Dust removal system, dust removal method and machine tool for five-axis aviation composite material processing machine tool

Abstract

The application relates to a five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system and method and machine tool, and relates to the field of dust removal of machining equipment. The dust removal system comprises a shaft head dust removal module and a machining environment dust removal module. The shaft head dust removal module comprises a pressure gas source, a vacuum generator, a rotary adapter structure, a dust suction hose, a shaft head negative pressure structure and a dust collection box. The pressure gas source is connected with an air inlet of the vacuum generator. A vacuum port of the vacuum generator is connected with the shaft head negative pressure structure through the rotary adapter structure and the dust suction hose. The shaft head negative pressure structure is arranged around a main shaft head of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool. An exhaust port of the vacuum generator is connected with the dust collection box. The machining environment dust removal module comprises an environment dust suction pipe, a dust collection box dust suction pipe and an exhaust mechanism. The exhaust mechanism is connected into a machine tool bed body through the environment dust suction pipe and is connected with the dust collection box through the dust collection box dust suction pipe. The application can improve the dust removal effect on aviation composite material dust.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of machine tool dust removal, in particular to a five-axis aircraft composite material machining tool dust removal system. The present application also relates to a five-axis aircraft composite material machining tool dust removal method and a five-axis aircraft composite material machining tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the advancement of technology, composite materials are increasingly used in the field of aviation. During the grinding process of composite materials, a large amount of composite material dust is generated. The composite material dust contains carbon fibers, which not only affects human health, but also poses a risk of dust explosion. Therefore, effective removal is required.

[0003] In order to remove the dust generated during the machining of aircraft composite materials, a dust removal system is usually provided in the machine tool. The dust generated during the machining is removed by negative pressure suction to prevent the dust from escaping to the outside of the machine tool with the air. The negative pressure suction method usually uses a blower to generate negative pressure. The blower can generate a large amount of air and can generate a negative pressure of 4KPa or less, which can effectively remove the dust floating in the air.

[0004] The carbon fibers contained in the aircraft composite material result in a large dust mass of the aircraft composite material dust. In addition, the machining of the machine tool also forms dust with a high splashing speed, resulting in high kinetic energy of the dust. The ordinary negative pressure dust removal system cannot effectively capture the dust with large mass and high kinetic energy, which affects the dust removal effect of the dust removal system. In order to improve the dust removal effect of the dust removal system on the dust with large kinetic energy, the blower discharge capacity is usually increased to improve the negative pressure of the dust removal system and the dust removal air volume. However, the negative pressure generated by the blower is limited, and increasing the blower discharge capacity has limited effect on the removal of dust with large mass and high kinetic energy. However, this greatly increases the working noise of the dust removal system, causing strong noise pollution.

[0005] According to the related technology described above, the inventors believe that there is a defect of poor dust removal effect on aircraft composite material dust. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to improve the dust removal effect of the machine tool dust removal system on the aircraft composite material dust, the present application provides a five-axis aircraft composite material machining tool dust removal system, a dust removal method and a machine tool.

[0007] The five-axis aircraft composite material machining tool dust removal system provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The dust removal system of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool comprises a spindle head dust removal module and a machining environment dust removal module; the spindle head dust removal module comprises a pressure gas source, a vacuum generator, a rotary adapter structure, a dust suction hose, a spindle head negative pressure structure and a dust collection box, the pressure gas source is connected with an air inlet of the vacuum generator, a vacuum port of the vacuum generator is connected with the rotary adapter structure, the rotary adapter structure is connected with the spindle head negative pressure structure through the dust suction hose, the spindle head negative pressure structure is arranged around a main shaft head of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, and an exhaust port of the vacuum generator is connected with the dust collection box; the machining environment dust removal module comprises an environment dust suction pipe, a dust collection box dust suction pipe and an exhaust mechanism, one end of the environment dust suction pipe is connected into a tool bed of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, the other end is connected with the exhaust mechanism, one end of the dust collection box dust suction pipe is connected with the dust collection box, and the other end is connected with the exhaust mechanism.

[0009] By adopting the above technical scheme, the spindle head dust removal module is used to suck and remove aviation composite material machining dust around the main shaft head of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, the dust suction distance is short, and the dust suction effect is good; the spindle head negative pressure structure can limit the dust formed by machining of the spindle head, reduce the escape amount of the dust, and form a negative pressure environment with high negative pressure in a small space in the spindle head negative pressure structure; the vacuum generator can generate a high negative pressure dust suction environment with higher negative pressure and smaller flow; the machining environment dust removal module can form a dust suction environment with lower negative pressure and larger flow in the whole tool bed in the tool bed of the tool, further remove the dust escaped from the spindle head negative pressure structure, and improve the removal rate of the aviation composite material dust; and the dust collection box dust suction pipe can suck and remove the aviation composite material dust collected in the dust collection box of the spindle head dust removal module, so that manual treatment of the dust in the dust collection box is not needed, and the operation is more convenient.

[0010] In a specific implementation scheme, the vacuum generator is arranged on a Z-direction sliding table of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, and the rotary adapter structure is arranged between a C-axis movement arm of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool and the Z-direction sliding table.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the vacuum generator is arranged on the Z-direction sliding table of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, the distance between the vacuum generator and the spindle head negative pressure structure is reduced, the pressure decay caused by the length of the negative pressure channel is reduced, and high negative pressure in the spindle head negative pressure structure is ensured; and the rotary adapter structure is used to ensure that the negative pressure channel is not affected by movement of the C-axis movement arm of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool.

[0012] In one specific implementation, the rotary adapter structure includes a Z-axis slide connector and a C-axis motion arm connector. The C-axis motion arm connector is rotatably connected to the Z-axis slide connector, forming a sealed connection cavity between them. The Z-axis slide connector has a vacuum generator connection port connected to the sealed connection cavity. The Z-axis slide connector is fixed to the Z-axis slide and connected to the vacuum port through the vacuum generator connection port. The C-axis motion arm connector has a shaft head negative pressure structure connection port connected to the sealed connection cavity. The C-axis motion arm connector is fixed to the C-axis motion arm and connected to the suction hose through the shaft head negative pressure structure connection port.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the Z-axis slide connector is fixed on the Z-axis slide, the C-axis motion arm connector is fixed on the C-axis motion arm, and the rotational connection between the C-axis motion arm connector and the Z-axis slide connector can better adapt to the rotation of the C-axis motion arm of the five-axis aerospace composite material processing machine tool. The sealed connection cavity is used to realize the transmission of the high negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator to the negative pressure structure of the shaft head, preventing the negative pressure transmission pipeline from affecting the movement of the C-axis motion arm.

[0014] In one specific implementation scheme, the shaft head negative pressure structure includes a shaft head negative pressure cover, a telescopic bellows cover, an isolation strip seat, a flexible isolation strip, and a distance adjustment device. The shaft head negative pressure cover is fixed to one end of the A-axis motion arm of the five-axis aerospace composite material processing machine tool. The shaft head negative pressure cover is provided with a negative pressure cover hose interface and is connected to the dust suction hose through the negative pressure cover hose interface. The telescopic bellows cover is connected between the shaft head negative pressure cover and the isolation strip seat. The flexible isolation strip is disposed on the isolation strip seat. The distance adjustment device is distributed and connected to the shaft head negative pressure cover and the isolation strip seat to adjust the distance between the isolation strip seat and the shaft head negative pressure cover.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solutions, the shaft head negative pressure cover, telescopic bellows cover, isolation strip seat, and flexible isolation strip can form a small, high-negative-pressure dust removal space surrounding the shaft head processing area, which facilitates the restriction and suction of aerospace composite material dust generated during shaft head processing. The distance adjustment device can adjust the distance between the flexible isolation strip and the end of the A-axis moving arm, which facilitates the operation of the processing tools installed on the shaft head. The telescopic bellows cover can maintain the sealing of the shaft head negative pressure structure and maintain the high negative pressure within the shaft head negative pressure structure during the telescopic movement of the flexible isolation strip.

[0016] In one specific implementation scheme, the dust collection box is located at one end of the crossbeam of the five-axis aerospace composite material processing machine tool, and a pulse filter bag dust removal device is installed inside the dust collection box.

[0017] By adopting the technical scheme, the dust collecting box is arranged on the cross beam, the distance between the vacuum generator and the dust collecting box is reduced, the resistance of the air duct for conveying dust into the dust collecting box is reduced, and the dust conveying is facilitated; the pulse filter bag dust removal device is used, the filter bag can be back-flushed to remove dust when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filter bag is large, the dust adhered to the filter bag is blown off, the filtering and dust removal effect of the filter bag is restored, and the service life of the filter bag is prolonged.

[0018] In a specific implementable embodiment, the plurality of environment dust suction pipes are connected to the connection ports at different positions around the bed body, and the distance between adjacent connection ports is 1000-1200mm.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, the plurality of environment dust suction pipes are used to form a relatively uniform negative pressure environment and a relatively balanced dust suction airflow at different positions in the bed body, so that the dust at different positions in the bed body can be better suctioned, and the overall dust suction effect in the bed body is improved.

[0020] In a specific implementable embodiment, the connection port of the environment dust suction pipe and the bed body is arranged 200-400mm above the worktable of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool.

[0021] By adopting the technical scheme, the connection port of the environment dust suction pipe 200-400mm above the worktable is used to suction the dust mixed in the machining chips during the process of falling into the worktable for chip removal, so that the dust is prevented from being discharged together with the machining chips.

[0022] In a specific implementable embodiment, the dust suction pipe of the dust collecting box is connected to the bottom of the ash bin of the dust collecting box.

[0023] By adopting the technical scheme, the dust suction pipe of the dust collecting box is used to better suction the dust at the bottom of the ash bin of the dust collecting box into the machining environment dust removal module and discharge it through the exhaust pipe, so that the accumulation of dust at the bottom of the ash bin is prevented.

[0024] The five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal method provided in the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0025] A five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal method of the application uses the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the application to perform dust removal, and includes the following steps:

[0026] The compressed air with a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is delivered to the air inlet of the vacuum generator by opening the pressure source, so that the negative pressure of more than 40 KPa is formed in the shaft head negative pressure structure, the shaft head machining dust is sucked, and the dust-containing gas is delivered to the dust collection box for separation and collection; the exhaust mechanism is opened, and the negative pressure of 1-3 KPa is formed in the bed body to suck the dust in the bed body and suck out the dust in the dust collection box.

[0027] By adopting the technical scheme, the compressed air with a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa provided by the pressure source can form a negative pressure of more than 40 KPa at the vacuum port of the vacuum generator, so that a higher negative pressure dust suction environment is formed in the shaft head negative pressure structure, that is, a smaller space around the machining tool, and the aviation composite material dust formed by machining the tool is effectively sucked. The low negative pressure and large flow negative pressure environment with a negative pressure of 1-3 KPa formed in the bed body by the exhaust mechanism forms a negative pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bed body, so that the dust escaping from the shaft head negative pressure structure to the bed body cannot escape to the outside of the bed body, and the dust removal effect is further improved. The dust removal method of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool has a dust capture efficiency of more than 95% (particle diameter > 0.5 μm) for the dust generated by machining the machine tool, and the noise of the equipment and indoor system is ≤85 dB, which meets the national standard requirements.

[0028] The five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool provided by the application adopts the dust removal system of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool.

[0029] By adopting the technical scheme, the compressed air with a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa provided by the pressure source can form a negative pressure of more than 40 KPa at the vacuum port of the vacuum generator, so that a higher negative pressure dust suction environment is formed in the shaft head negative pressure structure, that is, a smaller space around the machining tool, and the aviation composite material dust formed by machining the tool is effectively sucked. The low negative pressure and large flow negative pressure environment with a negative pressure of 1-3 KPa formed in the bed body by the exhaust mechanism forms a negative pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bed body, so that the dust escaping from the shaft head negative pressure structure to the bed body cannot escape to the outside of the bed body, and the dust removal effect is further improved. The dust removal method of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool has a dust capture efficiency of more than 95% (particle diameter > 0.5 μm) for the dust generated by machining the machine tool, and the noise of the equipment and indoor system is ≤85 dB, which meets the national standard requirements.

[0030] In summary, the application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. A higher negative pressure is formed by the vacuum generator, and the dust formed by machining the aviation composite material by the main shaft head is sucked by using the higher negative pressure, so that the dust with high quality and high kinetic energy is better sucked, the dust capture efficiency is improved, and the noise generated when the high negative pressure is formed is reduced;

[0032] 2. The high negative pressure structure of the spindle head is used to form high negative pressure in a small range around the spindle head, which is conducive to the formation of high negative pressure environment, and more dust generated during the machining of the spindle head is limited in the spindle head negative pressure structure, which is conducive to the suction of dust by high negative pressure airflow;

[0033] 3. The low negative pressure and large flow dust suction airflow formed by the machining environment dust removal module can form low negative pressure and large flow airflow in a larger range in the bed body, which is conducive to the suction of dust escaping from the spindle head negative pressure structure, and can form a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bed body to prevent dust from escaping from the bed body, thereby further improving the overall dust removal effect of the dust removal system;

[0034] 4. The negative pressure airflow formed by the machining environment dust removal module is used to suck the dust collected by the spindle head dust removal module, which realizes the automatic removal of the accumulated dust collected by the spindle head dust removal module, reduces the dependence on manual removal of accumulated dust, prevents excessive accumulation of dust collected by the spindle head dust removal module, and ensures the dust removal effect of the spindle head dust removal module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the present application.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the spindle head dust removal module of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the present application.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the spindle head negative pressure structure and adjacent structure of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the present application.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a lower front view of the Z-direction sliding table of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the present application.

[0039] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 A-A direction sectional view.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the vacuum generator of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the present application.

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the machining environment dust removal module of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system of the present application.

[0042] Figure 8 It is a flowchart of an embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal method of the present application.

[0043] Explanation of reference signs: 1, shaft head dust removal module; 11, vacuum generator; 111, air inlet; 112, vacuum port; 113, exhaust port; 12, rotating adapter structure; 121, Z-direction sliding table connecting piece; 122, C-axis movement arm connecting piece; 123, vacuum generator connecting port; 124, shaft head negative pressure structure connecting port; 13, dust suction hose; 14, shaft head negative pressure structure; 141, shaft head negative pressure cover; 142, telescopic bellows; 143, isolation strip seat; 144, flexible isolation strip; 145, distance adjusting device; 146, negative pressure cover hose interface; 15, high-pressure dust feeding pipeline; 16, dust collection box; 2, machining environment dust removal module; 21, environment dust suction pipe; 22, dust collection box dust suction pipe; 23, exhaust mechanism; 24, dust suction pipeline; 31, main shaft head; 32, Z-direction sliding table; 33, C-axis movement arm; 34, A-axis movement arm; 4, cross beam; 5, cross beam frame; 6, curtain; 7, chain belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely intended to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "provided", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrally connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In the description of the present application, the term "negative pressure" is relative to the external atmospheric pressure, which refers to the difference less than the external atmospheric pressure. The term "high negative pressure" refers to a pressure state in which the pressure is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference with the external atmospheric pressure is not less than 13KPa, at this time, the absolute pressure value of the gas pressure is low; "low negative pressure" refers to a pressure state in which the pressure is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference with the external atmospheric pressure is not higher than 4KPa, at this time, the absolute pressure value of the gas pressure is high.

[0047] One embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool dust removal system of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 , includes a shaft head dust removal module 1 and a machining environment dust removal module 2 provided on the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool.

[0048] The five-axis aviation composite machining tool is a machining tool for aviation composite machining, and the spindle head can move along five axes. The five-axis aviation composite machining tool has the advantages of flexible spindle head movement and high machining precision, and can perform machining on various machining surfaces of aviation composites. Generally, the five-axis aviation composite machining tool is provided with a support rail on the workbench, and the cross beam 5 can move along the X-axis on the support rail; as shown in Figure 2 the cross beam 4 is installed on the top of the cross beam 5, the Z-direction sliding table 32 is installed on the cross beam 4 and can move along the cross beam 4 along the Y-axis, and the Z-direction sliding table 32 can also be lifted relative to the cross beam 4 to move along the Z-axis; as shown in Figure 3 the C-axis movement arm 33 is coaxially connected to the lower end of the Z-direction sliding table 32 and can rotate around the axis of the Z-direction sliding table 32 to move along the C-axis; as shown in Figure 4 the A-axis movement arm 34 is connected to the lower end of the C-axis movement arm 33 and can swing in a vertical plane relative to the C-axis movement arm 33 to move along the A-axis; as shown in Figure 5 the spindle head 31 is installed on the A-axis movement arm 34 and can drive the machining tool installed on the spindle head 31 to rotate through the rotation of the spindle head 31 to perform machining work on the aviation composite material fixed on the workbench. By replacing different machining tools, the aviation composite material can be machined by turning, milling, grinding and other machining operations.

[0049] The spindle head dust removal module 1 comprises a pressure gas source, a vacuum generator 11, a rotary adapter structure 12, a dust suction hose 13, a spindle head negative pressure structure 14 and a dust collection box 16. The pressure gas source can be various structures capable of providing high-pressure compressed air with a pressure of 0.5 MPa or more, and an air compressor is usually used, and a compressed air storage tank can also be used. The vacuum generator 11 is a structure that uses high-pressure gas as driving force, forms a high negative pressure state close to vacuum through rapid flow of gas, and uses fluid mechanics principle. As shown in Figure 6As shown, the vacuum generator 11 includes an air inlet 111 for inputting high-pressure compressed air, a vacuum port 112 for sucking air to form a high-negative pressure vacuum state, and an air outlet 113 for the outflow of compressed air and sucked air. A pressure source is connected to the air inlet 111 of the vacuum generator 11 through an air supply pipeline to be able to provide high-pressure compressed air to the vacuum generator 11. The vacuum port 112 of the vacuum generator 11 is connected to the rotary adapter structure 12 through a pipeline and is adapted to the dust collection hose 13 through the rotary adapter structure 12, and is connected to the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 through the dust collection hose 13 to form a high-negative pressure state in the shaft head negative pressure structure 14. The shaft head negative pressure structure 14 is arranged around the main shaft head 31 to form a high-negative pressure state around the main shaft head 31. When the machining tool mounted on the main shaft head 31 processes the aviation composite material, aviation composite material dust will be formed near the main shaft head 31. The shaft head negative pressure structure 14 can limit the spatter range of the dust, and can form a high-negative pressure that is tens of times higher than that of a common negative pressure dust collection mechanism in the range of the shaft head negative pressure structure 14. And relying on the large suction force formed by the high-negative pressure, it can suck away the aviation composite material dust with large mass and large kinetic energy along the dust collection hose 13 and the rotary adapter structure 12 into the vacuum generator 11, and then discharged through the air outlet 113 of the vacuum generator 11. The air outlet 113 of the vacuum generator 11 is connected to the dust collection box 16 through the high-pressure dust conveying pipeline 15. The dust collection box 16 is provided with a dust filtering structure. The dust filtering structure filters the gas containing dust entering through the high-pressure dust conveying pipeline 15, collects the filtered dust in the dust collection box 16, and discharges the filtered gas to the atmosphere. In this embodiment, the pressure source is selected as an air compressor with a main machine power of 18.5kw. The high-pressure air of 0.6-0.8MPa can be input to the air inlet 111 of the vacuum generator 11 to form a negative pressure of 50KPa in the shaft head negative pressure structure 14, which has better suction capacity for high-mass and high-kinetic-energy aviation composite material dust.

[0050] The processing environment dedusting module 2 comprises an environment suction pipe 21, a dust collection box suction pipe 22 and an exhaust mechanism 23. The exhaust mechanism 23 is a mechanism for forming a negative pressure environment by sucking air through a large flow air current, usually using a blower. The air inlet end of the exhaust mechanism 23 is connected to one end of the environment suction pipe 21 through the suction pipe 24, and is connected to both sides of the bed of the five-axis aviation composite material processing machine tool through the environment suction pipe 21, and is connected to the bed, so that the air in the bed is sucked out and a large-scale negative pressure environment is formed in the entire bed. The bed is composed of a partition plate arranged around the workbench and a door. On the top of the bed, a curtain 6 is arranged on both sides of the cross beam 4. One end of the curtain 6 can move with the cross beam 4 to form a partition between the inside and outside of the top of the bed. When the air in the bed is sucked out by the exhaust mechanism 23 through the environment suction pipe 21, the air outside the bed enters the bed from the gap of the curtain 6, the gap between the bed partition plate and the door, and forms an air current flowing into the environment suction pipe 21 in the bed, sucking out a small amount of dust escaping from the shaft head negative pressure structure 14, and discharging to the outside after dust removal. The exhaust mechanism 23 in the embodiment uses a return air explosion-proof blower with a main machine power of 22kw, which can form a negative pressure of 1.8Kp in the bed, and the suction air volume is 20000m2 / h, which can form an air current speed greater than 1m / s in the bed, and effectively capture the dust in the bed. At the same time, since the whole bed is in a negative pressure state, the air current from the outside of the bed to the inside of the bed is formed in the gap of the bed, which effectively prevents the dust from escaping through the bed. The flow area of the dust collection box suction pipe 22 is smaller than that of the environment suction pipe 21, usually 10-20% of that of the environment suction pipe 21. One end of the dust collection box suction pipe 22 is connected to the dust collection box 16, and the other end is connected to the suction pipe 24. The negative pressure formed by the exhaust mechanism 23 can suck out the dust collected in the dust collection box 16 and discharge it through the exhaust pipe, so that the dust collected in the dust collection box 16 can be automatically removed, avoiding the periodic removal by manual operation, reducing the operation process, and preventing the omission of manual operation.

[0051] The five-axis aviation composite machining tool dust removal system of the embodiment can effectively remove large mass and high kinetic energy aviation composite dust with better dust removal effect by adopting higher negative pressure of the shaft head dust removal module 1 to remove the dust formed by machining the spindle head 31 around the spindle head 31 in a smaller range with smaller dust removal flow and higher negative pressure. The machining environment dust removal module 2 forms a dust removal airflow with lower negative pressure and larger flow in a larger range in the whole bed body to further remove the dust that cannot be removed by the shaft head dust removal module 1, thereby further improving the overall dust capture efficiency of the five-axis aviation composite machining tool dust removal system of the application. At the same time, the machining environment dust removal module 2 is used to remove the dust sucked out by the shaft head dust removal module 1, thereby reducing the manual intervention to the dust removal system and improving the working efficiency of the dust removal system.

[0052] In some embodiments of the five-axis aviation composite machining tool dust removal system of the application, as shown in Figure 2 The vacuum generator 11 is arranged in the head cover of the Z-direction sliding table 32 of the five-axis aviation composite machining tool, one end of the rotary adapter structure 12 is fixed on the C-axis motion arm 33 of the five-axis aviation composite machining tool, and the other end is fixed on the Z-direction sliding table 32 of the five-axis aviation composite machining tool. When the C-axis motion arm 33 rotates relative to the Z-direction sliding table 32, the two ends of the rotary adapter structure 12 can also rotate relatively, so that the twisting of the pipeline connected between the rotary adapter structure 12 and the vacuum generator 11 and the dust removal hose 13 connected between the rotary adapter structure 12 and the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 is not caused when the C-axis motion arm 33 moves in the C-axis direction, thereby ensuring that the vacuum generator 11 forms a stable high negative pressure dust removal space in the shaft head negative pressure structure 14.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the five-axis aviation composite machining tool dust removal system of the application, as shown in Figures 3 to 5As shown, the rotary adapter structure 12 includes a Z-direction sliding table connector 121 and a C-axis motion arm connector 122. The C-axis motion arm connector 122 is axially connected with the Z-direction sliding table connector 121 and can rotate relative to the same rotation axis. A sealed connection cavity is formed between the Z-direction sliding table connector 121 and the C-axis motion arm connector 122, and a sealing strip is arranged between the Z-direction sliding table connector 121 and the C-axis motion arm connector 122 around the sealed connection cavity, so as to ensure the sealing of the sealed connection cavity when the Z-direction sliding table connector 121 and the C-axis motion arm connector 122 rotate relative to each other. A vacuum generator connection port 123 is arranged on the Z-direction sliding table connector 121 and communicates with the sealed connection cavity. The Z-direction sliding table connector 121 is fixed on the Z-direction sliding table 32, and a pipeline is connected between the vacuum generator connection port 123 and the vacuum port 112, and the vacuum generator connection port 123 and the connecting pipeline can be arranged in the outer cover of the Z-direction sliding table 32 together with the vacuum generator 11. An axle head negative pressure structure connection port 124 is arranged on the C-axis motion arm connector 122 and communicates with the sealed connection cavity. The C-axis motion arm connector 122 is fixed on the C-axis motion arm 33, and a dust collection hose 13 is connected to the axle head negative pressure structure connection port 124. When the C-axis motion arm connector 122 rotates relative to the Z-direction sliding table 32, the relative positions between the vacuum generator connection port 123 and the connecting pipeline and the Z-direction sliding table 32 and the relative positions between the dust collection hose 13 and the C-axis motion arm connector 122 are ensured through the rotation of the C-axis motion arm connector 122 relative to the Z-direction sliding table connector 121, so as to prevent the twisting and interference of the connecting pipeline. The arrangement of the sealed connection cavity ensures the transmission of the high negative pressure environment from the vacuum port 112 to the dust collection hose 13.

[0054] As a specific embodiment of the dust removal system of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool in the present application, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the axle head negative pressure structure 14 includes an axle head negative pressure cover 141, an accordion cover 142, a separation strip seat 143, a flexible separation strip 144, and a distance adjusting device 145. The axle head negative pressure cover 141 is fixed on the outer circumferential part of one end of the A-axis motion arm 34 of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, so that the spindle head 31 is located at the middle part of the axle head negative pressure cover 141. Two negative pressure cover hose interfaces 146 are arranged on the axle head negative pressure cover 141 on the two sides opposite to the swing shaft of the A-axis motion arm 34, and two axle head negative pressure structure connection ports 124 are also arranged on the C-axis motion arm connector 122 on the two sides opposite to the swing shaft of the A-axis motion arm 34. Two dust collection hoses 13 are connected between the same side axle head negative pressure structure connection ports 124 and the negative pressure cover hose interfaces 146. In this way, when the A-axis motion arm 34 swings to make the A-axis move, the deformation of the dust collection hose 13 is small, and the reliable connection between the axle head negative pressure structure connection ports 124 and the negative pressure cover hose interfaces 146 can be better ensured.

[0055] The telescopic concertina cover 142 is connected between the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 and the isolation strip seat 143. When the distance between the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 and the isolation strip seat 143 changes, the telescopic concertina cover 142 can ensure the sealing between the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 and the isolation strip seat 143 by telescoping. The flexible isolation strip 144 is arranged on the isolation strip seat 143. When the main shaft head 31 processes the aviation composite material, the flexible isolation strip 144 can better contact the surface of the aviation composite material, so that the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 and the surface of the aviation composite material form a relatively closed negative pressure dust collection space. The flexible isolation strip 144 can be made of a flexible material with a certain elasticity, such as a soft glass strip or a bristle brush, so as to better adapt to different surfaces of the aviation composite material and form better isolation inside and outside the flexible isolation strip 144. The distance adjusting device 145 can be a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The distance adjusting device 145 is connected to the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 and the isolation strip seat 143. By controlling the extension and retraction of the distance adjusting device 145, the distance between the isolation strip seat 143 and the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 can be adjusted. When the distance between the isolation strip seat 143 and the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 is shortened, the main shaft head 31 can be better exposed, and the machining tool on the main shaft head 31 can be conveniently replaced. When the distance between the isolation strip seat 143 and the shaft head negative pressure cover 141 is lengthened, the flexible isolation strip 144 can better contact the surface of the aviation composite material, so as to ensure the sealing of the internal space of the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 and the formation of a high negative pressure environment.

[0056] In some embodiments of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool dust removal system of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The dust collection box 16 is arranged at one end of the cross beam 4 of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool. On the one hand, the distance between the vacuum generator 11 and the dust collection box 16 is reduced, and the resistance of the dust-containing gas conveying is reduced. On the other hand, when the cross beam moves in the X direction, the dust collection box 16 can move together with the cross beam. The high-pressure dust conveying pipeline 15 connected between the exhaust port 113 and the dust collection box 16 passes through the chain belt 7 connected between the Z-direction sliding table 32 and the cross beam 4, and is connected to the dust collection box 16. The movement amount of the high-pressure dust conveying pipeline 15 during the operation of the main shaft head 31 is reduced. The pulse filter bag dust removal device is arranged in the dust collection box 16. The pulse filter bag dust removal device can filter the dust-containing gas entering the dust collection box 16 through the dust removal bag, intercept and collect the dust therein, and discharge the filtered gas into the air. When there is a large amount of dust adhered to the dust removal bag, the pulse blowing valve can blow air into the dust removal bag to perform backflushing and cleaning of the dust removal bag, shake off the dust adhered to the dust removal bag, and restore the filtering capacity of the dust removal bag.

[0057] In some embodiments of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool dust removal system of the present application, as shown inFigure 7 As shown in the drawings, the environment dust collection pipe 21 connected between the dust collection pipe 24 and the bed body has multiple pipes, multiple connection ports are arranged at different positions around the bed body, the distance between adjacent connection ports is set to 1000-1200mm, each environment dust collection pipe 21 is connected to a different connection port on the bed body, so that a relatively uniform air flow is formed at different positions in the bed body, the dust collection effect at different positions in the bed body is maintained, and a gas flow dead angle is prevented in the bed body.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the dust removal system of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool in the present application, as shown in the drawings, Figure 7 The connection port on the bed body connected to the environment dust collection pipe 21 is a square port with a size of about 200*200mm, and multiple connection ports are horizontally arranged at a position 200-400mm above the worktable of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool, so that the air in the bed body is collected at a position 200-400mm above the worktable and flows out, forming a relatively strong outflow air flow above the worktable. When the machining chips formed by the spindle head 31 fall to the worktable, the air flow washes the machining chips and removes the dust mixed in the machining chips, preventing the dust from being discharged together with the machining chips and causing pollution.

[0059] In some embodiments of the dust removal system of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool in the present application, a dust bin for storing separated and collected dust is arranged at the bottom of the dust collection box 16, and the dust collection pipe 22 of the dust collection box is connected to the bottom of the dust bin of the dust collection box 16 through the chain belt 7 connecting the bed body and the cross beam 4. Among them, the part of the dust collection pipe 22 of the dust collection box connecting the dust collection pipe 24 and the chain belt 7 joint of the bed body can use a hard pipe, and the part of the dust collection pipe 22 of the dust collection box arranged in the chain belt 7 uses a soft pipe.

[0060] An embodiment of the dust removal method of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool in the present application uses the dust removal system of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool in any embodiment of the present application for dust removal, as shown in the drawings, Figure 8 The method of the present application includes the following steps:

[0061] The pressure source is opened, and the compressed air provided by the pressure source with a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is delivered to the air inlet 111 of the vacuum generator 11, and the high-speed airflow generated by the compressed air generates a high negative pressure of 50 KPa or more at the vacuum port 112 of the vacuum generator 11, and the negative pressure is transmitted to the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 through the pipeline, the rotating switching structure 12 and the dust collection hose 13, and a high negative pressure of 40 KPa or more is formed in the shaft head negative pressure structure 14, a high-speed high-pressure dust collection airflow is formed from the gap between the aviation composite material and the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 to the vacuum port 112, and the dust generated by the machining tool installed on the main shaft head 31 is sucked away. Since the negative pressure generated by the vacuum generator 11 is higher, it can better suck away the dust of aviation composite material with large mass and high kinetic energy, and at the same time, since the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 can more restrict the dust in the smaller space inside the shaft head negative pressure structure 14, it is more convenient to suck away the dust. The gas containing dust is discharged through the exhaust port 113 of the vacuum generator 11, delivered to the dust collection tank 16 through the high-pressure dust conveying pipeline 15, and the dust in the airflow is separated from the gas in the dust collection tank 16, and the dust is collected in the dust collection tank 16, and the gas after the dust is separated is discharged into the air.

[0062] The air exhaust mechanism 23 is opened, and the air exhaust mechanism 23 generates an air pressure of 1.8 KPa or more, and the air in the bed body is sucked out through the dust collection pipeline 24 and the environment dust collection pipeline 21, and a negative pressure of 1-3 KPa is formed in the bed body, and a whole negative pressure environment is formed in the bed body to prevent the dust in the bed body from escaping. At the same time, the air exhaust mechanism 23 generates an air volume of up to 20000 m2 / h, and a large flow of dust collection airflow is generated in the bed body, further sucking away a small amount of dust escaping from the shaft head negative pressure structure 14 to the bed body, and further improving the overall suction effect of the dust collection system. At the same time, the dust collected in the dust collection tank 16 is sucked out by the dust collection tank dust collection pipeline 22 connected between the dust collection pipeline 24 and the dust collection tank 16, and the dust in the dust collection tank 16 is automatically removed.

[0063] The five-axis aviation composite material machining tool of the present application also has the advantages of the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool dust removal system of the present application because it uses the five-axis aviation composite material machining tool dust removal system of any embodiment of the present application.

[0064] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "a specific embodiment", "a preferred embodiment" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0065] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so that: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system, characterized in that: The application relates to a five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool, which comprises a shaft head dust removal module (1) and a machining environment dust removal module (2); the shaft head dust removal module (1) comprises a pressure gas source, a vacuum generator (11), a rotary switching structure (12), a dust suction hose (13), a shaft head negative pressure structure (14) and a dust collecting box (16); the pressure gas source is connected with an air inlet (111) of the vacuum generator (11); a vacuum port (112) of the vacuum generator (11) is connected with the rotary switching structure (12); the rotary switching structure (12) is connected with the shaft head negative pressure structure (14) through the dust suction hose (13); the shaft head negative pressure structure (14) is arranged around a main shaft head (31) of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool and can form a high negative pressure state around the main shaft head (31); an air outlet (113) of the vacuum generator (11) is connected with the dust collecting box (16); the machining environment dust removal module (2) comprises an environment dust suction pipe (21), a dust collecting box dust suction pipe (22) and an exhaust mechanism (23); one end of the environment dust suction pipe (21) is connected into two sides of a bed body of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool, the other end is connected with the exhaust mechanism (23), a curtain (6) is arranged on both sides of a cross beam (4) at the top of the bed body, one end of the curtain (6) can move with the cross beam (4) to form isolation between inner and outer spaces of the top of the bed body, so that a large range of negative pressure environment can be formed in the whole bed body; one end of the dust collecting box dust suction pipe (22) is connected with the dust collecting box (16), and the other end is connected with the exhaust mechanism (23). The vacuum generator (11) is arranged on a Z-direction sliding table (32) of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool; the rotary switching structure (12) is arranged between a C-axis movement arm (33) of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool and the Z-direction sliding table (32); and the dust collecting box (16) is arranged at one end of a cross beam (4) of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool.

2. The five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system of claim 1, wherein: The rotary switching structure (12) comprises a Z-direction sliding table connecting piece (121) and a C-axis movement arm connecting piece (122); the C-axis movement arm connecting piece (122) is rotationally connected with the Z-direction sliding table connecting piece (121) and forms a sealed connecting cavity between the Z-direction sliding table connecting piece (121) and the C-axis movement arm connecting piece (122); the Z-direction sliding table connecting piece (121) is provided with a vacuum generator connecting port (123) connected with the sealed connecting cavity; the Z-direction sliding table connecting piece (121) is fixed on the Z-direction sliding table (32) and connected with the vacuum port (112) through the vacuum generator connecting port (123); the C-axis movement arm connecting piece (122) is provided with a shaft head negative pressure structure connecting port (124) connected with the sealed connecting cavity; and the C-axis movement arm connecting piece (122) is fixed on the C-axis movement arm (33) and connected with the dust suction hose (13) through the shaft head negative pressure structure connecting port (124).

3. The five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system of claim 2, wherein: The shaft head negative pressure structure (14) comprises a shaft head negative pressure cover (141), an accordion cover (142), a partition strip seat (143), a flexible partition strip (144) and a distance adjusting device (145), the shaft head negative pressure cover (141) is fixed at one end of an A-axis moving arm (34) of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool, a negative pressure cover hose interface (146) is arranged on the shaft head negative pressure cover (141) and connected with the dust suction hose (13) through the negative pressure cover hose interface (146), the accordion cover (142) is connected between the shaft head negative pressure cover (141) and the partition strip seat (143), the flexible partition strip (144) is arranged on the partition strip seat (143), and the distance adjusting device (145) is connected with the shaft head negative pressure cover (141) and the partition strip seat (143) to adjust the distance between the partition strip seat (143) and the shaft head negative pressure cover (141).

4. The five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system of claim 1, wherein: The dust collection box (16) is provided with a pulse filter bag dust removal device.

5. The five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system of any of claims 1-4, wherein: The environment dust suction pipe (21) has a plurality of environment dust suction pipes (21) connected to the connecting ports at different positions of the periphery of the bed body, and the distance between adjacent connecting ports is 1000-1200mm.

6. The five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system of claim 5, wherein: The connecting port of the environment dust suction pipe (21) and the bed body is arranged 200-400mm above the workbench of the five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool.

7. The five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool dust extraction system of any of claims 1-4, wherein: The dust collection box dust suction pipe (22) is connected to the bottom of the dust bin of the dust collection box (16).

8. A dust extraction method for a five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool, characterised in that: The five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system according to any one of claims 1-7 is used for dust removal, comprising the following steps: The pressure source is opened, 0.6-0.8MPa compressed air is delivered to the air inlet (111) of the vacuum generator (11), so that a negative pressure of 40KPa or more is formed in the shaft head negative pressure structure (14), the shaft head machining dust is sucked and removed, and the dust-containing gas is delivered to the dust collection box (16) for separation and collection; The exhaust mechanism (23) is opened, a negative pressure of 1-3KPa is formed in the bed body, the dust in the bed body is sucked and removed, and the dust in the dust collection box (16) is sucked out.

9. A five-axis aerospace composite machining machine tool, characterized by: The five-axis aviation composite material machining machine tool dust removal system according to any one of claims 1-7 is used for dust removal.

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