Axle failure detection and diagnosis system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a vehicle axle fault detection and diagnosis system. A sensing and collecting unit delivers collected data to a conversion and processing unit. The conversion and processing unit integrates data sent by the sensing and collecting unit and communicates externally through a sensor data transceiving unit. A data receiving and instruction sending unit receives data information from the sensor data transceiving unit. A controller unit processes and judges received data information. Temperature values and vibration frequencies of detection points of a monitored bearing position are taken as a group of calculation data. Temperature values of detection points of a monitored brake and air pressure values of an air inlet of an air chamber are taken as a group of calculation data. If each group of calculation data is within a set early warning range, external device units display and remind early warning information. The application realizes accurate monitoring of running states of bearings, brakes and main reducer assemblies on a wheel hub by using a detection and diagnosis system, and early warning is formed to realize unified and efficient systematic management.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of vehicle fault monitoring, and particularly relates to a system for detecting and diagnosing axle faults and a method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Different types of axle assemblies are distributed on the chassis of city buses, long and short distance passenger vehicles, logistics transport vehicles, freight trucks, various special vehicles, fire trucks, and mine truck transport vehicles. The hub sub-assembly is an important component of the axle, which is connected to the steel ring tire outside to support the tire, and two tapered roller bearings are distributed inside the hub to realize the rolling of the tire. The bearings in the hub are vulnerable parts that are damaged after a certain mileage. At present, the hub bearings of the above-mentioned vehicles are basically judged by manual when to be damaged and failed. The bearings that are damaged or have faults continue to be used, which will cause the vibration of the whole vehicle to increase continuously, the passenger experience of the passenger car to be poor, the service life of the oil seal to be shortened, the chassis axle or other parts to leak oil, the suspension to be damaged, especially the rubber buffer, the brake pad to abnormally rub and jam with the brake disc, the driving resistance to be greatly increased, the rolling to be not smooth, and the whole wheel end to be easily burned by high temperature. The braking difference between the left and right wheels and the bearing damage of the left and right wheels will cause the vehicle to deviate, affect the turning and stability of the vehicle, the tire noise to be large, and there is a large safety hazard when driving at high speed. If the front axle hub bearing is damaged, the steering system will malfunction, which will affect the personal safety.

[0003] The front and rear axle assembly braking systems are conventional disc or drum brakes. During the operation of the vehicle, it is difficult to know whether the current braking temperature is too high, whether the brake is working normally, and whether immediate maintenance and repair are needed. Generally, a temperature sensor is installed on the brake, but it cannot accurately determine whether the brake is locked and whether the warning function is accurate.

[0004] The main reducer assembly in the axle cannot monitor the meshing operation state of the main driven gear, cannot monitor the operation state of the main cone bearing and the differential bearing, cannot monitor whether the main reduction is overheated, cannot diagnose whether the main reduction is in good condition and whether it is running normally. Until the internal parts of the main reduction are damaged, the fault can be eliminated only by replacing a large number of accessories or the main reducer assembly, which is high in accessory and repair cost and increases the cost. During the driving of the vehicle, the main reducer assembly generates heat, and when the temperature value is higher than 120℃, the whole vehicle may catch fire. The high temperature of the main reducer assembly causes the lubrication condition to deteriorate, the internal pressure of the drive axle to rise, the oil seal to age and wear, and oil leakage to occur.

[0005] The existing patent No. CN201710548727.7 is a kind of intelligent monitoring system of tire state based on wireless sensor network, including tire parameter acquisition platform based on wireless sensor network, tire safety state intelligent early warning model;The tire parameter acquisition platform based on wireless sensor network detects tire temperature, wheel acceleration, tire pressure and ambient temperature, and the tire safety state intelligent early warning model outputs the safety state of tire according to the inspection parameters of acquisition platform.The existing tire monitoring system has the functions of monitoring tire temperature, acceleration and pressure, and only controls the safety performance of tire, but how to monitor and diagnose the bearing, brake and main reducer assembly on hub uniformly for axle is not available in the existing patent. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above technical problems, and provide an axle fault detection and diagnosis system and method, so as to accurately monitor the running state of bearing, brake and main reducer assembly on hub by using detection and diagnosis system, and early warning, forming a unified and efficient systematic management.In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The axle fault detection and diagnosis system comprises a sensor preprocessing module integrated on the axle sensor and a microcontroller module integrated on the microcontroller, the sensor preprocessing module comprises a sensing acquisition unit, a conversion processing unit, a sensor data transceiver unit and a battery unit;The microcontroller module comprises a microcontroller, a data receiving and instruction sending unit, an external device unit and a power supply unit,

[0008] The sensing acquisition unit sends the collected pressure data, temperature data, voltage data and motion acceleration data to the conversion processing unit, the conversion processing unit integrates the data sent by the sensing acquisition unit, and communicates with the outside through the sensor data transceiver unit,

[0009] The data receiving and instruction sending unit receives data information from the sensor data transceiver unit, the microcontroller processes and judges the received data information, takes the temperature value and vibration frequency of the detection point of the monitored bearing position as a group of calculation data, takes the temperature value of the detection point of the monitored brake and the air pressure value of the air inlet of the air chamber as a group of calculation data, and each group of calculation data is within the set warning range, then the external device unit displays and reminds the warning information.

[0010] Specifically, the sensor preprocessing module is set according to the position needing to be monitored on the axle, and the microcontroller module is on the cab platform.

[0011] Specifically, the sensor data transceiver unit comprises a low-frequency receiver and a high-frequency transmitter.

[0012] Specifically, the external device unit includes a display module, a sound module and a storage module.

[0013] Specifically, the data receiving and instruction sending unit receives data information from the high-frequency transmitter and sends instructions to the low-frequency receiver.

[0014] Specifically, the microcontroller module further includes a hardware reset unit, and the hardware reset unit includes a power-on reset module and a button reset module.

[0015] Specifically, a vibration sensor is separately arranged in the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is awakened by vibration, that is, the vehicle has a vibration frequency for a certain period of time, and the controller unit sends instructions to wake up the axle sensor through the data receiving and instruction sending unit.

[0016] The axle fault detection and diagnosis method comprises the following steps:

[0017] 1) providing an axle sensor, the axle sensor collects temperature data, pressure data and acceleration data, and converts the acceleration data into vibration frequency data;

[0018] 2) the microcontroller wakes up the axle sensor to start the working mode or the axle sensor wakes up to start the working mode, and the temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data and corresponding axle sensor ID number are transmitted to the microcontroller through wireless radio frequency communication, and the axle sensor sends the monitoring data to the microcontroller every certain period of time;

[0019] 3) the microcontroller receives data and processes the data information, discards old data and saves new data regularly according to the storage capacity;

[0020] 4) the microcontroller determines whether the received data is normal, analyzes the temperature data and vibration frequency data detected by the axle sensor on the hub together, thereby determining whether the bearing on the hub is abnormal; analyzes the temperature data detected by the axle sensor on the brake and the air pressure data detected by the axle sensor on the air chamber together, thereby determining whether the brake is abnormal; analyzes the temperature data and vibration frequency data detected by the axle sensor on the differential assembly shell together, thereby determining whether the differential assembly is abnormal; when the above data analysis result is abnormal, the data values of the previous N time periods are compared, and if the deviation exceeds the set range, an alarm information is sent to the external device;

[0021] 5) the external device visually displays and audibly prompts the alarm information.

[0022] Specifically, the step of starting the working mode of the axle sensor by the microcontroller in step 2) is specifically that the microcontroller sends an instruction to the axle sensor, the axle sensor receives the instruction at a low frequency, and then sends data, including temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data, and the corresponding axle sensor ID number, to the microcontroller through a high-frequency transmitter.

[0023] Specifically, the step of starting the working mode of the axle sensor by the microcontroller in step 2) is specifically that the microcontroller sends an instruction to the axle sensor, the axle sensor receives the instruction at a low frequency, and then sends data, including temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data, and the corresponding axle sensor ID number, to the microcontroller through a high-frequency transmitter.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the axle fault detection and diagnosis system and method have the following advantages:

[0025] The sensor preprocessing module and the microcontroller module transmit data through wireless radio frequency communication, so that the axle sensor can be installed at different positions on the axle for monitoring and is not affected by the transmission wire harness arrangement; the axle sensor can be awakened externally by the microcontroller, or the vibration driver can be set in the microcontroller module to awaken the axle sensor internally and start the working mode, so that the axle sensor can effectively save power, which is crucial for the wireless communication axle sensor; by monitoring the temperature change and vibration size of the bearing on the hub, it is determined whether the bearing is normal; by monitoring the temperature change and air pressure of the brake, it is determined whether the brake is normal; by monitoring the temperature change and vibration size of the bearing in the main reducer assembly, it is determined whether the bearing is normal; the axle sensors at the above positions form an automatic monitoring system for the monitored positions on the entire axle, the monitoring system realizes the function feedback of the bearing, brake, and main reducer assembly, and can timely give a warning in the cab platform through the microcontroller in response to abnormal conditions, greatly avoids major maintenance loss, discovers abnormalities in the early stage, reduces maintenance cost, and ensures the accuracy and stability of the monitoring data through the combined analysis and processing of multiple groups of data, so that the abnormal feedback is the state of the parts that should be replaced and repaired. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The button reset module circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 2 The power-on reset module circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0028] Figure 3 The system framework diagram of the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] Reference Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment is a vehicle axle fault detection and diagnosis system, including a sensor preprocessing module and a microcontroller module. The sensor preprocessing module is configured according to the locations on the vehicle axle that need to be monitored, and it is integrated into the vehicle axle sensors. The microcontroller module transmits information to the sensor preprocessing module via radio frequency communication. The microcontroller module is located on the cab platform and is integrated into the microcontroller.

[0032] The sensor preprocessing module includes a sensing and acquisition unit, a conversion and processing unit, a sensor data transceiver unit, and a battery unit. The sensing and acquisition unit transmits the collected pressure, temperature, voltage, and motion acceleration data to the conversion and processing unit. The conversion and processing unit integrates the data sent by the sensing and acquisition unit and transmits it externally through the sensor data transceiver unit. Specifically, the motion acceleration data is processed by the conversion and processing unit and converted into corresponding vibration frequency values.

[0033] The pressure data specifically refers to the air pressure at the air inlet of the axle's air chamber, detected by the axle sensors. The temperature data specifically refers to the temperature values ​​of the bearings mounted on the wheel hubs, the brakes, and the bearings mounted inside the final drive assembly, detected by the axle sensors. The acceleration data specifically refers to the vehicle's acceleration value detected by the axle sensors, and the calculated vibration frequencies of the bearings mounted on the wheel hubs and the bearings mounted inside the final drive assembly. The voltage data refers to the voltage of the battery cells. Specifically, detecting the temperature and vibration frequency of the bearings on the wheel hubs can indicate whether the bearings are damaged and require additional lubrication. Detecting the brake temperature and air chamber pressure can indicate whether the brakes are operating normally. The final drive assembly includes the differential assembly, and the differential assembly housing contains bearings that mate with the drive components. Detecting the vibration energy and temperature of these bearings can indicate the meshing condition of the driving and driven gears within the final drive assembly.

[0034] The sensor data transceiver unit includes a low-frequency receiver and a high-frequency transmitter. The low-frequency receiver is responsible for receiving 125kHz low-frequency data, and the high-frequency transmitter is responsible for transmitting 315-434MHz high-frequency data.

[0035] The microcontroller module comprises a controller unit, a data receiving and instruction sending unit, an external device unit, a power supply unit and a hardware reset unit. The data receiving and instruction sending unit receives data information from the high-frequency transmitter and sends instructions to the low-frequency receiver to re-enter the working state of the wake-up sensing and collecting unit. The external device unit comprises a display module, a sound module and a storage module. The controller unit processes and judges the received data information, takes the temperature value and vibration frequency of the bearing assembled on the hub as a group of calculation data, takes the temperature value of the brake and the air pressure value of the air inlet of the air chamber as a group of calculation data, and takes the temperature value and vibration frequency value of the bearing assembled in the main reducer assembly as a group of calculation data. The conversion processing unit has pre-warning information range for each corresponding position on the axle in storage. If the three groups of calculation data are within the respective pre-warning set range, the external device unit displays and reminds the pre-warning information.

[0036] When the controller unit judges that the pressure in the data information exceeds the threshold value, high-pressure or low-pressure alarm is given; when the temperature exceeds the threshold value, high-temperature alarm is given; and when the vibration frequency exceeds the threshold value, fault alarm is given. The display module displays the ID number of the axle sensor position corresponding to the alarm information, so that the fault position on the axle can be directly observed. The storage module stores the pre-warning information for easy extraction and analysis at any time. The power supply unit supplies power to the data receiving and instruction sending unit, the external device unit and the hardware reset unit, and can be selected from a solar cell, an external battery and a lithium ion battery.

[0037] The hardware reset unit comprises a power-on reset module and a button reset module. The button reset module is reset by a manual button and needs to add a high level to the reset input end RST, as shown in Figure 1 . A button is connected between the RST end and the positive power supply Vcc. When the button is pressed, the +5V level of Vcc will be directly added to the RST end. The button remains connected for tens of milliseconds, which can meet the time requirement of reset.

[0038] The circuit of the power-on reset module provides a reset pulse when the system is powered on, so that the microcontroller is in a reset state for a period of time, to ensure that the power supply circuit and clock circuit of the microcontroller work stably, and then the microcontroller starts to work normally. The selection of reset time is very important, and improper selection will affect the normal work of the system. As shown in Figure 2 , it is an RC reset circuit. When the power is turned on, C2 is charged through R1, and after a delay, a reset signal is added to the circuit. The rising speed of the reset signal is lower than the power-on speed of the power supply. When the reset pin detects a high level, the system reset ends and enters the normal working state.

[0039] The vibration sensor is arranged in the microcontroller. When the door of the vehicle is opened or the vehicle is instantaneously vibrated, the microcontroller is awakened, but no instruction is sent to the axle sensor. When the vehicle is started, the engine or the electric motor vibrates at a specific frequency. When the vibration frequency is monitored for more than 5s, the microcontroller starts to work normally, and the data receiving and instruction sending unit sends an instruction to awaken the axle sensor.

[0040] When the microcontroller fails, the system can be restarted through the power-on reset module or the button reset module.

[0041] Embodiment two:

[0042] The axle fault detection and diagnosis method comprises the following steps:

[0043] The axle sensor is provided with temperature detection function, pressure detection function and acceleration detection function, is an integrated sensor, is light in quality and easy to install. The axle sensor is installed on the axle at the position to be detected. The position to be detected is specifically installed on the hub near the bearing, installed near the brake, installed at the air inlet position of the air chamber, and installed near the bearing of the differential assembly shell. Since the axle sensor does not directly contact the dynamic part for temperature detection, the installation position of the axle sensor is as close as possible to the position to be detected, and the threshold value of the detection point is also calculated. The axle sensor collects temperature data, pressure data, voltage data and acceleration data, converts the acceleration data into vibration frequency data, and the voltage data is the voltage value of the battery in the axle sensor.

[0044] The microcontroller awakens the axle sensor to start the working mode. The microcontroller sends an instruction to the axle sensor. After the axle sensor receives the instruction at a low frequency, it executes the data sending. The temperature data, pressure data, voltage data, vibration frequency data and corresponding axle sensor ID number are sent to the microcontroller through the high-frequency transmitter.

[0045] Or the axle sensor is awakened to start the working mode. The microcontroller is provided with a vibration sensor. When the microcontroller is instantaneously vibrated, the axle sensor is awakened and starts to detect data. When the motion state lasts for a certain period of time, the temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data and corresponding axle sensor ID number are sent to the microcontroller through the high-frequency transmitter.

[0046] The axle sensor sends the monitoring data to the microcontroller at intervals. When the vehicle is stationary for a certain period of time, the axle sensor automatically enters the sleep state, and the corresponding microcontroller also enters the sleep state and no longer sends data, thereby effectively saving power until the accelerator signal or the low-frequency instruction of the microcontroller awakens it.

[0047] The microcontroller receives data, the microcontroller processes and judges the data information, discards old data and saves new data according to the storage capacity, and the microcontroller calculates the space occupancy rate according to the data saving, and if the space occupancy rate exceeds 90%, the previous data is selected to be deleted and covered.

[0048] The microcontroller determines whether the received data is normal, analyzes the temperature data and vibration frequency data detected by the hub axle sensor together, thereby judging whether the bearing on the hub is in an abnormal condition, when the temperature is high and the vibration energy is large, the bearing is damaged, and timely warning is performed; the temperature data detected by the brake axle sensor and the air pressure data detected by the air chamber axle sensor are analyzed together, thereby judging whether the brake is in an abnormal state, when the detected brake temperature is too high, the brake may be locked, when the air pressure of the left and right air chambers on the left and right wheels is unbalanced, the braking force on the left and right wheels is unbalanced, and the brake deviation occurs, when the air pressure of the air chamber is insufficient, the braking force is insufficient, the braking distance is lengthened, and the dangerous state of driving is caused, the temperature and air pressure change of the brake are monitored in real time, timely warning can be performed, and the danger can be prevented.

[0049] The temperature data and vibration frequency data detected by the differential assembly shell axle sensor are analyzed together, thereby judging whether the differential assembly is in an abnormal state, when the temperature is high and the vibration energy is large, the bearing is damaged, the main reducer assembly exists meshing deviation, and timely warning is performed; when the above data analysis result is abnormal, the data values of the previous N time periods are compared, N is not less than twice, if the deviation exceeds the set range, an alarm information is sent to the external device; specifically, the temperature data is increased by 10℃ within 10 minutes, the vibration frequency data is more than 0.6grms vibration energy within 10 minutes, and there is a risk of damage.

[0050] The voltage data is analyzed to determine whether the battery needs to be replaced.

[0051] When the axle sensor detects the temperature at the bearing measurement point position to be 0-84℃, it is in a normal state; when the detected temperature is 85-95℃, temperature warning is performed; when the detected temperature is not less than 96℃, an abnormal problem occurs, and timely repair is required.

[0052] When the axle sensor is at the brake measurement point position, the vibration energy is evaluated according to the calculated grms value, when the vibration energy is 0-0.3grms, it indicates that the operation is good, and it is continuously monitored as a baseline, when the vibration energy is 0.4-0.6grms, warning is reminded, the bearing needs to be lubricated, and when the vibration energy is 0.7grms or more, the bearing needs to be repaired and replaced immediately.

[0053] When the axle sensor detects the temperature at the position close to the brake measuring point to be 0-120℃, the brake is in good condition, and the baseline continues to be monitored; when the temperature is greater than 120℃ and less than 140℃, a warning is given, the brake temperature is too high, and the brake efficiency is reduced; when the temperature is not less than 150℃, the brake is locked, the wheel end component may be burned out, and a safety accident may occur.

[0054] The axle sensor is installed at the air inlet position of the air chamber to monitor the change of the air pressure and temperature in the air chamber, calculate the air pressure rising time, and thus determine the corresponding brake time, analyze the brake force difference, and determine whether there is an imbalance problem of the air pressure of the left and right wheels, analyze whether the brake force of the left and right wheels is imbalanced, and give a high pressure or low pressure alarm when the pressure is greater than 8.5bar or less than 5.5bar, respectively. When the pressure is lower than the set pressure, the brake force is insufficient, and a timely warning can be given to avoid driving danger.

[0055] When the axle sensor detects the temperature of the bearing close to the differential assembly shell, when the detected temperature is 0-90℃, it is in a normal state; when the detected temperature is 91-119℃, a temperature warning is given; when the detected temperature is not less than 120℃, an abnormal problem occurs, and timely repair is required.

[0056] The external device visually displays and audibly prompts the alarm information.

[0057] When the above embodiment is applied, the sensor preprocessing module and the microcontroller module transmit data through wireless radio frequency communication, so that the axle sensor can be installed at different positions on the axle for monitoring, and is not affected by the transmission wire harness arrangement; the microcontroller can be used to wake up the axle sensor, or a vibration driver can be provided in the microcontroller module to wake up and start the working mode of the axle sensor inside. The axle sensor can effectively save power, which is crucial for wireless communication axle sensors; by monitoring the temperature change and vibration size of the bearing on the hub, it is determined whether the bearing is normal, by monitoring the temperature change of the brake and the air pressure of the air chamber, it is determined whether the brake is normal, by monitoring the temperature change and vibration size of the bearing in the main reducer assembly, it is determined whether the bearing is normal, and the axle sensors at the above positions form an automatic monitoring system for the monitored positions on the entire axle. The monitoring system realizes the function feedback of the bearing, brake, and main reducer assembly, and can give a timely warning in the cab platform for abnormal conditions, greatly avoiding major repair losses, and can timely discover the abnormality in the early stage to reduce maintenance costs. Through the combined analysis and processing of multiple groups of data, the accuracy and stability of the monitoring data can be ensured, and the abnormal feedback obtained is the state of the parts that should be replaced and repaired.

[0058] In the description of the application, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be interpreted broadly, for example, "connecting" can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrally connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "a specific embodiment" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0060] Although the embodiments of the present application are disclosed as above, the content described is only the embodiments adopted for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art of the present application can make any modification and change in the form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application disclosed, but the patent protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An axle fault detection and diagnosis system, comprising a sensor preprocessing module integrated on an axle sensor and a microcontroller module integrated on a microcontroller, characterized in that: the sensor preprocessing module comprises a sensing acquisition unit, a conversion processing unit, a sensor data transceiver unit, and a battery unit; wherein the sensor data transceiver unit comprises a low-frequency receiver and a high-frequency transmitter, for realizing low-power bidirectional communication; the sensing acquisition unit delivers collected pressure data, temperature data, voltage data, and motion acceleration data to the conversion processing unit; the conversion processing unit integrates the data sent by the sensing acquisition unit and communicates externally through the sensor data transceiver unit; the microcontroller module comprises a controller unit, a data receiving and instruction sending unit, an external device unit, and a power supply unit; the data receiving and instruction sending unit receives data information from the high-frequency transmitter and sends instructions to the low-frequency receiver; the data receiving and instruction sending unit receives data information from the sensor data transceiver unit, and the controller unit processes and judges the received data information, specifically including: analyzing the temperature value and vibration frequency of the detection point of the monitored bearing position as a group of calculation data; analyzing the temperature value of the detection point of the monitored brake and the air pressure value of the air inlet of the air chamber as a group of calculation data; analyzing the temperature value and vibration frequency of the differential assembly shell as a group of calculation data; if any group of calculation data exceeds the set warning range, the external device unit displays and reminds the warning information; a vibration sensor is separately arranged in the microcontroller, when the door is opened or the vehicle is instantaneously vibrated, the microcontroller is awakened, but does not send instructions to the axle sensor; when the vehicle is started, the engine or motor will vibrate at a specific frequency, and when the vibration frequency is maintained for more than 5s, the microcontroller starts to work normally, and the data receiving and instruction sending unit sends instructions to wake up the axle sensor; after receiving the instructions, the axle sensor executes data sending, and sends the temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data, and corresponding axle sensor ID number to the microcontroller through the high-frequency transmitter.

2. The axle fault detection and diagnostic system of claim 1, wherein: The sensor preprocessing module is set according to the positions that need to be monitored on the axle, and the microcontroller module is on the cab platform.

3. The axle fault detection and diagnostic system of claim 1, wherein: The external device unit comprises a display module, a sound module, and a storage module.

4. The axle fault detection and diagnostic system of claim 1, wherein: The microcontroller module further comprises a hardware reset unit, which comprises a power-on reset module and a button reset module.

5. The axle fault detection diagnosis method characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: 1) providing an axle sensor, which collects temperature data, pressure data, and acceleration data, and converts the acceleration data into vibration frequency data; 2) the microcontroller wakes up the axle sensor to start the working mode, and the axle sensor transmits the temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data, and corresponding axle sensor ID number to the microcontroller through wireless radio frequency communication; the axle sensor sends the monitoring data to the microcontroller at intervals. 3) The microcontroller receives data and processes data information to determine whether to discard old data and save new data according to the storage capacity; 4) The microcontroller determines whether the received data is normal, analyzes the temperature data and vibration frequency data detected by the hub axle sensor, and determines whether the bearing on the hub is abnormal; The temperature data detected by the brake axle sensor and the pressure data detected by the air chamber axle sensor are analyzed together to determine whether the brake is abnormal; The temperature data and vibration frequency data detected by the axle sensor on the differential assembly housing are analyzed together to determine whether the differential assembly is abnormal; When the above data analysis result is abnormal, the data values of the previous N time periods are compared, and if the deviation exceeds the set range, an alarm information is sent to the external device; 5) The external device visually displays and audibly prompts the alarm information; In step 2), the microcontroller wakes up the axle sensor to start the working mode, which specifically includes: the microcontroller sends a command to the axle sensor; a vibration sensor is separately arranged in the microcontroller, and when the door is opened or closed or the vehicle is instantaneously vibrated, the microcontroller is awakened, but does not send a command to the axle sensor; when the vehicle is started, the engine or electric motor vibrates at a specific frequency, and when the vibration frequency is maintained for more than 5 seconds, the microcontroller starts to work normally, and the data receiving and command sending unit sends a command to wake up the axle sensor; the axle sensor receives the command at a low frequency, executes data sending, and sends the temperature data, pressure data, vibration frequency data, and corresponding axle sensor ID number to the microcontroller through a high-frequency transmitter.

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