Hydrocarbon Accumulation Physical Simulation Device and Experimental Method

Abstract

This invention provides a physical simulation device and method for hydrocarbon accumulation. The simulation device includes a simulation chamber, a booster pump, a heating device, at least four thrusters, and multiple push rod mechanisms. The heating device is located inside the simulation chamber, and the booster pump is connected to the simulation chamber. The at least four thrusters are arranged horizontally at both ends of the simulation chamber, including a first thruster, a second thruster, a third thruster, and a fourth thruster. The first and second thrusters are located at the left end, with the first thruster positioned above the second thruster. The third and fourth thrusters are located at the right end, with the third thruster positioned above the fourth thruster. By applying different stresses to the strata within the simulation chamber, the device simulates the stress and deformation of complex formations, clarifying the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism under complex structural deformation. This solves the technical problem that existing simulation experiments cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of hydrocarbon accumulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas engineering technology, and in particular to a physical simulation device and experimental method for oil and gas reservoir formation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, hydrocarbon accumulation simulation can achieve dynamic and visualized simulations under ambient temperature and pressure. The parameters measured in hydrocarbon accumulation simulations typically include sensor pressure, oil (water) saturation, and external extrusion pressure. Sensor pressure can be measured using a water column or sensor, and oil (water) saturation can be calculated by measuring resistivity. When designing hydrocarbon flow simulation experiments, the main considerations are the compressive normal stress and shear stress on the formation. However, in actual formations, due to sedimentary tectonic activity, the formation is subjected to various stresses, resulting in complex tectonic deformation movements. Under internal dynamic forces, horizontal rock strata can become tilted or even bent, and the stress-induced deformation of the rock strata produces a series of bends forming folds. In addition to common vertical and tilted folds, some formations may also exhibit overturned folds, recumbent folds, and fan-shaped folds. The tectonic environment is complex, and compressive stress, shear stress, or uniform stress alone cannot meet the actual conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation simulation under complex geological conditions.

[0003] Furthermore, some simulation devices are closed systems and do not consider the escape behavior of oil and gas when faults or strike-slip movements occur. Generally, fault control can only be achieved in advance by designing fracture molds, and cannot fully and intuitively reflect the actual fracture situation of the formation under stress. Existing simulation experiments cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of oil and gas accumulation in complex formations, which seriously affects the research on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism under complex structural fractures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a physical simulation device and experimental method for oil and gas accumulation that can simulate complex structural environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a physical simulation device and experimental method for hydrocarbon accumulation, so as to solve the technical problem that the simulation experiments in the prior art cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of hydrocarbon accumulation.

[0005] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] This invention provides a physical simulation device for hydrocarbon accumulation, comprising: a simulation chamber, a booster pump, a heating device, at least four thrusters, and multiple push rod mechanisms. The heating device is disposed inside the simulation chamber, the booster pump is connected to the simulation chamber, and the at least four thrusters are arranged horizontally at both ends of the simulation chamber, including a first thruster, a second thruster, a third thruster, and a fourth thruster. The first thruster and the second thruster are located at the left end, with the first thruster positioned above the second thruster, and the third thruster and the fourth thruster are located at the right end, with the third thruster positioned above the fourth thruster.

[0007] The plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a first push rod mechanism for applying a downward thrust to the first pusher, a second push rod mechanism for applying a downward thrust to the third pusher, a fifth push rod mechanism for applying a rightward thrust to the first pusher, a sixth push rod mechanism for applying a rightward thrust to the second pusher, a seventh push rod mechanism for applying a leftward thrust to the third pusher, and an eighth push rod mechanism for applying a leftward thrust to the fourth pusher.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a third push rod mechanism for applying an upward thrust to the second pusher and a fourth push rod mechanism for applying a downward thrust to the fourth pusher.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a ninth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the first thruster, a fifteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the second thruster, a tenth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the third thruster, and a sixteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the fourth thruster.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a ninth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the first thruster, an eleventh push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the second thruster, a tenth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the third thruster, and a twelfth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the fourth thruster.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a thirteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the first pusher and a fourteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the third pusher;

[0012] And / or, the plurality of said push rod mechanisms include: a fifteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the second pusher and a sixteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the fourth pusher.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the vertical cross-section of the simulation box is elliptical.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the thruster includes a movable body with a semi-elliptical vertical cross-section.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the simulation box includes a cylindrical body and pads disposed at both ends of the cylindrical body. The cylindrical body is elliptical cylindrical, and the thruster is disposed on the outside of the pads.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a waste collector is provided on the lower side of the simulation box; a fluid inlet is provided at the upper end of the simulation box, and the fluid inlet is connected to a water pump and an air pump respectively.

[0017] This invention provides a physical simulation experimental method for hydrocarbon accumulation, using the aforementioned physical simulation device for hydrocarbon accumulation. The experimental method includes: controlling the temperature and pressure inside the simulation chamber through the booster pump and the heating device to simulate the temperature and pressure during formation evolution; and the push rod mechanism applying force to the quartz sand inside the simulation chamber through the pusher.

[0018] The features and advantages of this invention are:

[0019] The simulation chamber is heated to a set temperature by a heating device, and the pressure inside the chamber is increased to a set value by a booster pump, simulating the temperature and pressure during formation evolution. This allows for the application of different stresses to the experimental medium, simulating the evolution process of formation hydrocarbon accumulation under various complex structural environments, and improving the accuracy of the simulation experiment in reflecting the actual situation of hydrocarbon accumulation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of the oil and gas reservoir physical simulation device provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a side view of the oil and gas accumulation physical simulation device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the thruster in the oil and gas accumulation physical simulation device provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the resistivity instrument in the oil and gas accumulation physical simulation device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figures 5-10 This is a schematic diagram of the forces acting on the experimental medium in the physical simulation method for hydrocarbon accumulation provided by the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0027] 25. Simulation chamber; 26. Oil and gas injection port; 22. Cylinder body; 23. Pad plate;

[0028] 27. Waste collector; 28. Water pump; 29. ​​Air pump; 290. Fluid inlet

[0029] 21. Booster pump;

[0030] 24. Heating device;

[0031] 30. Pressure gauge; 31. Thermometer; 32. Resistivity instrument; 33. Acoustic wave detection instrument.

[0032] 100. Push rod mechanism;

[0033] 1. First push rod mechanism; 2. Second push rod mechanism; 3. Third push rod mechanism; 4. Fourth push rod mechanism;

[0034] 5. Fifth push rod mechanism; 6. Sixth push rod mechanism; 7. Seventh push rod mechanism; 8. Eighth push rod mechanism;

[0035] 9. Ninth push rod mechanism; 10. Tenth push rod mechanism; 11. Eleventh push rod mechanism; 12. Twelfth push rod mechanism;

[0036] 13. Thirteenth push rod mechanism; 14. Fourteenth push rod mechanism; 15. Fifteenth push rod mechanism; 16. Sixteenth push rod mechanism;

[0037] 170. Thruster; 171. Moving body;

[0038] 17. First thruster; 18. Second thruster; 19. Third thruster; 20. Fourth thruster;

[0039] 400. Experimental medium. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Option 1

[0042] This invention provides a physical simulation device for hydrocarbon accumulation, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the physical simulation device includes: a simulation chamber 25, a booster pump 21, a heating device 24, at least four thrusters 170, and multiple push rod mechanisms 100. The heating device 24 is located inside the simulation chamber 25. The booster pump 21 is connected to the simulation chamber 25. The at least four thrusters 170 are arranged horizontally at both ends of the simulation chamber 25, including a first thruster 17, a second thruster 18, a third thruster 19, and a fourth thruster 20. The first thruster 17 and the second thruster 18 are located at the left end, with the first thruster 17 positioned above the second thruster 18. The third thruster 19 and the fourth thruster 20 are positioned at the left end. The thruster 20 is located at the right end and the third thruster 19 is positioned above the fourth thruster 20; the plurality of push rod mechanisms 100 include: a first push rod mechanism 1 for applying a downward thrust to the first thruster 17, a second push rod mechanism 2 for applying a downward thrust to the third thruster 19, a fifth push rod mechanism 5 for applying a rightward thrust to the first thruster 17, a sixth push rod mechanism 6 for applying a rightward thrust to the second thruster 18, a seventh push rod mechanism 7 for applying a leftward thrust to the third thruster 19, and an eighth push rod mechanism 8 for applying a leftward thrust to the fourth thruster 20.

[0043] The simulation chamber 25 is heated to a set temperature by the heating device 24, and the pressure inside the simulation chamber 25 is increased to a set value by the booster pump 21, simulating the temperature and pressure during strata evolution. The fifth pusher mechanism 5 applies a rightward thrust to the first thruster 17, the sixth pusher mechanism 6 applies a rightward thrust to the second thruster 18, the seventh pusher mechanism 7 applies a leftward thrust to the third thruster 19, and the eighth pusher mechanism 8 applies a leftward thrust to the fourth thruster 20, and so on. Figure 5 As shown, the fifth push rod mechanism 5, the sixth push rod mechanism 6, the seventh push rod mechanism 7, and the eighth push rod mechanism 8 move in opposite directions, transmitting pressure through the thruster 170 to the experimental medium 400 inside the simulation chamber 25 to simulate the compressive stress of the formation. The first push rod mechanism 1 applies a downward thrust to the first thruster 17, and the second push rod mechanism 2 applies a downward thrust to the third thruster 19, as shown. Figure 7 As shown, the bending stress of the formation at different dip angles of the cross section is simulated by the co-movement of the first push rod mechanism 1 and the second push rod mechanism 2. The sixth push rod mechanism 6 applies a rightward thrust to the second thruster 18, and the seventh push rod mechanism 7 applies a leftward thrust to the third thruster 19, as shown. Figure 6As shown, the shear stress of the formation is simulated by the opposing movement of the sixth pusher mechanism 6 and the seventh pusher mechanism 7; or, the fifth pusher mechanism 5 applies a rightward thrust to the first thruster 17, and the eighth pusher mechanism 8 applies a leftward thrust to the fourth thruster 20, as shown. Figure 9 As shown, the shear stress of the formation is simulated by the opposing movement of the fifth pusher mechanism 5 and the eighth pusher mechanism 8. By applying different stresses to the experimental medium 400, the evolution process of formation hydrocarbon accumulation under various complex structural environments can be simulated, improving the accuracy of the simulation experiment in reflecting the actual situation of hydrocarbon accumulation.

[0044] In the simulation experiment using this physical simulation device, the experimental medium 400 can be treated first. Specific steps include: placing quartz sand of different particle sizes into the simulation chamber 25 and filling it with epoxy resin. The quartz sand is then pressurized by the opposing movements of the fifth pusher mechanism 5, the sixth pusher mechanism 6, the seventh pusher mechanism 7, and the eighth pusher mechanism 8. The pressure is set to 4-10 MPa, held for 4-5 minutes, and compacted until the colloid solidifies and the pressure stabilizes before releasing the pressure. The pressure and holding time can be set according to the specific experimental conditions.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the simulation chamber 25 is equipped with an oil and gas injection port 26. Dyed liquid is injected into the simulation chamber 25 through the oil and gas injection port 26 to simulate the flow and accumulation process of formation oil and gas. Specifically, the booster pump 21 can be an air booster pump, and the heating device 24 can be an electric heating coil. The simulation chamber 25 is also connected to a pressure gauge 30, a thermometer 31, a resistivity instrument 32, and an acoustic wave detection instrument 33.

[0046] In some embodiments, the plurality of push rod mechanisms 100 include a third push rod mechanism 3 for applying an upward thrust to the second thruster 18 and a fourth push rod mechanism 4 for applying a downward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. The third push rod mechanism 3 applies an upward thrust to the second thruster 18, and the fourth push rod mechanism 4 applies a downward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. By moving the third push rod mechanism 3 and the fourth push rod mechanism 4 in the same direction, the bending stress of the formation at different dip angles of the normal cross section is simulated.

[0047] Furthermore, the plurality of push rod mechanisms 100 include: a ninth push rod mechanism 9 for applying a rearward thrust to the first thruster 17, a fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 for applying a forward thrust to the second thruster 18, a tenth push rod mechanism 10 for applying a rearward thrust to the third thruster 19, and a sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 for applying a forward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. The ninth push rod mechanism 9 applies a rearward thrust to the first thruster 17, and the tenth push rod mechanism 10 applies a rearward thrust to the third thruster 19; the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 applies a forward thrust to the second thruster 18, and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 applies a forward thrust to the fourth thruster 20, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the torsional stress of the formation under different dip angles of the inclined section is simulated by the synchronous movement of the ninth push rod mechanism 9 and the tenth push rod mechanism 10, and the synchronous movement of the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16.

[0048] Furthermore, the plurality of push rod mechanisms 100 include: a ninth push rod mechanism 9 for applying a rearward thrust to the first thruster 17, an eleventh push rod mechanism 11 for applying a rearward thrust to the second thruster 18, a tenth push rod mechanism 10 for applying a rearward thrust to the third thruster 19, and a twelfth push rod mechanism 12 for applying a rearward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. The ninth push rod mechanism 9 applies a rearward thrust to the first thruster 17, the eleventh push rod mechanism 11 applies a rearward thrust to the second thruster 18, the tenth push rod mechanism 10 applies a rearward thrust to the third thruster 19, and the twelfth push rod mechanism 12 applies a rearward thrust to the fourth thruster 20, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the bending stress of the strata under different dip angles of the inclined section is simulated by the unidirectional movement of the ninth push rod mechanism 9, the tenth push rod mechanism 10, the eleventh push rod mechanism 11 and the twelfth push rod mechanism 12.

[0049] Furthermore, the plurality of push rod mechanisms 100 include: a thirteenth push rod mechanism 13 for applying a forward thrust to the first thruster 17 and a fourteenth push rod mechanism 14 for applying a forward thrust to the third thruster 19; and / or, the plurality of push rod mechanisms 100 include: a fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 for applying a forward thrust to the second thruster 18 and a sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 for applying a forward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. The eleventh push rod mechanism 11 applies a rearward thrust to the second thruster 18, and the twelfth push rod mechanism 12 applies a rearward thrust to the fourth thruster 20; the thirteenth push rod mechanism 13 applies a forward thrust to the first thruster 17, and the fourteenth push rod mechanism 14 applies a forward thrust to the third thruster 19. By having the eleventh push rod mechanism 11 and the twelfth push rod mechanism 12 move in the same phase, and the thirteenth push rod mechanism 13 and the fourteenth push rod mechanism 14 move in the same direction, the torsional stress of the formation at different dip angles of the inclined section is simulated. Alternatively, the ninth push rod mechanism 9 applies a backward thrust to the first thruster 17, the tenth push rod mechanism 10 applies a backward thrust to the third thruster 19; the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 applies a forward thrust to the second thruster 18, and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 applies a forward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. By having the ninth push rod mechanism 9 and the tenth push rod mechanism 10 move in phase, and the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 move in phase, the torsional stress of the formation under different dip angles of the inclined section can be simulated.

[0050] In one embodiment, the thirteenth push rod mechanism 13 applies a forward thrust to the first thruster 17, the fourteenth push rod mechanism 14 applies a forward thrust to the third thruster 19, the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 applies a forward thrust to the second thruster 18, and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 applies a forward thrust to the fourth thruster 20. By having the thirteenth push rod mechanism 13, the fourteenth push rod mechanism 14, the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15, and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 move in the same direction, the bending stress of the strata at different dip angles of the inclined section can also be simulated.

[0051] Figure 1 and Figure 2The shown hydrocarbon accumulation physics simulation device has the fifth push rod mechanism 5, the sixth push rod mechanism 6, the seventh push rod mechanism 7, and the eighth push rod mechanism 8 respectively located at the side ends of the simulation chamber 25. The four push rod mechanisms 100 move simultaneously towards each other to apply compressive stress to the intermediate test medium of the thruster 170, and the push rod mechanisms 100 move in a staggered, opposite direction to apply shear stress to the intermediate test medium of the thruster 170. The first push rod mechanism 1 and the second push rod mechanism 2 are located at the upper end of the simulation chamber 25, and the third push rod mechanism 3 and the fourth push rod mechanism 4 are located at the upper end of the simulation chamber 25. Below the chamber 25, two push rod mechanisms 100 move upward or downward in the same phase to apply bending stress to the intermediate test medium of the propeller 170; the ninth push rod mechanism 9, the tenth push rod mechanism 10, the eleventh push rod mechanism 11 and the twelfth push rod mechanism 12 are on the front of the simulation chamber 25, and the thirteenth push rod mechanism 13, the fourteenth push rod mechanism 14, the fifteenth push rod mechanism 15 and the sixteenth push rod mechanism 16 are behind the simulation chamber 25. The push rod mechanisms 100 move in opposite directions to apply torsional stress to the intermediate test medium of the propeller 170. Figures 5-10 The arrows in the diagram indicate the thrust applied by each pusher mechanism 100. These pusher mechanisms 100 can be combined or operate simultaneously to apply various stress combinations, simulating the process of oil and gas formation, migration, and accumulation. This simulates the influence of faults generated under different tectonic stresses on oil and gas flow, migration, and accumulation, enabling physical simulation of tight oil and gas accumulation in complex tectonic reservoirs and reflecting the actual situation of oil and gas fluid accumulation under complex tectonic conditions. Considering that oil and gas accumulation in a formation is not a static but a dynamic process, this oil and gas accumulation physical simulation device can dynamically pressurize to simulate the natural evolution of oil and gas under tectonic action. It simulates the formation evolution process from three aspects: formation temperature, formation pressure, and different stresses generated under tectonic action, providing a more realistic reflection of oil and gas flow in the formation.

[0052] Specifically, the push rod mechanism 100 includes a push rod and a drive device, which provides power to move the push rod. The drive device may include a hydraulic cylinder or a motor-screw mechanism.

[0053] In some implementations, the vertical cross-section of the simulation chamber 25 is elliptical, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the experimental medium 400 is placed inside the simulation chamber 25. Push rod mechanisms 100 are respectively arranged at the left and right ends, top and bottom ends, and front and rear ends of the simulation chamber 25, which facilitates the application of various stresses to the experimental medium 400 inside the simulation chamber 25. Further, the pusher 170 includes a movable body 171, the vertical cross-section of which is semi-elliptical, as shown... Figures 1-3As shown, the force of each push rod mechanism 100 is transmitted to the experimental medium 400 inside the simulation chamber 25 through the pusher 170, improving the accuracy and realism of the experiment. Preferably, the vertical cross-section of the first pusher 17 and the vertical cross-section of the second pusher 18 can be combined to form a complete ellipse, and the two are arranged opposite each other and divided by the minor axis of the ellipse. Figure 3 As shown, the movable body 171 of the thruster 170 is a solid semi-elliptical cylinder. The first thruster 17 and the third thruster 19 are at the same height, and the second thruster 18 and the fourth thruster 20 are at the same height.

[0054] Furthermore, the simulation chamber 25 includes a cylindrical body 22 and pads 23 disposed at both ends of the cylindrical body 22. The cylindrical body 22 is elliptical cylindrical in shape. Pushers 170 are disposed on the outer side of the pads 23, with each pusher 170 abutting against the pad 23 and applying a thrust to the pad 23 to transfer the force to the experimental medium 400. The pads 23 are capable of deforming inward under the action of the pushers 170. The pads 23 are preferably aluminum alloy pads.

[0055] Unlike the rectangular simulation device, in this embodiment, the cylinder 22 of the simulation box 25 is elliptical, which facilitates calculation and practical operation, and has the following advantages:

[0056] (1) It is conducive to uniform stress transmission. When subjected to external force, the stress can be transmitted more evenly into the simulated stratum. When various shear and compressive stresses are applied, the circular shape transmits the force more evenly, avoiding the phenomenon that some areas bear greater stress and some areas bear less stress, thus reducing the uneven stress.

[0057] (2) It facilitates the application of various external forces and the realization of complex deformation in any area, avoiding the situation where the corners and adjacent areas of the cuboid cannot be used; considering that external stress cannot be applied to the corners of the cuboid in actual operation and lacks the corresponding deformation and force characteristics, in this practical method, the ellipse can be subjected to force in any direction, producing a variety of complex deformations; compared with the cuboid, it is easier to produce large-scale deformation under the action of external forces without causing damage.

[0058] (3) Considering that the actual strata are not cuboids, ellipsoids more realistically reflect the changes of strata under stress compared to cuboids. They more accurately and realistically simulate the actual situation of strata and effectively reduce the error of simulation experiments.

[0059] In some embodiments, a waste collector 27 is provided on the lower side of the simulation chamber 25; a fluid inlet 290 is provided at the upper end of the simulation chamber 25, which is connected to a water pump 28 and an air pump 29. After the experiment, the simulation chamber 25 is opened, allowing the quartz sand to fall naturally into the waste collector 27; the valve of the water pump 28 is opened to rinse the simulation chamber 25 with clean water; after rinsing, the air pump 29 is turned on to dry the moisture in the simulation chamber 25, so as to quickly start a new simulation experiment. The simulation chamber 25 can be made of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer material (POE), which can operate normally at temperatures above 100°C, and has the characteristics of high strength, good elasticity, strong plasticity, strong heat resistance and transparency, which conforms to the actual operation process designed in this invention.

[0060] Option 2

[0061] This invention provides a physical simulation method for hydrocarbon accumulation, employing the aforementioned physical simulation device. The experimental method includes: controlling the temperature and pressure within the simulation chamber 25 using a booster pump 21 and a heating device 24 to simulate the temperature and pressure during formation evolution; and applying force to the quartz sand within the simulation chamber 25 via a pusher mechanism 100 and a pusher 170 using a pusher. This experimental method, by heating the simulation chamber 25 to a set temperature using the heating device 24 and increasing the pressure within the chamber to a set value using the booster pump 21, simulates the temperature and pressure during formation evolution. It achieves the application of different stresses to the experimental medium 400, simulating the evolution process of hydrocarbon accumulation in various complex structural environments, thus improving the accuracy of the simulation experiment in reflecting the actual situation of hydrocarbon accumulation.

[0062] Specifically, 0-360° marking lines are drawn on the outside of the simulation chamber 25 along the horizontal line. During use, these marking lines facilitate timely understanding of the specific deformation of the quartz sand within the simulation chamber 25 under different stresses applied by the thruster 170, and also facilitate estimation of different dip angles. After the simulation chamber 25 deforms, the 0-degree marking line changes accordingly. The actual dip angle of the simulated strata can be confirmed by viewing the newly deformed parallel line, which is parallel to the horizontal line of the operating platform. By setting different temperature and pressure parameters, the spatiotemporal coupling hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of different strata dip angles under different tectonic evolution at different depths is simulated; the location of fractures under different tectonic stresses is simulated. When the applied stress exceeds the solvent cementing limit, fracturing occurs, resulting in fractures. This allows for the simulation of fractures at different angles and apertures, as well as the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of different types of tectonic fractures and the pore coupling between particles.

[0063] By measuring the resistivity of quartz sand particles and fluid in simulation chamber 25, the formation resistivity can be calculated according to formula (1). By measuring the different reflection velocity changes of quartz sand particles and fluid using an acoustic detector, the porosity of the simulated formation can be calculated according to formula (2). The oil (water) saturation can be calculated according to Archie's formula (3), reflecting the hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment patterns under different configuration relationships. A high-definition camera is used to photograph simulation chamber 25 to monitor the dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution process in real time. Based on the depth change of the filling fluid color in the photographed images, the signal value is extracted, and the ratio of hydrocarbon accumulation in different regions is calculated.

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, resistivity R T The simulation chamber has a length L and a cross-sectional area S. Measuring electrodes M and N measure the potential difference ΔU between two points in the formation. MN Current I, such as Figure 4 As shown.

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, Δt is the rock acoustic transit time (1 / V), Δt f It is the acoustic transit time of the fluid in the pore (1 / V) f );Δt ma It is the acoustic transit time of the rock skeleton (1 / V) ma ); Porosity Φ.

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, water saturation S W Rw formation water resistivity, R T Formation resistivity and porosity Φ. 'a' is a lithology-related coefficient, 'b' is a lithology-related constant, 'm' is the cementation index, and 'n' is the saturation index. The values ​​of m, n, a, and b are derived from laboratory rock electrical analysis, and Rw is calculated based on regional water test analysis.

[0070] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention based on the content disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical simulation device for hydrocarbon accumulation, characterized in that, include: The simulation chamber includes a booster pump, a heating device, at least four thrusters, and multiple push rod mechanisms. The heating device is located inside the simulation chamber, and the booster pump is connected to the simulation chamber. The at least four thrusters are arranged horizontally at both ends of the simulation chamber, including a first thruster, a second thruster, a third thruster, and a fourth thruster. The first thruster and the second thruster are located at the left end, with the first thruster positioned above the second thruster. The third thruster and the fourth thruster are located at the right end, with the third thruster positioned above the fourth thruster. The plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a first push rod mechanism for applying a downward thrust to the first pusher, a second push rod mechanism for applying a downward thrust to the third pusher, a fifth push rod mechanism for applying a rightward thrust to the first pusher, a sixth push rod mechanism for applying a rightward thrust to the second pusher, a seventh push rod mechanism for applying a leftward thrust to the third pusher, and an eighth push rod mechanism for applying a leftward thrust to the fourth pusher; The experimental medium is placed between the thrusters at both ends of the simulation chamber, and the force of each push rod mechanism is transmitted to the experimental medium inside the simulation chamber through each thruster.

2. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a third push rod mechanism for applying an upward thrust to the second pusher and a fourth push rod mechanism for applying a downward thrust to the fourth pusher.

3. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a ninth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the first thruster, a fifteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the second thruster, a tenth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the third thruster, and a sixteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the fourth thruster.

4. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a ninth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the first thruster, an eleventh push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the second thruster, a tenth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the third thruster, and a twelfth push rod mechanism for applying a rearward thrust to the fourth thruster.

5. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plurality of push rod mechanisms include: a thirteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the first pusher and a fourteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the third pusher; And / or, the plurality of said push rod mechanisms include: a fifteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the second pusher and a sixteenth push rod mechanism for applying a forward thrust to the fourth pusher.

6. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical cross-section of the simulation box is elliptical.

7. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thruster includes a movable body, the vertical cross-section of which is semi-elliptical.

8. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The simulation box includes a cylindrical body and pads disposed at both ends of the cylindrical body. The cylindrical body is elliptical cylindrical in shape, and the thruster is disposed on the outside of the pad.

9. The hydrocarbon accumulation physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A waste collector is provided on the lower side of the simulation box; a fluid inlet is provided at the upper end of the simulation box, and the fluid inlet is connected to a water pump and an air pump respectively.

10. A physical simulation experimental method for hydrocarbon accumulation, characterized in that, The oil and gas accumulation physical simulation device according to any one of claims 1-9 is used, and the experimental method includes: controlling the temperature and pressure inside the simulation chamber by means of the booster pump and the heating device to simulate the temperature and pressure during formation evolution; and the push rod mechanism applying force to the quartz sand inside the simulation chamber by means of the pusher.

Images