A method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite, which includes: horizontally fixing a measuring seat plate, inserting a theodolite equipped with a positioning rod and a standard rod with elastic positioning into the measuring holes of the measuring seat plate from left to right in sequence, placing a depth vernier caliper below the axis of the measuring hole on the right side of the standard rod, aiming the theodolite at the detection line of the standard rod, and when the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located at the detection line of the depth vernier caliper, measuring and recording the reading B1 of the depth vernier caliper; inserting the theodolite equipped with a positioning rod and the standard rod with elastic positioning into the measuring holes of the measuring seat plate from right to left in sequence, placing the depth vernier caliper below the axis of the measuring hole on the left side of the standard rod, and measuring and recording the reading B2 of the depth vernier caliper; according to B1 and B2 and the hole pitch of the measuring seat plate, the actual eccentricity X and Y in this state can be calculated; adjusting the vernier block according to the actual eccentricity Y to complete the compensation. The present invention is intuitive and highly efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of precise measurement, and particularly to a method for calibrating and compensating the centering deviation of a theodolite. Background Art

[0002] At present, theodolites have been widely used in the fields of geodetic surveying, industrial surveying, etc. Theodolites mainly include optical theodolites, electronic theodolites, etc. Theodolites use the characteristics of the linearity and weightlessness of light for measurement, which is a non-contact measurement method. Therefore, in the measurement of large structural components, the measurement results are more accurate.

[0003] A theodolite with a standard deviation of 2" for one set of horizontal directions can meet the measurement accuracy requirements in most cases of industrial measurement.

[0004] In some products such as reflectors (see Figure 1 ), which are composed of a skeleton assembly 1, small support plates 2, vertical support plates 3, horizontal support plates 4, a reflection net 5, etc. During assembly, it is necessary to ensure the requirements of parallelism and equal spacing for dozens of groups of vertical support plates 3 and small support plates 2. The following measurement method can be adopted Figure 2 As shown in the figure: The connecting line between the standard rod detection line 11 (i.e., the axis of the standard rod positioning hole) and the measurement hole 9 on the measurement seat plate 8 is on the same straight line. The hole pitch of the measurement hole 9 on the measurement seat plate 8 is the same as the corresponding dimension of the product (in Figure 1 , it is the same as the spacing between the corresponding vertical support plates 3 and small support plates 2. The vertical support plates 3 are installed on the small support plates 2 with rivets, see the A - A section); when a certain group of small support plates 2 and a certain vertical support plate 3 need to be installed, insert the theodolite 10 into the corresponding measurement hole 9, after aligning the standard rod detection line 11, rotate the alidade of the theodolite 10 counterclockwise by 90°, and then the assembly, adjustment, and measurement of this group of small support plates 2 and this vertical support plate 3 can be carried out.

[0005] The prerequisite for this measurement method is that the vertical axis of the theodolite is coaxial with the axis of the measurement hole.

[0006] However, since optical theodolites, electronic theodolites, etc. sold on the market currently do not have an interface coaxial with the vertical axis on the base of the theodolite, then, when this kind of theodolite is installed into Figure 2 different detection holes, aiming at the standard rod detection line, after rotating the horizontal angle of the alidade by 90°, it cannot ensure that the positions of each group are parallel to each other, nor can it determine how much the parallelism difference of the positions of each group is.

[0007] In the prior art, when the specific eccentricity of the vertical axis of the theodolite is unknown, a dual - electronic - theodolite measurement system is usually used for measurement, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure. The dual electronic theodolite measurement system mainly consists of a computer 20, two electronic theodolites 14, two displays 18, a multi-channel interface controller 21, a reference scale 17 (a high-precision carbon fiber distance scale), application software, and tooling such as a product mounting base 16, an electronic theodolite support 15, and an operating platform 19.

[0008] When detecting the dual electronic theodolite measurement system, the positions of the theodolites are fixed. The two theodolites form two intersecting light paths like a person's two eyes, and the intersection point is the point to be measured. The electronic theodolite 14 can measure the horizontal angle and pitch angle of its respective light path; the application software uses the above conditions and the length of the reference scale 17 to perform geometric calculations of points, lines, and planes, and then the coordinates of each detection point 13 can be calculated. The detection process is as follows:

[0009] 1. The two electronic theodolites first aim at each other, and then measure the reference points at both ends of the reference scale to calculate the vertical axis positions of the two electronic theodolites;

[0010] 2. Measure the reference points on the workpiece, calculate and establish the product coordinate system;

[0011] 3. The two electronic theodolites perform point-by-point aiming detection on the detection points on the product.

[0012] For a plane or edge parallel to a certain coordinate axis in the product, when detecting, it is necessary to detect each point on the plane or edge one by one, and then determine the geometric relationship according to the coordinates of each point calculated by the computer, rather than directly observing to judge whether the geometric elements in the product are parallel to the coordinate axis.

[0013] Take the Figure 1 small support plates in as an example. The positions of each group of small support plates are parallel to each other. When welding a certain group of small support plates, after adjusting to the required position, welding is carried out.

[0014] In the dual electronic theodolite measurement system, when adjusting a certain small support plate, if the position of its front end meets the requirements and the position of the rear end needs to be adjusted, during the process of adjusting the position of the rear end, the position of the front end often changes, so repeated measurement and adjustment are required. And the number of each group of small support plates is not less than 3, and each one needs to be repeatedly measured and adjusted. After meeting the requirements, welding is carried out.

[0015] According to the Figure 2 principle, by aiming the theodolite at the detection line of the standard rod and rotating 90°, under the monitoring of the theodolite, the positions of the front end and the rear end of each small support plate can be observed in real time, so as to visually adjust this group of small support plates. After meeting the requirements, welding is carried out.

[0016] In comparison, Figure 2 the method is intuitive and efficient in operation.

[0017] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new method for calibrating and compensating the centering deviation of a theodolite to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0018] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for calibrating and compensating the centering deviation of a theodolite, which is simple to operate, can effectively ensure the measurement of the eccentricity X and Y of the theodolite in a certain state, and can compensate for its eccentricity.

[0019] To solve the above technical problem, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a method for calibrating and compensating the centering deviation of a theodolite, including the following steps:

[0020] (1) Place the measuring base plate with several measuring holes on the square box assembly and the flat plate in sequence, adjust and keep it in a horizontal state, fasten the measuring base plate, the square box assembly and the flat plate, and install a vernier block at one end of the measuring base plate;

[0021] (2) Assemble the positioning rod with a positioning pin and the theodolite into a whole, and do not disassemble it during the measurement until the measurement is completed;

[0022] (3) Insert the theodolite equipped with the positioning rod and the standard rod with elastic positioning into the measuring holes of the measuring base plate from left to right in sequence. Place the depth vernier caliper below the axis of the measuring hole on the right side of the standard rod. Adjust the theodolite to be horizontal; after aiming at the detection line of the standard rod with the theodolite, lock the horizontal angle of the sighting part; adjust the extension length of the depth vernier caliper. When the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located on the detection line of the depth vernier caliper, measure and record the reading B1 of the depth vernier caliper;

[0023] (4) Insert the theodolite equipped with the positioning rod and the standard rod with elastic positioning into the measuring holes of the measuring base plate from right to left in sequence. Place the depth vernier caliper below the axis of the measuring hole on the left side of the standard rod. Adjust the theodolite to be horizontal; after aiming at the detection line of the standard rod with the theodolite, lock the horizontal angle of the sighting part; adjust the extension length of the depth vernier caliper. When the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located on the detection line of the depth vernier caliper, measure and record the reading B2 of the depth vernier caliper;

[0024] (5) According to the readings B1 and B2 of the depth vernier caliper obtained from the two measurements and the hole pitch of the measuring base plate, the actual eccentricity X and Y in this state can be calculated;

[0025] (6) According to the actual eccentricity Y, adjust the vernier block to make the detection line of the vernier block consistent with the Y value, and fasten the vernier block;

[0026] (7) During the measurement, insert the theodolite equipped with the positioning rod into the corresponding measuring hole, rotate the sighting part of the theodolite, aim at the detection line on the vernier block, and then rotate the sighting part 90°, then the position and assembly of the corresponding parallel assembly can be detected.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in steps (3), (4), and (7), ensure that the positioning pin on the positioning rod is inserted into the positioning hole on one side of the measuring hole.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (5), the method for calculating the actual eccentricity X and Y is based on the principle of similar triangles.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (6), making the cursor block detection line consistent with the Y value includes being consistent in both the magnitude and direction of the Y value.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in steps (3) and (4), when inserting the standard rod into the measuring hole of the measuring seat plate, align the indicating edge of the standard rod detection line with the scale line on the measuring seat plate.

[0031] Furthermore, the positioning outer circle at the lower part of the standard rod is grooved.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two calibrated theodolites are placed on the first measuring seat plate and the second measuring seat plate that are perpendicular to each other, and a level is used to form a measuring system for detecting the three-dimensional coordinates of spatial points. By performing calibration of the centering deviation and compensation of the theodolite in the X direction and the Y direction respectively, parts and components parallel to the X axis or / and the Y axis can be measured and assembled.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. The present invention simplifies the process of detecting and assembling parallel parts and components in the product, which is intuitive and highly efficient;

[0035] When using a double electronic theodolite measuring system for detection without knowing the specific eccentricity of the theodolite vertical axis, it is necessary to detect points one by one on the workpiece plane or edge, and then determine the geometric relationship based on the coordinates of each point calculated by the computer, rather than intuitively judging whether the part or component is parallel to the coordinate axis. Usually, it is difficult to place a part in place at one time. If the front-end position of the part meets the requirements, the rear-end position needs to be adjusted. During the process of adjusting the rear-end position, the front-end position often changes, so repeated measurement and adjustment are required. Moreover, for parts like small support plates, there are more than 3 parts in each group (each size). During assembly, at least 3 parts need to be repeatedly aimed at and measured and adjusted one by one to reach the correct position.

[0036] After calibrating the centering deviation of the theodolite and adjusting the vernier block in the present invention, it is only necessary to insert the theodolite equipped with the positioning rod into the corresponding measuring hole of the measuring seat plate, aim at the detection line on the vernier block, and then rotate the alidade by 90°, lock the horizontal angle, and the position of the corresponding parallel component can be detected. For example, for a group of three small support plates, the front and rear ends of each small support plate can be directly monitored and adjusted. For other small support plates in this group, it is only necessary to adjust the pitch angle of the theodolite, and the part can be monitored and adjusted after being observed;

[0037] Two optical theodolites and a level calibrated by the present invention can form a measuring system;

[0038] Two optical theodolites calibrated by the present invention are placed on two groups of measuring seat plates perpendicular to each other, and together with a level, a measuring system can be formed to detect the three-dimensional coordinates of spatial points.

[0039] When the detection hole distances of different products are different, the hole distance can also be adjusted by adding a transition plate on the measuring seat plate.

[0040] 3. The present invention has high reliability;

[0041] In the prior art, the dual electronic theodolite measuring system consists of hardware such as a computer, two electronic theodolites, two displays, and a multi-channel interface controller. They all include an electronic control part and also include application software;

[0042] The present invention consists of an optical theodolite and structural parts such as a measuring seat plate and a positioning rod, without an electronic control part and software, and its reliability is significantly higher than that of the dual electronic theodolite measuring system. Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the reflector;

[0044] Figure 2 is a measuring principle diagram of the theodolite rotating 90° in the prior art;

[0045] Figure 3 is a detection principle diagram of the dual electronic theodolite measuring system in the prior art;

[0046] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the measuring seat plate installed on the grooved flat plate;

[0047] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the theodolite equipped with a positioning rod;

[0048] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the standard rod;

[0049] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the first embodiment of the centering deviation of the calibration theodolite;

[0050] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reflector measurement system;

[0051] Figure 9 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the reference plate;

[0052] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second measurement seat plate installed on the grooved flat plate;

[0053] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the second embodiment of the centering deviation of the calibration theodolite;

[0054] Figure 12 It is a mathematical model diagram of the centering deviation of the calibration theodolite.

[0055] The markings of each component in the attached drawings are as follows: 1. Skeleton assembly, 2. Small support plate, 3. Vertical support plate, 4. Horizontal support plate, 5. Reflective net, 6. Emitter, 7. Tube, 8. Measurement seat plate, 9. Measurement hole, 10. Theodolite, 11. Standard rod detection line, 12. Product, 13. Detection point, 14. Electronic theodolite, 15. Electronic theodolite support, 16. Product mounting seat, 17. Reference scale, 18. Display, 19. Operation platform, 20. Computer, 21. Multichannel interface controller, 22. Positioning rod, 220. Elastic positioning ball head, 221. Positioning pin, 23. Standard rod, 24. Vernier block, 25. Depth vernier caliper (hereinafter referred to as depth gauge), 26. Grooved flat plate, 27. Square box, 28. Pressure plate assembly, 29. Vernier block, 30. Positioning hole, 31. Scratch line, 32. Depth gauge detection line, 33. Measurement reference, 34. Theodolite vertical axis, 35. Vernier block detection line, 36. First measurement seat plate, 37. Second measurement seat plate, 38. Level, 39. Reference plate. Specific embodiments

[0056] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the attached drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] Embodiment 1:

[0058] A method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Prepare: Measuring seat plate 8, positioning rod 22, standard rod 23 (with an elastic positioning part), vernier block 24 and depth vernier caliper 25 (hereinafter referred to as depth gauge), vernier caliper and other measuring tools; Combine Figure 5, the positioning rod 22 consists of parts such as an elastic positioning ball head 220 and a positioning pin 221. The positioning pin 221 can eliminate the error caused by the rotation angle during positioning. Combining Figure 6 , the interface between the standard rod 23 and the measuring seat plate 8 is changed to an elastic interface, that is, the positioning outer circle at the lower part is grooved to eliminate the positioning error caused by the gap. In this example, the measuring seat plate 8 is provided with three measuring holes 9, namely the left port O1, the middle hole O2, and the right end hole O3. A positioning hole is also opened on one side of each measuring hole 9.

[0060] Place the measuring seat plate 8 on the grooved flat plate 26 and the square box 27, adjust the level, and then fasten it to the grooved flat plate 26 with the pressing plate assembly 28, and install the vernier block 29, as Figure 4 shown.

[0061] (2) Assemble the theodolite 10 and the positioning rod 22 into an integral body, and do not disassemble it during the measurement until the measurement is completed;

[0062] (3) Insert the theodolite 10 equipped with the positioning rod 22 into the left end hole O1 of the measuring seat plate 8, pay attention to insert its positioning pin 221 into the positioning hole 30 on the measuring seat plate 8, and adjust the theodolite 10 to be horizontal; insert the standard rod 23 with elastic positioning into the middle hole O2, and align the indicating edge of its detection line 11 (such as Figure 6 the vertical connecting line between AB shown) with the scale line 31 on the measuring seat plate 8 to eliminate the error caused by the rotation angle during positioning; after aiming at the detection line 11 of the standard rod with the theodolite 10, lock the horizontal angle of the aiming part, so that the angle of the theodolite telescope eyepiece remains unchanged during this measurement, that is, ensure that the vertical axis of the theodolite, the axis of the standard rod, and the detection line 32 of the depth gauge are on a straight line; place the depth gauge 25 at the axis below the right end hole O3, as Figure 7 shown, make the depth gauge 25 close to the right side of the left measuring reference 33, ensure that the dimension of the depth gauge 25 in the X direction is a2, adjust the extending length of the depth gauge 25, and when the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located at the detection line of the depth vernier caliper 25, measure and record the reading B1 of the depth gauge 25;

[0063] (4) Insert the theodolite 10 equipped with the positioning rod 22 into the right end hole O3 of the measuring seat plate 8, pay attention to insert its positioning pin 221 into the positioning hole 30 on the measuring seat plate 8, adjust the theodolite 10 to be horizontal, and the standard rod 23 remains stationary in the middle hole O2. After aiming at the detection line 11 of the standard rod with the theodolite 10, lock the horizontal angle of the aiming part, and place the depth gauge 25 below the axis of the left end hole O1 according to the method in step (3), measure and record the reading B2 of the depth gauge 25;

[0064] (5) According to the readings of the depth gauge 25 obtained from the two measurements and the hole pitch of the measuring seat plate 8, the actual eccentricity X and Y in this state can be calculated;

[0065] (6) In this method, the theodolite 10 equipped with the positioning rod 22, since the positioning rod 22 has a positioning pin 221 that mates with the positioning hole 30 of the measuring seat plate 8, the components of the theodolite 10 in each measuring hole 9, the eccentricity X, Y and the position of the axis of the measuring hole 9 are unchanged. That is, the vertical axis 34 of the theodolite 10 is in the measuring hole 9 of the measuring seat plate 8, and the spacing in the X direction is consistent with the hole pitch of the measuring hole 9 on the measuring seat plate 8.

[0066] For example: the center coordinates of measuring hole 1 are (0, 0), the center coordinates of measuring hole 2 are (1000, 0), the eccentricity X = 1, Y = 2. Then, in measuring hole 1, the projection coordinates of the vertical axis of the theodolite assembly are (1, 2), and in measuring hole 2, the projection coordinates of the vertical axis of the theodolite assembly are (1001, 2). It can be seen that ΔX 测量孔1，2 = ΔX 竖轴1，2 = 1000.

[0067] From Figure 2 the above analysis, it can be known that the eccentricity X has no influence on the measurement, and the eccentricity Y affects the initial angle of the theodolite 10 measurement. Therefore, in the Y direction, the right-end cursor block 24 needs to be adjusted according to the actual eccentricity to make the cursor block detection line 35 consistent with the Y value, and then fasten the cursor block 24. The theodolite 10 aligns the cursor block detection line 35, and the vertical axis of it is connected with the cursor block detection line 35, that is, parallel to the X axis.

[0068] (7) During measurement, insert the theodolite 10 equipped with the positioning rod 22 into the corresponding measuring hole 9, insert the positioning pin 221 into the corresponding positioning hole 30 on the measuring seat plate 8, then rotate the sighting part of the theodolite 10 to aim at the detection line 35 on the cursor block 24, and finally rotate the sighting part by 90°, then the position of the corresponding parallel component can be detected.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] Refer to Figure 8 , a method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite, including the following steps:

[0071] (1) Use two calibrated theodolites 10, place them on the first measuring seat plate 36 and the second measuring seat plate 37 that are perpendicular to each other, and a level 38 to form a measuring system for detecting the three-dimensional coordinates of spatial points. In this example, assemble and detect the reflector 6, as Figure 8 shown. The first measuring seat plate 36 is in the X-axis direction, the second measuring seat plate 37 is in the Y-axis direction, and a reference plate 39 is provided at the origin O, as Figure 9 shown. A cursor block 24 is provided on the reference plate 39 in both the X-axis and Y-axis directions. The second measuring seat plate 37 is as Figure 10As shown, after processing, use a lever dial indicator on the gantry milling machine to measure 2650, and record the actual size. Measured values: a1 = 2649.98, a2 = 2650.01.

[0072] Place the second measuring seat plate 37 on the grooved flat plate 26 and the square box 27, and adjust it with wedge iron, level 38, invar tape, etc. to make the second measuring seat plate 37 horizontal. Then use the pressing plate assembly to fix the square box 27 and the second measuring seat plate 37 on the grooved flat plate 26, as Figure 10 shown;

[0073] (2) Assemble the theodolite 10 and the positioning rod 22 into an integral body, and do not disassemble it during the measurement process until the measurement is completed;

[0074] (3) Insert the theodolite 10 with the positioning rod 22 installed into the left-end hole of the second measuring seat plate 37. Note that its positioning pin 221 is inserted into the positioning hole 30 on the second measuring seat plate 37. Adjust the theodolite 10 to be horizontal, and insert the standard rod 23 with elastic positioning into the middle hole so that the indicating edge of its detection line 11 is aligned with the scale line 31; after aiming at the detection line 11 of the standard rod with the theodolite 10, lock the horizontal angle of the sighting part. Place the depth gauge 25 at the axis below the right-end hole, close to the right side of the left measuring reference 33, and adjust the extended length of the depth gauge 25. When the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located at the detection line of the depth vernier caliper 25, measure and record the reading B1 = 22.47 of the depth gauge 25, as Figure 11 shown;

[0075] (4) Insert the theodolite 10 with the positioning rod 22 installed into the right-end hole of the second measuring seat plate 37. Note that its positioning pin 221 is inserted into the positioning hole 30 on the second measuring seat plate 37. Adjust the theodolite 10 to be horizontal, and the standard rod 23 remains stationary in the middle hole; after aiming at the detection line 11 of the standard rod with the theodolite 10, lock the horizontal angle of the sighting part. Place the depth gauge 25 at the axis below the left-end hole, and operate in the same way as in step (3) to measure and record the reading B2 = 22.47 of the depth gauge 25;

[0076] (5) According to the readings of the depth gauge 25 obtained from the two measurements and the hole pitch of the second measuring seat plate 37, combined with Figure 11 , the distance from the measurement reference of the depth vernier caliper to the center connection line of the measuring holes of the measuring seat plate is C. According to Figure 12 , there is:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Thus, it can be obtained that

[0080] In this example, a1 = 2649.98, a2 = 2650.01, B1 = 22.47, B2 = 22.47, C = 25, b1 = B1 - C = 22.47 - 25 = -2.53, b2 = -2.53, and then Y = 2.53 can be solved.

[0081] (6) In this method, for the theodolite 10 equipped with the positioning rod 22, since the positioning rod 22 has a positioning pin 221 that mates with the positioning hole 30 of the measuring seat plate 8, in each measuring hole 9 of the theodolite assembly, the eccentricity X, Y and the position of the axis of the measuring hole 9 are unchanged. That is, the vertical axis 34 of the theodolite 10 is in the measuring hole 9 of the measuring seat plate 8, and the actual measured spacing in the X direction is consistent with the hole pitch of the measuring hole 9 on the measuring seat plate 8, which has no influence on the measurement. In the Y direction, according to the actual eccentricity Y = 2.53, use a vernier caliper to adjust the vernier block 24 at the upper end of the first measuring seat plate 36 to make the vernier block detection line 35 consistent with the Y value, and fasten the vernier block 24;

[0082] (7) Install the theodolite 10 with the positioning rod 22 installed on it into the second measuring seat plate 37 according to steps (3)-(6), and solve the eccentricity X, Y of the second theodolite 10;

[0083] (8) According to the Y value of the eccentricity of the second theodolite 10, use a vernier caliper to adjust the vernier block 24 at the left end of the second measuring seat plate 37 to make the vernier block detection line 35 consistent with the Y value, and fasten the vernier block 24;

[0084] (9) Install the second measuring seat plate 37 into Figure 8 the measuring system, insert the second theodolite 10 into the measuring hole 9 at the right end of the second measuring seat plate 37, aim at the detection line 35 of the vernier block at the left end of the second measuring seat plate 37, adjust the vernier block above the reference plate 39 to make the vertical wire of the theodolite press on its detection line 35, and fasten the vernier block above the reference plate 39;

[0085] (10) Install the first measuring seat plate 36 into Figure 8 the measuring system, insert the first theodolite 10 into the measuring hole 9 at the lower end of the first measuring seat plate 36, aim at the detection line 35 of the vernier block at the upper end of the first measuring seat plate 36, adjust the vernier block below the reference plate 39 to make the vertical wire of the theodolite press on its detection line 35, and fasten the vernier block below the reference plate 39;

[0086] (11) During measurement, insert the second theodolite 10 with the positioning rod 22 installed on it into the corresponding measuring hole 9 of the second measuring seat plate 37, rotate the sighting part of the theodolite 10 to aim at the detection line 35 of the vernier block above the reference plate 39, and then rotate the sighting part of the theodolite 10 by 90°, and then the parts and components parallel to the X-axis can be measured and assembled;

[0087] During measurement, insert the first theodolite 10 with the positioning rod 22 installed into the corresponding measuring hole 9 of the first measuring seat plate 36. Rotate the sighting part of the theodolite 10 to aim at the detection line 35 of the cursor block below the reference plate 39. Then rotate the sighting part of the theodolite 10 by 90°, and parts and components parallel to the Y-axis can be measured and assembled.

[0088] So far, the measurement system composed of the two optical theodolites 10 and the level 38 calibrated by the present invention can assemble products such as the reflector 6.

[0089] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Place the measuring seat plate with several measuring holes on the square box assembly and the flat plate in sequence, adjust and keep it in a horizontal state, fasten the measuring seat plate, the square box assembly and the flat plate, and install a vernier block at one end of the measuring seat plate; (2) Assemble the positioning rod with a positioning pin and the theodolite into a whole, and do not disassemble it during the measurement process until the measurement is completed; (3) Insert the theodolite with the positioning rod and the standard rod with elastic positioning into the measuring holes of the measuring seat plate from left to right in sequence. Place the depth vernier caliper below the axis of the measuring hole on the right side of the standard rod. Adjust the theodolite to be horizontal. After aiming at the detection line of the standard rod with the theodolite, lock the horizontal angle of the sighting part. Adjust the extension length of the depth vernier caliper. When the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located at the detection line of the depth vernier caliper, measure and record the reading B1 of the depth vernier caliper; (4) Insert the theodolite with the positioning rod and the standard rod with elastic positioning into the measuring holes of the measuring seat plate from right to left in sequence. Place the depth vernier caliper below the axis of the measuring hole on the left side of the standard rod. Adjust the theodolite to be horizontal. After aiming at the detection line of the standard rod with the theodolite, lock the horizontal angle of the sighting part. Adjust the extension length of the depth vernier caliper. When the vertical wire of the theodolite is exactly located at the detection line of the depth vernier caliper, measure and record the reading B2 of the depth vernier caliper; (5) According to the readings B1 and B2 of the depth vernier caliper obtained from the two measurements and the hole pitch of the measuring seat plate, the actual eccentricity X and Y in this state can be calculated. The method for calculating the actual eccentricity X and Y is based on the principle of similar triangles; (6) Adjust the vernier block according to the actual eccentricity Y to make the detection line of the vernier block consistent with the Y value, including both the magnitude and direction of the Y value, and fasten the vernier block; (7) During the measurement, insert the theodolite with the positioning rod into the corresponding measuring hole, rotate the sighting part of the theodolite to aim at the detection line on the vernier block, and then rotate the sighting part by 90°, and the position and assembly of the corresponding parallel component can be detected.

2. The method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (3), (4), and (7), ensure that the positioning pin on the positioning rod is inserted into the positioning hole on one side of the measuring hole.

3. The method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (3) and (4), when inserting the standard rod into the measuring hole of the measuring seat plate, align the indicating edge of the detection line of the standard rod with the scale line on the measuring seat plate.

4. The method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of a theodolite according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The positioning outer circle at the lower part of the standard rod is grooved.

5. The method for calibrating the centering deviation and compensation of the theodolite according to claim 1, characterized in that By using two calibrated theodolites placed on the first measuring seat plate and the second measuring seat plate perpendicular to each other, and a level, a measuring system for detecting the three-dimensional coordinates of spatial points is formed. Perform the calibration of the centering deviation and compensation of the theodolite in the X direction and the Y direction respectively, and then the parts and components parallel to the X axis or / and the Y axis can be measured and assembled.

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