Compositions, kits, methods and uses for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing and / or treating

Abstract

This specification discloses a composition, which comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, or any combination thereof. This specification also discloses a kit, which comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: one or more containers containing the composition disclosed herein or components that make up such a composition, and methods and uses of such a composition and kit.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 977,095, filed on February 14, 2020, and the filing date of this U.S. Provisional Patent Application is claimed under 35 U.S.C.§119(e). The content of this U.S. Provisional Patent Application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] In the United States, approximately 46.5 million surgical procedures and even more invasive medical procedures are performed each year, including approximately 5 million gastrointestinal endoscopies. Each procedure involves contact of a medical device with the sterile tissue or mucosa of a patient. The major risk of all such procedures is the introduction of pathogens that can cause infection. Failure to properly clean, disinfect, and / or sterilize medical devices can expose patients to body fluid and tissue contaminants from previous patients, which can lead to person-to-person or environmental transmission of pathogens and infect large numbers of people.

[0003] Sterilization of medical devices is preferred because the process destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life. However, the high temperatures and pressures used in sterilization processes are not suitable for heat-sensitive medical devices. Such heat-sensitive devices must be cleaned using a disinfection process. However, one problem associated with currently used disinfection processes is that the type and amount of disinfectant used are destructive to medical devices. This reduces the overall service life of medical devices, ultimately resulting in increased medical costs due to the need to replace medical devices with new ones more quickly. In addition, in view of recent infection outbreaks due to contaminated medical devices, there is a need for disinfection methods that are better than currently available methods.

[0004] This specification discloses disinfection compositions, methods, and uses that provide excellent cleaning and disinfection of contaminated hard surfaces / biofilms and / or medical devices, including heat-sensitive medical devices and devices classified as critical items, semi-critical items, or non-critical items. At the same time, the disclosed disinfection compositions, methods, and uses are not as harsh as conventional compositions, methods, and uses, which results in a longer service life of hard surfaces and / or medical devices.

[0005] In addition, there is an urgent need for cleaning and disinfecting wounds, whether through surgical procedures or due to injury. This specification also discloses disinfectant compositions, methods, and uses that provide excellent cleaning and disinfection of tissues and body cavities, such as, for example, excellent cleaning and disinfection in wound care, preoperative preparation, and surgery, excellent cleaning and disinfection of the skin surface in dermatological applications, excellent cleaning and disinfection of internal or external body cavities including the peritoneum, respiratory tract, vagina, bladder, and nasal cavity in cleaning and disinfection applications, and excellent cleaning and disinfection of the eye in ophthalmic applications. This specification also discloses compositions, methods, and uses for treating an individual.

[0006] Overview

[0007] Aspects of this specification disclose a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and one or more metal particles. The compositions disclosed herein may also comprise one or more metal salts and / or a phosphate buffer such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0008] Other aspects of this specification disclose a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and one or more metal salts. The compositions disclosed herein may also comprise one or more metal particles and / or a phosphate buffer such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0009] Other aspects of this specification disclose a kit comprising one or more containers containing the compositions disclosed herein and / or one or more containers containing the components of the compositions disclosed herein. The disclosed kit also comprises one or more delivery systems or application systems, and / or instructions for use, and / or containers.

[0010] Other aspects of this specification disclose a method of cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a device. The disclosed method comprises applying the composition disclosed herein to the device, wherein the application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the device. The disclosed method may also comprise rinsing the cleaned, disinfected, and / or sterilized device with the rinse solution disclosed herein. In other aspects of this specification, the compositions disclosed herein are disclosed for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a device. In other aspects of this specification, the use of the disclosed compositions for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a device is disclosed.

[0011] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a surface area. The disclosed method includes applying the composition disclosed herein to the surface area, wherein the application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the surface area. The disclosed method may also include rinsing the cleaned, disinfected, and / or sterilized surface area with the rinsing solution disclosed herein. In other aspects of the present specification, the composition disclosed herein is disclosed for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a surface area. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a surface area is disclosed.

[0012] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound of an individual. The disclosed method includes applying the composition disclosed herein to the individual, wherein the application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the wound. In other aspects of the present specification, the composition disclosed herein is disclosed for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound of an individual. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound of an individual is disclosed. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing a wound of an individual is disclosed.

[0013] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection of an individual. The disclosed method includes applying the composition disclosed herein to the individual, wherein the application of the composition cleans, disinfects, and / or sterilizes the infection. In other aspects of the present specification, the composition disclosed herein is disclosed for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection of an individual. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection of an individual is disclosed. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament for cleaning, disinfecting, and / or sterilizing an infection of an individual is disclosed. The infection can be a microbial infection.

[0014] Other aspects of the present specification disclose a method for treating a wound of an individual. The disclosed method includes applying the composition disclosed herein to the individual, wherein the application of the composition promotes the healing of the wound. In other aspects of the present specification, the composition disclosed herein is disclosed for treating a wound of an individual. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition for treating a wound of an individual is disclosed. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a wound of an individual is disclosed.

[0015] Details

[0016] The compositions disclosed herein have increased stability and potency due to the protection of hypochlorous acid. In part, the compositions can protect hypochlorous acid from exposure to harmful agents, including, for example, organic compounds, reactive compounds, positively charged molecules, or other compounds that promote or contribute to the degradation of hypochlorous acid. For example, the disclosed compositions are stable in serum and in plastic packaging materials. In addition, a synergistic effect on potency is observed when hypochlorous acid is protected from such exposure. This significantly improved potency allows for the use of a smaller amount of hypochlorous acid in the disclosed compositions. Since hypochlorous acid concentrations above 350 ppm, particularly above 500 ppm, cause instability, the smaller amount of hypochlorous acid used in the disclosed compositions further increases the stability of the compositions. Accordingly, the compositions disclosed herein are considered alternatives to any and all existing hypochlorous acid compositions currently on the market or under development. Uses include cleaning / disinfecting tissue in wound care and surgery, cleaning / disinfecting skin in dermatological applications, cleaning / disinfecting the eye in ophthalmic applications, cleaning / disinfecting contaminated hard surfaces / biofilms, and cleaning / disinfecting contaminated medical devices.

[0017] The stability of the compositions disclosed herein can be due to the positively charged atoms of the metal particles, metal salts, and / or phosphate buffers such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate disclosed herein. Such compounds appear to form strong ionic interactions with the negatively charged (OCl-), and the resulting complex retains its stability over time compared to hypochlorous acid alone, which is a weaker complex in solution compared to the compositions disclosed herein. For example, in the presence of copper chloride, hypochlorous acid forms copper hypochlorite and HCl, and in the presence of zinc chloride, hypochlorous acid forms zinc hypochlorite and HCl. By replacing sodium hydroxide with calcium oxide, a less basic solution is formed because in the presence of hypochlorous acid, calcium oxide forms calcium hypochlorite and water. The reduced level of base enhances the stability of copper hypochlorite and zinc hypochlorite because there is less base available to react with the zinc and copper ions, thus maintaining the stability of copper hypochlorite and zinc hypochlorite. Additionally, the use of 500 ppm or less, particularly 350 ppm or less, of hypochlorous acid further increases the stability of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0018] The improved potency of the compositions disclosed herein can be due in part to the formation of chemical bonds between the metal particles, metal salts, and / or phosphate buffers such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate disclosed herein and the substrate, thus providing long-term activity in combination with free OCl(-) that has its own antimicrobial activity.

[0019] The compositions disclosed herein may contain hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid with the chemical formula HOCl, and its molecular formula is written as HClO. As shown in Formula I, hypochlorous acid is a simple molecule in which the central oxygen is connected to a chlorine atom and a hydrogen atom by single bonds and has a molar mass of 52.46 g / mol.

[0020]

[0021] Hypochlorous acid is a colorless solution, and its exact physical properties are variable depending on the concentration of hypochlorous acid in the solution. Hypochlorous acid reacts with bases to form salts called hypochlorites. For example, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the active ingredient in bleach, is formed by reacting hypochlorous acid with sodium hydroxide. Hypochlorous acid also readily reacts with a variety of organic and biomolecules.

[0022] Hypochlorous acid solutions can be produced, for example, by dissolving chlorine in water, hydrolysis of chlorine gas, electrolysis of salt solutions, or acidification of hypochlorites. For example, stable hypochlorites, such as alkali metal hypochlorites like sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and magnesium hypochlorite, can be obtained by dissolving chlorine gas into aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, lithium hydroxide solution, or magnesium hydroxide solution. Hypochlorous acid can also be prepared by dissolving dichlorine monoxide in water. As another example, hypochlorous acid can also be produced by electrochemically treating a brine solution. In one method, an electric current is applied to a one-compartment cell, a two-compartment cell, or a three-compartment cell including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a central brine solution chamber, with the central brine solution chamber placed between the other two chambers, where each chamber is separated by a semipermeable membrane. During electrolysis, sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates into negatively charged chloride ions (Cl - ) and positively charged sodium (Na + ). At the same time, water dissociates into hydroxide (OH - ) and forms hydrogen (H + ) ions. The negatively charged chloride ions (Cl - ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ) move to the anode to lose electrons and form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl -) and oxygen (O2) and chlorine (Cl2). Then, the reducing water containing hypochlorous acid is dispensed into a collection chamber for subsequent use. Methods for generating hypochlorous acid are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,914,397, 4,190,638, 4,908,215, 5,322,677, 6,426,066, 7,323,118, 8,062,500, 8,945,630, 9,168,318, and 9,486,479, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0023] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of hypochlorous acid that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount such as: for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 1,025 ppm, 1,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1,100 ppm, 1,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm or 2,000 ppm.In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in the following amounts: for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm or at least 2,000 ppm.In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in the following amounts: for example, up to 0.05 ppm, up to 0.10 ppm, up to 0.20 ppm, up to 0.30 ppm, up to 0.40 ppm, up to 0.50 ppm, up to 0.60 ppm, up to 0.70 ppm, up to 0.80 ppm, up to 0.90 ppm, up to 1 ppm, up to 10 ppm, up to 20 ppm, up to 30 ppm, up to 40 ppm, up to 50 ppm, up to 60 ppm, up to 70 ppm, up to 80 ppm, up to 90 ppm, up to 100 ppm, up to 125 ppm, up to 150 ppm, up to 175 ppm, up to 200 ppm, up to 225 ppm, up to 250 ppm, up to 275 ppm, up to 300 ppm, up to 325 ppm, up to 350 ppm, up to 375 ppm, up to 400 ppm, up to 425 ppm, up to 450 ppm, up to 475 ppm, up to 500 ppm, up to 525 ppm, up to 550 ppm, up to 575 ppm, up to 600 ppm, up to 625 ppm, up to 650 ppm, up to 675 ppm, up to 700 ppm, up to 725 ppm, up to 750 ppm, up to 775 ppm, up to 800 ppm, up to 825 ppm, up to 850 ppm, up to 875 ppm, up to 900 ppm, up to 925 ppm, up to 950 ppm, up to 975 ppm, up to 1,000 ppm, up to 1,025 ppm, up to 1,050 ppm, up to 1075 ppm, up to 1,100 ppm, up to 1,125 ppm, up to 1,150 ppm, up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0024] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in the following amounts: for example, from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0025] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in the following amounts: for example, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm,from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm or from about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0026] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in the following amounts: for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.,

[0027] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in an amount, for example, of about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in an amount, for example, of at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in an amount, for example, of at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hypochlorous acid in an amount, for example, of from about 0.10% to about 0.15%, from about 0.10% to about 0.20%, from about 0.10% to about 0.25%, from about 0.10% to about 0.30%, from about 0.10% to about 0.35%, from about 0.10% to about 0.40%, from about 0.10% to about 0.45%, from about 0.10% to about 0.50%, from about 0.20% to about 0.25%, from about 0.20% to about 0.30%, from about 0.20% to about 0.35%, from about 0.20% to about 0.40%, from about 0.20% to about 0.45%, from about 0.20% to about 0.50%, from about 0.30% to about 0.35%, from about 0.30% to about 0.40%, from about 0.30% to about 0.45%, from about 0.30% to about 0.50%, from about 0.40% to about 0.45%, or from about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0028] The concentration of hypochlorous acid in solution can be described as free available chlorine in parts per million. Hypochlorous acid is in equilibrium with hypochlorite ion (OCl -) and the equilibrium of dissolved chlorine (Cl2). The degree of equilibrium is mainly determined by the salt concentration and pH of the solution. Temperature also affects the ratio of free chlorine components. Therefore, it is necessary to know both FAC and pH to understand the amount of chlorine present as hypochlorous acid. Generally, when the pH range is from about 4.0 to about 5.6, about 100% of the available chlorine exists as HOCl. As the pH decreases below about 4, there is an increase in dissolved chlorine (Cl2). Thus, at a pH of about 3, about 90% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 2, about 75% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 1.5, about 50% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid, and at a pH of about 1, about 25% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid. As the pH increases above about 5.6, there is an increase in hypochlorite ions (OCl - ). Thus, at a pH of about 6.5, about 90% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7, about 75% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7.5, about 50% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid, and at a pH of about 8, about 25% of the available chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid.

[0029] The amount of chlorine can be measured by methods known in the art, such as the DPD colorimeter method (Lamotte Company, Chestertown, Md.), UV spectrophotometry, or other known methods established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the DPD colorimeter method, a yellow color is formed by the reaction of free chlorine with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), and the intensity is measured using a calibrated colorimeter that provides an output in parts per million. Additionally, the addition of potassium iodide converts the solution to a pink color to provide the total chlorine value.

[0030] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of free available chlorine that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free available chlorine in an amount such as: for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 1,025 ppm, 1,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1,100 ppm, 1,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm or 2,000 ppm.In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in the following amounts: for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm or at least 2,000 ppm.In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in amounts such as up to 0.05 ppm, up to 0.10 ppm, up to 0.20 ppm, up to 0.30 ppm, up to 0.40 ppm, up to 0.50 ppm, up to 0.60 ppm, up to 0.70 ppm, up to 0.80 ppm, up to 0.90 ppm, up to 1 ppm, up to 10 ppm, up to 20 ppm, up to 30 ppm, up to 40 ppm, up to 50 ppm, up to 60 ppm, up to 70 ppm, up to 80 ppm, up to 90 ppm, up to 100 ppm, up to 125 ppm, up to 150 ppm, up to 175 ppm, up to 200 ppm, up to 225 ppm, up to 250 ppm, up to 275 ppm, up to 300 ppm, up to 325 ppm, up to 350 ppm, up to 375 ppm, up to 400 ppm, up to 425 ppm, up to 450 ppm, up to 475 ppm, up to 500 ppm, up to 525 ppm, up to 550 ppm, up to 575 ppm, up to 600 ppm, up to 625 ppm, up to 650 ppm, up to 675 ppm, up to 700 ppm, up to 725 ppm, up to 750 ppm, up to 775 ppm, up to 800 ppm, up to 825 ppm, up to 850 ppm, up to 875 ppm, up to 900 ppm, up to 925 ppm, up to 950 ppm, up to 975 ppm, up to 1,000 ppm, up to 1,025 ppm, up to 1,050 ppm, up to 1075 ppm, up to 1,100 ppm, up to 1,125 ppm, up to 1,150 ppm, up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0031] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in an amount, for example, from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.from about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm or from about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0032] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in amounts such as from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm,from about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm or from about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0033] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in the following amounts: for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,from 200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or from about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.,

[0034] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in amounts such as about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45% or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in amounts such as at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45% or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in amounts such as at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45% or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in amounts such as from about 0.10% to about 0.15%, from about 0.10% to about 0.20%, from about 0.10% to about 0.25%, from about 0.10% to about 0.30%, from about 0.10% to about 0.35%, from about 0.10% to about 0.40%, from about 0.10% to about 0.45%, from about 0.10% to about 0.50%, from about 0.20% to about 0.25%, from about 0.20% to about 0.30%, from about 0.20% to about 0.35%, from about 0.20% to about 0.40%, from about 0.20% to about 0.45%, from about 0.20% to about 0.50%, from about 0.30% to about 0.35%, from about 0.30% to about 0.40%, from about 0.30% to about 0.45%, from about 0.30% to about 0.50%, from about 0.40% to about 0.45% or from about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0035] The compositions disclosed herein may comprise metal particles. The metal particles may comprise a single element such as, for example, copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc, or may be mixed metal particles comprising multiple combinations of different elements, such as, for example, multiple combinations of two or more of the following: copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc. Non-limiting examples of the metal particles include copper particles, iron particles, potassium particles, silver particles, titanium particles, and zinc particles. Other non-limiting examples of the metal particles include metal acetate particles, metal chloride particles, metal nitrate particles, or metal oxide particles. The metal acetate particles include, but are not limited to, copper acetate, iron acetate such as iron(II) acetate and iron(III) acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, zinc acetate, or any combination thereof. The metal nitrate particles include, but are not limited to, copper nitrate, iron nitrate such as iron(II) nitrate, iron(III) nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, zinc nitrate, or any combination thereof. The metal chloride particles include, but are not limited to, copper chloride, iron chloride such as iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, zinc chloride, or any combination thereof. The metal oxide particles include, but are not limited to, copper oxide particles, iron oxide particles such as iron(II) oxide particles, iron(III) oxide particles, silver oxide particles, titanium dioxide particles, zinc oxide particles, copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof.

[0036] The metal particles include nanoparticles and microparticles. The nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 1,000 nm. The microparticles have an average diameter of about 1 μm to about 1,000 μm.

[0037] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of metal particles that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in the following amounts: for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 1,025 ppm, 1,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1,100 ppm, 1,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm or 2,000 ppm.In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm or at least 2,000 ppm.In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in amounts such as up to 0.05 ppm, up to 0.10 ppm, up to 0.20 ppm, up to 0.30 ppm, up to 0.40 ppm, up to 0.50 ppm, up to 0.60 ppm, up to 0.70 ppm, up to 0.80 ppm, up to 0.90 ppm, up to 1 ppm, up to 10 ppm, up to 20 ppm, up to 30 ppm, up to 40 ppm, up to 50 ppm, up to 60 ppm, up to 70 ppm, up to 80 ppm, up to 90 ppm, up to 100 ppm, up to 125 ppm, up to 150 ppm, up to 175 ppm, up to 200 ppm, up to 225 ppm, up to 250 ppm, up to 275 ppm, up to 300 ppm, up to 325 ppm, up to 350 ppm, up to 375 ppm, up to 400 ppm, up to 425 ppm, up to 450 ppm, up to 475 ppm, up to 500 ppm, up to 525 ppm, up to 550 ppm, up to 575 ppm, up to 600 ppm, up to 625 ppm, up to 650 ppm, up to 675 ppm, up to 700 ppm, up to 725 ppm, up to 750 ppm, up to 775 ppm, up to 800 ppm, up to 825 ppm, up to 850 ppm, up to 875 ppm, up to 900 ppm, up to 925 ppm, up to 950 ppm, up to 975 ppm, up to 1,000 ppm, up to 1,025 ppm, up to 1,050 ppm, up to 1075 ppm, up to 1,100 ppm, up to 1,125 ppm, up to 1,150 ppm, up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0038] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in amounts such as from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.from 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm or from about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0039] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm,from about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppmfrom about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm or from about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0040] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.,

[0041] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in the following amounts: for example, 0.05 mg / L, 0.10 mg / L, 0.15 mg / L, 0.20 mg / L, 0.25 mg / L, 0.30 mg / L, 0.35 mg / L, 0.40 mg / L, 0.45 mg / L, 0.50 mg / L, 0.55 mg / L, 0.60 mg / L, 0.65 mg / L, 0.70 mg / L, 0.75 mg / L, 0.80 mg / L, 0.85 mg / L, 0.90 mg / L, 0.95 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 10 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 20 mg / L, 25 mg / L, 30 mg / L, 35 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 45 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 55 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 65 mg / L, 70 mg / L, 75 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 85 mg / L, 90 mg / L, 95 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 125 mg / L, 150 mg / L, 175 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 225 mg / L, 250 mg / L, 275 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 325 mg / L, 350 mg / L, 375 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 425 mg / L, 450 mg / L, 475 mg / L, 500 mg / L, 525 mg / L, 550 mg / L, 575 mg / L, 600 mg / L, 625 mg / L, 650 mg / L, 675 mg / L, 700 mg / L, 725 mg / L, 750 mg / L, 775 mg / L, 800 mg / L, 825 mg / L, 850 mg / L, 875 mg / L, 900 mg / L, 925 mg / L, 950 mg / L, 975 mg / L, 1,000 mg / L, 1,025 mg / L, 1,050 mg / L, 1075 mg / L, 1,100 mg / L, 1,125 mg / L, 1,150 mg / L, 1,175 mg / L, 1,200 mg / L, 1,225 mg / L, 1,250 mg / L, 1,275 mg / L, 1,300 mg / L, 1,325 mg / L, 1,350 mg / L, 1,375 mg / L, 1,400 mg / L, 1,425 mg / L, 1,450 mg / L, 1,475 mg / L, 1,500 mg / L, 1,600 mg / L, 1,700 mg / L, 1,800 mg / L, 1,900 mg / L or 2,000 mg / L.In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, at least 0.05 mg / L, at least 0.10 mg / L, at least 0.20 mg / L, at least 0.30 mg / L, at least 0.40 mg / L, at least 0.50 mg / L, at least 0.60 mg / L, at least 0.70 mg / L, at least 0.80 mg / L, at least 0.90 mg / L, at least 1 mg / L, at least 10 mg / L, at least 20 mg / L, at least 30 mg / L, at least 40 mg / L, at least 50 mg / L, at least 60 mg / L, at least 70 mg / L, at least 80 mg / L, at least 90 mg / L, at least 100 mg / L, at least 125 mg / L, at least 150 mg / L, at least 175 mg / L, at least 200 mg / L, at least 225 mg / L, at least 250 mg / L, at least 275 mg / L, at least 300 mg / L, at least 325 mg / L, at least 350 mg / L, at least 375 mg / L, at least 400 mg / L, at least 425 mg / L, at least 450 mg / L, at least 475 mg / L, at least 500 mg / L, at least 525 mg / L, at least 550 mg / L, at least 575 mg / L, at least 600 mg / L, at least 625 mg / L, at least 650 mg / L, at least 675 mg / L, at least 700 mg / L, at least 725 mg / L, at least 750 mg / L, at least 775 mg / L, at least 800 mg / L, at least 825 mg / L, at least 850 mg / L, at least 875 mg / L, at least 900 mg / L, at least 925 mg / L, at least 950 mg / L, at least 975 mg / L, at least 1,000 mg / L, at least 1,025 mg / L, at least 1,050 mg / L, at least 1075 mg / L, at least 1,100 mg / L, at least 1,125 mg / L, at least 1,150 mg / L, at least 1,175 mg / L, at least 1,200 mg / L, at least 1,225 mg / L, at least 1,250 mg / L, at least 1,275 mg / L, at least 1,300 mg / L, at least 1,325 mg / L, at least 1,350 mg / L, at least 1,375 mg / L, at least 1,400 mg / L, at least 1,425 mg / L, at least 1,450 mg / L, at least 1,475 mg / L, at least 1,500 mg / L, at least 1,600 mg / L, at least 1,700 mg / L, at least 1,800 mg / L, at least 1,900 mg / L or at least 2,000 mg / L.In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in an amount of, for example, up to 0.05 mg / L, up to 0.10 mg / L, up to 0.20 mg / L, up to 0.30 mg / L, up to 0.40 mg / L, up to 0.50 mg / L, up to 0.60 mg / L, up to 0.70 mg / L, up to 0.80 mg / L, up to 0.90 mg / L, up to 1 mg / L, up to 10 mg / L, up to 20 mg / L, up to 30 mg / L, up to 40 mg / L, up to 50 mg / L, up to 60 mg / L, up to 70 mg / L, up to 80 mg / L, up to 90 mg / L, up to 100 mg / L, up to 125 mg / L, up to 150 mg / L, up to 175 mg / L, up to 200 mg / L, up to 225 mg / L, up to 250 mg / L, up to 275 mg / L, up to 300 mg / L, up to 325 mg / L, up to 350 mg / L, up to 375 mg / L, up to 400 mg / L, up to 425 mg / L, up to 450 mg / L, up to 475 mg / L, up to 500 mg / L, up to 525 mg / L, up to 550 mg / L, up to 575 mg / L, up to 600 mg / L, up to 625 mg / L, up to 650 mg / L, up to 675 mg / L, up to 700 mg / L, up to 725 mg / L, up to 750 mg / L, up to 775 mg / L, up to 800 mg / L, up to 825 mg / L, up to 850 mg / L, up to 875 mg / L, up to 900 mg / L, up to 925 mg / L, up to 950 mg / L, up to 975 mg / L, up to 1,000 mg / L, up to 1,025 mg / L, up to 1,050 mg / L, up to 1075 mg / L, up to 1,100 mg / L, up to 1,125 mg / L, up to 1,150 mg / L, up to 1,175 mg / L, up to 1,200 mg / L, up to 1,225 mg / L, up to 1,250 mg / L, up to 1,275 mg / L, up to 1,300 mg / L, up to 1,325 mg / L, up to 1,350 mg / L, up to 1,375 mg / L, up to 1,400 mg / L, up to 1,425 mg / L, up to 1,450 mg / L, up to 1,475 mg / L, up to 1,500 mg / L, up to 1,600 mg / L, up to 1,700 mg / L, up to 1,800 mg / L, up to 1,900 mg / L or up to 2,000 mg / L.

[0042] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 0.5 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 0.75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 95 mg / L or about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L.

[0043] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, from about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 10 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 25 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, about 50 mg / L to about 325 mg / L,from about 50 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 50 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 50 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 75 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 125 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 150 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 100 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 175 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 150 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 225 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 250 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 200 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 250 mg / L to about 275 mg / L, from about 250 mg / L to about 300 mg / L, from about 250 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 250 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 250 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 250 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, from about 300 mg / L to about 325 mg / L, from about 300 mg / L to about 350 mg / L, from about 300 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 300 mg / L to about 400 mg / L,From about 350 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, from about 350 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, or from about 375 mg / L to about 400 mg / L.

[0044] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal particles in the following amounts: for example, from about 400 mg / L to about 500 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 600 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 600 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 500 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 600 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,000 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,100 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,200 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,300 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,400 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, from about 1,400 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 1,400 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,400 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,400 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,400 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,500 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L, from about 1,500 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,500 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,500 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,500 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,700 mg / L, from about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,600 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,700 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, from about 1,700 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, from about 1,800 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, from about 1,800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, or from about 1,900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L.,

[0045] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in amounts such as, for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in amounts such as, for example, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in amounts such as, for example, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in amounts such as, for example, from about 0.10% to about 0.15%, from about 0.10% to about 0.20%, from about 0.10% to about 0.25%, from about 0.10% to about 0.30%, from about 0.10% to about 0.35%, from about 0.10% to about 0.40%, from about 0.10% to about 0.45%, from about 0.10% to about 0.50%, from about 0.20% to about 0.25%, from about 0.20% to about 0.30%, from about 0.20% to about 0.35%, from about 0.20% to about 0.40%, from about 0.20% to about 0.45%, from about 0.20% to about 0.50%, from about 0.30% to about 0.35%, from about 0.30% to about 0.40%, from about 0.30% to about 0.45%, from about 0.30% to about 0.50%, from about 0.40% to about 0.45%, or from about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0046] In an embodiment, the metal particles can have any size that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, about 10 nm, about 20 nm, about 30 nm, about 40 nm, about 50 nm, about 60 nm, about 70 nm, about 80 nm, about 90 nm, about 100 nm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at least 10 nm, at least 20 nm, at least 30 nm, at least 40 nm, at least 50 nm, at least 60 nm, at least 70 nm, at least 80 nm, at least 90 nm, at least 100 nm. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at most 10 nm, at most 20 nm, at most 30 nm, at most 40 nm, at most 50 nm, at most 60 nm, at most 70 nm, at most 80 nm, at most 90 nm, at most 100 nm. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, from about 10 nm to about 20 nm, from about 10 nm to about 30 nm, from about 10 nm to about 40 nm, from about 10 nm to about 50 nm, from about 10 nm to about 60 nm, from about 10 nm to about 70 nm, from about 10 nm to about 80 nm, from about 10 nm to about 90 nm, from about 10 nm to about 100 nm, from about 20 nm to about 30 nm, from about 20 nm to about 40 nm, from about 20 nm to about 50 nm, from about 20 nm to about 60 nm, from about 20 nm to about 70 nm, from about 20 nm to about 80 nm, from about 20 nm to about 90 nm, from about 20 nm to about 100 nm, from about 30 nm to about 40 nm, from about 30 nm to about 50 nm, from about 30 nm to about 60 nm, from about 30 nm to about 70 nm, from about 30 nm to about 80 nm, from about 30 nm to about 90 nm, from about 30 nm to about 100 nm, from about 40 nm to about 50 nm, from about 40 nm to about 60 nm, from about 40 nm to about 70 nm, from about 40 nm to about 80 nm, from about 40 nm to about 90 nm, from about 40 nm to about 100 nm, from about 50 nm to about 60 nm, from about 50 nm to about 70 nm, from about 50 nm to about 80 nm, from about 50 nm to about 90 nm, from about 50 nm to about 100 nm, from about 60 nm to about 70 nm, from about 60 nm to about 80 nm, from about 60 nm to about 90 nm, from about 60 nm to about 100 nm, from about 70 nm to about 80 nm, from about 70 nm to about 90 nm, from about 70 nm to about 100 nm, from about 80 nm to about 90 nm, from about 80 nm to about 100 nm, or from about 90 nm to about 100 nm.

[0047] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain metal particles.

[0048] The compositions disclosed herein may comprise metal salts. The metal salts disclosed herein may be alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, basic metal salts, or transition metal salts. Alkali metal salts include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, rubidium salts, cesium salts, and francium salts. Alkaline earth metal salts include beryllium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, strontium salts, barium salts, and radium salts. Basic metal salts include aluminum salts, gallium salts, indium salts, tin salts, thallium salts, lead salts, and bismuth salts. Transition metal salts include scandium salts, titanium salts, vanadium salts, chromium salts, manganese salts, iron salts, cobalt salts, palladium salts, silver salts, nickel salts, copper salts, zinc salts, and yttrium salts. Non-limiting examples of metal salts include calcium salts, copper salts, iron salts, potassium salts, silver salts, titanium salts, and zinc salts.

[0049] Other non-limiting examples of metal salts include metal acetates, metal chloride salts, metal nitrates, metal oxide salts, and metal sulfates. Metal acetates include, but are not limited to, calcium acetate, copper acetate, iron acetate such as iron(II) acetate and iron(III) acetate, potassium acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, and zinc acetate. Metal chloride salts include, but are not limited to, calcium chloride, copper chloride, iron chloride such as iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride, potassium chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, and zinc chloride. Metal nitrates include, but are not limited to, calcium nitrate, copper nitrate, iron nitrate such as iron(II) nitrate, iron(III) nitrate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Metal oxide salts include, but are not limited to, calcium oxide salts, copper oxide salts, iron oxide salts such as iron(II) oxide salts, iron(III) oxide salts, potassium oxide salts, silver oxide salts, titanium oxide salts, and zinc oxide salts. Metal sulfates include, but are not limited to, calcium sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate such as iron(II) sulfate, iron(III) sulfate, potassium sulfate, silver sulfate, titanium sulfate, and zinc sulfate.

[0050] In some embodiments, the composition may comprise calcium oxide obtained from an organic source such as the shells of marine organisms. In some embodiments, the composition may comprise calcium oxide obtained from an inorganic source such as by a synthetic chemical process.

[0051] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of a metal salt that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise the metal salt in an amount such as: for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 1,025 ppm, 1,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1,100 ppm, 1,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm or 2,000 ppm.In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a metal salt in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm or at least 2,000 ppm.In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain the metal salt in an amount of, for example, up to 0.05 ppm, up to 0.10 ppm, up to 0.20 ppm, up to 0.30 ppm, up to 0.40 ppm, up to 0.50 ppm, up to 0.60 ppm, up to 0.70 ppm, up to 0.80 ppm, up to 0.90 ppm, up to 1 ppm, up to 10 ppm, up to 20 ppm, up to 30 ppm, up to 40 ppm, up to 50 ppm, up to 60 ppm, up to 70 ppm, up to 80 ppm, up to 90 ppm, up to 100 ppm, up to 125 ppm, up to 150 ppm, up to 175 ppm, up to 200 ppm, up to 225 ppm, up to 250 ppm, up to 275 ppm, up to 300 ppm, up to 325 ppm, up to 350 ppm, up to 375 ppm, up to 400 ppm, up to 425 ppm, up to 450 ppm, up to 475 ppm, up to 500 ppm, up to 525 ppm, up to 550 ppm, up to 575 ppm, up to 600 ppm, up to 625 ppm, up to 650 ppm, up to 675 ppm, up to 700 ppm, up to 725 ppm, up to 750 ppm, up to 775 ppm, up to 800 ppm, up to 825 ppm, up to 850 ppm, up to 875 ppm, up to 900 ppm, up to 925 ppm, up to 950 ppm, up to 975 ppm, up to 1,000 ppm, up to 1,025 ppm, up to 1,050 ppm, up to 1075 ppm, up to 1,100 ppm, up to 1,125 ppm, up to 1,150 ppm, up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0052] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a metal salt in an amount such as from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0053] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal salts in the following amounts: for example, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm,from about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppmfrom about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm or from about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0054] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain metal salts in the following amounts: for example, from about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,200 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,from 200 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,300 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, from about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, from about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or from about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.,

[0055] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of, for example, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of, for example, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of, for example, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of, for example, from about 0.10% to about 0.15%, from about 0.10% to about 0.20%, from about 0.10% to about 0.25%, from about 0.10% to about 0.30%, from about 0.10% to about 0.35%, from about 0.10% to about 0.40%, from about 0.10% to about 0.45%, from about 0.10% to about 0.50%, from about 0.20% to about 0.25%, from about 0.20% to about 0.30%, from about 0.20% to about 0.35%, from about 0.20% to about 0.40%, from about 0.20% to about 0.45%, from about 0.20% to about 0.50%, from about 0.30% to about 0.35%, from about 0.30% to about 0.40%, from about 0.30% to about 0.45%, from about 0.30% to about 0.50%, from about 0.40% to about 0.45%, or from about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the composition.

[0056] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not comprise a metal salt.

[0057] The compositions disclosed herein can include a phosphate buffer. Phosphate buffers or phosphate buffer solutions are particularly sensitive to pH changes and can thus be used in biological applications. Phosphate buffers can accommodate a variety of pH levels, including isotonic. This wide range is due to phosphoric acid having three dissociation constants (pKa), allowing the formulation of buffers at each of the pH levels close to 2.15, 7.21, or 12.32. Monosodium phosphate and its conjugate base disodium phosphate are commonly used to produce a buffer with a pH of about 7. Non-limiting examples of phosphate buffers include calcium phosphate buffers and sodium phosphate buffers.

[0058] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of a phosphate buffer that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise the phosphate buffer in an amount such as: for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm, 55 ppm, 60 ppm, 65 ppm, 70 ppm, 75 ppm, 80 ppm, 85 ppm, 90 ppm, 95 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, 225 ppm, 250 ppm, 275 ppm, 300 ppm, 325 ppm, 350 ppm, 375 ppm, 400 ppm, 425 ppm, 450 ppm, 475 ppm, 500 ppm, 525 ppm, 550 ppm, 575 ppm, 600 ppm, 625 ppm, 650 ppm, 675 ppm, 700 ppm, 725 ppm, 750 ppm, 775 ppm, 800 ppm, 825 ppm, 850 ppm, 875 ppm, 900 ppm, 925 ppm, 950 ppm, 975 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 1,025 ppm, 1,050 ppm, 1075 ppm, 1,100 ppm, 1,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm or 2,000 ppm.In other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a phosphate buffer in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm or at least 2,000 ppm.In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a phosphate buffer in an amount of, for example, up to 0.05 ppm, up to 0.10 ppm, up to 0.20 ppm, up to 0.30 ppm, up to 0.40 ppm, up to 0.50 ppm, up to 0.60 ppm, up to 0.70 ppm, up to 0.80 ppm, up to 0.90 ppm, up to 1 ppm, up to 10 ppm, up to 20 ppm, up to 30 ppm, up to 40 ppm, up to 50 ppm, up to 60 ppm, up to 70 ppm, up to 80 ppm, up to 90 ppm, up to 100 ppm, up to 125 ppm, up to 150 ppm, up to 175 ppm, up to 200 ppm, up to 225 ppm, up to 250 ppm, up to 275 ppm, up to 300 ppm, up to 325 ppm, up to 350 ppm, up to 375 ppm, up to 400 ppm, up to 425 ppm, up to 450 ppm, up to 475 ppm, up to 500 ppm, up to 525 ppm, up to 550 ppm, up to 575 ppm, up to 600 ppm, up to 625 ppm, up to 650 ppm, up to 675 ppm, up to 700 ppm, up to 725 ppm, up to 750 ppm, up to 775 ppm, up to 800 ppm, up to 825 ppm, up to 850 ppm, up to 875 ppm, up to 900 ppm, up to 925 ppm, up to 950 ppm, up to 975 ppm, up to 1,000 ppm, up to 1,025 ppm, up to 1,050 ppm, up to 1075 ppm, up to 1,100 ppm, up to 1,125 ppm, up to 1,150 ppm, up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0059] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a phosphate buffer in an amount of, for example, from about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 0.from 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, from about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, from about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm or from about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0060] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain a phosphate buffer in the following amounts: for example, from about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 50 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 175 ppm,from about 75 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, from about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm or from about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0061] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain a phosphate buffer. In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain a calcium phosphate buffer. In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain a sodium phosphate buffer.

[0062] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain ozone. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain ozone.

[0063] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain hydrogen peroxide. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain hydrogen peroxide.

[0064] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds. In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain silicon quaternary compounds. In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds.

[0065] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain guanidine-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain biguanide. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain biguanide-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain biguanidine. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain biguanidine-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain triguanide. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain triguanide-containing compounds.

[0066] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain alcohols.

[0067] The compositions disclosed herein may contain a carrier. A carrier, also referred to as a vehicle, can be any material commonly known in the fields of skin care, cosmetics, and medicine that is used as a base to formulate the compositions disclosed herein. The carrier can be an aqueous carrier, a semi-solid carrier, or a solid carrier. The carrier can also provide skin care benefits as disclosed herein. Carriers include, but are not limited to, water, vegetable oils, mineral oils, ester oils, ethers, alcohols, fatty alcohols, isoparaffins, hydrocarbon oils, polyols, and waxes. Non-limiting examples of ester oils include octalpalmitate, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate. Non-limiting examples of ethers include diisooctyl ether and isosorbide dimethyl ether. Non-limiting examples of alcohols include ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Non-limiting examples of fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol. Non-limiting examples of isoparaffins include isooctane, isododecane (IDD), and isocetane. Non-limiting examples of hydrocarbon oils include mineral oil, petrolatum, isoeicosane, and polyolefins, which include (hydrogenated) polyisobutene. Non-limiting examples of polyols include propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and caprylyl glycol. Non-limiting examples of waxes include beeswax, carnauba wax, ozokerite, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, and vegetable waxes.

[0068] In one embodiment, a single carrier is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple carriers are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, one or more carriers, two or more carriers, three or more carriers, four or more carriers, or five or more carriers. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, only one carrier, at most two carriers, at most three carriers, at most four carriers, or at most five carriers. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, from 1 to 2 carriers, from 1 to 3 carriers, from 1 to 4 carriers, from 1 to 5 carriers, from 2 to 3 carriers, from 2 to 4 carriers, from 2 to 5 carriers, from 3 to 4 carriers, from 3 to 5 carriers, or from 4 to 5 carriers.

[0069] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of a carrier that provides a desired formulative effect or beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise the carrier in an amount of, for example, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise the carrier in an amount of, for example, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, at most 25%, at most 30%, at most 35%, at most 40%, at most 45%, at most 50%, at most 55%, at most 60%, at most 65%, at most 70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, at most 96%, at most 97%, at most 98% or at most 99% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise the carrier in an amount of, for example, from about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 50%, about 5% to about 75%, about 5% to about 90%, about 5% to about 95%, about 5% to about 96%, about 5% to about 97%, about 5% to about 98%, about 5% to about 99%, about 25% to about 50%, about 25% to about 75%, about 25% to about 90%, about 25% to about 95%, about 25% to about 96%, about 25% to about 97%, about 25% to about 98%, about 25% to about 99%, about 50% to about 75%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 50% to about 96%, about 50% to about 97%, about 50% to about 98%, about 50% to about 99%, about 75% to about 80%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 75% to about 96%, about 75% to about 97%, about 75% to about 98%, about 75% to about 99%, about 80% to about 85%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 96%, about 80% to about 97%, about 80% to about 98%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 90%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 96%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 98%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 96%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to about 99% or about 95% to about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0070] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a carrier that is not an alcohol. In aspects of this embodiment, when the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, then the compositions can comprise a carrier, wherein the carrier is not an alcohol.

[0071] The compositions disclosed herein can also optionally comprise additional ingredients. The additional ingredients are ingredients known to be useful in the compositions disclosed herein. The additional ingredients include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic clays, disinfectants, antiseptics, surfactants, preservatives, or chelating agents. The additional ingredients disclosed herein are known in the art.

[0072] A hydrophilic clay is a synthetic or naturally occurring smectic clay that forms a three-dimensional colloidal structure when hydrated, and forming the three-dimensional colloidal structure results in increased viscosity and improved suspension control of the composition. Hydrophilic clays include hydrous phyllosilicate clays. Hydrophilic clays can have thixotrophic properties. Non-limiting examples of hydrophilic clays include bentonite clay, hectorite clay, kaolinite clay, and silicate clay. Bentonite clay is a phyllosilicate clay and includes, but is not limited to, potassium bentonite clay, sodium bentonite clay, calcium bentonite clay, and aluminum bentonite clay. Hectorite clay is a phyllosilicate clay and includes, as product lines commercially available hectorite clays, including hectorite clay ( EW), hectorite clay ( MA), and hectorite clay with hydroxyethyl cellulose ( LT). Kaolinite clay is a phyllosilicate clay. Silicate clay is a synthetic phyllosilicate clay and includes, as product lines commercially available silicate clays, including lithium magnesium sodium silicate ( XLG), lithium magnesium sodium silicate with sodium pyrophosphate ( XLS), sodium magnesium fluorosilicate ( XL), and sodium magnesium fluorosilicate ( XL21).

[0073] In one embodiment, a single hydrophilic clay is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple hydrophilic clays are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one or more hydrophilic clays, two or more hydrophilic clays, three or more hydrophilic clays, four or more hydrophilic clays, or five or more hydrophilic clays. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, only one hydrophilic clay, at most two hydrophilic clays, at most three hydrophilic clays, at most four hydrophilic clays, or at most five hydrophilic clays. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, from 1 to 2 hydrophilic clays, from 1 to 3 hydrophilic clays, from 1 to 4 hydrophilic clays, from 1 to 5 hydrophilic clays, from 2 to 3 hydrophilic clays, from 2 to 4 hydrophilic clays, from 2 to 5 hydrophilic clays, from 3 to 4 hydrophilic clays, from 3 to 5 hydrophilic clays, or from 4 to 5 hydrophilic clays.

[0074] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include an amount of hydrophilic clay that provides a desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include hydrophilic clay in the following amounts: for example, 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include hydrophilic clay in the following amounts: for example, at least 0.01%, at least 0.025%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include hydrophilic clay in the following amounts: for example, at most 0.01%, at most 0.025%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.075%, at most 0.1%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.5%, at most 0.75%, at most 1%, at most 2%, at most 3%, at most 4%, at most 5%, at most 6%, at most 7%, at most 8%, at most 9%, or at most 10% by weight of the composition.

[0075] In still other aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain hydrophilic clay in an amount, for example, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, 0.01% to about 0.075%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.75%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 3%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 6%, about 0.1% to about 7%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 9%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.25% to about 0.5%, about 0.25% to about 0.75%, about 0.25% to about 1%, about 0.25% to about 2%, about 0.25% to about 3%, about 0.25% to about 4%, about 0.25% to about 5%, about 0.25% to about 6%, about 0.25% to about 7%, about 0.25% to about 8%, about 0.25% to about 9%, about 0.25% to about 10%, about 0.5% to about 0.75%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 2%, about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 4%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.5% to about 6%, about 0.5% to about 7%, about 0.5% to about 8%, about 0.5% to about 9%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 0.75% to about 1%, about 0.75% to about 2%, about 0.75% to about 3%, about 0.75% to about 4%, about 0.75% to about 5%, about 0.75% to about 6%, about 0.75% to about 7%, about 0.75% to about 8%, about 0.75% to about 9%, about 0.75% to about 10%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 3%, about 2% to about 4%, about 2% to about 5%, about 2% to about 6%, about 2% to about 7%, about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 9%, about 2% to about 10%, about 3% to about 4%, about 3% to about 5%, about 3% to about 6%, about 3% to about 7%, about 3% to about 8%, about 3% to about 9%, about 3% to about 10%, about 4% to about 5%, about 4% to about 6%, about 4% to about 7%, about 4% to about 8%, about 4% to about 9%, about 4% to about 10%, about 5% to about 6%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 10%, about 6% to about 7%, about 6% to about 8%, about 6% to about 9%, about 6% to about 10%, about 7% to about 8%, about 7% to about 9%, about 7% to about 10%, about 8% to about 9%, about 8% to about 10% or about 9% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0076] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of silicate clay that provides a desired benefit to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise silicate clay in an amount such as, for example, 0.001%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.0075%, 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise silicate clay in an amount such as, for example, at least 0.001%, at least 0.0025%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.0075%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.025%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9% or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise silicate clay in an amount such as, for example, at most 0.001%, at most 0.0025%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.0075%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.025%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.075%, at most 0.1%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.5%, at most 0.75%, at most 1%, at most 2%, at most 3%, at most 4%, at most 5%, at most 6%, at most 7%, at most 8%, at most 9% or at most 10% by weight of the composition.

[0077] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain silicate clay in an amount, for example, from about 0.001% to about 0.005%, 0.001% to about 0.0075%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.001% to about 0.05%, about 0.001% to about 0.075%, about 0.001% to about 0.1%, about 0.001% to about 0.25%, about 0.001% to about 0.5%, about 0.001% to about 0.75%, about 0.005% to about 0.0075%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.005% to about 0.075%, about 0.005% to about 0.1%, about 0.005% to about 0.25%, about 0.005% to about 0.5%, about 0.005% to about 0.75%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, 0.01% to about 0.075%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.75%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 3%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 6%, about 0.1% to about 7%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 9%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.25% to about 0.5%, about 0.25% to about 0.75%, about 0.25% to about 1%, about 0.25% to about 2%, about 0.25% to about 3%, about 0.25% to about 4%, about 0.25% to about 5%, about 0.25% to about 6%, about 0.25% to about 7%, about 0.25% to about 8%, about 0.25% to about 9%, about 0.25% to about 10%, about 0.5% to about 0.75%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 2%, about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 4%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.5% to about 6%, about 0.5% to about 7%, about 0.5% to about 8%, about 0.5% to about 9%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 0.75% to about 1%, about 0.75% to about 2%, about 0.75% to about 3%, about 0.75% to about 4%, about 0.75% to about 5%, about 0.75% to about 6%, about 0.75% to about 7%, about 0.75% to about 8%, about 0.75% to about 9%, about 0.75% to about 10%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 3%, about 2% to about 4%, about 2% to about 5%, about 2% to about 6%, about 2% to about 7%, about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 9%, about 2% to about 10%, about 3% to about 4%, about 3% to about 5%, about 3% to about 6%, about 3% to about 7%, about 3% to about 8%, about 3% to about 9%, about 3% to about 10%, about 4% to about 5%, about 4% to about 6%, about 4% to about 7%, about 4% to about 8%, about 4% to about 9%, about 4% to about 10%, about 5% to about 6%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 10%, about 6% to about 7%, about 6% to about 8%, about 6% to about 9%, about 6% to about 10%, about 7% to about 8%, about 7% to about 9%, about 7% to about 10%, about 8% to about 9%, about 8% to about 10% or about 9% to about 10%.

[0078] Preservatives maintain the stability of the compositions disclosed herein. Preservatives can also prevent the growth of microbial organisms in the compositions disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include methylparaben, phenoxyethanol, octyldiol, glyceryl caprylate, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, gallic acid, and propylparaben.

[0079] The compositions disclosed herein can be adjusted to any pH that enables the compositions disclosed herein to achieve the desired beneficial effects. In aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, or at least 11. In other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at most 2, at most 3, at most 4, at most 5, at most 6, at most 7, at most 8, at most 9, at most 10, or at most 11.

[0080] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is between, for example, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 5.5, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 6.5, about 2 to about 7, about 2 to about 7.5, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 8.5, about 2 to about 9, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 7, about 2.5 to about 7.5, about 2.5 to about 8, about 2.5 to about 8.5, about 2.5 to about 9, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 7.5, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 8.5, about 3 to about 9, about 3.5 to about 5, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 7, about 3.5 to about 7.5, about 3.5 to about 8, about 3.5 to about 8.5, about 3.5 to about 9, about 4 to about 5, about 4 to about 5.5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 6.5, about 4 to about 7, about 4 to about 7.5, about 4 to about 8, about 4 to about 8.5, about 4 to about 9, about 4.5 to about 5, about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9, about 5 to about 5.5, about 5 to about 6, about 5 to about 6.5, about 5 to about 7, about 5 to about 7.5, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 8.5, about 5 to about 9, about 5.5 to about 6, about 5.5 to about 6.5, about 5.5 to about 7, about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 8, about 5.5 to about 8.5, about 5.5 to about 9, about 6 to about 6.5, about 6 to about 7, about 6 to about 7.5, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 8.5, about 6 to about 9, about 6.5 to about 7, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 8, about 6.5 to about 8.5, about 6.5 to about 9, about 7 to about 7.5, about 7 to about 8, about 7 to about 8.5, about 7 to about 9, about 7.5 to about 8, about 7.5 to about 8.5, about 7.5 to about 9, about 8 to about 8.5, about 8 to about 9 or about 8.5 to about 9.

[0081] In another embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used for the pH of the compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the calcium oxide powder is obtained from an organic source such as the shells of marine organisms. In some embodiments, the calcium oxide powder is obtained from an inorganic source, such as by a synthetic chemical process. In some embodiments, about 160 ppm of calcium oxide powder results in the composition having a pH of about 5.0 to about 5.2. In some embodiments, about 240 ppm of calcium oxide powder results in the composition having a pH of about 7.5 to about 7.8. In aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, or at least 11. In other aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, at most 2, at most 3, at most 4, at most 5, at most 6, at most 7, at most 8, at most 9, at most 10, or at most 11.

[0082] In still other aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, from about 2 to about 5, from about 2 to about 5.5, from about 2 to about 6, from about 2 to about 6.5, from about 2 to about 7, from about 2 to about 7.5, from about 2 to about 8, from about 2 to about 8.5, from about 2 to about 9, from about 2.5 to about 5, from about 2.5 to about 5.5, from about 2.5 to about 6, from about 2.5 to about 6.5, from about 2.5 to about 7, from about 2.5 to about 7.5, from about 2.5 to about 8, from about 2.5 to about 8.5, from about 2.5 to about 9, from about 3 to about 5, from about 3 to about 5.5, from about 3 to about 6, from about 3 to about 6.5, from about 3 to about 7, from about 3 to about 7.5, from about 3 to about 8, from about 3 to about 8.5, from about 3 to about 9, from about 3.5 to about 5, from about 3.5 to about 5.5, from about 3.5 to about 6, from about 3.5 to about 6.5, from about 3.5 to about 7, from about 3.5 to about 7.5, from about 3.5 to about 8, from about 3.5 to about 8.5, from about 3.5 to about 9, from about 4 to about 5, from about 4 to about 5.5, from about 4 to about 6, from about 4 to about 6.5, from about 4 to about 7, from about 4 to about 7.5, from about 4 to about 8, from about 4 to about 8.5, from about 4 to about 9, from about 4.5 to about 5, from about 4.5 to about 5.5, from about 4.5 to about 6, from about 4.5 to about 6.5, from about 4.5 to about 7, from about 4.5 to about 7.5, from about 4.5 to about 8, from about 4.5 to about 8.5, from about 4.5 to about 9, from about 5 to about 5.5, from about 5 to about 6, from about 5 to about 6.5, from about 5 to about 7, from about 5 to about 7.5, from about 5 to about 8, from about 5 to about 8.5, from about 5 to about 9, from about 5.5 to about 6, from about 5.5 to about 6.5, from about 5.5 to about 7, from about 5.5 to about 7.5, from about 5.5 to about 8, from about 5.5 to about 8.5, from about 5.5 to about 9, from about 6 to about 6.5, from about 6 to about 7, from about 6 to about 7.5, from about 6 to about 8, from about 6 to about 8.5, from about 6 to about 9, from about 6.5 to about 7, from about 6.5 to about 7.5, from about 6.5 to about 8, from about 6.5 to about 8.5, from about 6.5 to about 9, from about 7 to about 7.5, from about 7 to about 8, from about 7 to about 8.5, from about 7 to about 9, from about 7.5 to about 8, from about 7.5 to about 8.5, from about 7.5 to about 9, from about 8 to about 8.5, from about 8 to about 9, or from about 8.5 to about 9.

[0083] The compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when exposed to body fluids. The body fluids are body fluids containing charged molecules and include, but are not limited to, blood and blood by-products such as plasma and serum. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when, for example, they exhibit up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9% or up to 10% inactivation after exposure to body fluids. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when, for example, they exhibit up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45% or up to 50% inactivation after exposure to body fluids. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when, for example, they exhibit from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 20%, from about 1% to about 30%, from about 1% to about 40%, from about 1% to about 50%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 5% to about 20%, from about 5% to about 30%, from about 5% to about 40%, from about 5% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50% or from about 40% to about 50% inactivation after exposure to body fluids.

[0084] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when, after exposure to body fluids, they exhibit, for example, up to 1% degradation, up to 2% degradation, up to 3% degradation, up to 4% degradation, up to 5% degradation, up to 6% degradation, up to 7% degradation, up to 8% degradation, up to 9% degradation, or up to 10% degradation of hypochlorous acid. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when, after exposure to body fluids, they exhibit, for example, up to 10% degradation, up to 15% degradation, up to 20% degradation, up to 25% degradation, up to 30% degradation, up to 35% degradation, up to 40% degradation, up to 45% degradation, or up to 50% degradation of hypochlorous acid. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when, after exposure to body fluids, they exhibit, for example, from about 1% to about 10% degradation, from about 1% to about 20% degradation, from about 1% to about 30% degradation, from about 1% to about 40% degradation, from about 1% to about 50% degradation, from about 5% to about 10% degradation, from about 5% to about 20% degradation, from about 5% to about 30% degradation, from about 5% to about 40% degradation, from about 5% to about 50% degradation, from about 10% to about 20% degradation, from about 10% to about 30% degradation, from about 10% to about 40% degradation, from about 10% to about 50% degradation, from about 20% to about 30% degradation, from about 20% to about 40% degradation, from about 20% to about 50% degradation, from about 30% to about 40% degradation, from about 30% to about 50% degradation, or from about 40% to about 50% degradation of hypochlorous acid.

[0085] The compositions disclosed herein are stable. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable when they exhibit, for example, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9%, or up to 10% degradation of hypochlorous acid. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable when they exhibit, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% degradation of hypochlorous acid.In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable when the compositions exhibit a degradation of hypochlorous acid of, for example, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 30%, about 1% to about 40%, about 1% to about 50%, about 1% to about 60%, about 1% to about 70%, about 1% to about 80%, about 1% to about 90%, about 1% to about 95%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 50%, about 5% to about 60%, about 5% to about 70%, about 5% to about 80%, about 5% to about 90%, about 5% to about 95%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

[0086] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable when they exhibit, for example, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9% or up to 10% degradation of free available chlorine. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable when they exhibit, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95% degradation of free available chlorine.In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable when they exhibit a degradation of free available chlorine of, for example, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 30%, about 1% to about 40%, about 1% to about 50%, about 1% to about 60%, about 1% to about 70%, about 1% to about 80%, about 1% to about 90%, about 1% to about 95%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 50%, about 5% to about 60%, about 5% to about 70%, about 5% to about 80%, about 5% to about 90%, about 5% to about 95%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

[0087] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 day, about 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, or 15 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, or at least 15 days. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at most 1 day, at most 2 days, at most 3 days, at most 4 days, at most 5 days, at most 6 days, at most 7 days, at most 8 days, at most 9 days, at most 10 days, at most 11 days, at most 12 days, at most 13 days, at most 14 days, or at most 15 days.

[0088] In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 day to about 2 days, about 1 day to about 3 days, about 1 day to about 4 days, about 1 day to about 5 days, about 1 day to about 6 days, about 1 day to about 7 days, about 1 day to about 8 days, about 1 day to about 9 days, about 1 day to about 10 days, about 1 day to about 11 days, about 1 day to about 12 days, about 1 day to about 13 days, about 1 day to about 14 days, about 1 day to about 15 days, about 2 days to about 3 days, about 2 days to about 4 days, about 2 days to about 5 days, about 2 days to about 6 days, about 2 days to about 7 days, about 2 days to about 8 days, about 2 days to about 9 days, about 2 days to about 10 days, about 2 days to about 11 days, about 2 days to about 12 days, about 2 days to about 13 days, about 2 days to about 14 days, about 2 days to about 15 days, about 3 days to about 4 days, about 3 days to about 5 days, about 3 days to about 6 days, about 3 days to about 7 days, about 3 days to about 8 days, about 3 days to about 9 days, about 3 days to about 10 days, about 3 days to about 11 days, about 3 days to about 12 days, about 3 days to about 13 days, about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 15 days, about 4 days to about 5 days, about 4 days to about 6 days, about 4 days to about 7 days, about 4 days to about 8 days, about 4 days to about 9 days, about 4 days to about 10 days, about 4 days to about 11 days, about 4 days to about 12 days, about 4 days to about 13 days, about 4 days to about 14 days, about 4 days to about 15 days, about 5 days to about 6 days, about 5 days to about 7 days, about 5 days to about 8 days, about 5 days to about 9 days, about 5 days to about 10 days, about 5 days to about 11 days, about 5 days to about 12 days, about 5 days to about 13 days, about 5 days to about 14 days, about 5 days to about 15 days, about 6 days to about 7 days, about 6 days to about 8 days, about 6 days to about 9 days, about 6 days to about 10 days, about 6 days to about 11 days, about 6 days to about 12 days, about 6 days to about 13 days, about 6 days to about 14 days, about 6 days to about 15 days, about 7 days to about 8 days, about 7 days to about 9 days, about 7 days to about 10 days, about 7 days to about 11 days, about 7 days to about 12 days, about 7 days to about 13 days, about 7 days to about 14 days, about 7 days to about 15 days, about 8 days to about 9 days, about 8 days to about 10 days, about 8 days to about 11 days, about 8 days to about 12 days, about 8 days to about 13 days, about 8 days to about 14 days, about 8 days to about 15 days, about 9 days to about 10 days, about 9 days to about 11 days, about 9 days to about 12 days, about 9 days to about 13 days, about 9 days to about 14 days, about 9 days to about 15 days, about 10 days to about 11 days, about 10 days to about 12 days, about 10 days to about 13 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 15 days, about 11 days to about 12 days, about 11 days to about 13 days, about 11 days to about 14 days, about 11 days to about 15 days, about 12 days to about 13 days, about 12 days to about 14 days, about 12 days to about 15 days, about 13 days to about 14 days, about 13 days to about 15 days or about 14 days to about 15 days.

[0089] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 week, about 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, 13 weeks, 14 weeks, or 15 weeks. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 4 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks, at least 7 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 9 weeks, at least 10 weeks, at least 11 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 13 weeks, at least 14 weeks, or at least 15 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at most 1 week, at most 2 weeks, at most 3 weeks, at most 4 weeks, at most 5 weeks, at most 6 weeks, at most 7 weeks, at most 8 weeks, at most 9 weeks, at most 10 weeks, at most 11 weeks, at most 12 weeks, at most 13 weeks, at most 14 weeks, or at most 15 weeks.

[0090] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 week to about 2 weeks, about 1 week to about 3 weeks, about 1 week to about 4 weeks, about 1 week to about 5 weeks, about 1 week to about 6 weeks, about 1 week to about 7 weeks, about 1 week to about 8 weeks, about 1 week to about 9 weeks, about 1 week to about 10 weeks, about 1 week to about 11 weeks, about 1 week to about 12 weeks, about 1 week to about 13 weeks, about 1 week to about 14 weeks, about 1 week to about 15 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 3 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 5 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 4 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 6 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 5 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 7 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 6 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 7 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 9 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 10 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 9 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 11 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 10 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 11 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 13 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 15 weeks, about 13 weeks to about 14 weeks, about 13 weeks to about 15 weeks or about 14 weeks to about 15 weeks.

[0091] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 month, about 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, or 18 months. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at least 1 month, at least 2 months, at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 7 months, at least 8 months, at least 9 months, at least 10 months, at least 11 months, at least 12 months, at least 13 months, at least 14 months, at least 15 months, at least 16 months, at least 17 months, or at least 18 months. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at most 1 month, at most 2 months, at most 3 months, at most 4 months, at most 5 months, at most 6 months, at most 7 months, at most 8 months, at most 9 months, at most 10 months, at most 11 months, at most 12 months, at most 13 months, at most 14 months, at most 15 months, at most 16 months, at most 17 months, or at most 18 months.

[0092] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein persist for, for example, about 1 month to about 2 months, about 1 month to about 3 months, about 1 month to about 4 months, about 1 month to about 5 months, about 1 month to about 6 months, about 1 month to about 7 months, about 1 month to about 8 months, about 1 month to about 9 months, about 1 month to about 10 months, about 1 month to about 11 months, about 1 month to about 12 months, about 1 month to about 13 months, about 1 month to about 14 months, about 1 month to about 15 months, about 1 month to about 16 months, about 1 month to about 17 months, about 1 month to about 18 months, about 2 months to about 3 months, about 2 months to about 4 months, about 2 months to about 5 months, about 2 months to about 6 months, about 2 months to about 7 months, about 2 months to about 8 months, about 2 months to about 9 months, about 2 months to about 10 months, about 2 months to about 11 months, about 2 months to about 12 months, about 2 months to about 13 months, about 2 months to about 14 months, about 2 months to about 15 months, about 2 months to about 16 months, about 2 months to about 17 months, about 2 months to about 18 months, about 3 months to about 4 months, about 3 months to about 5 months, about 3 months to about 6 months, about 3 months to about 7 months, about 3 months to about 8 months, about 3 months to about 9 months, about 3 months to about 10 months, about 3 months to about 11 months, about 3 months to about 12 months, about 3 months to about 13 months, about 3 months to about 14 months, about 3 months to about 15 months, about 3 months to about 16 months, about 3 months to about 17 months, about 3 months to about 18 months, about 4 months to about 5 months, about 4 months to about 6 months, about 4 months to about 7 months, about 4 months to about 8 months, about 4 months to about 9 months, about 4 months to about 10 months, about 4 months to about 11 months, about 4 months to about 12 months, about 4 months to about 13 months, about 4 months to about 14 months, about 4 months to about 15 months, about 4 months to about 16 months, about 4 months to about 17 months, about 4 months to about 18 months, about 5 months to about 6 months, about 5 months to about 7 months, about 5 months to about 8 months, about 5 months to about 9 months, about 5 months to about 10 months, about 5 months to about 11 months, about 5 months to about 12 months, about 5 months to about 13 months, about 5 months to about 14 months, about 5 months to about 15 months, about 5 months to about 16 months, about 5 months to about 17 months, about 5 months to about 18 months, about 6 months to about 7 months, about 6 months to about 8 months, about 6 months to about 9 months, about 6 months to about 10 months, about 6 months to about 11 months, about 6 months to about 12 months, about 6 months to about 13 months, about 6 months to about 14 months, about 6 months to about 15 months, about 6 months to about 16 months, about 6 months to about 17 months, about 6 months to about 18 months, about 7 months to about 8 months, about 7 months to about 9 months, about 7 months to about 10 months, about 7 months to about 11 months, about 7 months to about 12 months,From about 7 months to about 13 months, from about 7 months to about 14 months, from about 7 months to about 15 months, from about 7 months to about 16 months, from about 7 months to about 17 months, from about 7 months to about 18 months, from about 8 months to about 9 months, from about 8 months to about 10 months, from about 8 months to about 11 months, from about 8 months to about 12 months, from about 8 months to about 13 months, from about 8 months to about 14 months, from about 8 months to about 15 months, from about 8 months to about 16 months, from about 8 months to about 17 months, from about 8 months to about 18 months, from about 9 months to about 10 months, from about 9 months to about 11 months, from about 9 months to about 12 months, from about 9 months to about 13 months, from about 9 months to about 14 months, from about 9 months to about 15 months, from about 9 months to about 16 months, from about 9 months to about 17 months, from about 9 months to about 18 months, from about 10 months to about 11 months, from about 10 months to about 12 months, from about 10 months to about 13 months, from about 10 months to about 14 months, from about 10 months to about 15 months, from about 10 months to about 16 months, from about 10 months to about 17 months, from about 10 months to about 18 months, from about 11 months to about 12 months, from about 11 months to about 13 months, from about 11 months to about 14 months, from about 11 months to about 15 months, from about 11 months to about 16 months, from about 11 months to about 17 months, from about 11 months to about 18 months, from about 12 months to about 13 months, from about 12 months to about 14 months, from about 12 months to about 15 months, from about 12 months to about 16 months, from about 12 months to about 17 months, from about 12 months to about 18 months, from about 13 months to about 14 months, from about 13 months to about 15 months, from about 13 months to about 16 months, from about 13 months to about 17 months, from about 13 months to about 18 months, from about 14 months to about 15 months, from about 14 months to about 16 months, from about 14 months to about 17 months, from about 14 months to about 18 months, from about 15 months to about 16 months, from about 15 months to about 17 months, from about 15 months to about 18 months, from about 16 months to about 17 months, from about 16 months to about 18 months or from about 17 months to about 18 months is stable.

[0093] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 year, about 2 years, about 3 years, about 4 years, or about 5 years. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at least 1 year, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least 4 years, or at least 5 years. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, at most 1 year, at most 2 years, at most 3 years, at most 4 years, or at most 5 years. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are stable for, for example, about 1 year to about 2 years, about 1 year to about 3 years, about 1 year to about 4 years, about 1 year to about 5 years, about 2 years to about 3 years, about 2 years to about 4 years, about 2 years to about 5 years, about 3 years to about 4 years, about 3 years to about 5 years, or about 4 years to about 5 years.

[0094] The compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into any form capable of applying the compositions disclosed herein in a manner that achieves the desired beneficial effects. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into, for example, a single-phase formulation or a two-phase formulation comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into, for example, a liquid composition, a colloidal composition, a semi-solid composition, or a solid composition. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into, for example, a liquid aerosol, a foam, an emulsion, a gel, a sol, or a solid sol. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated into, for example, a spray, a liquid aerosol, a soap, or a suspension.

[0095] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and metal particles and / or metal salts. In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of metal particles and / or metal salts.

[0096] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and copper particles, zinc particles, calcium particles, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and copper oxide particles, zinc oxide particles, calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0097] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium particles, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0098] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium particles, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of zinc oxide particles, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of calcium oxide particles, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0099] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0100] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 1 ppm to 50 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 5 ppm to 45 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 10 ppm to 40 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 15 ppm to 35 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 20 ppm to 30 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 25 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0101] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 1 ppm to 100 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 10 ppm to 90 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 20 ppm to 80 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 30 ppm to 70 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 40 ppm to 60 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0102] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 150 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 60 ppm to 140 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 70 ppm to 130 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 80 ppm to 120 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 90 ppm to 110 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 100 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0103] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 100 ppm to 200 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 110 ppm to 190 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 120 ppm to 180 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 130 ppm to 170 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 140 ppm to 160 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 150 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0104] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 150 ppm to 250 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 160 ppm to 240 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 170 ppm to 230 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 180 ppm to 220 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 190 ppm to 210 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 200 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0105] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 200 ppm to 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 210 ppm to 290 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 220 ppm to 280 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 230 ppm to 270 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and from 240 ppm to 260 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 250 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0106] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 400 ppm to 600 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 250 ppm to 350 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 420 ppm to 580 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 260 ppm to 340 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 440 ppm to 560 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 270 ppm to 330 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 460 ppm to 540 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 280 ppm to 320 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 480 ppm to 520 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 290 ppm to 310 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 500 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0107] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0108] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 150 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 150 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0109] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and 1 ppm to 400 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 5 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 25 ppm to 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0110] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 5 ppm to 75 ppm and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 1 ppm to 400 ppm. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 5 ppm to 75 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 25 ppm to 300 ppm.

[0111] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 5 ppm to 50 ppm and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 1 ppm to 400 ppm. In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 5 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 25 ppm to 300 ppm.

[0112] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 1 ppm to 50 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 5 ppm to 45 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 10 ppm to 40 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 15 ppm to 35 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 20 ppm to 30 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 25 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of 25 ppm.

[0113] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 1 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 10 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 20 ppm to 80 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 30 ppm to 70 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 40 ppm to 60 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0114] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 50 ppm to 150 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 60 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 70 ppm to 130 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 80 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 90 ppm to 110 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 100 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0115] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 100 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 110 ppm to 190 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 120 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 130 ppm to 170 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 140 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 150 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0116] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 150 ppm to 250 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 160 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 170 ppm to 230 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 180 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount from 190 ppm to 210 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 200 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0117] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 200 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 210 ppm to 290 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 220 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 230 ppm to 270 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 240 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 250 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0118] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 250 ppm to 350 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 5 ppm to 45 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 260 ppm to 340 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 10 ppm to 40 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 270 ppm to 330 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 15 ppm to 35 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 280 ppm to 320 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of from 20 ppm to 30 ppm, and copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles in an amount of from 290 ppm to 310 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 300 ppm of copper-zinc-calcium oxide particles.

[0119] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and one or more metal salts. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and a copper salt, a zinc salt, a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and a copper salt, a zinc salt, and a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and a copper chloride, a zinc chloride, a calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and a copper chloride, a zinc chloride, and a calcium oxide salt.

[0120] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of one or more metal salts. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc salt, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium salt, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc salt, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper chloride, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc chloride, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium oxide salt, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a copper chloride, 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a zinc chloride, and 50 ppm to 500 ppm of a calcium oxide salt.

[0121] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 50 ppm to 500 ppm and one or more metal salts at 10 ppm to 250 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 50 ppm to 500 ppm, and a copper salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, a zinc salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, a calcium salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 50 ppm to 500 ppm and a copper salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, a zinc salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, and a calcium salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 50 ppm to 500 ppm, and a copper chloride at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, a zinc chloride at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, a calcium oxide salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 50 ppm to 500 ppm, and a copper chloride at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, a zinc chloride at 10 ppm to 250 ppm, and a calcium oxide salt at 10 ppm to 250 ppm.

[0122] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 75 ppm to 400 ppm and one or more metal salts at 20 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 75 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, a zinc salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, a calcium salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 75 ppm to 400 ppm and a copper salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, a zinc salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, and a calcium salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 75 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper chloride at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, a zinc chloride at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, a calcium oxide salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 75 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper chloride at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, a zinc chloride at 20 ppm to 200 ppm, and a calcium oxide salt at 20 ppm to 200 ppm.

[0123] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 100 ppm to 350 ppm and one or more metal salts in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 100 ppm to 350 ppm, and a copper salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a calcium salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, or any combination thereof. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 100 ppm to 350 ppm and a copper salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 100 ppm to 350 ppm, and a copper chloride in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc chloride in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a calcium oxide salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, or any combination thereof. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 100 ppm to 350 ppm, and a copper chloride in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc chloride in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium oxide salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm.

[0124] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm and one or more metal salts in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, a calcium salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, or any combination thereof. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm and a copper salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper chloride in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, a zinc chloride in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, a calcium oxide salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, or any combination thereof. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper chloride in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, a zinc chloride in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm, and a calcium oxide salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 500 ppm.

[0125] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm and one or more metal salts in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, and a copper salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, a calcium salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm and a copper salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, and copper chloride in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, zinc chloride in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, calcium oxide salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, or any combination thereof. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, and copper chloride in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, zinc chloride in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm, and calcium oxide salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 240 ppm.

[0126] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, and a calcium salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, and a calcium salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, and a calcium salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium salt.

[0127] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 10 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 40 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 60 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 70 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 310 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 80 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 80 ppm.

[0128] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0129] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, from 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, from 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, from 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, from 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a copper salt, from 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0130] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 90 ppm to 110 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 100 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0131] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 90 ppm to 110 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 100 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0132] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 90 ppm to 110 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 100 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0133] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a copper salt, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 40 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a copper salt, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a copper salt, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 120 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0134] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 110 ppm to 130 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 120 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0135] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, from 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 40 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, from 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, from 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, from 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a copper salt, from 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 120 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0136] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 110 ppm to 130 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 120 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0137] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, and a calcium salt from 60 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, and a calcium salt from 130 ppm to 150 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0138] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 60 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 130 ppm to 150 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 140 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0139] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 80 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 120 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 130 ppm to 150 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of copper salt, 80 ppm of zinc salt, and 140 ppm of calcium salt.

[0140] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 220 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 180 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 160 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a zinc salt, and 130 ppm to 150 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 140 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0141] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a copper salt, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 80 ppm to 240 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a copper salt, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 100 ppm to 220 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 120 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 140 ppm to 180 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a copper salt, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 150 ppm to 170 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 160 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0142] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 150 ppm to 170 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 160 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0143] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 150 ppm to 170 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 160 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0144] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt at 10 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt at 10 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt at 80 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt at 20 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt at 20 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt at 100 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt at 30 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt at 30 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt at 120 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt at 40 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt at 40 ppm to 80 ppm, and a calcium salt at 140 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt at 50 ppm to 70 ppm, a zinc salt at 50 ppm to 70 ppm, and a calcium salt at 150 ppm to 170 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 310 ppm, a copper salt at 40 ppm, a zinc salt at 40 ppm, and a calcium salt at 160 ppm.

[0145] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a copper salt, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 100 ppm to 260 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a copper salt, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 120 ppm to 240 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 140 ppm to 220 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 160 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a copper salt, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 170 ppm to 190 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 180 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0146] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 170 ppm to 190 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 180 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0147] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 170 ppm to 190 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 180 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0148] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 100 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 120 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 140 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 160 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount from 170 ppm to 190 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 180 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0149] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 180 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, and a calcium salt from 190 ppm to 210 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 200 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0150] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 20 ppm to 220 ppm of a copper salt, from 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 120 ppm to 280 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 60 ppm to 180 ppm of a copper salt, from 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 140 ppm to 260 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 80 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, from 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 160 ppm to 240 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 100 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, from 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 180 ppm to 220 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, from 110 ppm to 130 ppm of a copper salt, from 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, and from 190 ppm to 210 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 200 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0151] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 180 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 190 ppm to 210 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 200 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0152] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 20 ppm to 220 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 140 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 60 ppm to 180 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 160 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 80 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 180 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 100 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 200 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 110 ppm to 130 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 210 ppm to 230 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount of 310 ppm, a copper salt in an amount of 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount of 120 ppm, and a calcium salt in an amount of 220 ppm.

[0153] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 180 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 200 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 210 ppm to 230 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 220 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0154] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 140 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 180 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 200 ppm to 240 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 210 ppm to 230 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 220 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0155] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 320 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 200 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 200 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, and a calcium salt from 230 ppm to 250 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of copper salt, 120 ppm of zinc salt, and 240 ppm of calcium salt.

[0156] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 220 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 320 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 180 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 180 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 200 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 100 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 220 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 110 ppm to 130 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 230 ppm to 250 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 240 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0157] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 160 ppm to 320 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 300 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 200 ppm to 280 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 220 ppm to 260 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 230 ppm to 250 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 240 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0158] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 170 ppm to 470 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm to 240 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 180 ppm of a zinc salt, and 100 ppm to 260 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 220 ppm to 420 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm to 200 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and 120 ppm to 240 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 280 ppm to 380 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 100 ppm to 180 ppm of a copper salt, 60 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and 140 ppm to 220 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 300 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 120 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 160 ppm to 200 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 320 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 130 ppm to 150 ppm of a copper salt, 90 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and 170 ppm to 190 ppm of a calcium salt. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 330 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 140 ppm of a copper salt, 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and 180 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0159] In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 130 ppm to 430 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and a calcium salt from 60 ppm to 220 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 180 ppm to 380 ppm, a copper salt from 40 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and a calcium salt from 80 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 240 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt from 60 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and a calcium salt from 100 ppm to 180 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 260 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt from 80 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and a calcium salt from 120 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 280 ppm to 300 ppm, a copper salt from 90 ppm to 110 ppm, a zinc salt from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and a calcium salt from 130 ppm to 150 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 290 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 100 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 140 ppm of a calcium salt.

[0160] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 20 ppm to 500 ppm, one or more metal salts from 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, and a phosphate buffer from 5 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 20 ppm to 500 ppm, a copper salt from 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, a zinc salt from 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, and a phosphate buffer from 5 ppm to 200 ppm. In aspects of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 20 ppm to 500 ppm, copper chloride from 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, zinc chloride from 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, and a phosphate buffer from 5 ppm to 200 ppm.

[0161] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 160 ppm of a zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 60 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a copper salt, 70 ppm to 90 ppm of a zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0162] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a copper salt from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate from 10 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 20 ppm to 180 ppm, a copper salt from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate from 20 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 40 ppm to 140 ppm, a copper salt from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate from 40 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 60 ppm to 120 ppm, a copper salt from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, a zinc salt from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate from 60 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine from 80 ppm to 100 ppm, a copper salt from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, a zinc salt from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate from 70 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0163] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 50 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 50 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 40 ppm to 140 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 60 ppm to 120 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 30 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 30 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 80 ppm to 100 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 25 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 25 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 20 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0164] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 10 ppm to 200 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 5 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 5 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 20 ppm to 180 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 40 ppm to 140 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 15 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 15 ppm to 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 60 ppm to 120 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 60 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 60 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 80 ppm to 100 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 50 ppm of a zinc salt, and 30 ppm to 50 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 40 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0165] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt at 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt at 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 10 ppm to 160 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt at 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt at 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 20 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt at 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt at 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 40 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt at 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt at 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 60 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt at 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt at 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 70 ppm to 90 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 310 ppm, a copper salt at 80 ppm, a zinc salt at 80 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 80 ppm.

[0166] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, and 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm to 120 ppm of a zinc salt, and 20 ppm to 140 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 260 ppm to 360 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a copper salt, 30 ppm to 100 ppm of a zinc salt, and 40 ppm to 120 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 280 ppm to 340 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm to 80 ppm of a zinc salt, and 60 ppm to 100 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 300 ppm to 320 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a copper salt, 50 ppm to 70 ppm of a zinc salt, and 70 ppm to 90 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, and 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0167] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt at 10 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt at 10 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 10 ppm to 140 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt at 20 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt at 20 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 20 ppm to 120 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt at 30 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt at 30 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 30 ppm to 100 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt at 40 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt at 40 ppm to 80 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 40 ppm to 80 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt at 50 ppm to 70 ppm, a zinc salt at 50 ppm to 70 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 50 ppm to 70 ppm. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 310 ppm, a copper salt at 40 ppm, a zinc salt at 40 ppm, and calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate at 40 ppm.

[0168] In an embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 20 ppm to 500 ppm, one or more metal salts at 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, a phosphate buffer at 5 ppm to 200 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 20 ppm to 500 ppm, a copper salt at 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, a zinc salt at 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, a phosphate buffer at 5 ppm to 200 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine at 20 ppm to 500 ppm, copper chloride at 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, zinc chloride at 2.5 ppm to 240 ppm, a phosphate buffer at 5 ppm to 200 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0169] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 40 ppm to 140 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 60 ppm to 120 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 80 ppm to 100 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0170] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 40 ppm to 140 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 60 ppm to 120 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 80 ppm to 100 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0171] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 2.5 ppm to 60 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 50 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 50 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 40 ppm to 140 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 7.5 ppm to 40 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 60 ppm to 120 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 30 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 30 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 80 ppm to 100 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 25 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 25 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 20 ppm of a copper salt, 20 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and calcium oxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0172] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 10 ppm to 200 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 5 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 20 ppm to 180 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 40 ppm to 140 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 15 ppm to 80 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 60 ppm to 120 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 60 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 80 ppm to 100 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 30 ppm to 50 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 90 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 40 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0173] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 80 ppm of a copper salt, 80 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0174] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 160 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 60 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 70 ppm to 90 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, 40 ppm of a copper salt, 40 ppm of a zinc salt, 80 ppm of calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0.

[0175] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 150 ppm to 450 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 10 ppm to 140 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 200 ppm to 400 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 20 ppm to 120 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 260 ppm to 360 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 30 ppm to 100 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 280 ppm to 340 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 40 ppm to 80 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine in an amount from 300 ppm to 320 ppm, a copper salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, a zinc salt in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate in an amount from 50 ppm to 70 ppm, and calcium oxide in an amount required to adjust the pH to a range of 5.0 to 6.0. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise 310 ppm of hypochlorous a...

Claims

1. A liquid composition comprising: a) At least 200 ppm to at most 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or at least 200 ppm to at most 400 ppm of free available chlorine, b) 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a copper salt, wherein the copper salt is copper chloride, c) 10 ppm to 140 ppm of a zinc salt, wherein the zinc salt is zinc chloride, and d) 20 ppm to 240 ppm of calcium oxide.

2. The liquid composition according to claim 1, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of 25 ppm to 125 ppm.

3. The liquid composition according to claim 2, wherein the copper salt and the zinc salt are each present in an amount of at least 30 ppm.

4. The liquid composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount of 25 ppm to 200 ppm.

5. The liquid composition according to claim 4, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount of 50 ppm to 175 ppm.

6. The liquid composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 7.

7. The liquid composition according to claim 6, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 6.

5.

8. The liquid composition according to claim 7, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 6.

9. A liquid composition comprising: a) 200 ppm to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid or 200 ppm to 400 ppm of free available chlorine, b) 25 ppm to 125 ppm of copper chloride, c) 25 ppm to 125 ppm of zinc chloride, and d) 25 ppm to 200 ppm of calcium oxide.

10. The liquid composition according to claim 9, wherein the copper chloride and the zinc chloride are each present in an amount of at least 30 ppm, and the calcium oxide is present in an amount of 50 ppm to 175 ppm.

11. The liquid composition according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 7.

12. The liquid composition according to claim 11, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 6.

5.

13. The liquid composition according to claim 12, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 6.

14. A liquid composition comprising: a) 150 ppm to 450 ppm of hypochlorous acid or 150 ppm to 450 ppm of free available chlorine, b) 10 ppm to 160 ppm of copper chloride, c) 10 ppm to 160 ppm of zinc chloride, and d) 10 ppm to 160 ppm of calcium oxide.

15. The liquid composition according to claim 14, wherein the hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine is present in an amount of 290 ppm to at most 375 ppm.

16. The liquid composition according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the copper chloride and the zinc chloride are each present in an amount of 25 ppm to 125 ppm.

17. The liquid composition according to claim 16, wherein the copper chloride and the zinc chloride are each present in an amount of at least 30 ppm.

18. The liquid composition according to claim 16, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount of 40 ppm to 160 ppm.

19. The liquid composition according to claim 18, wherein the calcium oxide is present in an amount of 60 ppm to 160 ppm.

20. The liquid composition according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 7.

21. The liquid composition according to claim 20, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 6.

5.

22. The liquid composition according to claim 21, wherein the pH of the composition is 5 to 6.

23. The liquid composition according to any one of claims 1, 9 or 14, wherein the composition does not contain a phosphate buffer.

24. A method of cleaning or disinfecting a hard surface, the method comprising applying to the hard surface a liquid composition as defined in any one of claims 1-23.

25. Use of a liquid composition according to any one of claims 1-23 in the preparation of a kit for cleaning, disinfecting or treating the tissue or body cavity of an individual.

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