A method, storage medium and system for extending the bandwidth and sensitivity of microwave measurements

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of methods for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, comprising the steps of: constructing Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor;Signal microwave and local microwave are radiated to rubidium atom vapor cell to realize interference, and the beat frequency signal formed by interference is measured by Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor;The measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of the microwave electric field to be measured are improved by auxiliary microwave electric field.The present application also provides a kind of storage medium and a kind of system for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, using the method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, storage medium and system described in the present application solve the problem that microwave electric field frequency is limited by Rydberg discrete level, higher measurement sensitivity can also be realized in the extended linear response interval.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of microwave measurement, and particularly relates to a method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, a storage medium and a system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Precise measurement of microwave electric field intensity has important applications in radar, communication, remote sensing, non-destructive detection and the like. In recent years, quantum sensors based on atoms have developed rapidly, and people have realized higher precision and sensitivity compared with traditional measurement by utilizing the quantum characteristics of atoms. Among them, microwave electric field sensors based on Rydberg atoms have unique advantages such as full-waveband, traceability to fundamental physical constants, self-calibration, all-optical reading without electronic dark current noise interference, etc. compared with traditional electronic measurement methods, and have attracted widespread attention and research.

[0003] Although people can exhibit electric field measurement in the range of several hundred MHz to THz by selecting Rydberg states with different principal quantum numbers n, due to the discrete nature of Rydberg atomic energy levels, and when the microwave frequency is far from the resonance transition frequency between Rydberg energy levels, the measurement sensitivity will decrease rapidly, so in fact the bandwidth covered by each Rydberg energy level is only about 10 MHz, and the Rydberg energy levels with different principal quantum numbers n are separated by several hundred MHz, so even if a large-power laser system with a wide range of tunable wavelength is realized, it cannot completely compensate for the frequency range corresponding to the separation of Rydberg energy levels with different principal quantum numbers n.

[0004] At present, researchers' efforts to expand the bandwidth of Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensors mainly focus on using various energy level splitting effects caused by the addition of external fields to make the microwave frequency resonate with the split energy levels. There are methods of controlling atomic energy levels by static magnetic field and static electric field, but applying static electric field or static magnetic field to the system will change all atomic energy levels, which will undoubtedly cause great trouble to theory and experiment. In 2021, people proposed a method of controlling atomic energy levels by auxiliary microwave field, which demonstrated the measurement of microwave frequency interval between adjacent principal quantum numbers n using auxiliary microwave field and Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency-Autler-Townes splitting spectrum. In 2022, people proposed a method of introducing a local microwave field (LO field) with a frequency close to that of the signal microwave field (SIG field) by non-resonant heterodyne technology. The two form a mixer, which can realize high-sensitivity measurement in the non-resonant region close to the SIG field, and will not affect the atomic energy levels. This method can cover a very wide frequency range of 0-20GHz, but when the microwave frequency is detuned from the resonance transition frequency of the atomic energy level, the system changes from linear response to nonlinear response. Due to the limitation of non-resonant second-order Stark effect, the sensitivity when detuned is 20dB lower than that when resonated, and the sensitivity in the non-resonant region is far from the degree of the resonant region. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, and a storage medium and a system, which can achieve higher measurement sensitivity in an expanded linear response interval.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, comprising the steps of: constructing a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor; radiating signal microwaves and local microwaves into a rubidium atom vapor cell to realize interference, and measuring the beat frequency signal formed by the interference through the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor; and improving the measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of the to-be-measured microwave electric field through an auxiliary microwave electric field.

[0007] Further, the auxiliary microwave electric field can adjust the position of the target Rydberg energy level, and the energy level system is a Rydberg five-energy level model under the auxiliary microwave decoration, wherein the 3, 4, and 5 energy levels are Rydberg energy levels with a larger main quantum number n.

[0008] Further, the electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) quantum interference effect is realized by using the transition from the 1 energy level to the 2 energy level in resonance with the frequency of the probe light and the transition from the 2 energy level to the 3 energy level in resonance with the frequency of the coupling light.

[0009] Further, the auxiliary microwave field in resonance with the transition from the 5 energy level to the 4 energy level is introduced, and the electric field strength and frequency of the auxiliary field are selected to adjust the change of the 4 energy level, so as to achieve the effect of making the detuned to-be-measured microwave field re-resonate with the target Rydberg energy level transition.

[0010] Further, in the Rydberg five-energy level model, the 1 energy level is 5S 1 / 2 , the 2 energy level is 5P 3 / 2 , the 3 energy level is 61D 5 / 2 , the 4 energy level is 62P 3 / 2 , and the 5 energy level is 62P 3 / 2 .

[0011] Further, after the action of the auxiliary microwave electric field, the detuned microwave field re-resonates with the target Rydberg energy level transition, and the response to the to-be-measured microwave electric field reverts from the non-sensitive nonlinear relationship to the sensitive linear relationship.

[0012] Further, the signal microwaves and the local microwaves are radiated into the rubidium atom vapor cell through two microwave antennas respectively, wherein the polarization of the local microwaves is linear polarization and is constant.

[0013] Further, the microwave antenna is a rectangular horn antenna.

[0014] The present application provides a storage medium, characterized in that:

[0015] The storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity when running.

[0016] The application further provides a system for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, comprising: a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor construction module, which is used for constructing a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor to measure a beat frequency signal; a beat frequency module, which is used for radiating a signal microwave and a local microwave into a rubidium atom cell to realize interference, and measuring a beat frequency signal formed by the interference through the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor; and an auxiliary microwave module, which is used for improving the measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of a to-be-measured microwave electric field through an auxiliary microwave electric field.

[0017] The application has the effect that: by regulating Rydberg atom energy levels through an auxiliary microwave field, the energy levels decorated by the auxiliary microwave electric field can be made to resonate with the to-be-measured microwave field again, that is, the response of the system to the to-be-measured microwave electric field changes from the insensitive second-order nonlinear interaction to the sensitive first-order linear interaction, which will help to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Moreover, the linear response interval of a Rydberg energy level transition can be increased by at least a hundred MHz, which basically covers the interval between adjacent Rydberg energy levels, thereby solving the problem that the microwave electric field frequency is limited by Rydberg discrete energy levels, and higher measurement sensitivity can be realized in the expanded linear response interval. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A step flowchart of the method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of the application;

[0019] Figure 2 An experimental energy level schematic diagram;

[0020] Figure 3 An experimental device schematic diagram;

[0021] Figure 4 EIT-AT split spectrum schematic diagrams of local microwave fields generated before and after decoration by an auxiliary microwave electric field;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the influence of the auxiliary microwave electric field on the beat frequency signal output by a mixer under the heterodyne method;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the relationship between the beat frequency signal amplitude and the to-be-measured microwave electric field intensity at resonance points and detuning points under the heterodyne method before and after the intervention of the auxiliary microwave field;

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the relationship between the measurement microwave power sensitivity and the microwave detuning amount under the non-resonant heterodyne method before and after the intervention of the auxiliary microwave field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] As Figures 1-3 shown, the application provides a method for expanding microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, which comprises the steps of:

[0027] S1, constructing a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor;

[0028] Specifically, using 87 Rb atom, the Rydberg atom involved is composed of four energy levels, which are 5S 1 / 2 (F=2), 5P 3 / 2 (F=3), 61D 5 / 2 (F=4), 62P 3 / 2 (F=3), but not limited to these specific atomic energy levels. Among them, 780nm laser (probe light) acts on the transition of 5S 1 / 2 (F=2)→5P 3 / 2 (F=3), 480nm laser (coupling light) acts on the transition of 5P 3 / 2 (F=3)→61D 5 / 2 (F=4), 9.2GHz microwave acts on the transition of 61D 5 / 2 (F=4)→62P 3 / 2 (F=3). The 780nm laser (probe light) and the 480nm laser (coupling light) are propagated in opposite directions in the rubidium atomic vapor cell to form the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the Rydberg atom. At this time, after applying a microwave electric field, the EIT will undergo Autler-Townes splitting, and the change of the transmission rate of the probe light at the EIT resonance position can be used to measure the change of the microwave electric field intensity.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the parameters of the laser include: probe light power 60 microwatts, diameter in rubidium atomic vapor about 800 microns, coupling light power 50 milliwatts, diameter in rubidium atomic vapor about 900 microns.

[0030] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the intensity of the coupling light is sinusoidally modulated at 30kHz by an acousto-optic modulator, and the 30kHz modulation signal is sent to a lock-in amplifier as a reference signal, and then the lock-in amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the probe light. In the experiment, the frequency of the probe light is locked at the transition of 5S 1 / 2 (F=2)→5P 3 / 2 (F=3), and the frequency of the coupling light is locked at the transition of 5P 3 / 2 (F=3)→61D 5 / 2(F=4) transition. At this time, the intensity of the probe light will change when the microwave is applied to the rubidium atomic cell, and the intensity of the probe light is measured to obtain the intensity of the microwave electric field.

[0031] S2, signal microwave and local microwave are radiated to the rubidium atomic cell to realize interference, and the beat frequency signal formed by the interference is measured by the Rydberg atomic microwave electric field sensor;

[0032] Specifically, the signal microwave and the local microwave are radiated to the rubidium atomic cell by two microwave antennas respectively to realize interference in the rubidium atomic cell, and the beat frequency signal of the interference is measured by the Rydberg atomic microwave electric field sensor, that is, the beat frequency signal of the two microwave interferences is obtained by measuring the periodic sinusoidal change of the probe light intensity with time. The amplitude of the beat frequency signal is proportional to the intensity of the signal microwave electric field, so the intensity of the microwave electric field can be obtained by measuring the amplitude of the beat frequency signal.

[0033] As an example, a rectangular horn antenna is used to realize the transmission of the microwave electric field to the rubidium atomic cell, which can provide a very good linearly polarized microwave signal under far-field conditions. The beat frequency signal of the interference is measured by the Rydberg atomic microwave electric field sensor, that is, the periodic sinusoidal change of the probe light intensity with time is obtained, and the frequency of the beat frequency is equal to the frequency difference Δ MW When the amplitude E LO of the local microwave electric field is much larger than the amplitude E SIG of the signal microwave electric field, the intensity T p of the probe light is related to the amplitude of the signal microwave electric field as follows:

[0034] T p ∝E LO +E SIG sin(Δ MW t)

[0035] It can be understood that in the embodiment, only the change of the amplitude is concerned, and therefore the phase information of the local microwave electric field and the signal microwave electric field is ignored.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the frequency difference of the two microwave electric fields, i.e. the frequency difference of the signal microwave and the local microwave electric field, is 1 kHz, the amplitude E LO of the local microwave electric field is 6.43 mV / cm, and the amplitude E SIG=1.73mV / cm, with a gain of 10dB for both antennas. The strong field power can be adjusted to regulate the peak-to-peak value of the transmitted light intensity caused by the beat frequency signal in the absence of a magnetic field. This can be adjusted according to actual measurement requirements, aiming to produce a clear 1kHz beat frequency signal in the light intensity after the probe light passes through the rubidium cell. In actual operation, the frequency difference between the two microwave electric fields can reach 100kHz, mainly limited by the 100kHz bandwidth of the lock-in amplifier used in the experiment.

[0037] S3, by using an auxiliary microwave electric field to improve the measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of the microwave electric field under test;

[0038] Specifically, the auxiliary microwave electric field can tune the position of the target Rydberg level: such as Figure 2 As shown, the energy level system in this embodiment is a Rydberg five-level model with auxiliary microwave embellishment, where levels 3, 4, and 5 are Rydberg levels with larger principal quantum numbers n. This is achieved by utilizing the probe light frequency ω... p The resonant transition from level 1 to level 2, and its relationship with the coupling light frequency ω. c The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) quantum interference effect is achieved through a resonant transition from energy level 2 to 3. This part represents a typical step-type three-level model for realizing EIT. Furthermore, the frequency ω is added to resonate with the transition from energy level 4 to 3. t The signal field to be measured, when the intensity E of this microwave field... MW When sufficiently large, a symmetrical Autler-Townes split can be observed on the basis of the EIT signal, and the spectral split width Δf produced at resonance is... MW Rabi frequency Ω of the microwave field MW Positive correlation. Traditional methods for measuring the intensity of a microwave electric field using EIT-AT splitting require the frequency of the measured field to resonate with the transition frequency of the target Rydberg level. When the frequency of the measured field is detuned to the atomic resonance transition frequency, the EIT-AT splitting becomes asymmetric, and Δf... MW With Ω MW The relationship is no longer linear, and the sensitivity of measuring microwave electric field intensity using beat frequency signals will decrease significantly. In the case of detuning, a frequency ω is introduced that resonates with the transition from level 5 to level 4. t The auxiliary microwave field, by selecting the electric field strength and frequency of the auxiliary field, can be used to control the changes in the four energy levels, thereby achieving the effect of re-resonating the detuned microwave field under test with the target Rydberg energy level transition, and thus increasing the amplitude of the beat frequency signal.

[0039] In this embodiment, level 1 is 5S. 1 / 2 The second energy level is 5P. 3 / 2 The third energy level is 61D. 5 / 2 The fourth energy level is 62P. 3 / 2The fifth energy level is 62P. 3 / 2 .

[0040] To illustrate, consider a specific example, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the EIT spectrum without any applied microwave electric field was first measured, revealing a narrow electromagnetic induction transparency peak. The frequency of the microwave electric field to be measured was then set to the same as the transition frequency of the Rydberg atomic levels 3 and 4, allowing for the measurement of the EIT-AT splitting at resonance. This showed that the double peaks of the EIT-AT splitting induced by the microwave electric field at resonance are symmetrical. Next, the frequency of the microwave electric field to be measured was set to differ from the transition frequencies of Rydberg atomic energy levels 3 and 4 by 14.6 MHz, referred to as detuning at 14.6 MHz. The EIT-AT splitting at this time was then measured, showing that the double peaks of the EIT-AT splitting caused by the microwave electric field under detuning are asymmetrical. Furthermore, it shows that as the amount of detuning increases, although the interval between the double peaks increases, the asymmetry also increases. That is, the interval of the EIT-AT splitting under detuning is no longer linearly related to the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured. Specifically, the intensity of the peaks closer to the resonance frequency of the atomic energy level transitions becomes stronger and stronger, while the intensity of the peaks farther from the resonance becomes weaker and weaker until they disappear. This means that under far-detuning, the microwave electric field does not interact with the Rydberg atom.

[0041] When the measured microwave electric field is detuned to the atomic resonance transition frequency by 14.6 MHz, adding an auxiliary microwave electric field and adjusting its intensity can restore the asymmetric EIT-AT splitting double peaks to symmetry. The splitting interval differs from that at resonance because the auxiliary microwave electric field not only alters the positions of the Rydberg atomic energy levels (the newly tuned levels are called adorned levels) but also changes the size of the transition matrix elements between these adorned levels. Therefore, the EIT-AT splitting interval differs under the same measured microwave electric field intensity. However, after the auxiliary microwave electric field is applied, the detuned microwave field re-resonates with the target Rydberg level transition, and the system's response to the measured microwave electric field returns from an insensitive nonlinearity to a sensitive linear relationship.

[0042] It is understandable that in this part of the experimental demonstration, the frequency of the coupling light was not changed, nor was the frequency scanning range of the probe light changed. This means that it was successful to use the auxiliary microwave electric field to only control the position of the target Rydberg level.

[0043] like Figure 5As shown, when the microwave electric field under test resonates with the atomic transition, a local microwave electric field is introduced to obtain the beat frequency signal at this point. Then, the frequency of the microwave electric field under test is changed from resonance to detuning -16MHz. Under the same experimental conditions, the amplitude of the beat frequency signal decreases sharply. Finally, after adding an auxiliary microwave electric field, the amplitude of the beat frequency signal increases again. This indicates that the auxiliary microwave electric field increases the amplitude of the beat frequency signal output by the mixer when the microwave electric field under test is detuned, providing a fundamental guarantee for improving the bandwidth and sensitivity of the detector.

[0044] like Figure 6 As shown, the amplitude of the beat frequency signal output by the mixer is recorded by changing the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured. The measurement sensitivity of the microwave electric field is compared under three conditions: resonance of the microwave electric field to be measured (detuning = 0), detuning = -22MHz, and detuning = -22MHz under the action of an auxiliary microwave electric field. At the resonance point, the amplitude of the beat frequency signal using the ordinary heterodyne method varies with the intensity of the microwave electric field being measured, with the minimum measurable electric field intensity being 18 μV / cm. |Δ LO At the -22MHz detuning point, the amplitude of the beat frequency signal in the ordinary heterodyne method varies with the intensity of the microwave electric field to be measured, and the minimum measurable electric field intensity is 180μV / cm. At the detuning point, the amplitude of the beat frequency signal in the heterodyne method with auxiliary field intervention varies with the intensity of the microwave electric field being measured, with a minimum measurable electric field intensity of 18 μV / cm. The heterodyne method with auxiliary field intervention can basically reach the measurement limit at resonance.

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, under different detuning conditions of the microwave electric field to be measured, the improvement of the measurement sensitivity of the auxiliary microwave electric field in the range of -100MHz to 0MHz was studied by optimizing the intensity of the auxiliary microwave electric field. Figure 7 As shown, the square dotted line represents the minimum measurement limit and detuning amount without the intervention of an auxiliary field. The relationship curve. The dotted line represents the minimum measurement limit and detuning amount under the condition of optimal matching auxiliary field intervention. The relationship curve of the measured microwave power and the frequency of the microwave electric field is shown in Fig. 6. In the whole detuning range, the auxiliary field can basically realize better measurement sensitivity, which is reflected in that it has a smaller measurement limit. Therefore, it can be concluded from the experimental results that when the auxiliary field exists, the measurement of the minimum microwave power is greatly improved in the frequency detuning range of 0 to -100 MHz, and the maximum can be increased by 20 dB (100 times). The electric field strength is proportional to the arithmetic square root of the power, that is, the electric field strength can be increased by about 10 times the measurement sensitivity. It is verified that the above method can increase the linear response range of a Rydberg energy level transition by at least 100 MHz, which basically covers the interval between adjacent Rydberg energy levels, solves the problem that the frequency of the microwave electric field is limited by the discrete Rydberg energy levels, and realizes higher measurement sensitivity in the expanded linear response range.

[0046] The application further provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method for expanding the microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity.

[0047] It should be noted that the storage medium shown in the present application can be a computer readable signal medium or a storage medium, or any combination of the two. The storage medium may, for example, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, system or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of the storage medium can include, but are not limited to, an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present application, the storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, system or device. In the present application, the storage medium can include a data signal propagating in a baseband or as a carrier wave in a carrier wave portion, which carries computer-readable program code. Such a propagated data signal can take various forms, including but not limited to an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any suitable combination thereof. The storage medium can also be any computer readable medium other than the storage medium, which can send, propagate or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, system or device. The program code contained on the computer readable medium can be transmitted by any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0048] The application further provides a system for expanding the microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity, comprising:

[0049] A Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor construction module is configured to construct a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor to measure a beat frequency signal.

[0050] A microwave adjustment module is configured to generate a local microwave with constant phase and a signal microwave with adjustable polarization direction, and radiate the local microwave and the signal microwave into a rubidium atom cell to realize interference.

[0051] A conversion module is configured to convert the measurement of the microwave polarization into the measurement of the beat frequency amplitude.

[0052] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the Rydberg atom energy level can be regulated by an auxiliary microwave field, and the energy level decorated by the auxiliary microwave electric field can be resonated with the microwave field to be measured, that is, the response of the system to the microwave field to be measured is changed from the non-sensitive second-order nonlinear interaction to the sensitive first-order linear interaction, which will help to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Moreover, the linear response interval of a Rydberg energy level transition can be increased by at least a hundred MHz, which basically covers the interval between adjacent Rydberg energy levels, thereby solving the problem that the microwave electric field frequency is limited by the Rydberg discrete energy level, and higher measurement sensitivity can be achieved in the extended linear response interval.

[0053] The method and system described in the present application are not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and other embodiments can be derived by those skilled in the art according to the technical solutions of the present application, which also belong to the technical innovation range of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of extending the bandwidth and sensitivity of microwave measurements, characterized by, The method is used for measuring a microwave electric field intensity to be measured, and comprises the steps of: constructing a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor; radiating signal microwaves and local microwaves into a rubidium atom vapor cell to realize interference, and measuring beat frequency signals formed by the interference through the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor; The auxiliary microwave electric field improves the measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of the microwave electric field to be measured, and the auxiliary microwave electric field adjusts the position of the target Rydberg energy level. By adjusting the electric field intensity and frequency of the auxiliary field, the change of the energy level is adjusted, so that the detuned microwave electric field re-resonates with the target Rydberg energy level transition. The energy level system is a Rydberg five-level model under the auxiliary microwave decoration. By introducing an auxiliary microwave field resonant with the transition from the 5-level to the 4-level, the electric field intensity and frequency of the auxiliary field are selected to adjust the change of the 4-level, so that the detuned microwave field re-resonates with the target Rydberg energy level transition.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 3, 4, and 5 levels are Rydberg levels with a large principal quantum number n.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the 1 to 2 transition is resonant with the probe light frequency, and the 2 to 3 transition is resonant with the coupling light frequency to realize the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) quantum interference effect.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the 1 to 2 transition is resonant with the probe light frequency, and the 2 to 3 transition is resonant with the coupling light frequency to realize the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) quantum interference effect.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary microwave electric field re-resonates the detuned microwave field with the target Rydberg energy level transition, and the response of the microwave electric field to be measured reverts from a non-linear relationship to a linear relationship. The signal microwaves and the local microwaves are radiated into the rubidium atom vapor cell through two microwave antennas respectively, wherein the polarization of the local microwaves is linear polarization and constant. In the Rydberg five-level model, the 1st level is 5S 1 / 2 , the 2nd level is 5P 3 / 2 , the 3rd level is 61D 5 / 2 , the 4th level is 62P 3 / 2 , and the 5th level is 62P 3 / 2 . The microwave antenna is a rectangular horn antenna.

8. A storage medium, comprising a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the method of expanding the microwave measurement bandwidth and sensitivity according to any one of claims 1-7 when running.

6. The method of extending the bandwidth and sensitivity of microwave measurements of claim 1, wherein : The system is used for measuring a microwave electric field intensity to be measured, and comprises:

7. A method of extending the bandwidth and sensitivity of microwave measurements as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that : a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor construction module, configured to construct a Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor to measure beat frequency signals; a beat frequency module, configured to radiate signal microwaves and local microwaves into a rubidium atom vapor cell to realize interference, and measure beat frequency signals formed by the interference through the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor; ​ 9. A system for extending the bandwidth and sensitivity of microwave measurements, characterized by, ​ ​ ​ The auxiliary microwave module is used for improving the measurement bandwidth and sensitivity of the to-be-measured microwave electric field through an auxiliary microwave electric field, the auxiliary microwave electric field regulates the position of a target Rydberg energy level, the change of the energy level is regulated by regulating the electric field intensity and frequency of the auxiliary field, so that the effect of making the detuned to-be-measured microwave electric field re-resonate with the target Rydberg energy level transition is achieved, and the energy level system is a Rydberg five-energy level model under the auxiliary microwave decoration; the auxiliary microwave field is used for resonating with the transition from the 5-energy level to the 4-energy level, the electric field intensity and frequency of the auxiliary field are selected to regulate the change of the 4-energy level, so that the effect of making the detuned to-be-measured microwave field re-resonate with the target Rydberg energy level transition is achieved.

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