A vertical load device for in-situ large-scale direct shear test

Abstract

The application discloses a vertical load device for large-scale direct shear test in situ, which mainly comprises a crossbeam, a counterweight, an anchor, a counterweight plate, a roller, a first jack, a pressure sensor and a sliding module. During the test, a hard layer is first laid on the soil on both sides of a sample, and then the counterweight and the crossbeam are erected on the hard layer; during the erection, the locking block and the locking block are locked to avoid the movement of the counterweight and the crossbeam again, thereby affecting the shear test; then, a shear box is sleeved on the sample, and a third steel plate and the first jack are placed on the shear box; then, the sliding module is installed between the first jack and the crossbeam, and finally, the force of the first jack pushing the crossbeam upward is adjusted to meet the requirement of different loads on the sample. In addition, after the completion of the current experiment, the roller is released to push the counterweight and the crossbeam to the next sample, and the next sample can be tested, so that the operation is simple, convenient, flexible, fast and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of field test technology, and in particular to a vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the Pearl River Delta region of China, there are a large number of residual granite soils in slope filling engineering. The undisturbed soil is relatively hard, and there are many unevenly sized gravel blocks, mostly in the form of complete weathering and strong weathering. Due to the complex composition of the material, there are many soil-included gravel blocks, and the indoor test of this kind of material is limited by the size of the sample, and it is difficult to obtain the material properties close to the real environment. Therefore, the method of in-situ direct shear test is proposed. Since the sample size is large, the disturbance to the soil is small, and it is closer to the deformation of the engineering under load, it can better reflect the actual situation of the strength characteristics of the rock-soil material. The in-situ direct shear test is suitable for the detection of the mechanical indicators of the soil in the early stage of the project.

[0003] Due to the complexity of the in-situ direct shear test device, and the need for a large amount of time and low efficiency for in-situ direct shear test under complex site conditions. The test also has certain risks, and there are few reports on the improvement of large-scale in-situ direct shear test devices from the aspects of safety and economy.

[0004] Currently, the in-situ direct shear test mostly uses direct shear method, and there are the following problems: 1. During the loading process, the test device cannot be flexibly adjusted, the test device is complex to assemble, and the time required for measuring multiple samples is relatively long, and the efficiency is low. 2. When shear dilation occurs, there is a phenomenon of vertical counterforce platform instability or even safety accidents due to uneven force on both ends of the loading counterweight device or unbalanced support end.

[0005] Therefore, the prior art needs to be further improved and perfected. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test.

[0007] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test, mainly comprising a crossbeam, a counterweight block, an anchor bar, a counterweight plate, a roller, a first jack, a pressure sensor for measuring vertical load, and a sliding module for reducing the resistance of mutual movement of the crossbeam and the first jack.

[0009] Specifically, the first jack is arranged on the top of the sample, and the driving end of the first jack is connected with the bottom of the sliding module. The middle part of the cross beam is arranged on the sliding module. The counterweights are arranged at the two ends of the cross beam. The counterweight plates are arranged at the bottom of the counterweights, and the counterweights are arranged on the counterweight plates. The rollers are installed at the bottom of the counterweight plates, and the rolling direction of the rollers is perpendicular to the length direction of the cross beam. The anchor bars are vertically arranged, and the upper end of the anchor bars is connected with the cross beam, and the lower end of the anchor bars is connected with the counterweight plates, so that the counterweight plates and the counterweights counterbalance the cross beam. The pressure sensor is arranged on the jack and located between the jack and the sample.

[0010] Specifically, the cross beam mainly comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, a partition plate, a first reinforcing plate and a second reinforcing plate. The top plate and the bottom plate are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other. The partition plate is vertically arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate. The partition plates are evenly distributed between the top plate and the bottom plate. The first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are arranged between adjacent partition plates. The first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are arranged obliquely and connected in an X-shaped structure. The first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are connected at the connection between the top plate and the partition plate, and the connection between the bottom plate and the partition plate, respectively.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the present application, in actual tests, the pushing height of the cross beam needs to be adjusted due to different implementation conditions of the site. The vertical load device of the present application further comprises a fastening nut. The upper and lower ends of the anchor bars are provided with threads. The fastening nuts are arranged at the connection between the anchor bars and the top of the top plate, and the connection between the anchor bars and the bottom of the counterweight plate, respectively. When adjusting, the maximum height of the cross beam can be adjusted by adjusting the fastening nuts at the upper and lower ends of the anchor bars.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the sliding module in the present scheme can have two implementation modes. The first mode is that the sliding module comprises a first steel plate, a bearing seat, a rotating shaft and a bearing. The two ends of the rotating shaft are installed on the first steel plate through the bearing seat. The bearings are arranged side by side on the rotating shaft, and the rolling direction of the bearings is consistent with the length direction of the cross beam. The bottom of the steel plate is fixedly connected with the driving end of the first jack.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the second implementation mode of the sliding module of the present scheme is that the sliding module comprises a second steel plate and a bullseye wheel. The bullseye wheels are uniformly installed on the second steel plate. The bottom of the second steel plate is fixedly connected with the driving end of the first jack.

[0014] Preferably, in order to uniformly distribute the vertical load on the sample, the vertical load device of the present application further comprises a third steel plate. The third steel plate is arranged between the first jack and the sample.

[0015] Preferably, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the height of the cross beam and to make the cross beam more integrated with the counterweight, the vertical load device further comprises a second jack. The second jack is arranged on the counterweight, and the top of the second jack abuts against the cross beam. The number of the second jack is at least two, and the second jack is arranged side by side.

[0016] Further, in order to make the thrust force exerted by the second jack on the cross beam be transmitted more uniformly to the cross beam, the vertical load device further comprises a fourth steel plate. The fourth steel plate is arranged between the second jack and the cross beam.

[0017] As a preferred scheme of the present application, in order to avoid the shaking or movement of the counterweight and the cross beam during the test, the vertical load device further comprises locking blocks, first springs, second springs, and locking blocks for locking the rollers. The locking blocks are arranged in pairs at the front and rear positions of the rollers, and the top end of the locking blocks is connected to the bottom of the counterweight plate through the first springs, so that the locking blocks can rotate around the connection. The locking blocks are arranged on the back of the locking blocks, one end of the locking blocks is connected to the locking blocks through the second springs, and the other end of the locking blocks can rotate around the connection and abut against the bottom of the counterweight plate to lock the locking blocks. In use, if the rollers need to be locked, the locking blocks can be turned down and contacted with the rollers, and at the same time, the locking blocks are turned up to abut against the bottom of the counterweight plate, so as to form a relatively stable support structure, and the locking blocks firmly press the rollers. When the two locking blocks act on the rollers at the same time, the rollers form a ring posture, and the rollers are further locked. If the rollers need to be released, the locking blocks can be pushed back to turn over, and at this time, the locking blocks and the locking blocks are reset at the same time under the action of the second springs and the first springs, and the rollers are unlocked. At this time, the entire vertical load device can be pushed forward to roll until reaching the next test sample.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the present application, in order to facilitate the test, the vertical load device further comprises a hard layer for facilitating the forward rolling of the pulley. The hard layer is laid on the ground on both sides of the test sample. On the one hand, the hard layer can provide a flat surface for the rollers to slide on, facilitating the overall movement of the vertical load and improving the flexibility thereof, and on the other hand, the hard layer can provide stable support for the counterweights on both sides to avoid imbalance.

[0019] The working process and principles of the present application are as follows: during the test, first, a hard layer is laid on the soil on both sides of the sample, and then counterweights and cross beams are erected on the hard layer; during the erection, the locking block and the locking block are locked to avoid the movement of the counterweights and the cross beams again, which affects the shear test; then, a shear box is sleeved on the sample, and a third steel plate and a first jack are placed on the shear box; then, a sliding module is installed between the first jack and the cross beam, and finally, the force of the first jack pushing the cross beam upward is adjusted to meet the requirement of different loads on the sample. In addition, after the completion of the current experiment, the rollers can be released to push the counterweights and the cross beams to the next sample, so that the next sample can be tested, which is simple, convenient, flexible, fast and efficient.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0021] (1) The vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test provided by the present application can meet the requirements of large-scale in-situ direct shear test, and can flexibly and efficiently test multiple samples from the structural design, which can solve some problems that are difficult to solve in previous large-scale in-situ direct shear tests.

[0022] (2) The vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test provided by the present application has strong adjustability, and compared with traditional direct shear equipment, it has the advantages of safety and efficiency, and can effectively solve the problems of instability and low efficiency encountered in traditional tests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of the vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test provided by the present application.

[0024] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the use state of the vertical load device for large-scale in-situ direct shear test provided by the present application.

[0025] Fig. 3 is a side view of the counterweight structure provided by the present application.

[0026] Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the roller provided by the present application.

[0027] Explanation of the reference numerals in the above drawings:

[0028] 1-Crossbeam, 2-Counterweight block, 3-Anchor bar, 4-Counterweight plate, 5-Roller, 6-First jack, 7-Top plate, 8-Bottom plate, 9-Partition plate, 10-First reinforcing plate, 11-Second reinforcing plate, 12-Fastening nut, 13-First steel plate, 14-Bearing, 15-Third steel plate, 16-Second jack, 17-Fourth steel plate, 18-Locking block, 19-Locking block, 20-Hard layer, 21-Shear box, 22-Sample. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more explicit, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] like Figs. 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment discloses a vertical load device for in-situ large-scale direct shear tests, which mainly includes a crossbeam 1, a counterweight block 2, an anchor bar 3, a counterweight plate 4, a roller 5, a first jack 6, a pressure sensor for measuring the vertical load, and a sliding module for reducing the resistance of the crossbeam 1 and the first jack 6 moving relative to each other.

[0032] Specifically, the first jack 6 is placed on top of the sample 22, and its driving end is connected to the bottom of the sliding module. The middle part of the crossbeam 1 is set on the sliding module. The counterweights 2 are located at both ends of the crossbeam 1. The counterweight plate 4 is set at the bottom of the counterweights 2, and the counterweights 2 are placed on the counterweight plate 4. The rollers 5 are installed at the bottom of the counterweight plate 4, and their rolling direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the crossbeam 1. The anchor bar 3 is set vertically, with its upper end connected to the crossbeam 1 and its lower end connected to the counterweight plate 4, balancing the counterweight plate 4 and the counterweights 2 onto the crossbeam 1. The pressure sensor is set on the jack, located between the jack and the sample 22.

[0033] Specifically, the crossbeam 1 mainly includes a top plate 7, a bottom plate 8, a partition plate 9, a first reinforcing plate 10, and a second reinforcing plate 11. The top plate 7 and the bottom plate 8 are horizontally and parallel to each other. The partition plate 9 is vertically arranged between the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 8. The partition plates 9 are spaced apart and evenly distributed between the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 8. The first reinforcing plate 10 and the second reinforcing plate 11 are both arranged between adjacent partition plates 9. The first reinforcing plate 10 and the second reinforcing plate 11 are inclined and connected to form an X-shaped structure. The first reinforcing plate 10 and the second reinforcing plate 11 are connected to the connection points of the top plate 7 and the partition plate 9, and the bottom plate 8 and the partition plate 9, respectively.

[0034] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the jacking height of the cross beam 1 needs to be adjusted in actual test due to different implementation conditions of the site, and the vertical load device further comprises a fastening nut 12. The upper and lower ends of the anchor bar 3 are provided with threads. The fastening nut 12 is arranged at the connection between the anchor bar 3 and the top of the top plate 7 and the connection between the anchor bar 3 and the bottom of the counterweight plate 4 respectively. When adjusting, the maximum height of the cross beam 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the fastening nuts 12 at the upper and lower ends of the anchor bar 3.

[0035] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the sliding module in the scheme can have two implementation modes. The first mode is that the sliding module comprises a first steel plate 13, a bearing seat, a rotating shaft and a bearing 14. The two ends of the rotating shaft are installed on the first steel plate 13 through the bearing seat. The bearings 14 are arranged side by side on the rotating shaft, and the rolling direction is consistent with the length direction of the cross beam 1. The bottom of the steel plate is fixedly connected with the driving end of the first jack 6.

[0036] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the second implementation mode of the sliding module in the scheme is that the sliding module comprises a second steel plate and a bullseye wheel. The bullseye wheels are uniformly installed on the second steel plate. The bottom of the second steel plate is fixedly connected with the driving end of the first jack 6.

[0037] Preferably, in order to uniformly distribute the vertical load on the test sample 22, the vertical load device further comprises a third steel plate 15. The third steel plate 15 is arranged between the first jack 6 and the test sample 22.

[0038] Preferably, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the height of the cross beam 1 and make the cross beam 1 and the counterweight more integrated, the vertical load device further comprises a second jack 16. The second jack 16 is arranged on the counterweight, and the top of the second jack 16 abuts against the cross beam 1. The number of the second jack 16 is at least two, and the second jacks 16 are arranged side by side.

[0039] Further, in order to make the jacking force of the second jack 16 applied to the cross beam 1 be transmitted to the cross beam 1 more uniformly, the vertical load device further comprises a fourth steel plate 17. The fourth steel plate 17 is arranged between the second jack 16 and the cross beam 1.

[0040] As a preferred scheme of the present application, in order to avoid the shaking or moving of the counterweight and the beam 1 during the test, the vertical load device further comprises locking blocks 18, first springs, second springs and locking blocks 19 for locking the rollers 5. The locking blocks 18 are arranged in pairs at the front and rear positions of the rollers 5, and the top ends thereof are connected to the bottom of the counterweight plate 4 through the first springs, so that the locking blocks 18 can rotate around the connection. The locking blocks 19 are arranged on the back of the locking blocks 18, one end of the locking blocks 19 is connected to the locking blocks 18 through the second springs, and the other end of the locking blocks 19 can rotate around the connection and abut against the bottom of the counterweight plate 4 to lock the locking blocks 18. In use, if the rollers 5 are to be locked, the locking blocks 18 can be turned down and contacted with the rollers 5, and at the same time, the locking blocks 19 are turned up to abut against the bottom of the counterweight plate 4, so as to form a relatively stable support structure, and the locking blocks 18 firmly press the rollers 5, and when the two locking blocks 18 simultaneously act on the rollers 5, the rollers 5 form a ring posture, so that the rollers 5 are further locked. If the rollers 5 are to be released, the locking blocks 19 can be pushed back to flip, and at this time, the locking blocks 19 and the locking blocks 18 are reset at the same time under the action of the second springs and the first springs, and the rollers 5 are unlocked, and at this time, the entire vertical load device can be pushed to roll forward until reaching the next test sample 22.

[0041] As a preferred scheme of the present application, in order to facilitate the test, the vertical load device further comprises a hard layer 20 for facilitating the forward rolling of the pulley. The hard layer 20 is laid on the ground on both sides of the test sample 22. On the one hand, the hard layer 20 can provide a flat surface for the rollers 5 to slide on, facilitating the overall movement of the vertical load and improving the flexibility thereof, and on the other hand, the hard layer 20 can provide stable support for the counterweights on both sides to avoid imbalance.

[0042] The working process and principle of the present application are as follows: during the test, a layer of hard layer 20 is laid on the soil on both sides of the test sample 22, and then the counterweight and the beam 1 are erected on the hard layer 20; during the erection, the locking blocks 18 and the locking blocks 19 are locked to avoid the movement of the counterweight and the beam 1, which affects the shear test; then the shear box 21 is sleeved on the test sample 22, and the third steel plate 15 and the first jack 6 are placed on the shear box 21; then the sliding module is installed between the first jack 6 and the beam 1, and finally the force of the first jack 6 pushing the beam 1 upward is adjusted to meet the requirement of different loads on the test sample 22. In addition, after the completion of the present test, the rollers 5 can be released, and the counterweight and the beam 1 can be pushed to the next test sample 22, so that the next test sample 22 can be tested, which is simple, convenient, flexible, fast and the like.

[0043] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present application should be equivalent replacement manners and should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vertical load device for in-situ large-scale direct shear test, characterized in that, The vertical load device comprises a crossbeam, a counterweight, an anchor, a counterweight plate, a roller, a first jack, a pressure sensor for measuring vertical load, and a sliding module for reducing the resistance of the crossbeam and the first jack to each other; The first jack is arranged on the top of the sample, and the driving end of the first jack is connected with the bottom of the sliding module; the middle part of the crossbeam is arranged on the sliding module; The counterweight is arranged at the two ends of the crossbeam respectively; the counterweight plate is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight, and the counterweight is arranged on the counterweight plate; the roller is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight plate, and the rolling direction of the roller is perpendicular to the length direction of the crossbeam; the anchor is arranged vertically, and the upper end of the anchor is connected with the crossbeam, and the lower end of the anchor is connected with the counterweight plate, so as to counterweight the crossbeam, the counterweight plate and the counterweight; the pressure sensor is arranged on the jack and located between the jack and the sample; The crossbeam comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, a partition plate, a first reinforcing plate and a second reinforcing plate; the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other; the partition plate is arranged vertically between the top plate and the bottom plate; the partition plates are uniformly distributed between the top plate and the bottom plate; the first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are arranged between adjacent partition plates; the first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are arranged obliquely and connected to form an X-shaped structure; the first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are connected at the connection between the top plate and the partition plate, and the connection between the bottom plate and the partition plate, respectively; The vertical load device further comprises a fastening nut; the upper and lower ends of the anchor are provided with threads; the fastening nut is arranged at the connection between the anchor and the top plate, and the connection between the anchor and the bottom of the counterweight plate, respectively; The sliding module comprises a first steel plate, a bearing seat, a rotating shaft and a bearing; the two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the first steel plate through the bearing seat; the bearings are arranged side by side on the rotating shaft, and the rolling direction of the bearings is consistent with the length direction of the crossbeam; the bottom of the steel plate is fixedly connected with the driving end of the first jack; The vertical load device further comprises a second jack; the second jack is arranged on the counterweight, and the top of the second jack abuts against the crossbeam; the number of the second jack is at least two, and the second jacks are arranged side by side; The vertical load device further comprises locking blocks for locking the roller, a first spring, a second spring and a locking block; the locking blocks are arranged in pairs at the front and rear positions of the roller, and the top end of the locking blocks is connected with the bottom of the counterweight plate through the first spring, so that the locking blocks rotate around the connection; the locking block is arranged on the back of the locking block, one end of the locking block is connected with the locking block through the second spring, and the other end of the locking block rotates around the connection and abuts against the bottom of the counterweight plate to lock the locking block.

2. The vertical load device for in-situ large direct shear test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding module comprises a second steel plate and a bullseye wheel; the bullseye wheels are uniformly arranged on the second steel plate; the bottom of the second steel plate is fixedly connected with the driving end of the first jack.

3. The vertical load device for in-situ large direct shear test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical load device further comprises a third steel plate; the third steel plate is arranged between the first jack and the sample.

4. The vertical load device for in-situ large direct shear test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical load device further comprises a fourth steel plate; the fourth steel plate is arranged between the second jack and the crossbeam.

5. The vertical load device for in-situ large direct shear test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical load device further comprises a hard layer for facilitating the forward rolling of the pulley; the hard layer is laid on the ground on both sides of the sample.

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