Figure 3c and Figure 4a to Figure 4c The mine room and the ore pillars are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and staggered with the top control layer to improve the stability of the artificial false roof; the width of the stope is 10m~12m, and the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body. During the stope recovery process, the mine room is recovered first and then the ore pillars.

[0037] S120: Mining and cutting engineering stage; among them, the mining engineering is arranged according to the stability of the upper and lower surrounding rocks.

[0038] Specifically, as an example, when the surrounding rock of the lower plate is relatively broken and the surrounding rock of the upper plate is relatively stable, the mining project can be arranged in the upper plate of the ore body, such as the following Figure 3a to Figure 3c When the surrounding rock of the lower wall is relatively stable, the mining project is usually arranged in the lower wall of the ore body, as shown in the following figure. Figure 4a to Figure 4c shown.

[0039] In this embodiment, the mining project mainly includes the mining ramp 10, the segmented roadway 7, the mine roadway 8, the rock drilling roadway 5, the ore chute 11, the filling connecting road 13, the ventilation skylight 12, etc., wherein the ventilation skylight includes the air intake skylight and the return air skylight. The cutting project includes the cutting skylight 6. Among them, the segmented roadway 7 is connected with the upper and lower parts through the mining ramp 10, and the mine roadway 8 and the rock drilling roadway 5 are excavated from the segmented roadway 7 to the ore body. The stope adopts a flat bottom structure without top and bottom columns.

[0040] S130: rock drilling, ventilation, and mining phase; wherein, the rock drilling uses a medium-deep hole drilling trolley to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes as blast holes 16, and the fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into the mining area through the local fan, and the ore under blasting is concentrated at the bottom of the mining area for mining.

[0041] Specifically, as an example, a medium-long hole drilling trolley is used to drill an upward fan-shaped medium-long hole, and a medium-long hole is cut at the end of the drilling tunnel 5 with the cut ceiling 6 as the free surface as the blast hole 16, and blasting is performed in batches, and retreating mining is performed. During the batch blasting process, 3 to 4 rows are blasted each time, and emulsion explosives are loaded on a charging trolley, and the non-electric detonation system is used for detonation.

[0042] After the ore is blasted, fresh air flows through the mining ramp 10 and the air intake shaft into each segmented tunnel 7 and the rock drilling tunnel 5, and then is pressed into the stope by the local fan, and then the polluted air is discharged to the return air tunnel through the return air shaft arranged outside the vein. The ore blasted can be concentrated at the bottom of the stope by a scraper or an automated scraper, and the ore is unloaded into the ore chute 11 outside the vein and lowered to the middle transportation tunnel 9.

[0043] S140: The mine support stage is used to support the mine roof when mining.

[0044] The support treatment of the mining area can be flexibly handled according to the specific mining conditions. For example, anchor spraying net support is used in rock drilling tunnels and segmented tunnels, and anchor spraying net + anchor cable combined support is used in local crushing areas. In addition, it should be noted that when mining, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the mining area roof, strictly implement the management measures of forced mining, forced mining, and forced filling, so as to reduce the exposure time of the roof, prevent the roof collapse and increase the ore depletion rate.

[0045] S150: a stope filling stage, which is used to fill the mine room and the ore pillars with cemented filling materials after the ore is mined in the stope.

[0046] After the ore is mined from the mining area, the filling preparation and filling work are immediately carried out. The strength of the filling material can be determined according to the specific filling position. As an example, in this embodiment, the mine room is filled with a cemented filling material formed by a high-strength filling body 15 (filling material slurry concentration 78%, lime-sand ratio 1:4); the pillar is filled in two sections, as the false roof of the lower section, the lower part is filled with a high-strength (filling material slurry concentration 78%, lime-sand ratio 1:4) cemented filling material, and the upper part is filled with a low-strength filling body 14 (lime-sand ratio 1:10) with lower strength as the cemented filling material.

[0047] In another embodiment of the present invention, the mine room is filled with high-strength (filling slurry concentration of 75%, lime-sand ratio of 1:5) cemented filling material; the mine pillars are filled in two sections, and the lower part serves as a false roof of the lower section, with the lower part filled with high-strength (filling slurry concentration of 75%, lime-sand ratio of 1:5) cemented filling material, and the upper part is filled with lower strength (lime-sand ratio of 1:14) cemented filling material.

[0048] It should be noted that the concentration of the paste filling material slurry and the lime-sand ratio used for filling the chamber and pillar in the panel area can also be adjusted through filling tests according to actual needs on site, and are not limited to the limitations in the above embodiments. Generally speaking, the concentration of the filling material slurry is 70% to 82%, the lime-sand ratio of the high-strength cementitious filling material is 1:3 to 1:8, and the lime-sand ratio of the low-strength cementitious filling material is 1:10 to 1:18.

[0049] When the length of the stope exceeds 50m, a partitioned filling method can be adopted to avoid excessive exposure area and reduce the risk of stope instability.

[0050] As described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies according to the present invention is applicable to thick and large ore bodies inclined to steep inclinations, and the ore body inclination angle Located between 30° and 90°, the ore body thickness is greater than 20m.

[0051] In addition, the mining sequence in the mining process using the present invention can be determined according to the stability of the top and bottom plates of the ore body, and is not limited to the mining sequence described in the above embodiment. For example, when the top plate is relatively broken, a top-down mining sequence is adopted; when the top plate is relatively stable, a bottom-up mining sequence can be adopted.

[0052] In addition, the middle section height, segment height, width and height of the mine room and the mine pillar in the above embodiment of the present invention can be optimized and adjusted according to the production status of the mine and the actual exposed rock mass quality indicators, and are not limited to the structural parameters in the attached drawings. Generally, the middle section height is 60-100m, the segment height is 15-30m, and the width of the mine room and the mine pillar is 10-20m.

[0053] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the downward segmented filling mining method provided by the present invention is suitable for the recovery of thick and broken ore bodies by using automated mining equipment; the stope layout of the present invention draws on the principle of bionics, and the stopes after backfilling with cemented filling bodies are arranged in a honeycomb shape and tightly staggered, which can effectively improve the stability of the entire ore block; personnel and equipment operate in relatively stable rock drilling tunnels without entering the goaf, and safety can be guaranteed. The efficient mining process provided by the present invention fully combines the advantages of the caving method, the filling method, and the empty field method, and is safe, economical, and efficient. Especially when recovering low-grade, high-value strategic resources, it has significant economic benefits and can provide reference for the recovery of ore bodies with similar mining technical conditions.

[0054] As described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the downward sub-division filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies according to the present invention is described by way of example. However, those skilled in the art should understand that various improvements can be made to the downward sub-division filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies proposed by the present invention without departing from the content of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the content of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A downward subdivided filling mining method suitable for thick and broken ore bodies, characterized in that: It includes the following five stages: The stage of layout of the panel area and the stope; the middle section adopts the order of top-down mining, and the mining work of each section is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous section; and when mining the middle section, the access filling method is first used to form the top control layer, the access is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the lower part of the top control layer is divided into a panel area along the direction of the ore body, and the panel area is divided into two-step stopes of mine rooms and mine pillars. The mine rooms and mine pillars are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and are staggered with the top control layer; The mining and cutting engineering stage; in which the mining and cutting engineering is arranged according to the stability of the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks; Rock drilling, ventilation, and mining phases; wherein, the rock drilling uses a medium-deep hole drilling trolley to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes, and the fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into the mining area through the local fan, and the ore under blasting is concentrated at the bottom of the mining area for mining; The stope support stage is used to support the stope roof when mining; The stope filling stage is used to fill the mine room and the ore pillars with cemented filling materials after the ore is mined in the stope.

2. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The top plate of the control layer is supported by anchor sprayed mesh, and the bottom plate is reinforced.

3. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: The stope adopts a flat bottom structure without top and bottom pillars.

4. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: The lower part of the control top layer is divided into a panel area at a preset distance along the direction of the ore body, and the production is organized with the panel area as the mining unit; the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, and the mining room is mined first, and then the mining pillars are mined.

5. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: When the surrounding rock of the lower plate is relatively broken and the surrounding rock of the upper plate is relatively stable, the mining project is arranged on the upper plate of the ore body; When the surrounding rock of the lower plate is relatively stable, the mining project is arranged in the lower plate of the ore body.

6. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The mining project includes a mining ramp, a segmented roadway, a mine exit roadway, and a rock drilling roadway; wherein the segmented roadway is connected with the upper and lower parts through the mining ramp, and the mine exit roadway and the rock drilling roadway are excavated from the segmented roadway to the ore body; The cutting works include cutting the patio.

7. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: At the end of the rock drilling tunnel, a medium-deep hole is drilled with the cutting shaft as the free surface, blasted in batches, and mined in a backward manner; After the concentrated blasting, the fresh air flows into each segmented tunnel and rock drilling tunnel through the mining ramp and ventilation skylight. The fresh air is pressed into the mining area through the local fan, and then the polluted air is discharged to the return air tunnel through the return air skylight arranged outside the vein. The ore from the explosion is concentrated at the bottom of the mining area by a shovel loader or an automated shovel loader, unloaded into the off-vein ore chute, and lowered to the middle transportation tunnel.

8. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: During the mining site support stage, the rock drilling tunnel and the segmented tunnel are supported by anchor spraying nets, and the local crushing areas are supported by anchor spraying nets + anchor cables.

9. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: During the stope filling phase, The filling slurry concentration of the cementitious filling material filling the mine room and the lower part of the mine pillar is 70% to 82%, and the lime-sand ratio is 1:3 to 1:8; the filling slurry concentration of the cementitious filling material filling the upper part of the mine pillar is 70% to 82%, and the lime-sand ratio is 1:10 to 1:

18.

10. The downward subdivided filling mining method applicable to thick and broken ore bodies as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: During the stope filling stage, when the length of the stope exceeds 50 m, a partition filling method is adopted to carry out cemented filling operations.

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