A smart cooling and drainage system and method for tunnels

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent cooling and drainage system and method for tunnels, comprising several grouting anchors, a cooling water pumping device, and several temperature sensors. The cooling water pumping device is connected to a portion of the grouting anchors for injecting cooling water into them, and includes an electrically controlled valve assembly for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the injected cooling water. Strain sensors are installed on the rock wall to monitor its strain. A controller is used to control the operation of the electrically controlled valve assembly based on data signals from the temperature and strain sensors, thereby adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the injected cooling water. By employing a method of injecting retarded grout in the early stage, followed by rapid-setting grout in the later stage, and circulating water before the retarded grout has fully developed its strength, the system provides initial support and flushes out the retarded grout from high-pressure areas through water circulation, preventing complete closure of seepage channels and achieving safe and effective cooling of the tunnel rock wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, relates to an intelligent cooling and drainage system and method for tunnel cooling. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the demand for domestic road and rail transportation has been growing stronger. Although the planning and construction of the domestic transportation network has become more intensive and complete, the transportation network in some areas still cannot meet the needs. Therefore, more and more areas that previously did not have the conditions for construction have begun to plan and build road and rail transportation systems.

[0003] When constructing tunnels in mountainous areas, adverse geological conditions such as high ground temperature, high water pressure, and high ground stress are sometimes encountered, greatly increasing the difficulty of construction. Under these geological conditions, the internal temperature and stress of the rock mass are high, and it often contains cracks that are difficult to detect. These cracks may contain high-temperature, high-pressure water. On the one hand, rock bursts are prone to occur in this environment, and blasting excavation can easily cause scalding water and debris to fly, potentially injuring construction personnel and equipment, thus posing a high risk. On the other hand, the high temperature and humidity inside the excavated tunnel make it very uncomfortable for construction personnel, and some equipment is prone to malfunction. Therefore, ventilation and cooling are required, but this increases the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the rock mass, making it more likely to generate rock cracks, which in turn increases the construction risk.

[0004] In some existing engineering cases, the rock mass is cooled by drilling holes and introducing cooling water in advance. However, directly introducing cooling water to cool the rock mass can easily lead to a large temperature difference inside the rock mass, which can accelerate the formation of new cracks and the development of existing cracks. This can greatly increase the probability of internal rock bursts. Therefore, this method is often only suitable for cooling the tunnel face before blasting and is not suitable for cooling the tunnel walls after they have been excavated. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent cooling and drainage system and method for tunnel cooling, which aims to cool and depressurize the interior of the rock mass, avoid the danger of rock bursts caused by the combined effect of high pressure and temperature stress inside the rock mass, and facilitate subsequent construction.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels, comprising:

[0007] Several grouting anchors were driven into the rock mass;

[0008] A cooling water pumping device, which is connected to a portion of the grouting anchor bolts, is used to inject cooling water into the grouting anchor bolts, and is equipped with an electrically controlled valve assembly for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the injected cooling water;

[0009] Several temperature sensors are embedded in the rock mass and rock walls to monitor temperature;

[0010] Strain sensors are installed on the rock face to monitor the strain of the rock face.

[0011] The controller is electrically connected to the electronically controlled valve assembly, several temperature sensors, and strain sensors, respectively, and is used to control the operation of the electronically controlled valve assembly based on the data signals fed back by the several temperature sensors and strain sensors, thereby adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the cooling water injection.

[0012] Preferably, the cooling water pumping device further includes a pulse pump and a distributor. The pulse pump is connected to the inlet of the distributor via a pipeline. The distributor has several outlets, and each outlet is connected to a corresponding grouting anchor rod via a pipeline. Several electrically controlled valve assemblies are respectively installed on the pipeline between the distributor and the grouting anchor rod.

[0013] Preferably, the grouting anchor bolt includes an anchor bolt body, a water injection core tube, and spiral fins. The water injection core tube is located inside the anchor bolt body, and one end of it located at the tail end of the anchor bolt body is connected to the diverter through a pipeline. The spiral fins are fixedly arranged outside the water injection core tube, and their outer edge contacts the inner wall of the anchor bolt body, so that a spiral water flow channel is formed between the anchor bolt body and the water injection core tube.

[0014] Preferably, the outer edge of the spiral fin is provided with a flexible gasket that presses against the inner wall of the anchor rod body; the cross-section of the flexible gasket is a triangular structure with a cavity inside, and one side of the triangular structure contacts the inner wall of the anchor rod body; the side of the flexible gasket facing the front end of the anchor rod body is provided with a connecting hole that communicates with the cavity; the pitch of the spiral fin gradually decreases along the direction from the front end to the tail end of the anchor rod body.

[0015] Preferably, the grouting anchor further includes an expansion water bladder and a drain pipe. The expansion water bladder is located at the front end of the water injection core pipe and is internally connected to the water injection core pipe. The expansion water bladder has a water passage hole on the side facing the water injection core pipe that is connected to the water flow channel. When water is supplied, the expansion water bladder expands under water pressure and is anchored to the front end of the anchor body. One end of the drain pipe is connected to the tail end of the anchor body and is connected to the water flow channel. The water injection core pipe extends out from one side of the drain pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the cooling water pumping device further includes a return water pipe, a suction pump, a sedimentation tank, and a powerful flushing pipe; one end of the return water pipe is connected to the drain pipe, and the other end is connected to the sedimentation tank; the suction pump is installed on the drain pipe and is used to draw water from the water flow channel and guide it into the sedimentation tank through the drain pipe; the sedimentation tank is connected to the pulse pump and supplies water to the pulse pump; one end of the powerful flushing pipe is connected to the pulse pump and is equipped with a switch valve, and the other end is connected to the water injection core pipe or drain pipe of the grouting anchor rod; when the inside of the grouting anchor rod is blocked, it is cleared by the powerful impact of the pulse pump.

[0017] A method for intelligent cooling and drainage in tunnels includes the following steps:

[0018] A. Install grouting anchors on the tunnel rock wall after excavation, and install strain sensors on the tunnel rock wall. Install several temperature sensors at different depths in the surrounding rock of the tunnel and on the rock wall.

[0019] B. Grouting is carried out on some of the grouting anchors. During grouting, slow-setting grout is injected in the early stage and fast-setting grout is injected in the later stage. The time for the slow-setting grout to form strength should be later than the time for the fast-setting grout to form strength.

[0020] C. Install cooling water pumping devices on the remaining unused grouting anchors;

[0021] D. After the quick-setting grout has solidified and formed strength, and before the slow-setting grout has fully formed strength, turn on the cooling water pumping device to make the cooling water circulate in the corresponding grouting anchor. At the same time, monitor the readings of the strain sensor and the temperature sensor, and control the flow rate and pressure of the cooling water pumping device according to the readings of the strain sensor and the temperature sensor, so that the readings of the strain sensor 30 and the temperature sensor are within the expected state, until the reading of the temperature sensor meets the expected requirements.

[0022] E. Shut down and remove the cooling water pumping device, and grout the grouting anchor bolts after removing the cooling water pumping device.

[0023] Temperature sensor installation: Several temperature sensors are fixedly installed at different length positions of different low thermal conductivity non-metallic grouting anchors, and the low thermal conductivity non-metallic grouting anchors with the temperature sensors installed are dispersedly driven into the tunnel rock wall.

[0024] In step D, cooling water is injected into the grouting anchor bolt via pressurized pulse injection. After the rapid-setting grout has solidified and reached its strength, but before the slow-setting grout has solidified and reached its strength, the cooling water is controlled by the cooling water pumping device 50 to maintain a low pressure and high flow rate, flushing out the slow-setting grout filling the high-pressure water seepage cracks in the rock mass. Then, the injection pressure of the cooling water is increased and the flow rate is reduced to a suitable range. The flow rate and injection pressure of the cooling water pumping device are then controlled based on the readings of the strain sensor and the temperature sensor. The solidification strength of the slow-setting grout is estimated based on the time required for this type of slow-setting grout to solidify and reach its strength, obtained from prior experiments.

[0025] In step D, when the strain sensor reading exceeds the expected state, the injection pressure of the cooling water is reduced. Once the strain sensor reading returns to the expected state, the injection pressure of the cooling water is increased again. A cooling rate curve of the rock mass is calculated and generated based on the readings of different temperature sensors. When the cooling rate of the rock mass is less than the expected threshold, the injection pressure and flow rate of the cooling water are increased; when the cooling rate of the rock mass is greater than the expected threshold, the injection pressure and flow rate of the cooling water are decreased. This prevents the formation of new cracks and the development of existing cracks due to excessive temperature differences and rapid temperature changes within the rock mass, thus helping to maintain the integrity of the surrounding rock.

[0026] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the present invention can understand the temperature difference changes inside and outside the rock mass by monitoring the temperature sensor, and can detect whether the deformation of the rock mass is within a safe range by monitoring the strain sensor and combining it with the temperature difference changes inside and outside the rock mass. In addition, by controlling the flow rate and pressure of cooling water, it can maintain a stable temperature difference between the inside and outside of the rock mass, avoiding the accelerated formation of new cracks and the development of existing cracks caused by temperature stress due to excessively rapid temperature changes. It can also make safety warnings based on the deformation of the rock mass, which helps to reduce or avoid the occurrence of safety accidents; at the same time, the use of early grouting to slow down the setting process... The method of injecting grout, followed by the injection of quick-setting grout and then circulating water before the slow-setting grout has fully developed its strength, not only utilizes the quick-setting grout injected later to fill the main cracks for better consolidation, thus providing initial support and improving the stability of fractured strata and cracked areas, but also flushes out the slow-setting grout from the high-pressure water sources through water circulation, preventing the complete closure of seepage channels. In this way, as the rock mass cools, the continuous seepage of high-pressure water reduces the internal pressure of the rock mass, preventing dangers such as rock bursts caused by the combination of high pressure and temperature stress within the rock mass. Ultimately, this method achieves safe and effective cooling of the tunnel rock walls, facilitating subsequent construction.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the intelligent cooling and drainage system and method for tunnels provided by the present invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the present invention, through the cooperation of grouting anchor bolts, cooling water pumping devices, several temperature sensors, strain sensors and controllers, can realize the application of the above-mentioned tunnel cooling and drainage method in actual engineering, and can realize intelligent control, which is conducive to improving the monitoring and cooling effect, and also conducive to saving manpower. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting anchor bolt layout and sensor installation for the tunnel cooling and drainage method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the pipeline connection of the cooling water pumping device of the intelligent cooling and drainage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a control schematic diagram of an intelligent cooling and drainage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the installation status of the grouting anchor bolts of the intelligent cooling and drainage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the grouting anchor bolt of the intelligent cooling and drainage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the expansion water bladder portion of the grouting anchor bolt in the intelligent cooling and drainage system provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel cooling and drainage method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] In the diagram: 11. Anchor bolt body; 12. Water injection core pipe; 13. Spiral fins; 14. Flexible gasket; 15. Cavity; 16. Connecting hole; 17. Expansion water bladder; 18. Drainage pipe; 19. Water passage hole; 20. Temperature sensor; 30. Strain sensor; 40. Controller; 50. Cooling water pumping device; 51. Electrically controlled valve assembly; 52. Diverter; 53. Pulse pump; 54. Return water pipe; 55. Suction pump; 56. Sedimentation tank; 57. Forced flushing pipe; 58. Water collector; 71. Grouted anchor bolt with pre-grouting; 72. Empty grouted anchor bolt; 80. Tunnel inner wall; 81. Rock mass crack. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] like Figure 1 and 8 As shown, an intelligent cooling and drainage method for tunnels includes the following steps:

[0039] A. Grouting anchors are installed in the tunnel rock wall after excavation, and strain sensors 30 are installed on the tunnel rock wall. Several temperature sensors 20 are installed at different depths in the surrounding rock of the tunnel and on the rock wall.

[0040] B. Grouting is performed on some of the grouting anchors to form grouting anchors 71 that are grouted first; when grouting the grouting anchors 71 that are grouted first, slow-setting grouting material is injected in the early stage and fast-setting grouting material is injected in the later stage, and the time for the slow-setting grouting material to form solidification strength should be later than the time for the fast-setting grouting material to form solidification strength.

[0041] C. Install cooling water pumping devices 50 on the remaining unused grouting anchor bolts 72;

[0042] D. After the quick-setting grout has solidified and formed strength, and before the slow-setting grout has fully formed strength, turn on the cooling water pumping device 50 to make the cooling water circulate in the corresponding grouting anchor. At the same time, monitor the readings of the strain sensor 30 and the temperature sensor 20, and control the flow rate and pressure of the cooling water pumping device 50 according to the readings of the strain sensor 30 and the temperature sensor 20, so that the readings of the strain sensor 30 and the temperature sensor 20 are within the expected state, until the reading of the temperature sensor 20 meets the expected requirements.

[0043] E. Shut down and remove the cooling water pumping device 50, and grout the grouting anchor bolts after removing the cooling water pumping device 50.

[0044] Install temperature sensors 20: Fix several temperature sensors 20 at different length positions of different low thermal conductivity non-metallic grouting anchors, and disperse the low thermal conductivity non-metallic grouting anchors with the temperature sensors 20 installed on the tunnel rock wall.

[0045] In step D, cooling water is injected into the grouting anchor bolt via pressurized pulse injection. After the rapid-setting grout has solidified and reached its strength but before the slow-setting grout has solidified and reached its strength, the cooling water is controlled by the cooling water pumping device 50 to maintain a low pressure and high flow rate, flushing out the slow-setting grout filling the high-pressure water seepage cracks in the rock mass. Then, the injection pressure of the cooling water is increased and the flow rate is reduced to a suitable range. The flow rate and injection pressure of the cooling water pumping device 50 are then controlled based on the readings of the strain sensor 30 and the temperature sensor 20. The solidification strength of the slow-setting grout is estimated based on the time required for the solidification strength of this type of slow-setting grout obtained from prior experiments.

[0046] In step D, when the reading of strain sensor 30 exceeds the expected state, the injection pressure of cooling water is reduced. Once the reading of strain sensor 30 returns to the expected state, the injection pressure of cooling water is increased again. A cooling rate curve of the rock mass is calculated and generated based on the readings of different temperature sensors 20. When the cooling rate of the rock mass is less than the expected threshold, the injection pressure and flow rate of cooling water are increased; when the cooling rate of the rock mass is greater than the expected threshold, the injection pressure and flow rate of cooling water are decreased. This avoids the formation of new cracks and the development of existing cracks due to excessive temperature differences and rapid temperature changes within the rock mass, thus helping to maintain the integrity of the surrounding rock. The low pressure refers to a cooling water pressure P0 less than 1.5-2 times the destructive water pressure of the slow-setting grouting material; the high flow rate refers to a cooling water flow rate q0 not less than 100 cubic centimeters per second.

[0047] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the intelligent tunnel cooling and drainage system provided in the second embodiment of the present invention is applied to the aforementioned tunnel cooling and drainage method. It includes several grouting anchors, a cooling water pumping device, several temperature sensors 20, strain sensors 30, and a controller 40. The grouting anchors are driven into the rock mass. The cooling water pumping device is connected to the grouting anchors and is used to inject cooling water into them. It also includes an electrically controlled valve assembly 51 for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the injected cooling water. The temperature sensors 20 are embedded in the rock mass and on the rock wall to monitor temperature. The strain sensors 30 are installed on the rock wall to monitor its strain. The controller 40 is electrically connected to the electrically controlled valve assembly 51, the temperature sensors 20, and the strain sensors 30, respectively. It controls the operation of the electrically controlled valve assembly 51 based on the data signals fed back from the temperature sensors 20 and the strain sensors 30, thereby adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the injected cooling water. The controller 40 can be an industrial control computer with an automated program or a computer equipped with an intelligent analysis and control system, which can be selected according to specific needs.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels provided in this embodiment, through the cooperation of grouting anchor bolts, cooling water pumping devices, several temperature sensors 20, strain sensors 30 and controllers 40, can realize the application of the above-mentioned tunnel cooling and drainage method in actual engineering, and can realize intelligent control, which is conducive to improving monitoring and cooling effect, and also helps to save manpower.

[0049] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3 The present invention provides a further specific embodiment based on the second embodiment as follows:

[0050] The cooling water pumping device includes a pulse pump 53, a distributor 52, and several electrically controlled valve assemblies 51. The pulse pump 53 is connected to the inlet of the distributor 52 through a pipeline. The distributor 52 has several outlets, and each outlet is connected to a number of grouting anchor rods through a pipeline. Several electrically controlled valve assemblies 51 are respectively installed on the pipeline between the distributor 52 and the grouting anchor rods.

[0051] Please refer to the following: Figures 4 to 7 The present invention provides a further specific embodiment based on the second embodiment as follows:

[0052] The grouting anchor bolt includes an anchor bolt body 11, a water injection core tube 12, and a spiral fin 13. The water injection core tube 12 is inserted into the anchor bolt body 11, and one end of the anchor bolt body 11 is connected to the diverter 52 through a pipeline. The spiral fin 13 is fixedly disposed outside the water injection core tube 12, and its outer edge contacts the inner wall of the anchor bolt body 11, so that a spiral water flow channel is formed between the anchor bolt body 11 and the water injection core tube 12.

[0053] In use, by inserting the water injection core pipe 12 with spiral fins 13 into the corresponding anchor bolt body 11, a spiral water flow channel is formed between the anchor bolt body 11 and the water injection core pipe 12. This extends the water flow path of the water injected from the water injection core pipe 12 between the anchor bolt body 11 and the water injection core pipe 12. This not only allows the water to more fully contact the inner wall of the anchor bolt body 11 for heat exchange, but also increases the retention time of the water in the anchor bolt body 11, enabling the water to more stably remove heat from the rock mass. This allows for more precise and stable control of the rock mass temperature by the intelligent monitoring system. Simultaneously, the cooling water first enters the front end of the anchor bolt 11, is fully heated, and then flows out from the rear end. This results in a smaller temperature difference between the rear end of the anchor bolt 11 and the shallow rock mass of the tunnel inner wall 80, which helps reduce the adverse effects of temperature stress on the development of cracks 81 in the shallow and surface rock mass of the tunnel inner wall 80, and also reduces the possibility of rock bursts in the tunnel inner wall 80, thus improving the safety of construction operations within the tunnel. The anchor bolt 11 has through holes on its surface (the location and number of through holes can be designed according to the specific anchor bolt length and design specifications). These through holes can be grouting holes or newly drilled holes. When the anchor bolt 11 is inserted into the rock mass, the seepage pressure in the rock mass is much greater than the pressure inside the anchor bolt 11. The seepage water in the rock mass flows into the anchor bolt 11 through the through holes for heat exchange.

[0054] The outer edge of the spiral fin 13 is provided with a flexible gasket 14 for pressing against the inner wall of the anchor bolt body 11, thereby enhancing the sealing between the spiral fin 13 and the anchor bolt body 11 and reducing the possibility of stone particles and grouting material discharged from the rock mass embedding into the edge of the spiral fin 13, thus reducing the possibility of water channel blockage. The flexible gasket 14 has a triangular cross-section structure and an internal cavity 15. One side of the triangular cross-section structure contacts the anchor bolt body 11. The cavity 15 increases the flexibility of the flexible gasket 14, while the triangular cross-section structure reduces the impact of pulsed water supply on the contact area, thereby better sealing against the anchor bolt body 11 and further reducing the impact of stone particles. The possibility of grout embedding into the edge of the spiral fin 13; the flexible gasket 14 has a connecting hole 16 on the side facing the front end of the anchor body 11, which communicates with the cavity 15. The connecting hole 16 allows water to flow into the cavity 15. During pulse water supply, the pressure inside the cavity 15 is the same as the pressure of the water flow channel, which can play a better sealing role; the pitch of the spiral fin 13 gradually decreases from the front end to the tail end of the anchor body 11. This allows the speed to increase continuously during the water flow process, which is beneficial to maintaining the internal pressure and flushing out the internal stone particles, grout and air bubbles. At the same time, it can reduce the impact of leakage between the spiral fin 13 and the anchor body 11 on the flow rate.

[0055] The grouting anchor also includes an expansion water bladder 17 and a drain pipe 18. The expansion water bladder 17 is located at the front end of the water injection core pipe 12 and is internally connected to the water injection core pipe 12. The expansion water bladder 17 has a water passage hole 19 on the side facing the water injection core pipe 12, which is connected to the water flow channel. The expansion water bladder 17 is used to expand under water pressure during water supply and anchor to the front end of the anchor body 11. One end of the drain pipe 18 is connected to the tail end of the anchor body 11 and is connected to the water flow channel. The water injection core pipe 12 passes through one side of the drain pipe 18.

[0056] The expansion bladder 17 can anchor the water injection core tube 12, preventing it from moving back and forth and rubbing against each other under the action of pulsed water and causing damage. During installation, if the inner diameter of the water injection core tube 12 is relatively large, the expansion bladder 17 can be inserted into the inner hole of the water injection core tube 12 to prevent the expansion bladder 17 from being scratched by friction with the inner wall of the anchor rod body 11. When water is injected, the water pressure can force the expansion bladder 17 out and squeeze it against the inner wall of the anchor rod body 11. When disassembly is required, the water pressure is removed, and there is basically no friction between the expansion bladder 17 and the inner wall of the anchor rod body 11. It can be easily pulled out by pulling out the water injection core tube 12.

[0057] The expansion water bladder 17 is an elastic spherical structure; the front end of the expansion water bladder 17 is provided with a guide head, and several protective plates are provided on the outside. This facilitates installation and prevents it from being scratched by friction with the inner wall of the anchor rod body 11 during installation.

[0058] The protective plate has a petal-shaped structure, and its front and rear ends are connected to the expansion water bladder 17 respectively, so as to prevent the protective plate from getting stuck in the anchor body 11 during installation and disassembly.

[0059] The cooling water pumping device also includes a return water pipe 54, a suction pump 55, and a sedimentation tank 56; one end of the return water pipe 54 is connected to the drain pipe 18, and the other end is connected to the sedimentation tank 56; the suction pump 55 is installed on the drain pipe 18 and is used to draw water from the water flow channel and introduce it into the sedimentation tank 56 through the drain pipe 18; the sedimentation tank 56 is connected to the pulse pump 53 to supply water to the pulse pump 53.

[0060] The suction pump 55 can be directly connected to the drainage pipe 18 of one set of grouting anchors through the return water pipe 54, or it can be connected to the return water pipe 54 corresponding to the drainage pipes 18 of multiple or all grouting anchors through the water collector 58. The drainage pipes 18 of grouting anchors not connected to the suction pump 55 can be directly introduced into the sedimentation tank 56 through pipelines.

[0061] The suction pump 55 further increases the efficiency of water circulation, which is more conducive to the penetration of cooling water into the rock mass and the discharge of high-pressure water inside the rock mass, thus improving the cooling effect. It also facilitates the collection of cooling water at the fracture points of the rock mass and reduces cooling water leakage. The sedimentation tank 56 serves two purposes: sedimentation and heat dissipation of the return water. If it is necessary to maintain the tunnel temperature to avoid excessive temperature differences between the inside and outside of the rock mass, the sedimentation tank 56 can be placed inside the tunnel. If the temperature inside the tunnel is too high, the sedimentation tank 56 can be placed outside the tunnel.

[0062] The cooling water pumping device also includes a powerful flushing pipe 57. One end of the powerful flushing pipe 57 is connected to the pulse pump 53 and is equipped with a switch valve. The other end is used to connect to the water injection core pipe 12 or the drainage pipe 18 of the grouting anchor rod, so that when a blockage occurs inside a grouting anchor rod, it can be cleared by the powerful impact of the pulse pump 53.

[0063] Temperature sensors can also be installed on the water injection core pipe 12 and drainage pipe 18 of the grouting anchor bolt and electrically connected to the controller 40 to calculate the heat carried out by the circulating water, thereby more accurately calculating and planning the cooling curve. In addition, the controller 40 can be connected to the suction pump 55 and the pulse pump 53 respectively to control their on / off state, power, pulse frequency, etc., to obtain better cooling effect.

[0064] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels, characterized in that, include: Several grouting anchors were driven into the rock mass; A cooling water pumping device is connected to a portion of the grouting anchors for injecting cooling water into the grouting anchors, and is equipped with an electrically controlled valve assembly (51) for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the cooling water injection; several temperature sensors (20) are embedded in the rock mass and rock wall for monitoring temperature; a strain sensor (30) is installed on the rock wall for monitoring the strain of the rock wall; a controller (40) is electrically connected to the electrically controlled valve assembly (51), several temperature sensors (20) and strain sensors (30) respectively, and is used to control the action of the electrically controlled valve assembly (51) according to the data signals fed back by several temperature sensors (20) and strain sensors (30), thereby adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the cooling water injection; The cooling water pumping device also includes a pulse pump (53) and a distributor (52). The pulse pump (53) is connected to the inlet of the distributor (52) through a pipeline. The distributor (52) is provided with a plurality of outlets. The plurality of outlets are respectively connected to a plurality of grouting anchor rods through pipelines. A plurality of electrically controlled valve assemblies (51) are respectively installed on the pipeline between the distributor (52) and the grouting anchor rods. The grouting anchor includes an anchor body (11), a water injection core tube (12), and spiral fins (13). The water injection core tube (12) is located inside the anchor body (11), and one end of it located at the tail end of the anchor body (11) is connected to the diverter (52) through a pipeline. The spiral fins (13) are fixedly arranged outside the water injection core tube (12), and their outer edge contacts the inner wall of the anchor body (11), so that a spiral water flow channel is formed between the anchor body (11) and the water injection core tube (12).

2. The intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the spiral fin (13) is provided with a flexible gasket (14) that presses against the inner wall of the anchor rod body (11); the cross section of the flexible gasket (14) is a triangular structure with a cavity (15) inside, and one side of the triangular structure is in contact with the inner wall of the anchor rod body (11).

3. The intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible gasket (14) has a connecting hole (16) on the side facing the front end of the anchor body (11) that communicates with the cavity (15).

4. The intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the direction from the front end to the rear end of the anchor body (11), the pitch of the spiral fins (13) gradually decreases.

5. The intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The grouting anchor also includes an expansion water bladder (17) and a drain pipe (18). The expansion water bladder (17) is located at the front end of the water injection core pipe (12) and is internally connected to the water injection core pipe (12). The expansion water bladder (17) has a water passage hole (19) connected to the water flow channel on the side facing the water injection core pipe (12).

6. The intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, When water is supplied, the expansion water bladder (17) expands under water pressure and is anchored at the front end of the anchor rod body (11); one end of the drain pipe (18) is connected to the tail end of the anchor rod body (11) and communicates with the water flow channel, and the water injection core pipe (12) passes through one side of the drain pipe (18).

7. The intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling water pumping device also includes a return water pipe (54), a suction pump (55), a sedimentation tank (56), and a high-pressure flushing pipe (57); one end of the return water pipe (54) is connected to the drain pipe (18), and the other end is connected to the sedimentation tank (56); the suction pump (55) is installed on the drain pipe (18) and is used to draw water from the water flow channel and introduce it into the sedimentation tank (56) through the drain pipe (18); the sedimentation tank (56) is connected to the pulse pump (53) and supplies water to the pulse pump (53); one end of the high-pressure flushing pipe (57) is connected to the pulse pump (53) and is equipped with a switch valve, and the other end is connected to the water injection core pipe (12) of the grouting anchor or the drain pipe (18).

8. A method for implementing the intelligent cooling and drainage system for tunnels as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A. Install grouting anchors in the excavated tunnel rock walls and install strain sensors on the tunnel rock walls. Install several temperature sensors at different depths within the surrounding rock mass and on the tunnel rock walls. B. Grout some of the grouting anchors. During grouting, inject retarded grout in the early stage and quick-setting grout in the later stage. The consolidation strength formation time of the retarded grout must be later than that of the quick-setting grout. C. Install cooling water pumps on the remaining unused grouting anchors. D. After the quick-setting grout has consolidated to its strength, and before the retarded grout has completely solidified... Before full strength is achieved, the cooling water pumping device is turned on to circulate the cooling water within the corresponding grouting anchor. Simultaneously, the readings of the strain sensor and the temperature sensor are monitored, and the flow rate and pressure of the cooling water pumping device are controlled based on these readings to ensure that the strain sensor and temperature sensor readings are within the expected range, until the temperature sensor reading meets the expected requirements; E. The cooling water pumping device is then turned off and removed, and grouting is performed on the grouting anchor after the cooling water pumping device has been removed; In step A, several... The temperature sensors are fixedly installed at different lengths of various low-thermal-conductivity non-metallic grouting anchors. These low-thermal-conductivity non-metallic grouting anchors, equipped with the temperature sensors, are dispersedly driven into the tunnel rock wall. In step D, cooling water is injected into the grouting anchors via pressurized pulse injection. After the rapid-setting grout has solidified and reached its strength but before the slow-setting grout has solidified and reached its strength, the cooling water is controlled by a cooling water pump to flush out the slow-setting grout filling the high-pressure water seepage gaps in the rock mass. Then, the injection pressure of the cooling water is increased and the flow rate is reduced, and then... The readings of the strain sensor and the temperature sensor control the flow rate and injection pressure of the cooling water pumping device; in step D, when the reading of the strain sensor exceeds the expected state, the injection pressure of the cooling water is reduced, and the injection pressure of the cooling water is increased again after the reading of the strain sensor returns to the expected state; the cooling rate curve of the rock mass is calculated and generated by the readings of different temperature sensors, and when the cooling rate of the rock mass is less than the expected threshold, the injection pressure and flow rate of the cooling water are increased; when the cooling rate of the rock mass is greater than the expected threshold, the injection pressure and flow rate of the cooling water are decreased.

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