Fuel cell bipolar plate, fuel cell, vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate, a fuel cell, and a vehicle. The fuel cell bipolar plate includes an anode and a cathode. A decelerating flow channel is provided on the anode, and an accelerating flow channel is provided on the cathode. By providing a decelerating flow channel on the anode, the flow rate of the anode reactants can be slowed down, so that more anode reactants pass through the diffusion layer within a limited flow channel length, reducing the ratio of the anode reactants at the outlet of the decelerating flow channel to the anode reactants at the inlet of the decelerating flow channel, and improving the utilization efficiency of the anode reactants. By providing an accelerating flow channel on the cathode, the flow rate drop of the cathode reactants can be reduced, and the discharge efficiency of the cathode reactants can be improved. When the cathode reactants are discharged, the products in the flow channel can be carried out more quickly, which can improve the discharge efficiency of the cathode products and prevent excessive accumulation of the cathode products from blocking the passage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate, a fuel cell, and a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The stack is the core part of a fuel cell, including a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer, a gas diffusion layer, and a bipolar plate (also known as a current collector plate, a separator plate), etc. Among them, the bipolar plate directly affects the weight and volume of the stack. It can collect and conduct current, separate reaction gases, prevent gas permeation, support the battery, and cool, etc., and directly determines the output power and service life of the stack.

[0003] The form and structure of the internal flow field of the bipolar plate play a key role in the flow, distribution, diffusion, etc. of reactants and products inside the stack, and directly affect the operation of the stack. In a fuel cell, the drainage ability and gas diffusion ability of the bipolar plate are important indicators for measuring the performance of the bipolar plate.

[0004] Due to the important position of the bipolar plate in the fuel cell, higher requirements are also put forward for its flow channel design and processing. At present, bipolar plates are mainly divided into graphite bipolar plates, composite bipolar plates, and metal bipolar plates. Metal thin plates have high strength, good electrical and thermal conductivity, low raw material prices, and are suitable for mass production methods, and are the mainstream choice for fuel cell industrialization. The mainstream manufacturing process of metal bipolar plates is metal stamping (hydraulic) forming process.

[0005] The existing flow channels of hydrogen fuel cell bipolar plates are mainly parallel flow channels and serpentine flow channels. Refer to "Research Progress on Flow Channels of Vehicle Fuel Cells" (author Wu Shiyu) published in the journal "China Auto", by optimizing the bending angle of the transport flow channel and improving the hydrophobic coating on the surface of the bipolar plate, etc., to improve the gas diffusivity of the bipolar plate and the exclusion of generated water, without really improving the efficacy of the bipolar plate from the aspect of flow channel design. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell bipolar plate to improve the utilization efficiency of anode reactants and the discharge efficiency of cathode products from the route of flow channel improvement.

[0007] The present invention also provides a fuel cell equipped with a fuel cell bipolar plate, and a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] A fuel cell bipolar plate includes an anode and a cathode. A deceleration flow channel is provided on the anode, and an acceleration flow channel is provided on the cathode.

[0010] Preferably, the deceleration flow channel includes at least one anode Tesla valve, and the anode reactant passes through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction.

[0011] Preferably, the acceleration flow channel includes at least one cathode Tesla valve, and the cathode reactant passes through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction.

[0012] More preferably, the acceleration flow channel is composed of a connecting flow channel and the cathode Tesla valve. The cathode Tesla valve includes a straight-through branch and a bent-back branch. The straight-through branch is arranged obliquely downward or vertically downward, and the outlet of the bent-back branch is not higher than the lowest point of the bent-back branch. The connecting flow channel is a gravity flow channel or a horizontal flow channel.

[0013] Preferably, the acceleration flow channel is arranged horizontally, or the acceleration flow channel is a gravity flow channel.

[0014] Preferably, the side of the anode adjacent to the cathode is a first plane, the side of the cathode adjacent to the anode is a second plane, a reference plane is formed between the first plane and the second plane, and the deceleration flow channel and the acceleration flow channel are axially symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane.

[0015] More preferably, the deceleration flow channel includes at least one anode Tesla valve, and the anode reactant passes through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction. The acceleration flow channel includes at least one cathode Tesla valve, and the cathode reactant passes through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction.

[0016] A fuel cell includes the aforementioned fuel cell bipolar plate.

[0017] A vehicle includes the aforementioned fuel cell.

[0018] Patent document CN114512689A discloses that after being applied to a fuel cell, compared with a conventional flow field, regardless of whether the intake is forward or backward, in the Tesla valve flow field, due to the increase in pressure drop, the flow rate of the reaction fluid will increase, thereby accelerating the removal of liquid water in the flow channel and effectively preventing the occurrence of the "flooding" phenomenon. However, patent document CN114865007A discloses that the unidirectional flowability of the Tesla valve is determined by the particularity of the internal loop structure of the Tesla valve. When the mixed gas passes through the Tesla valve in the forward direction, the mixed gas will be divided into two paths at each intersection, and then the two paths of mixed gas will converge at the next intersection and accelerate. On the contrary, if the mixed gas flows into the Tesla valve in the reverse direction, the mixed gas will also be divided into two paths at the first intersection and converge again at the second intersection. The difference is that this time, the flow directions of the two paths of mixed gas are opposite, so a great resistance is formed. Therefore, the mixed gas can only pass through the Tesla valve in the forward direction and it is very difficult to flow backward. That is to say, regarding whether the flow rate of the fluid increases or decreases when it passes through the Tesla valve in the reverse direction, the content disclosed in patent document CN114512689A and patent document CN114865007A is contradictory. However, in combination with the structure of the Tesla valve, the inventor tends to believe that the flow rate of the fluid decreases when it passes through the Tesla valve in the reverse direction.

[0019] Patent document CN114512689A discloses a variable intake fuel cell flow field control method based on a Tesla valve. The variable intake fuel cell flow field based on a Tesla valve is composed of multiple multi-stage Tesla valve single channels arranged in parallel. Multiple multi-stage Tesla valve single channels are all connected to the reactant inlet / outlet. The multi-stage Tesla valve single channel is composed of several single-stage Tesla valves; one of the reactant inlets / outlets is a reverse intake port, and the other is a forward intake port. During use, by controlling the intake direction of the flow field, it can adapt to various working conditions of the fuel cell: when the power output of the fuel cell changes, the intake direction of the flow field is adjusted according to the level of power output. The reverse intake of the flow field is applicable to the high power output of the fuel cell, and the forward intake of the flow field is applicable to the low power output of the fuel cell. Although this solution uses a Tesla valve to construct the fuel cell flow field and adjusts the fuel cell power by changing the flow direction of the reactants in the fuel cell flow field, it does not explain whether the anode reactants or the cathode reactants are introduced into the fuel cell flow field. Based on its description of the characteristics of the Tesla valve: "Compared with the conventional flow field, in the Tesla valve flow field, regardless of whether it is forward or reverse intake, due to the increase in pressure drop, the flow rate of the reactants will accelerate": Assuming that hydrogen is introduced into its fuel cell flow field, whether it passes through the Tesla valve forward or backward, what the applicant wants to express is that the variable intake fuel cell flow field based on the Tesla valve is an accelerating flow channel; Assuming that oxygen is introduced into its fuel cell flow field, whether it passes through the Tesla valve forward or backward, what the applicant wants to express is that the variable intake fuel cell flow field based on the Tesla valve is an accelerating flow channel. This assumption is consistent with its description "Different intake methods are applicable to different degrees of 'waterlogging', and reverse intake can better reduce the occurrence of 'waterlogging' compared to forward intake."

[0020] Patent document CN114865007A discloses a fuel cell gas circulation system, including: a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply device, and a circulation control device. The circulation control device includes a first control branch and a second control branch. The first control branch includes an ejector, and the second control branch includes a circulation pump and a first Tesla valve. The ejector includes a driving end, a first suction end, and a first exhaust end. The driving end is connected to the gas supply port of the hydrogen supply device, the first exhaust end is connected to the cathode, the circulation pump includes a second suction end and a second exhaust end, the first Tesla valve includes a third suction end and a third exhaust end. The first control branch and the second control branch are connected in series or in parallel. In the structure where the first control branch and the second control branch are connected in series, the second suction end is connected to the anode, the second exhaust end is connected to the first suction end, the third suction end is connected to the second suction end, and the third exhaust end is connected to the second exhaust end. In the structure where the first control branch and the second control branch are connected in parallel, both the second suction end and the first suction end are connected to the anode, the second exhaust end is connected to the third suction end, and the third exhaust end is connected to the cathode. It utilizes the unidirectional flow property of the first Tesla valve to solve the problem of poor hydrogen circulation effect in the fuel cell gas circulation structure in the prior art. However, its first Tesla valve is arranged outside the fuel cell stack, and hydrogen passes through the first Tesla valve in the forward direction, and hydrogen cannot pass through the first Tesla valve in the reverse direction.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. In the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention, a deceleration flow channel is provided on the anode, which can slow down the flow rate of the anode reactants, so that more anode reactants pass through the diffusion layer within a limited flow channel length, reduce the ratio of the anode reactants at the outlet of the deceleration flow channel to the anode reactants at the inlet of the deceleration flow channel, and improve the utilization efficiency of the anode reactants. An acceleration flow channel is provided on the cathode, which can reduce the flow rate drop of the cathode reactants, improve the discharge efficiency of the cathode reactants, and accelerate the carrying out of the products in the flow channel when the cathode reactants are discharged, which can improve the discharge efficiency of the cathode products and prevent excessive accumulation of cathode products from blocking the passage.

[0023] Generally, the cathode reactant is oxygen or air, and its manufacturing cost is extremely low. Therefore, using the acceleration flow channel will not increase the use cost of the fuel cell.

[0024] 2. In the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention, by utilizing the characteristics that the flow resistance is large and the speed reduction effect is obvious when passing through the Tesla valve in the reverse direction, a deceleration flow channel is constructed. At the anode Tesla valve, part of the anode reactants flow through the straight-through branch and the bent-back branch, and its flow area is wide, which can enable more anode reactants to pass through the diffusion layer, more effectively reduce the ratio of the anode reactants at the outlet of the deceleration flow channel to the anode reactants at the inlet of the deceleration flow channel, and improve the utilization efficiency of the anode reactants.

[0025] 3. In the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention, an accelerating flow channel is constructed by taking advantage of the characteristics of the Tesla valve that has a small flow resistance in the forward direction and a small velocity drop of the cathode reactants (faster than other flow channels and with an obvious acceleration effect). At the cathode Tesla valve, most of the cathode reactants flow through the straight-through branch, and a small part diffuses into the bent-back branch. The cathode reactants in both the straight-through branch and the bent-back branch can participate in the reaction, so cathode products are generated in both the straight-through branch and the bent-back branch. After the cathode products are generated in the bent-back branch, the pressure decreases, and the cathode reactants in the cathode Tesla valve will supplement and enter the bent-back branch.

[0026] 4. In the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention, the accelerating flow channel is composed of a connecting flow channel and a cathode Tesla valve. The cathode Tesla valve includes a straight-through branch and a bent-back branch. The straight-through branch is arranged obliquely downward or vertically downward, and the outlet of the bent-back branch is not higher than the lowest point of the bent-back branch, so there is no accumulation point of cathode products in the cathode Tesla valve. Since the weight of the cathode products is greater than that of the cathode reactants, under the action of gravity, the cathode products can flow out from the forward outlet of the cathode Tesla valve along the cathode Tesla valve. The connecting flow channel is also set as a gravity flow channel or a horizontal flow channel, so there is no accumulation point of cathode products in the connecting flow channel. That is, the cathode products flowing in the connecting flow channel will also flow towards the outlet of the accelerating flow channel under the action of gravity. In this way, there is no accumulation point of cathode products in the accelerating flow channel, and therefore, the discharge efficiency of the cathode products can be improved.

[0027] 5. In the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention, the accelerating flow channel is horizontally arranged, and there is no accumulation point of cathode products in the accelerating flow channel. Since the weight of the cathode products is greater than that of the cathode reactants, in this way, the cathode products are mainly concentrated at the bottom of the accelerating flow channel. When the cathode reactants carry out the cathode products at the outlet of the accelerating flow channel, the cathode products will diffuse towards the outlet of the accelerating flow channel. The accelerating flow channel is a gravity flow channel, and there is also no accumulation point of cathode products in it. In this way, the discharge efficiency of the cathode products can also be improved by means of gravity.

[0028] 6. In the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention, the side of the anode adjacent to the cathode is the first plane, and the side of the cathode adjacent to the anode is the second plane. A reference plane is formed between the first plane and the second plane. The decelerating flow channel and the accelerating flow channel are axially symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane. Since the straight line between two points is the shortest, for any side penetration point of the anode reactants in the decelerating flow channel, there is a shortest straight line reaching the corresponding side penetration point of the cathode reactants in the accelerating flow channel, and its reaction efficiency is high.

[0029] 7. The decelerating flow channel includes at least one anode Tesla valve, and the anode reactants pass through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction. The accelerating flow channel includes at least one cathode Tesla valve, and the cathode reactants pass through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction. The fuel cell bipolar plate constructed in this way only requires one mold, and the cost is low.

[0030] 8. The fuel cell using the fuel cell bipolar plate of the present invention has a high utilization efficiency of the anode reactant and a high discharge efficiency of the cathode product. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is an exploded view of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a right perspective view of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a right view of the anode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a left view of the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0035] Figure 5 It is an exploded view of another proton exchange membrane fuel cell;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a right perspective view of another proton exchange membrane fuel cell;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a right view of the anode of another proton exchange membrane fuel cell;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a left view of the cathode of another proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0039] Description of the reference numerals: 1 - anode, 10 - anode substrate, 11 - decelerating flow channel, 111 - anode reactant inlet, 112 - anode reactant outlet, 2 - diffusion layer A, 3 - catalytic layer A, 4 - proton exchange membrane, 5 - catalytic layer B, 6 - diffusion layer B, 7 - cathode, 70 - cathode substrate, 71 - accelerating flow channel, 711 - cathode reactant inlet, 712 - cathode reactant outlet. Detailed Embodiments

[0040] The present invention will be described below in the form of embodiments with reference to the drawings to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and the technical terms therein should not be understood without the technical knowledge background of the present technical field.

[0041] Hydrogen fuel cells belong to a type of fuel cell. According to different electrolyte types, hydrogen fuel cells are divided into proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), alkaline fuel cells (AFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), etc.

[0042] Example 1: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, see Figure 1 , 3 -4, which includes an anode 1, a diffusion layer A 2, a catalyst layer A 3, a proton exchange membrane 4, a catalyst layer B 5, a diffusion layer B 6, and a cathode 7 that are sequentially stacked. The side of the anode 1 close to the diffusion layer A 2 is a flat surface, and the side of the cathode 7 close to the diffusion layer B 6 is a flat surface. Generally, both the anode 1 and the cathode 7 are selected as plates, so the anode 1 and the cathode 7 are simply referred to as the fuel cell bipolar plates.

[0043] Hydrogen is sent to the anode (negative electrode) of the fuel cell. Through the action of a catalyst (platinum), one electron in a hydrogen atom is separated. The hydrogen ion (proton) that loses the electron passes through the proton exchange membrane and reaches the cathode (positive electrode) of the fuel cell. However, electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane, and this electron can only reach the cathode of the fuel cell through an external circuit, thereby generating an electric current in the external circuit. Oxygen is sent to the cathode (positive electrode) of the fuel cell. After the proton reaches the cathode, it recombines with oxygen atoms and hydrogen ions to form water. As long as hydrogen is continuously supplied to the anode plate, air is supplied to the cathode plate, and water (steam) is taken away in time, electric energy can be continuously provided.

[0044] See Figure 3 , the anode 1 is mainly composed of an anode substrate 10. A deceleration flow channel 11 is provided on the anode substrate 10, and the deceleration flow channel 11 is provided with an anode reactant inlet 111 and an anode reactant outlet 112. Let the side of the anode 1 adjacent to the cathode 7 be the first plane. The deceleration flow channel 11 is mostly a flow channel groove provided on the first plane of the anode substrate 10. In this way, when the anode reactant flows in the deceleration flow channel 11, it can contact the diffusion layer A 2 through the notch of the deceleration flow channel 11.

[0045] The deceleration flow channel 11 can include one anode Tesla valve, or two anode Tesla valves, or multiple anode Tesla valves, but the anode reactant all passes through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction. When the deceleration flow channel 11 includes more than two anode Tesla valves, the anode Tesla valves can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 3 , in this embodiment, the deceleration flow channel 11 is constructed as follows: The anode reactant inlet 111 is connected to the head ends of 6 groups of anode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel through a shunt section, and the tail ends of the 6 groups of anode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel are connected to the anode reactant outlet 112 through a confluence section. Each group of anode Tesla valve groups is composed of 12 anode Tesla valves connected in series.

[0046] See Figure 4, the cathode 1 is mainly composed of a cathode substrate 70, on which an acceleration flow channel 71 is provided. The acceleration flow channel 71 is provided with a cathode reactant inlet 711 and a cathode reactant outlet 712. Let the side of the cathode 7 adjacent to the anode 1 be the second plane. The acceleration flow channel 71 is mostly a flow channel groove provided on the second plane of the cathode substrate 70. In this way, when the cathode reactant flows in the acceleration flow channel 71, it can contact the diffusion layer B6 through the notch of the acceleration flow channel 71.

[0047] The acceleration flow channel 71 may include one cathode Tesla valve, or may include two cathode Tesla valves, or may include multiple cathode Tesla valves, but the cathode reactant all passes through the positive direction of the cathode Tesla valve. When the acceleration flow channel 71 includes more than two cathode Tesla valves, the cathode Tesla valves may be connected in series, or may be connected in parallel, or may be connected in series-parallel hybrid. See Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the acceleration flow channel 71 is constructed as follows: the cathode reactant inlet 711 is communicated with the heads of 6 groups of cathode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel through a shunt section, and the tails of the 6 groups of cathode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel are communicated with the cathode reactant outlet 712 through a confluence section. Each group of cathode Tesla valve groups is composed of 12 cathode Tesla valves connected in series.

[0048] During use, the acceleration flow channel is arranged horizontally, or the acceleration flow channel is formed into a gravity flow channel. For Figure 4 the shown acceleration flow channel 71, the acceleration flow channel is composed of a connecting flow channel and a cathode Tesla valve. The cathode Tesla valve includes a straight-through branch and a bent-back branch. The straight-through branch is arranged obliquely downward or vertically downward, and the outlet of the bent-back branch is not higher than the lowest point of the bent-back branch. The connecting flow channel is a gravity flow channel or a horizontal flow channel. Figure 4 Among them, for two cathode Tesla valves connected in series, the bent-back branch of one cathode Tesla valve and the bent-back branch of the other cathode Tesla valve are arranged on both sides of the straight-through branch, and in particular, the formation of a cathode product accumulation point in the bent-back branch should be avoided.

[0049] Embodiment 2: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, see Figures 1 - 4 , including a cathode 1, a diffusion layer A2, a catalyst layer A3, a proton exchange membrane 4, a catalyst layer B5, a diffusion layer B6 and a cathode 7 stacked in sequence. The surface of the cathode 1 close to the diffusion layer A2 is a plane, and the surface of the cathode 7 close to the diffusion layer B6 is a plane. Usually, both the cathode 1 and the cathode 7 are selected as plates. Therefore, the cathode 1 and the cathode 7 are simply referred to as fuel cell bipolar plates.

[0050] See Figure 3 , the anode 1 is mainly composed of an anode substrate 10, on which a deceleration flow channel 11 is provided. The deceleration flow channel 11 is provided with an anode reactant inlet 111 and an anode reactant outlet 112. See Figure 4, the cathode 1 is mainly composed of a cathode substrate 70, on which an acceleration flow channel 71 is provided, and the acceleration flow channel 71 is provided with a cathode reactant inlet 711 and a cathode reactant outlet 712.

[0051] Let the side of the anode 1 adjacent to the cathode 7 be the first plane, and the side of the cathode 7 adjacent to the anode 1 be the second plane. A reference plane is formed between the first plane and the second plane, and the deceleration flow channel 11 and the acceleration flow channel 71 are axially symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane.

[0052] The deceleration flow channel 11 may include one anode Tesla valve, or may include two anode Tesla valves, or may include multiple anode Tesla valves, but the anode reactants all pass through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction. When the deceleration flow channel 11 includes more than two anode Tesla valves, the anode Tesla valves may be connected in series, or may be connected in parallel, or may be connected in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 3 , in this embodiment, the deceleration flow channel 11 is constructed as follows: the anode reactant inlet 111 is connected to the heads of 6 groups of anode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel through a shunt section, and the tails of the 6 groups of anode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel are connected to the anode reactant outlet 112 through a confluence section. Each group of anode Tesla valve groups is composed of 12 anode Tesla valves connected in series.

[0053] The acceleration flow channel 71 may include one cathode Tesla valve, or may include two cathode Tesla valves, or may include multiple cathode Tesla valves, but the cathode reactants all pass through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction. When the acceleration flow channel 71 includes more than two cathode Tesla valves, the cathode Tesla valves may be connected in series, or may be connected in parallel, or may be connected in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the acceleration flow channel 71 is constructed as follows: the cathode reactant inlet 711 is connected to the heads of 6 groups of cathode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel through a shunt section, and the tails of the 6 groups of cathode Tesla valve groups arranged in parallel are connected to the cathode reactant outlet 712 through a confluence section. Each group of cathode Tesla valve groups is composed of 12 cathode Tesla valves connected in series.

[0054] In this embodiment, a flow channel is constructed using Tesla valves arranged in the same direction. After the flow channel is formed on the anode substrate 10, the flow channel is formed into the deceleration flow channel 11 by utilizing the characteristic of reverse deceleration of the Tesla valve. After the flow channel is formed on the cathode substrate 70, the flow channel is formed into the acceleration flow channel 71 by utilizing the characteristic of forward acceleration of the Tesla valve, and by setting the positions of the anode 1 and the cathode 7, the deceleration flow channel 11 and the acceleration flow channel 71 are axially symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane.

[0055] Embodiment 3: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, see Figure 5 , 7-8, including an anode 1, a diffusion layer A 2, a catalyst layer A 3, a proton exchange membrane 4, a catalyst layer B 5, a diffusion layer B 6, and a cathode 7 that are sequentially stacked. The side of the anode 1 adjacent to the diffusion layer A 2 is a flat surface, and the side of the cathode 7 adjacent to the diffusion layer B 6 is a flat surface. Usually, both the anode 1 and the cathode 7 are made of plates, so the anode 1 and the cathode 7 are collectively referred to as the fuel cell bipolar plates.

[0056] See Figure 7 , the anode 1 is mainly composed of an anode substrate 10, on which a deceleration flow channel 11 is provided. The deceleration flow channel 11 is provided with an anode reactant inlet 111 and an anode reactant outlet 112. Let the side of the anode 1 adjacent to the cathode 7 be the first plane. The deceleration flow channel 11 is mostly a flow channel groove provided on the first plane of the anode substrate 10. In this way, when the anode reactant flows in the deceleration flow channel 11, it can contact the diffusion layer A 2 through the notch of the deceleration flow channel 11.

[0057] The deceleration flow channel 11 can include one anode Tesla valve, or two anode Tesla valves, or multiple anode Tesla valves, but the anode reactant all passes through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction. When the deceleration flow channel 11 includes more than two anode Tesla valves, the anode Tesla valves can be connected in series, or in parallel, or in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 7 , in this embodiment, the deceleration flow channel 11 is constructed as follows: the anode reactant inlet 111 is communicated with the anode reactant outlet 112 through 72 anode Tesla valves connected in series.

[0058] See Figure 8 , the cathode 1 is mainly composed of a cathode substrate 70, on which an acceleration flow channel 71 is provided. The acceleration flow channel 71 is provided with a cathode reactant inlet 711 and a cathode reactant outlet 712. Let the side of the cathode 7 adjacent to the anode 1 be the second plane. The acceleration flow channel 71 is mostly a flow channel groove provided on the second plane of the cathode substrate 70. In this way, when the cathode reactant flows in the acceleration flow channel 71, it can contact the diffusion layer B 6 through the notch of the acceleration flow channel 71.

[0059] The acceleration flow channel 71 can include one cathode Tesla valve, or two cathode Tesla valves, or multiple cathode Tesla valves, but the cathode reactant all passes through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction. When the acceleration flow channel 71 includes more than two cathode Tesla valves, the cathode Tesla valves can be connected in series, or in parallel, or in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 8 , in this embodiment, the acceleration flow channel 71 is constructed as follows: the cathode reactant inlet 711 is communicated with the cathode reactant outlet 712 through 72 cathode Tesla valves connected in series.

[0060] Example 4: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, seeFigures 5 - 8 It includes a cathode 1, a diffusion layer A 2, a catalytic layer A 3, a proton exchange membrane 4, a catalytic layer B 5, a diffusion layer B 6, and a cathode 7 which are sequentially stacked. The side of the cathode 1 close to the diffusion layer A 2 is a plane, and the side of the cathode 7 close to the diffusion layer B 6 is a plane. Usually, both the cathode 1 and the cathode 7 are made of plates. Therefore, the cathode 1 and the cathode 7 are collectively referred to as the fuel cell bipolar plates.

[0061] See Figure 7 As shown, the anode 1 is mainly composed of an anode substrate 10. A deceleration flow channel 11 is provided on the anode substrate 10, and the deceleration flow channel 11 is provided with an anode reactant inlet 111 and an anode reactant outlet 112. See Figure 8 As shown, the cathode 1 is mainly composed of a cathode substrate 70. An acceleration flow channel 71 is provided on the cathode substrate 70, and the acceleration flow channel 71 is provided with a cathode reactant inlet 711 and a cathode reactant outlet 712.

[0062] Let the side of the anode 1 adjacent to the cathode 7 be the first plane, and the side of the cathode 7 adjacent to the anode 1 be the second plane. A reference plane is formed between the first plane and the second plane. The deceleration flow channel 11 and the acceleration flow channel 71 are symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane.

[0063] The deceleration flow channel 11 may include one anode Tesla valve, may also include two anode Tesla valves, or may further include multiple anode Tesla valves, but the anode reactants all pass through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction. When the deceleration flow channel 11 includes more than two anode Tesla valves, the anode Tesla valves may be connected in series, may be connected in parallel, or may be connected in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 7 In this embodiment, the deceleration flow channel 11 is constructed as follows: The anode reactant inlet 111 is communicated with the anode reactant outlet 112 through 72 anode Tesla valves arranged in series.

[0064] The acceleration flow channel 71 may include one cathode Tesla valve, may also include two cathode Tesla valves, or may further include multiple cathode Tesla valves, but the cathode reactants all pass through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction. When the acceleration flow channel 71 includes more than two cathode Tesla valves, the cathode Tesla valves may be connected in series, may be connected in parallel, or may be connected in a series-parallel hybrid connection. See Figure 8 In this embodiment, the acceleration flow channel 71 is constructed as follows: The cathode reactant inlet 711 is communicated with the cathode reactant outlet 712 through 72 cathode Tesla valves arranged in series.

[0065] In this embodiment, a flow channel is constructed using Tesla valves arranged in the same direction. After the flow channel is formed on the anode substrate 10, the reverse deceleration characteristic of the Tesla valve is utilized to form a deceleration flow channel 11. After the flow channel is formed on the cathode substrate 70, the forward acceleration characteristic of the Tesla valve is utilized to form an acceleration flow channel 71. By setting the positions of the anode 1 and the cathode 7, the deceleration flow channel 11 and the acceleration flow channel 71 are symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane axis.

[0066] It should be understood that the fuel cell bipolar plates of the anode and cathode structures in Examples 1-4 can also be installed on other fuel cells involving gas or liquid transport and transmission.

[0067] Embodiment 5: A vehicle includes a main vehicle body and a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell is a fuel cell of any one of Embodiments 1 to 4. The fuel cell is used in the vehicle to mainly supply power or charge electrical equipment. The electrical equipment may be a battery, a motor, a lamp, etc.

[0068] The present invention is described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that it is impossible to describe all possible implementation methods in practice, and the inventive concept of the present invention is described as much as possible by way of example. Without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention and without creative work, the technical personnel in this technical field make selections and combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments, make experimental changes to the specific parameters, or use the prior art in this technical field to conventionally replace the disclosed technical means of the present invention to form specific embodiments, which should all belong to the implicit disclosure of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell bipolar plate, comprising an anode and a cathode, characterized in that, A deceleration flow channel is provided on the anode, and an acceleration flow channel is provided on the cathode; The deceleration flow channel includes at least one anode Tesla valve, and the anode reactant passes through the anode Tesla valve in the reverse direction; The acceleration flow channel includes at least one cathode Tesla valve, and the cathode reactant passes through the cathode Tesla valve in the forward direction. The acceleration flow channel is arranged horizontally, or the acceleration flow channel is a gravity flow channel; The acceleration flow channel is composed of a connecting flow channel and the cathode Tesla valve. The cathode Tesla valve includes a straight-through branch and a bent-back branch. The straight-through branch is arranged obliquely downward or vertically downward, and the outlet of the bent-back branch is not higher than the lowest point of the bent-back branch. The connecting flow channel is a gravity flow channel or a horizontal flow channel; The anode Tesla valve or the cathode Tesla valve is connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel hybrid connection.

2. The fuel cell bipolar plate according to claim 1, wherein The side of the anode adjacent to the cathode is a first plane, and the side of the cathode adjacent to the anode is a second plane. A reference plane is formed between the first plane and the second plane. The deceleration flow channel and the acceleration flow channel are axially symmetrically arranged with the reference plane as the symmetry plane.

3. A fuel cell, characterized in that, It includes a fuel cell bipolar plate as described in any one of claims 1-2.

4. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a fuel cell as described in claim 3.

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