60 results about "Engineering disasters" patented technology

The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography sequence image-based slope three-dimension reconstruction method. The method includes the following steps that: feature region matching and feature point pair extraction are performed on un-calibrated unmanned aerial vehicle multi-view aerial photography sequence images through adopting a feature matching-based algorithm; the geometric structure of a slope and the motion parameters of a camera are calculated through adopting bundle adjustment structure from motion and based on disorder matching feature points, and therefore, a sparse slope three-dimensional point cloud model can be obtained; the sparse slope three-dimensional point cloud model is processed through adopting a patch-based multi-view stereo vision algorithm, so that the sparse slope three-dimensional point cloud model can be diffused to a dense slope three-dimensional point cloud model; and the surface mesh of the slope is reconstructed through adopting Poisson reconstruction algorithm, and the texture information of the surface of the slop is mapped onto a mesh model, and therefore, a vivid three-dimensional slope model with high resolution can be constructed. The unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography sequence image-based slope three-dimension reconstruction method of the invention has the advantages of low cost, flexibility, portability, high imaging resolution, short operating period, suitability for survey of high-risk areas and the like. With the method adopted, the application of low-altitude photogrammetry and computer vision technology to the geological engineering disaster prevention and reduction field can be greatly prompted.

The invention discloses a swelling soil humidifying and swelling numerical simulation method under the rainfall infiltration condition. The swelling soil humidifying and swelling numerical simulation method comprises the following steps: adopting a fluid-solid coupling module and compiling a relevant FISH language program, and realizing the relation of change of the non-saturated region matrix suction, the non-saturated permeability coefficient and the soil strength parameter along with the moisture content in the unsaturated seepage process; then based on the 'humidity stress field theory', according to the similarity of a seepage continuity differential equation and a heat conduction equation, deducing the equivalent conversion relation of a thermodynamic parameter and a seepage parameter, and adopting a thermodynamic module to realize swelling soil swelling deformation process under the humidifying condition. According to the swelling soil humidifying and swelling numerical simulation method, the swelling soil humidifying and swelling whole-process numerical calculation under the rainfall infiltration condition can be effectively and comprehensively realized, so that effective scientific guidance means are provided for engineering design and construction in the high-risk area of the swelling soil engineering disaster, and meanwhile application of the computational soil mechanics to the technical fields of practical engineering construction, geological disaster prevention and control, and the like, is powerfully driven.

The invention provides a three-dimensional spreading simulation method of building group fire, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering disaster prevention and mitigation. This method firstly establishes the indoor fire development model, then establishes the three-dimensional fire spread model between buildings, and finally simulates the fire spread of buildings. In the indoor firedevelopment model, fire development is divided into four stages: fire, explosion, full development, decay, which are described by temperature and heat release rate curves, and different structural types are described by different curve parameters; The three-dimensional fire spread model is composed of heat radiation model, heat plume model and ignition condition. The calculation of heat radiationand heat plume is based on three-dimensional coordinate system. Fire spread simulation of buildings refers to the combination of indoor fire development model and three-dimensional fire spread modelbetween buildings to simulate the fire spread of buildings. The invention can consider the influence of the three-dimensional terrain on the building fire spreading, gives the spreading influence range, and provides an important decision reference for fire rescue and prevention.

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering disaster prevention and control, in particular to a vertical pre-stress anchor rod gravity-type composite retaining wall which comprises a mortar building block stone wall arranged on a bed rock layer. Anchor holes are formed in the mortar building block stone wall and the bed rock layer in the vertical direction. An anchor rod is arranged inside each anchor hole. Cement mortar is filled between the anchor rod and the anchor holes. A concrete anchor beam is arranged at the top end of each anchor hole. The concrete anchor beams are arranged at the upper end of the mortar building block stone wall. A concrete anchor head is arranged on each concrete anchor beam. Compared with a traditional gravity-type retaining wall, the vertical pre-stress anchor rod gravity-type composite retaining wall has the advantages that elastic retraction of the anchor rods is utilized for applying pre-stressing force on the wall body, the weight of retaining wall masonry can be replaced, the sectional size of the retaining wall is reduced, and the integrality and the shearing strength of the wall body of the retaining wall are strengthened.

A preparation method of high-performance recycled aggregate concrete is characterized in that waste concrete is broken to obtain large stones with granularity of 20 to 25mm, small stones with granularity of 5 to 20mm and sand with granularity of smaller than 5mm, and dust produced in the breaking process is pneumatically collected; and then the large stones, the small stones and sand are mixed with polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, cement and appropriate water to further obtain the high-performance recycled aggregate concrete. Against for the special situation of the waste concrete, the waste concrete is smashed and screened on purpose, so that a new concept for treating the waste concrete is provided, the problems such as worsening of engineering disasters, resource waste and environmental pollution can be avoided, and the performance of the recycled concrete is excellent.

The invention provides a centrifugal mud discharging type air pressure pressurized drilling and cutting device for soft and hard strata, and belongs to the technical field of underground engineering rock and soil drilling and cutting and underground engineering disaster prevention and mitigation. The centrifugal mud discharging type air pressure pressurized drilling and cutting device for soft andhard strata comprises a spiral-type centrifugal mud discharging system, a composite drilling and cutting system, a pressurized system, a sensing system, a pump water scouring system and a skeleton supporting system. Operating can be flexibly and quickly conducted during drilling and cutting construction; the composite drilling and cutting system is adopted to conduct drilling and cutting work, thus the uniformity of soil is guaranteed, smooth discharging of the soil is guaranteed, rapid drilling and cutting construction of the soft and hard strata is guaranteed, and the construction speed isincreased; the spiral-type centrifugal mud discharging system is adopted, and a plurality of spiral-type centrifugal mud discharging devices and a plurality of mud discharging pipes are connected, sothat high-speed discharging of rock debris during drilling and cutting construction of the soft and hard strata is guaranteed; and a high-pressure pipe and a wire pipe are embedded in a linear connecting arm, thus the member stiffness and safety are not affected, and materials are saved.

The invention provides an urban road trafficability evaluation method considering building collapse due to earthquake, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering disaster prevention and mitigation. The urban road trafficability evaluation method considering building collapse due to earthquake includes the steps: establishing a refined road network model on a GIS platform; according toa multi-layer shear model, performing time-procedure analysis of earthquake response on regional building groups, and determining the damage and collapse situation of buildings; according to the pavement width and the distance from buildings to the road edge, calculating the influence of the damage and collapse situation of buildings on the road; and finally according to the damaged degree of theroad trafficability, and the estimated place of departure and destination, calculating the optimal path of emergency escape in earthquake and post-earthquake rescue and evacuation. The urban road trafficability evaluation method considering building collapse due to earthquake is accurate and efficient.

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering disaster prevention and reduction, and mainly relates to a soil mass rapid seepage and drainage device and method, in particular to a device and method capable of accelerating slope engineering rapid seepage and drainage and self-reinforcement after rain. According to the device and method, power is supplied through solar array cell panels, a slope body forms a special electrolytic tank through an anode iron rod arranged on the slope top and a cathode metal net arranged on the slope toe, rainwater in the slope body can be accelerated to seep into the slope toe, and slope soil mass can be further solidified and enhanced.

The invention provides a rock slope engineering disaster real-time monitoring and early warning system and a method thereof, and relates to the field of rock slope engineering construction informatization. The system comprises four modules, namely a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a disaster early warning module and a wireless transmission module; the method comprises the following steps that the positions of the monitoring points and the sensor units in the data acquisition module are arranged; the data acquisition module transmits the acquired data to the data analysis module; the data analysis module receives the monitoring data, carries out comparison and analysis on the monitoring data and judges whether the monitoring data is abnormal or not; the disaster early warning module is used for carrying out simulation analysis on the abnormal data, judging the type and grade of the disaster and issuing disaster information; and according to the issued disaster information, workers of all departments on the rock slope construction site take preventive measures in time. The rock slope engineering disaster real-time monitoring and early warning method can timely and accurately monitor construction data and perform comparative analysis, further judge the type and grade of the disaster, issue disaster information and guide subsequent disaster early warning, and has the advantages of simplicity, flexibility, high monitoring accuracy, timely early warning, wide application prospect and the like.

The invention provides an indoor post-earthquake three-dimensional virtual scene construction method considering non-structural components, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering disaster prevention and reduction. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out model construction and calculation, including structure analysis modeling and three-dimensional scene modeling based on a building information model, and structure earthquake dynamic response time interval analysis; Then, carrying out non-structural component damage judgment, including calculation of seismic inertia force and friction force of independent non-structural components, and damage state judgment of the non-structural components based on a vulnerability database; And finally, carrying outthree-dimensional scene construction and visualization, wherein the three-dimensional scene construction and visualization comprises random falling of a ceiling panel under the action of seismic force, texture replacement of a partition wall damage effect and motion state simulation of an independent non-structural component. According to the method, a reasonable and realistic indoor non-structural component post-earthquake three-dimensional scene can be constructed, three-dimensional scene support can be provided for indoor emergency evacuation and rescue related virtual drills of a building,and the method can also be directly used for earthquake safety related teaching and propaganda.

The invention discloses a concave surface type take off and landing platform of a vehicle-mounted unmanned aerial vehicle. The platform comprises a parking apron, a base and at least one bumper post,wherein the parking apron takes the shape of a downward cambered surface; the base is arranged below the parking apron and is fixedly arranged on a top plate of a vehicle body; the bumper post is arranged between the parking apron and the base, and comprises a telescopic section; and a spring sleeves the periphery of the bumper post. The platform realizes automatic positioning of the unmanned aerial vehicle after self-landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle through the concave surface type parking apron, does not need accurate point positioning, and can greatly improve the positioning landing efficiency; the concave surface type parking apron can weaken airflow and improve the stability of the unmanned aerial vehicle during landing; the bumper post can effectively buffer the impact force ofthe unmanned aerial vehicle during landing, has a protective effect on both the unmanned aerial vehicle and the parking apron, and effectively improves the structure stability; and the platform is applicable to cruisers, and automobiles, cargo vans, engineering disaster relief vehicles, emergency rescue vehicles, trucks and armoured vehicle with other similar demands.

The invention discloses an extra-large debris flow disaster multi-period treatment method based on risk control. The method comprises the following steps: (1) judging an object source activity mode and an object source category according to an object source deformation condition; (2) determining the evolution stage of the debris flow disaster according to the proportions of the dynamic reserves ofthe material sources of different material sources in the total dynamic reserves; (3) determining the importance level of a protected object, and determining a debris flow disaster risk control period and a treatment target in combination with the evolution stage of debris flow; (4) determining a debris flow treatment method according to the debris flow disaster characteristics and the treatmenttarget; and (5) determining distribution of a temporary engineering disaster prevention function FL and a permanent engineering disaster prevention function F[gamma] according to a debris flow treatment method, and selecting permanent engineering and temporary engineering types. According to the method, the disaster evolution stage and the risk prevention and control level are comprehensively considered, and a permanent and temporary engineering optimal configuration multi-stage implementation method is adopted.

The invention relates to a model experiment apparatus for simulating ground long-term settlement due to overlapped tunnel operation in a high compact district under earthquake-rainfall effects, and belongs to the technical field of city underground engineering disaster prevention and disaster mitigation as well as ground settlement geological disaster. The model experiment apparatus comprises thefollowing components: a rainfall simulation system, an earthquake simulation system, a combined module system, an earth surface compact building system, soft soil, a lonestone group, a sensing system,a tunnel system, a conduction system, a vehicle vibration system, and a central control system. The apparatus can simulate influences due to long-term settlement of ground under extreme rainfall environment, earthquake disaster environment, and effects of rainfall environment, earthquake environment, and combination environments of rainfall and earthquake; the apparatus can simulate influences ofvehicle load vibration coupling effects at any positions during subway operation in a city high compact district on soil long-term settlement, and the apparatus has the characteristics of high environment simulation fidelity and experiment repeatability; the experiment is not limited by extreme environment, and has the characteristics of reliable data and high operationality.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional physical model test monitoring device for controlling geological engineering disasters. The three-dimensional physical model test monitoring device comprises a monitor arranged in a monitoring model, wherein the monitor is used for guiding acquired data signals into a data information processing system by a data line; the data information processing system is used for processing and feeding data analysis, converting the data into electric signals and transmitting the electric signals into a four-dimensional entity display operated by a single chip microcomputer. The three-dimensional physical model test monitoring device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that since multi-physical-field data information of the underground environment can be monitorred in real time, and can be visually expressed on the four-dimensional display, the diffusion rule of slurry in a three-dimensional rock body is revealed, the mutual action mechanism of the slurry and the rock body are studied, and the study on the key technology of controlling the slurry injection in water burst and mud burst disasters of underground engineering is pushed, so that the slurry injection process is optimized, and the occurrence of disaster accidents such as water burst and mud burst is effectively controlled.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel and underground engineering disaster treatment, and particularly relates to a Karst tunnel operation period base plate separation layer rotary spraying grouting technology and a grouting device. The technology comprises the following steps: A, physical exploration of a separation layer of a base plate: determining the depth, the spatial rangeand the characteristics of the separation layer, and providing a decision basis for the design of a grouting treatment scheme; B, treatment scheme design: determining a treatment area, and completingscheme design, including slurry parameters, grouting parameters and drilling parameters; C, drilling construction: designing and arranging hole sites on site according to the scheme; and D, grouting reinforcement of the separation layer of the base plate: lowering the nozzle end of a separation layer plate rotary spraying grouting device into a drill hole, enabling a rotary sprayer to be located at the depth of the separation layer, and then conducting rotary spraying grouting on broken surrounding rock and holes in the separation layer. By means of the method, directional quick-setting grouting can be conducted on the position of the separation layer, circular diffusion is even, the reinforcing effect is better, and the method is not affected by the tunnel gradient and separation layer cavity water storage.

The invention provides a road trafficability evaluation method considering earthquake secondary fallen objects and fire disasters, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering disaster prevention and reduction. The method comprises the steps of determining firstly, the distribution range of building earthquake secondary fallen objects according to nonlinear time-history analysis and fallen object motion analysis, then simulating the fire spreading situation caused by a fired building through a secondary fire spreading model to obtain the influence range of a secondary fire; carrying out space-time evaluation on the influence of the secondary fallen objects and the secondary fire on the road to obtain an influence result of the single disaster type on the road; and finally, superposing the secondary falling objects and the fire influence, and giving a comprehensive road trafficability evaluation result. According to the method, the trafficability of the urban road network under earthquake secondary falling objects and fire disasters can be predicted, and a key decision basis is provided for pre-earthquake disaster prevention transformation and post-earthquake emergency rescue.

The invention relates to a prevention method for disasters caused by the "pot effect" of an airport runway. The method comprises the step of paving a drainage gas insulation layer on the position, below the depth corresponding to the dew-point temperature, of a road foundation. The purpose of gas insulation is to guarantee that condensate water near the road foundation only comes from a soil body above the dew-point line, to reduce the condensate water amount to keep the moisture content of the upper soil body basically constant, and the purpose of drainage is to drain water possibly existing on the upper soil body in time. By adopting the scheme, engineering disasters of frost boiling of the road foundation and the like caused by the "pot effect" can be effectively prevented.

The invention relates to a model experiment apparatus for simulating ground long-term settlement of dense building group districts influenced by karst cave-underground river-tunnel group operation, and belongs to the technical fields of city underground engineering disaster prevention and disaster mitigation as well as ground settlement geological disaster. The model experiment apparatus comprisesa multi-model combination system, a karst stratum system, a tunnel system, a ground dense building group, a city underground river water circulation system, a karst cave water circulation system, a data acquisition system, a shock excitation, and a control system. The apparatus simulates influences of vehicle vibration load on ground long-term settlement during common operation of road tunnel group and subway tunnel in the dense building group district, simulates influences of tunnel group operating vehicle vibration load on soil long-term settlement under effects of city underground rivers,and simulates influences of tunnel group operating vehicle vibration load on soil long-term settlement under effects of karst caves. The apparatus has the characteristics of high environment simulation fidelity, accurate experiment data, and low experiment cost, and can be used for all-weather observation of slow deformation process of ground long-term settlement.

The invention provides a slope space deformation and damage trend calculation method and system, and belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering disaster prevention and reduction, deformation monitoring and landslide risk analysis. The inclination and vibration monitoring data of the surface of the deformed slope body are applied; slope shape function fitting, deformation space interpolation,vibration source position searching, vibration energy inverse calculation and other modes are adopted, a slope space deformation analysis model and a slope damage searching model are established in combination with original topographic data of a slope body and position information of monitoring points, and accurate calculation of the slope space deformation and damage degree is achieved. The method can quickly and effectively calculate the spatial deformation state of the side slope and the high-danger-degree and easily-damaged area of the side slope, so that powerful support is provided forreducing secondary disasters caused by the side slope and protecting the life health of personnel, and reference is provided for comprehensive treatment of the side slope.

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering rock and soil body drilling and cutting and underground engineering disaster prevention and reduction, and provides a high-water-pressure telescopic composite drilling and cutting method for soft and hard formations. When the hard formation is drilled and cut, the pressure of high-pressure water gathered in a high-pressure water bin is applied to the spaces above corresponding linear partition plates inside an I-shaped pressurizer in a centralized mode and then transmitted to high-strength springs in a centralized mode, atthe moment, the high-strength springs are further compressed and deformed under the centralized pressure effect, thus various types of drilling and cutting tools at the bottom of an anti-abrasion shell are driven to rapidly drill and cut the hard formation, and meanwhile, rock debris in an inverted-cup-shaped mud discharging channel is discharged out of pipes through the high-pressure-resistant pipes; and on the contrary, during construction of the soft formation, the pressure of the water injected into the high-pressure water bin is reduced, and the water pressure of the high-pressure waterbin and the soil pressure of the soft soil formation are maintained at the same level. A device adopted in the high-water-pressure telescopic composite drilling and cutting method has the characteristics of drilling and cutting integration, uniform drilling and cutting force, low cost, high hole-forming precision and high drilling and cutting speed.

The invention provides a model test device for simulating the long-term land subsidence in a highly-dense area under a complex vibration environment, and belongs to the technical field of urban underground engineering disaster prevention and reduction and land subsidence geological disasters. The model test device for simulating the long-term land subsidence in a highly-dense area under a complexvibration environment includes a model box, a stratum system, a tunnel system, a high-speed railway roadbed system, a vibration excitation system, a sensing system, a ground dense building group, a high-speed rotating system, and a karst cave system. The device can simulate the long-term land subsidence caused by the joint vibration of subways and high-speed railways in a dense building group area, can accurately simulate the long-term land subsidence under the effect of high-speed rotating centrifugal force in a complex environment, can quantitatively monitor the influence of the reinforcement of existing karst caves over and under an operating tunnel on the long-term land subsidence, and is low in experimental cost and reliable in data.

The invention discloses an engineering risk monitoring system and method based on state transition. The system comprises an initial data processing module, a state transition visualization expression module, an image feature extraction module, an automatic learning module and an automatic image identification module, wherein the state transition visualization expression module is used for generating a state transition diagram of all states in an engineering according to data processed by the initial data processing module; the image feature extraction module is used for extracting set features from the state transition diagram; the automatic learning module is used for calculating ratio of each characteristic value to a historical average value and setting a threshold value according to the extracted features the diagram; the automatic image identification module is used for extracting setting feature of t he state transition diagram according to the image feature extraction module and judging whether the engineering is in a risk state or not according to the threshold value set by the automatic learning module. According to the system and the method provided by the invention, the problems of indeterminateness and uncertainty of underground engineering disasters can be effectively solved, and the risks of the engineering can be visually and automatically monitored, so that the intuition and intelligence are realized.

The invention relates to a multi-physics field monitoring data collaborative fusion engineering disaster early warning method and system, and belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering disaster prevention and control. The method comprises the steps that after multi-sensor real-time monitoring data of a potential dangerous part of an engineering structure is obtained and preprocessed, normalization processing is carried out on multi-physical field monitoring time sequence data, and a normalized sample matrix is constructed; analyzing the sensitivity of each physical field monitoring index to the engineering safety state by adopting a multivariate statistical method, and guiding the initialization training of the long short-term memory network according to the sensitivity to obtain an output result of the long short-term memory network; and taking an output result of the long-short-term memory network as evidence input, obtaining basic probability assignment of each early warning level after fusion according to an evidence theory fusion rule of Chebyshev distance improvement, and determining a disaster danger level of a potential danger part of the engineering structure by adopting a decision-making method of basic probability assignment. By adopting the method and the system, the early warning precision of engineering disasters can be improved.

The invention provides a GPU and distributed computing-based earthquake damage analysis method for a high-rise building group, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering disaster prevention and reduction. The method comprises two parts including GPU-based linear equation solving and a dynamic load balancing policy. The linear equation solving is a most time-consuming part in earthquake damage analysis. By utilizing a parallel computing advantage of a GPU, a GPU-based linear equation set solving algorithm is proposed for earthquake damage analysis of a single high-rise building, and algorithm development is performed by virtue of an open source earthquake damage analysis platform OpenSees to realize parallel acceleration of high-rise building individual analysis; and based on this, the dynamic load balancing policy suitable for the high-rise building group is proposed, different high-rise building individual computing tasks are reasonably allocated to different GPUs, and distributed computing of the high-rise building group is realized by utilizing a GPU cluster. 50 high-rise buildings are taken as objects, and the GPU-based distributed computing efficiency is improvedby 52 times in comparison with the single-machine efficiency. A high-performance computing means is provided for the earthquake damage analysis of the high-rise building group.

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering rock and soil body drilling, cutting and underground engineering disaster prevention and reduction, and provides a flank-vertical combined multi-dimensional freezing drilling and cutting device for soft and hard strata. A flank-vertical combined drilling and cutting mode is adopted, a stretchable arm is controlled to drive a high-strength drilling and cutting head to longitudinally drill and cut into a stratum until the longitudinal drilling and cutting is completed; a threaded drilling and cutting head and a pentagonal drilling and cutting head are respectively controlled to rotate to drill and cut the stratum through a drilling and cutting head control door; a core drilling and cutting head is driven to rotate to drill and cut into the stratum through an embedded type sliding connection between the outer side of a central rotary shaft and a high-strength hollow central framework, so that a multi-angle multi-toolcomposite drilling and cutting of the hard and soft strata is realized, the problem that holes are easy to deflect in the uneven hard and soft strata such as rock and soft soil during deep hole drilling and cutting construction is avoided, and the construction cost is saved; and in addition, a multi-dimensional multi-region freezing method is adopted in the uneven hard and soft strata with abundant water, so that 360-degree omnidirectional freezing in the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction of the deep hole drilling and cutting construction is realized, no collapse is ensured inthe deep hole drilling and cutting, the construction quality is reliable, and the construction safety is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a controllable air exhausting device for constructing a precast pile in a gas-containing soil layer and a construction method of the device. The device comprises the precast hollow pile, and a closed-opening pile tip is arranged at the bottom of the precast hollow pile; the air exhausting device is arranged at the front end of the closed-opening pile tip and can prevent engineering disasters caused by gas eruption in the gas-containing soil layer, and therefore personal and property losses are reduced; and pile end and pile side soil bearing carrying capacity within the gas-containing soil layer range can be improved, and settlement deformation of a pile foundation obtained after construction is reduced. The construction method of the device is easy and convenient to operate.

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering rock and soil drilling and cutting and underground engineering disaster prevention and mitigation, and provides a lateral-vertical combined multi-dimensional freeze drilling and cutting method for soft-hard strata. A lateral-vertical combined drilling and cutting approach is adopted. Telescopic arms are controlled to drive high-strength drilling and cutting heads to drill and cut a stratum longitudinally to extend into the stratum until longitudinal drilling and cutting is completed. Drilling and cutting head control gatesrespectively make threaded drilling and cutting heads and pentagonal drilling and cutting heads drill and cut the stratum rotationally. A core drilling and cutting head is driven to carry out rotarydrilling and cutting and go into the stratum through the embedded sliding connection between the outer side of a central rotating shaft and a high-strength hollow center skeleton. Therefore, multi-angle and multi-tool compound drilling and cutting of a soft-hard stratum is realized, the problem that the hole deviates easily in deep-hole drilling and cutting construction in soft-hard heterogeneousstratums such as a rock and soft soil stratum is avoided, and the construction cost is saved. A multi-dimension and multi-area freezing method is adopted in a water-rich soft-hard heterogeneous stratum to realize longitudinal and vertical 360-degree all-round freezing in deep-hole drilling and cutting construction. Therefore, there is no collapse in deep-hole drilling and cutting, the constructionquality is reliable, and the construction safety is guaranteed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of surrounding rock deformation monitoring and deep underground engineering disaster prevention and reduction in deep underground engineering, particularlyto a deep chamber roof deformation monitoring method integrated with detection, ranging and imaging. The method adopts the upper and lower layered lasers to emit laser to collect the settlement deformation of the deep chamber roof and the uplift of the bottom plate so as to achieve the synchronous collection of deformation data of the top plate and the bottom plate, the data accuracy is high, theequipment performance is reliable, and the cost is low; upper and lower dual-layer focusing mini-type lenses are employed to collect the deformation areas of the image information of the top plate and the bottom plate of the deep chamber to achieve the synchronous collection of the image information of the deformation areas of the top plate and the bottom plate of the deep chamber and regeneratethe deformation amount of the top plate and the bottom plate of the deep chamber, the data accuracy is high, and the device performance is reliable; and upper and lower dual-layer depth detection heads stretch into the separation layers of the top plate and the bottom plate to achieve the real-time collection of the information of the separation layers of the deformation area of the top plate andthe bottom plate of the deep chamber to accurately obtain thickness information of the separation layers and ensure the reliability of the stability assessment of the top plate and the bottom plate ofthe deep chamber.

The invention provides a large-span underground engineering structure ceiling outer hanging type fireproof plate and an installing method thereof, and belongs to the field of underground engineering disaster prevention. The outer hanging type fireproof plate comprises a fireproof plate layer, inter-plate connecting pieces, an installing hanging frame, a building ceiling and an air heat preservation partition layer. The fireproof plate layer comprises a rock wool plate layer, a fiber plate layer and a fireproof rubber plate layer. The fireproof plate layer is connected with the building ceilingthrough the installing hanging frame, the lower portion of the installing hanging frame is embedded in the fireproof plate layer, and the installing hanging frame and the fireproof plate layer are sequentially connected and fixed in a segmented manner. The air heat preservation partition layer on the inner side of the outer hanging type fireproof plate is cut off through a fireproof plate hangingframe body into small partition layer branch cavities, the convection phenomenon caused by heated air during the fire disaster is prevented, and damage to the underground engineering structure ceiling from the fire disaster is effectively reduced.