The invention discloses an electric field homogenization method of a superconducting GIL insulator based on surface gradient conductance, and the method achieves the electric field optimization through the regulation and control of the surface conductance distribution of a circular truncated cone insulator. The method comprises the following steps: (1), establishing an axial coordinate system of the insulator; (2), enabling the surface electrical conductivity sigma(z) of the insulator and the axial coordinate z of the insulator to meet an expression: sigma(z)=k(z-z<0>)^2+sigma(0), wherein k isa parameter that needs to be optimized in the calculation, S / m2; z<0> is the coordinate of the bottom surface of the insulator, m; sigma(0) is the bottom surface conductivity of the insulator, S / m; (3), setting k to n different values, wherein n is not less than 2; (4), calculating the electric field distribution of the insulator in the axial direction at the DC voltage m kV using an AC / DC modulein the COMSOL Multiphysics software; (5), selecting the optimal parameter k according to the simulation result when the uniformity of the overall distribution of the electric field is the highest, i.e., constructing the optimal gradient distribution of surface conductivity. At this time, the effect of homogenizing the electric field is the best.