A power supply circuit, a power supply method and an autonomous driving vehicle

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a power supply circuit, a power supply method, and an autonomous driving vehicle, relating to the field of electrical technologies, and particularly to the field of power supply control technologies. The specific implementation solution is that a control unit is connected to a pre-charging unit and a wake-up signal input terminal, and is configured to output an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal; output a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit in response to receiving the wake-up signal; the pre-charging unit is connected to an energy storage unit and is configured to output a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the enabling signal; stop outputting the first charging voltage in response to receiving the disabling signal; a protection unit is connected to the wake-up signal input terminal and the energy storage unit and is configured to output a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the wake-up signal; the energy storage unit is configured to receive the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage and store electrical energy, wherein the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of electrical technologies, and in particular, to a power supply circuit, a power supply method, and an autonomous driving vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, its usage rate in electric vehicles is also increasing. Among them, in autonomous driving electric vehicles, the battery serves as the main power supply unit and powers the autonomous driving system and in-vehicle loads through the backend circuit. However, this backend circuit often remains in a working state, and the large static power consumption leads to the consumption of battery energy. Therefore, how to reduce power consumption to improve battery life has always been one of the key issues concerned in the field of autonomous driving power control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides a power supply circuit, a power supply method, and an autonomous driving vehicle, which reduce the static power consumption of the power supply circuit.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a power supply circuit is provided. The power supply circuit includes a control unit, a pre-charging unit, an energy storage unit, a protection unit, and a wake-up signal input terminal. Among them,

[0005] The control unit is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit and the wake-up signal input terminal, and is configured to output an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal; and output a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit in response to receiving the wake-up signal;

[0006] The pre-charging unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit, and is configured to output a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the enabling signal; and stop outputting the first charging voltage in response to receiving the disabling signal;

[0007] The protection unit is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal and the energy storage unit, and is configured to output a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal;

[0008] The energy storage unit is configured to receive the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage and store electrical energy, where the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a power supply method is provided, which is applied to a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit includes a control unit, a pre-charging unit, an energy storage unit, a protection unit, and a wake-up signal input terminal. The power supply method includes:

[0010] In response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, the control unit outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit; the pre-charging unit outputs a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit based on the enabling signal; the energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the first charging voltage;

[0011] In response to receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, the control unit outputs a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit; the pre-charging unit stops outputting the first charging voltage based on the disabling signal; the protection unit outputs a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit; the energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the second charging voltage, wherein the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an autonomous vehicle, including a battery, an autonomous driving processor, and the foregoing power supply circuit, wherein,

[0013] The battery is electrically connected to the power supply circuit and is configured to output a battery voltage to the power supply circuit; the power supply circuit is electrically connected to the autonomous driving processor and is configured to receive the battery voltage and output the stored electrical energy to the autonomous driving processor.

[0014] It should be understood that the content described in this part is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily understood through the following description. Description of the Drawings

[0015] The drawings are used to better understand the solution and do not constitute a limitation to the present disclosure. Among them:

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre - charging unit, a protection unit, and an energy storage unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre - charging unit, a protection unit, and an energy storage unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pre - charging unit, a protection unit, and an energy storage unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pre - charging unit, a protection unit, and an energy storage unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pre - charging unit, a protection unit, and an energy storage unit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 12 is a schematic flow chart of a power supply method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an autonomous vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The following makes an explanation of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure are included to facilitate understanding, and they should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, the description of well - known functions and structures is omitted below.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms "first", "second", and similar words used in the embodiments of the present invention do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. Words such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0031] Figure 1 shows a power supply circuit of the present disclosure. As Figure 1 shown, the power supply circuit includes: a control unit 10, a pre-charging unit 12, an energy storage unit 14, a protection unit 16, and a wake-up signal input terminal WAK. Among them,

[0032] The control unit 10 is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit 12 and the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, and is configured to output an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit 12 in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK; and output a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit 12 in response to receiving a wake-up signal.

[0033] The pre-charging unit 12 is electrically connected to the energy storage unit 14, and is configured to output a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14 in response to receiving the enabling signal; and stop outputting the first charging voltage in response to receiving the disabling signal;

[0034] The protection unit 16 is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK and the energy storage unit 14, and is configured to output a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14 in response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK;

[0035] The energy storage unit 14 is configured to receive the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage and store electrical energy, where the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage.

[0036] In this embodiment, the energy storage unit is connected to the load of the autonomous driving vehicle, such as an autonomous driving processor, to supply power to the autonomous driving processor. Among them, the wake-up signal is used to wake up the protection unit in the sleep mode, so that it switches to the working mode and provides the second charging voltage for the energy storage unit, thereby realizing full-load power supply for the autonomous driving vehicle; when there is no need to supply power to the high-power load or the autonomous driving processor in the autonomous driving vehicle, the protection unit is in the sleep mode, thereby reducing the power consumption of the protection unit; at this time, the pre-charging unit provides the first charging voltage for the energy storage unit, thereby realizing power supply for the low-power load in the autonomous driving vehicle, where the first charging voltage can maintain the low-power demand of the autonomous driving vehicle.

[0037] It should be understood that the voltage value of the first charging voltage and the voltage value of the second charging voltage are both proportional to the resistance value of the load to be powered, that is, the larger the resistance value of the load to be powered, the larger the voltage value of the first charging voltage and the voltage value of the second charging voltage. From the foregoing description, it can be seen that when the wake-up signal is not received for pre-charging, power is supplied to the low-power load in the autonomous driving vehicle; when the wake-up signal is received, full-load power supply is provided for the autonomous driving vehicle. Therefore, it can be known that the second charging voltage in this embodiment is greater than the first charging voltage.

[0038] In this embodiment, the generation method of the wake-up signal includes: the key switch is restarted, that is, an ignition key signal is detected; or other controllers communicate and wake up through the CAN bus, such as the MCU controller. It should be noted that when the wake-up signal is not received, the first charging voltage can supply power to the MCU controller.

[0039] In a specific application scenario, when using Figure 1 the power supply circuit for power supply, the following situations exist:

[0040] In response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, the control unit outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charge unit; the pre-charge unit outputs a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit based on the enabling signal; the energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the first charging voltage;

[0041] In response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, the control unit outputs a disabling signal to the pre-charge unit; the pre-charge unit stops outputting the first charging voltage based on the disabling signal; the protection unit outputs a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit; the energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the second charging voltage.

[0042] In this embodiment, when there is no need to supply power to high-power loads, the protection unit is in a sleep state. The pre-charge unit is introduced to supply power to the low-power loads of the autonomous vehicle. On the basis of maintaining the basic performance of the vehicle, the power consumption of the protection unit is reduced, thereby improving the battery life and meeting the requirements of power-saving standby. It is widely used in the battery power supply system in the field of autonomous driving.

[0043] Continuing to refer to Figure 2 , the power supply circuit of the present disclosure further includes a standby source voltage input terminal SBS and a battery voltage input terminal BAT. The control unit includes a voltage regulator module 100, a first switch module 102, a voltage division module 104, and a control unit output terminal CTR, where

[0044] The standby source voltage input terminal SBS is electrically connected to the voltage regulator module 100 and is configured to output a standby source voltage to the voltage regulator module 100;

[0045] The voltage regulator module 100 is electrically connected to the first switch module 102 and is configured to output a first voltage signal to the first switch module 102 based on the standby source voltage;

[0046] The first switch module 102 is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK and the voltage division module 104, and is configured to open the first switch module 102 in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, and output a second voltage signal to the voltage division module 104 based on the first voltage signal; and close the first switch module 102 in response to receiving a wake-up signal and stop outputting the second voltage signal;

[0047] The battery voltage input terminal BAT is electrically connected to the voltage dividing module 104 and is configured to output a battery voltage to the voltage dividing module 104;

[0048] The voltage dividing module 102 is electrically connected to the control unit output terminal CTR and is configured to output an enabling signal to the control unit output terminal CTR in response to receiving a second voltage signal, and to output a disabling signal to the control unit output terminal CTR in response to not receiving the second voltage signal;

[0049] The control unit output terminal CTR is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit and is configured to output an enabling signal or a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

[0050] In this embodiment, the battery voltage input terminal BAT is usually connected to a 12V or 24V storage battery to provide a battery voltage to the voltage dividing module; the second voltage signal is a voltage value capable of driving the voltage dividing module. That is to say, only when the voltage dividing module receives the second voltage signal, will it output an enabling signal to the control unit output terminal CTR; when the second voltage signal is not received, a disabling signal is output to the control unit output terminal CTR.

[0051] In a specific application scenario, based on Figure 2 the circuit structure shown, the steps for the control unit to output an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit include:

[0052] The standby source voltage input terminal SBS outputs a standby source voltage to the voltage stabilizing module;

[0053] The voltage stabilizing module outputs a first voltage signal to the first switch module based on the standby source voltage;

[0054] The first switch module, in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, turns on the first switch module and outputs a second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal;

[0055] The battery voltage input terminal BAT outputs a battery voltage to the voltage dividing module;

[0056] The voltage dividing module outputs an enabling signal to the control unit output terminal CTR based on the second voltage signal;

[0057] The control unit output terminal CTR outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

[0058] In a specific application scenario, based on Figure 2 the circuit structure shown, the steps for the control unit to output a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit include:

[0059] The first switch module, in response to receiving a wake-up signal, turns off the first switch module and stops outputting the second voltage signal;

[0060] The voltage division module outputs a shutdown signal to the output terminal CTR of the control unit in response to not receiving the second voltage signal;

[0061] The output terminal CTR of the control unit outputs a shutdown signal to the pre-charge unit.

[0062] In this embodiment, when the wake-up signal is not received, the protection unit is in the sleep mode, the first switch module is turned on, and an enable signal is output to the pre-charge unit to supply power to the low-power load by the pre-charge unit; when the wake-up signal is received, the second switch module is turned off, and a shutdown signal is output to the pre-charge unit to stop the pre-charge unit from supplying power to the low-power load. At this time, the protection unit switches to the working mode, thereby reducing the power consumption of the protection unit and improving the battery life.

[0063] Continue to refer to Figure 3 , the first switch module 102 includes a first switch element 1020 and a second switch element 1022 that are electrically connected. Among them,

[0064] The first switch element 1020 is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, and is configured to turn on the second switch element 1022 in response to not receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, and turn off the second switch element 1022 in response to receiving the wake-up signal;

[0065] The second switch element 1022 is electrically connected to the voltage regulation module 100 and the voltage division module 104, and is configured to output a second voltage signal to the voltage division module 104 based on the first voltage signal received from the voltage regulation module 100 in response to being turned on, and stop outputting the second voltage signal in response to being turned off.

[0066] In this embodiment, based on Figure 3 the circuit structure shown, when the first switch element turns on the second switch element in response to not receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK; the second switch element outputs a second voltage signal to the voltage division module based on the first voltage signal received from the voltage regulation module in response to being turned on; when the first switch element turns off the second switch element in response to receiving the wake-up signal; the second switch element stops outputting the second voltage signal in response to being turned off.

[0067] In this embodiment, the voltage regulation module includes a voltage regulation circuit mainly composed of a voltage regulation diode or a mirror current source voltage regulation circuit mainly composed of a triode, etc. The voltage division module can control the divided voltage through resistor voltage division or an adjustable potentiometer.

[0068] In this embodiment, by determining whether the first switching element receives a wake-up signal, the opening or closing of the second switching element is controlled, so as to determine whether to output a second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module, thereby realizing different selections for the energy storage unit to be powered by the pre-charging unit and the protection unit, effectively solving the problem of high static (sleep) power consumption of the application device at the battery rear end, and improving the service life of the battery.

[0069] In some alternative implementation manners of this embodiment, such as Figure 4 shown, the voltage stabilizing module includes a first voltage stabilizing diode Z1; the voltage dividing module includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, where

[0070] the negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is electrically connected to the standby power input terminal, and the positive electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode Z1 is grounded;

[0071] the control terminal Y1 of the first switching element is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, the first terminal A1 of the first switching element is grounded, and the second terminal B1 of the first switching element is electrically connected to the control terminal Y2 of the second switching element and the standby power supply voltage input terminal SBS;

[0072] the first terminal A2 of the second switching element is grounded, and the second terminal B2 of the second switching element is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1;

[0073] the second terminal of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2 and the output terminal CTR of the control unit;

[0074] the second terminal of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal BAT.

[0075] Referring to Figure 5 , in some alternative implementation manners of this embodiment, the voltage stabilizing module further includes a third resistor R3, where the first terminal of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the standby power supply voltage input terminal SBS; the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode Z1 and the second terminal B1 of the first switching element.

[0076] In this embodiment, the voltage stabilizing module composed of the third resistor and the first voltage stabilizing diode can provide a more stable first voltage signal for the first switching module, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the power supply circuit.

[0077] In addition, the first switching element and the second switching element in the foregoing embodiment may be a relay, a triode, etc., and those skilled in the art can make a reasonable selection according to actual needs, and the present application does not limit this here.

[0078] Referring to Figure 6 , in some alternative implementation manners of this embodiment, the first switching element includes a first transistor Q1 and a first diode D1, and the second switching element includes a second transistor Q2 and a second diode D2, where

[0079] The positive electrode of the first diode D1 is grounded, and the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the second end of the third resistor;

[0080] The gate of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, and the source and drain of the first transistor Q1 are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first diode D1;

[0081] The positive electrode of the second diode D2 is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor;

[0082] The gate of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the first diode D1, and the source and drain of the second transistor Q2 are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the second diode D2.

[0083] It should be noted that the transistors used in this embodiment include two types: P-type transistors (PMOS) and N-type transistors (NMOS). Among them, the P-type transistor conducts when the gate is at a low level and cuts off when the gate is at a high level; the N-type transistor conducts when the gate is at a high level and cuts off when the gate is at a low level. This application does not make any limitations in this regard, and the type of transistor can be reasonably selected according to actual needs.

[0084] In addition, the first pole of the transistor provided in this embodiment can be the source electrode, then the second pole is the drain electrode, or vice versa. The present invention does not make any limitations in this regard, and it can be reasonably selected according to the type of transistor.

[0085] In some alternative implementation manners of this embodiment, such as Figure 6 shown, the first transistor and the second transistor are NMOS transistors, where

[0086] The control unit uses the standby source voltage input from the standby source voltage input terminal SBS to provide a stable driving level, that is, the first voltage signal, to the gate terminal of the second transistor Q5 through the third resistor R3 and the first voltage regulator Z1;

[0087] When the first transistor Q1 does not receive the wake-up signal, the gate of Q1 is at a low level, Q1 is cut off, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, and based on the first voltage signal, a second voltage signal is output to the voltage division module;

[0088] When the first transistor Q1 receives the wake-up signal, the wake-up signal provides a stable gate driving level for the first transistor Q1. Under the conduction action of the third resistor R3 and the first transistor Q1, the gate of the second transistor Q2 is kept at a low level, controlling the disconnection of the drain and source of the second transistor Q2. That is to say, the second transistor Q2 is turned off, and the output of the second voltage signal to the voltage division module is stopped.

[0089] Figure 7The schematic circuit structure diagram of the pre-charging unit of the present disclosure is shown, as Figure 7 shown, the pre-charging unit includes a second voltage regulator diode 120, a current limiting module 122, and a second switching module 124, wherein,

[0090] The second switching module 124 is electrically connected to the output end CTR of the control unit, the second voltage regulator diode, and the current limiting module 122, and is configured to output a conduction signal to the current limiting module 122 in response to receiving an enabling signal; and output a cut-off signal to the current limiting module 122 in response to receiving a disabling signal;

[0091] The current limiting module 122 is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal BAT and the energy storage unit 14, and is configured to output a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14 in response to receiving the battery voltage and the conduction signal; and stop outputting the first charging voltage in response to receiving the cut-off signal.

[0092] It should be noted that, Figure 7 the output end CTR of the control unit in Figures 2 - 6 is the same port as the output end CTR of the control unit in

[0093] That is to say, the control unit is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit through the output end CTR of the control unit, and outputs an enabling signal or a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit through the output end CTR of the control unit.

[0094] In this embodiment, when the second switching module receives the enabling signal, the second switching module is turned on and outputs a conduction signal to the current limiting module. At this time, the battery voltage input terminal BAT, the current limiting module, the second switching module, and the energy storage unit form a pre-charging circuit, and output a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14; when the second switching module receives the disabling signal, the second switching module is turned off and outputs a cut-off signal to the current limiting module. At this time, the battery voltage input terminal BAT, the current limiting module, the second switching module, and the energy storage unit form an open circuit, and stop outputting the first charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14.

[0095] Refer to Figure 8 , the current limiting module 122 of this embodiment includes a fourth resistor R4, and the second switching module 124 includes a third switching element, wherein,

[0096] The positive electrode of the second voltage regulator Z2 is electrically connected to the output terminal CTR of the control unit and the control terminal Y3 of the third switching element, and the negative electrode of the second voltage regulator Z2 is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal BAT and the first terminal of the fourth resistor R4;

[0097] The second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the first terminal A3 of the third switching element;

[0098] The second terminal B3 of the third switching element is electrically connected to the energy storage unit.

[0099] In this embodiment, the third switching element can be a relay or a triode.

[0100] As Figure 8 shown, the pre-charging unit 12 pre-charges the energy storage unit 14, and the energy storage unit 14 supplies the stored electrical energy to the in-vehicle load through the output terminal OUTPUT of the power supply circuit to ensure the normal operation of the in-vehicle load. In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the fourth resistor R4 is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor. When the power of the in-vehicle load is higher than the maximum power that the energy storage unit can provide, for example, 100 mw, the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4 increases, the first charging voltage of the energy storage unit decreases, the pre-charging circuit is disconnected, and the charging of the energy storage unit stops; since the first charging voltage on the energy storage unit decreases, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit decreases, and the in-vehicle load cannot operate normally. At this time, the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4 gradually decreases, the pre-charging circuit closes, and the energy storage unit continues to be charged. In this embodiment, by setting the fourth resistor R4 as a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, the pre-charging circuit is disconnected when the in-vehicle load power is too large, and the pre-charging circuit is closed when the in-vehicle load power is less than the maximum power that the energy storage unit can provide, further reducing power consumption and increasing battery life.

[0101] See Figure 9 , in an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the third switching element includes a third transistor Q3 and a third diode D3, where

[0102] The positive electrode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the energy storage unit 14, and the negative electrode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4; in this embodiment, the third diode is used to prevent reverse current from being generated in the pre-charging circuit, thereby increasing battery life.

[0103] The gate of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the output terminal CTR of the control unit and the positive electrode of the second voltage regulator Z2, and the source and drain of the third transistor Q3 are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the third diode D3.

[0104] The third transistor used in this embodiment may be a P-type transistor or an N-type transistor, which is not limited in this application, and the type of transistor can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation. In some alternative implementation manners of this embodiment, the third transistor is a PMOS transistor.

[0105] Referring to Figure 8 , the protection unit 16 of the present disclosure includes an anti-reverse and surge suppression chip 160 and a fourth switching element 162, wherein,

[0106] The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip 160 is used to prevent the battery from being reversely connected and to suppress excessive current generated in the energy storage unit at the moment when the battery is powered on. The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip 160 is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK and the fourth switching element 162, and is configured to output a first driving signal to the fourth switching element 162 in response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK;

[0107] The fourth switching element 162 is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal BAT and the energy storage unit 14, and is configured to output a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14 in response to receiving the first driving signal.

[0108] In this embodiment, when the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip 160 receives a wake-up signal, it outputs a first driving signal to the fourth switching element 162; the fourth switching element 162 is turned on based on the first driving signal, and forms a large-load charging loop with the battery voltage input terminal BAT, the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip, and the energy storage unit, so as to output a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14.

[0109] Compared with the prior art in which the back-end circuit of the battery often remains in a working state, in this embodiment, only when the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip receives a wake-up signal, the protection unit switches from the sleep mode to the working mode, forms a large-load charging loop, and outputs a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit; when no wake-up signal is received, the protection unit does not work, enters the sleep mode, and stops outputting the second charging voltage to the energy storage unit, reducing the power consumption generated by the protection unit and improving the battery life.

[0110] In addition, referring to Figure 8 , the energy storage unit includes a capacitor C; a first end of the capacitor C is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit 12 and the protection unit 16, and a second end of the capacitor C is grounded.

[0111] Referring to Figure 8 , a first end A4 of the fourth switching element 162 is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal BAT, a second end B4 of the fourth switching element 162 is electrically connected to the energy storage unit 14, and a control end Y4 of the fourth switching element 162 is electrically connected to a first end S1 of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip 160;

[0112] The second terminal S2 of the reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip 160 is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, and the third terminal S3 of the reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip 160 is grounded.

[0113] See Figure 9 , in an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the fourth switching element includes a fourth transistor Q4 and a fourth diode D4, where

[0114] The positive electrode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the energy storage unit, and the negative electrode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal BAT; in this embodiment, the fourth diode is used to prevent reverse current from being generated in the large-load charging circuit, thereby improving the battery life.

[0115] The gate of the fourth transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the first terminal S1 of the reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip 160, and the source and drain of the fourth transistor Q4 are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the fourth diode D4.

[0116] The fourth transistor adopted in this embodiment can be a P-type transistor or an N-type transistor, which is not limited in this application, and the type of the transistor can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation. In some alternative implementations of this embodiment, the fourth transistor is a PMOS transistor.

[0117] See Figure 10 , the protection unit 16 of the present disclosure further includes a fifth switching element 164, where

[0118] The first terminal A5 of the fifth switching element 164 is electrically connected to the second terminal B4 of the fourth switching element 162, the second terminal B5 of the fifth switching element 164 is connected to the energy storage unit 14, and the control terminal C5 of the fifth switching element 164 is electrically connected to the fourth terminal S4 of the reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip 162;

[0119] The reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip is configured to output a second driving signal to the fifth switching element 164 in response to receiving a wake-up signal;

[0120] The fifth switching element 164 is configured to output a reverse current prevention protection signal to the pre-charging unit 12 in response to not receiving the second driving signal; and form a conduction voltage with the fourth switching element 162 in response to receiving the second driving signal;

[0121] The reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip is further configured to turn off the fourth switching element 162 and stop outputting the second charging voltage in response to the conduction voltage exceeding the threshold voltage preset by the reverse current prevention and surge suppression chip.

[0122] Among them, the second driving signal is used to turn on the fifth switching element. Based on the actual situation, the threshold voltage on the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip is reasonably set. In this embodiment, by judging whether the conduction voltage formed between the fifth switching element and the fourth switching element exceeds the preset threshold voltage, the fourth switching element is controlled to be turned on or off. When the conduction voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, the fourth switching element is turned off, and the second charging voltage output is stopped to protect the power supply circuit, thereby improving the battery life.

[0123] Continue to refer to Figure 11 , in an alternative implementation manner of this embodiment, the fifth switching element includes a fifth transistor Q5 and a fifth diode D5, where

[0124] The positive electrode of the fifth diode D5 is electrically connected to the positive electrodes of the pre-charging unit 12 and the fourth diode D4, and the negative electrode of the fifth diode D5 is electrically connected to the energy storage unit 14; the gate of the fifth transistor Q5 is electrically connected to the fourth terminal S4 of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip 160, and the source and drain electrodes of the fifth transistor Q5 are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the fifth diode Q5.

[0125] Take Figure 6 and Figure 11 as examples to illustrate two charging processes, where:

[0126] In response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, the standby source voltage input terminal SBS outputs a standby source voltage to the third resistor R3 and the first zener diode Z1. Based on this standby source voltage, a driving level is provided for the gate of the second transistor Q2. Since the gate of the first transistor Q1 is at a low level, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, and the second transistor Q2 is turned on, outputting a second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module; the battery voltage input terminal BAT outputs a battery voltage to the voltage dividing module. Based on this second voltage signal, the battery voltage outputs an enabling signal to the control unit output terminal CTR through the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the second zener diode Z2; the control unit output terminal CTR provides a stable driving level for the gate terminal and the source terminal of the third transistor Q3 based on the enabling signal, ensuring the conduction of the third transistor Q3, and realizing that the battery voltage input terminal BAT pre-charges the capacitor C through the surge suppression power fourth resistor R4. The equivalent charging time is 4*r4*Chold. Thus, in the low-power unawakened state, the capacitor C stores electrical energy using the first charging voltage, and then the stored electrical energy is provided to the load to be powered through the output terminal OUTPUT of the power supply circuit, thereby ensuring the stable power supply of the circuit under low power, where r4 is the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4, and Chold is the capacitance value of the capacitor C.

[0127] In response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal WAK, the wake-up signal provides a stable gate drive level for the first transistor Q1. Under the conduction action of the third resistor R3 and the first transistor Q1, the gate of the second transistor Q2 is maintained at a low level, controlling the disconnection of the drain and source of the second transistor Q2. The first resistor R1 and the resistor R2 do not form a current path, resulting in a voltage of 0 across the second resistor R2 for the battery voltage, such that the voltage between the gate terminal and the source terminal of the third transistor Q3 is 0V, thereby turning off the conduction state between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the third transistor Q3, disconnecting the path for the battery voltage to charge the capacitor C through the fourth resistor R4, that is, the pre-charge circuit is open, and stopping the output of the first charging voltage to the capacitor C; at the same time, the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip controlled by the wake-up signal drives the gates of the fourth transistor Q4 and the fifth transistor Q5, such that the source terminal and the drain terminal of the fourth transistor Q4, and the source terminal and the drain terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 are conducting, and the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip controls the charging of the capacitor C in a constant current state, ensuring the full-load operating state of the electrical device after the protection unit switches to the operating mode.

[0128] In addition, in this embodiment, the protection unit is composed of an anti-reverse and surge suppression chip, the fourth transistor Q4, the fourth diode D4, the fifth transistor Q5, and the fifth diode D4; the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip passes the current of the large-load charging circuit to form a voltage between the on-resistance of the fourth transistor Q4 and the on-resistance of the fifth transistor Q5. Comparing the voltage between the drains of Q4 and Q5 with the threshold voltage preset by the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip, the forward and reverse current limits are accurately controlled, and the internal comparator of the chip is configured to compare the detected voltage. For example:

[0129] When the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip detects that the forward current from Q4 to the drain-drain voltage of Q5 exceeds the threshold voltage, it turns off Q4 by pulling down the gate level of Q4;

[0130] When the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip detects that the reverse current from Q4 to the drain-drain voltage of Q5 exceeds the threshold voltage, it turns off Q5 by pulling down the gate level of Q5, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing the reverse current.

[0131] Another embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a power supply method applied to a power supply circuit, where the power supply circuit includes a control unit, a pre-charge unit, an energy storage unit, a protection unit, and a wake-up signal input terminal, as Figure 12 shown, the method includes:

[0132] S200. In response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, the control unit outputs an enable signal to the pre-charge unit;

[0133] S202. The pre-charging unit outputs a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit based on the enabling signal;

[0134] S204. The energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the first charging voltage;

[0135] S200'. In response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, the control unit outputs a shutdown signal to the pre-charging unit;

[0136] S202'. The pre-charging unit stops outputting the first charging voltage based on the shutdown signal;

[0137] S204'. The protection unit outputs a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit;

[0138] S206'. The energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the second charging voltage, where the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage.

[0139] In this embodiment, when there is no need to supply power to high-power loads in the autonomous driving vehicle, steps S200 to S204 are executed, and the protection unit is in the sleep mode, thereby reducing the power consumption of the protection unit. At this time, the pre-charging unit provides the first charging voltage for the energy storage unit, so as to realize power supply for low-power loads in the autonomous driving vehicle; when it is necessary to supply power to high-power loads in the autonomous driving vehicle, steps S200' to S206' are executed, and the protection unit in the sleep mode is awakened and switched to the working mode to provide the second charging voltage for the energy storage unit, so as to realize power supply for all loads in the autonomous driving vehicle.

[0140] In this embodiment, when there is no need to supply power to high-power loads, the protection unit is in the sleep state. By introducing a pre-charging unit for low-power loads in the autonomous driving vehicle, while maintaining the basic performance of the vehicle, the power consumption of the protection unit is reduced, the battery life is extended, the requirement of the autonomous driving vehicle for power-saving standby is met, and it is widely applied to the battery power supply system in the field of autonomous driving.

[0141] In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the power supply circuit further includes a standby source voltage input terminal and a battery voltage input terminal, and the control unit includes a voltage stabilization module, a voltage division module, a first switch module, and a control unit output terminal. Among them, the control unit outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit, including:

[0142] The standby source voltage input terminal outputs a standby source voltage to the voltage stabilization module;

[0143] The voltage stabilization module outputs a first voltage signal to the first switch module based on the standby source voltage;

[0144] The first switch module turns on the first switch module in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, and outputs a second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal;

[0145] The battery voltage input terminal outputs a battery voltage to the voltage dividing module;

[0146] The voltage dividing module outputs an enabling signal to the control unit output terminal based on the second voltage signal;

[0147] The control unit output terminal outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

[0148] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the control unit outputting a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit includes:

[0149] The first switch module turns off the first switch module in response to receiving a wake-up signal, and stops outputting the second voltage signal;

[0150] The voltage dividing module outputs a disabling signal to the control unit output terminal in response to not receiving the second voltage signal;

[0151] The control unit output terminal outputs a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

[0152] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the first switch module includes a first switch element and a second switch element connected electrically, wherein outputting the second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal includes:

[0153] The first switch element turns on the second switch element in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal;

[0154] The second switch element outputs the second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal received from the voltage stabilizing module in response to being turned on.

[0155] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, stopping the output of the second voltage signal includes:

[0156] The first switch element turns off the second switch element in response to receiving a wake-up signal;

[0157] The second switch element stops outputting the second voltage signal in response to being turned off.

[0158] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the pre-charging unit includes: a second zener diode, a current limiting module, and a second switch module, wherein the pre-charging unit outputting a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit according to the enabling signal includes:

[0159] The second switch module outputs a conducting signal to the current limiting module in response to receiving the enabling signal;

[0160] The current limiting module outputs a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the battery voltage and the conduction signal.

[0161] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, when the pre-charging unit receives the shutdown signal and stops outputting the first charging voltage, it includes:

[0162] The second switch module outputs a cut-off signal to the current limiting module in response to receiving the shutdown signal;

[0163] The current limiting module stops outputting the first charging voltage in response to receiving the cut-off signal.

[0164] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the protection unit includes an anti-reverse and surge suppression chip and a fourth switch element. Among them, outputting a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit includes:

[0165] The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip outputs a first driving signal to the fourth switch element in response to receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal;

[0166] The fourth switch element outputs a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the first driving signal.

[0167] In an alternative implementation of this embodiment, the protection unit further includes a fifth switch element. Among them, the power supply method further includes:

[0168] The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip outputs a second driving signal to the fifth switch element in response to receiving the wake-up signal;

[0169] The fifth switch element forms a conduction voltage with the fourth switch element in response to receiving the second driving signal;

[0170] The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip turns off the fourth switch element and stops outputting the second charging voltage in response to the conduction voltage exceeding the threshold voltage preset by the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip;

[0171] The fifth switch element outputs an anti-reverse protection signal to the pre-charging unit in response to not receiving the second driving signal.

[0172] As Figure 13 shown, another embodiment of the present application provides an autonomous driving vehicle, including: a battery, an autonomous driving processor, and the power supply circuit of the foregoing embodiment. Among them,

[0173] The battery is electrically connected to the power supply circuit and is configured to output a battery voltage to the power supply circuit;

[0174] The power supply circuit is electrically connected to the autonomous driving processor and is configured to receive the battery voltage and output the stored electrical energy to the autonomous driving processor.

[0175] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and no limitations are imposed herein.

[0176] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub - combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, comprising a control unit, a pre-charging unit, an energy storage unit, a protection unit, a wake-up signal input terminal, a standby source voltage input terminal, and a battery voltage input terminal, wherein the pre-charging unit comprises: A second voltage regulator, a current limiting module, and a second switch module. The protection unit includes: an anti-reverse and surge suppression chip and a fourth switching element, wherein, The control unit is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit and the wake-up signal input terminal, and is configured to, in response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, put the protection unit in a sleep mode and output an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit; and in response to receiving the wake-up signal, output a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit. The pre-charging unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit and is configured to, in response to receiving the enabling signal, output a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit; and in response to receiving the disabling signal, stop outputting the first charging voltage; The protection unit is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal and the energy storage unit and is configured to, in response to receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, output a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit; The energy storage unit is configured to receive the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage, store electrical energy, and supply the stored electrical energy to in-vehicle loads through the power supply circuit output terminal, wherein the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage; The second switch module outputs a conduction signal to the current limiting module in response to receiving the enabling signal; and outputs a cut-off signal to the current limiting module in response to receiving the disabling signal; The current limiting module is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal and the energy storage unit and is configured to, in response to receiving the battery voltage and the conduction signal, output the first charging voltage to the energy storage unit; and in response to receiving the cut-off signal, stop outputting the first charging voltage; The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip outputs a first driving signal to the fourth switching element in response to receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal; The fourth switching element is electrically connected to the battery voltage input terminal and the energy storage unit and is configured to, in response to receiving the first driving signal, output the second charging voltage to the energy storage unit.

2. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit includes a voltage regulation module, a voltage division module, a first switch module, and a control unit output terminal, wherein, The standby source voltage input terminal is electrically connected to the voltage regulation module and is configured to output a standby source voltage to the voltage regulation module; The voltage regulation module is electrically connected to the first switch module and is configured to output a first voltage signal to the first switch module based on the standby source voltage; The first switch module is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input terminal and the voltage division module and is configured to, in response to not receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, open the first switch module and output a second voltage signal to the voltage division module based on the first voltage signal; and in response to receiving the wake-up signal, close the first switch module and stop outputting the second voltage signal; The battery voltage input terminal is electrically connected to the voltage division module and is configured to output the battery voltage to the voltage division module; The voltage dividing module is electrically connected to the output end of the control unit, and is configured to output the enabling signal to the output end of the control unit in response to receiving the second voltage signal, and output the disabling signal to the output end of the control unit in response to not receiving the second voltage signal; The output end of the control unit is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit, and is configured to output the enabling signal or the disabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

3. The power supply circuit according to claim 2, wherein, The first switch module includes a first switch element and a second switch element which are electrically connected, wherein, The first switch element is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input end, and is configured to turn on the second switch element in response to not receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input end, and turn off the second switch element in response to receiving the wake-up signal; The second switch element is electrically connected to the voltage stabilizing module and the voltage dividing module, and is configured to output a second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal received from the voltage stabilizing module in response to being turned on, and stop outputting the second voltage signal in response to being turned off.

4. The power supply circuit according to claim 3, wherein, The voltage stabilizing module includes a first voltage stabilizing diode; the voltage dividing module includes a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein, The negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the standby source voltage input end, and the positive electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is grounded; The control end of the first switch element is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input end, the first end of the first switch element is grounded, and the second end of the first switch element is electrically connected to the control end of the second switch element and the standby source voltage input end; The first end of the second switch element is grounded, and the second end of the second switch element is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor; The second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the second resistor and the output end of the control unit; The second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the battery voltage input end.

5. The power supply circuit according to claim 4, wherein, The voltage stabilizing module further includes a third resistor, wherein the first end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the standby source voltage input end; the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode and the second end of the first switch element.

6. The power supply circuit according to claim 5, wherein, The first switch element includes a first transistor and a first diode, and the second switch element includes a second transistor and a second diode, wherein, The positive electrode of the first diode is grounded, and the negative electrode of the first diode is electrically connected to the second end of the third resistor; The gate of the first transistor is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input end, and the source and drain of the first transistor are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first diode respectively; The positive electrode of the second diode is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor; The gate of the second transistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the first diode, and the source and drain of the second transistor are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the second diode respectively.

7. The power supply circuit according to claim 6, wherein, The first transistor and the second transistor are NMOS transistors.

8. The power supply circuit according to claim 7, wherein, The current limiting module includes a fourth resistor, and the second switch module includes a third switch element, wherein, The positive electrode of the second voltage regulator diode is electrically connected to the output end of the control unit and the control end of the third switching element, and the negative electrode of the second voltage regulator diode is electrically connected to the battery voltage input end and the first end of the fourth resistor; The second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the third switching element; The second end of the third switching element is electrically connected to the energy storage unit.

9. The power supply circuit according to claim 8, wherein, The third switching element includes a third transistor and a third diode, wherein, The positive electrode of the third diode is electrically connected to the energy storage unit, and the negative electrode of the third diode is electrically connected to the second end of the fourth resistor; The gate of the third transistor is electrically connected to the output end of the control unit and the positive electrode of the second voltage regulator diode, and the source-drain electrodes of the third transistor are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the third diode.

10. The power supply circuit according to claim 9, wherein, The third transistor is a PMOS transistor.

11. The power supply circuit according to claim 10, wherein, The first end of the fourth switching element is electrically connected to the battery voltage input end, the second end of the fourth switching element is electrically connected to the energy storage unit, and the control end of the fourth switching element is electrically connected to the first end of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip; The second end of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip is electrically connected to the wake-up signal input end, and the third end of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip is grounded.

12. The power supply circuit according to claim 11, wherein, The fourth switching element includes a fourth transistor and a fourth diode, wherein, The positive electrode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the energy storage unit, and the negative electrode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the battery voltage input end; The gate of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip, and the source-drain electrodes of the fourth transistor are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the fourth diode.

13. The power supply circuit according to claim 12, wherein, The fourth transistor is an NMOS transistor.

14. The power supply circuit according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The protection unit further includes a fifth switching element, wherein, The first end of the fifth switching element is electrically connected to the second end of the fourth switching element, the second end of the fifth switching element is connected to the energy storage unit, and the control end of the fifth switching element is electrically connected to the fourth end of the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip; The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip is configured to output a second driving signal to the fifth switching element in response to receiving the wake-up signal; The fifth switching element is configured to output an anti-reverse protection signal to the pre-charging unit in response to not receiving the second driving signal; and to form a conduction voltage with the fourth switching element in response to receiving the second driving signal; The anti-reverse and surge suppression chip is further configured to turn off the fourth switching element and stop outputting the second charging voltage in response to the conduction voltage exceeding the threshold voltage preset by the anti-reverse and surge suppression chip.

15. The power supply circuit according to claim 14, wherein, The fifth switching element includes a fifth transistor and a fifth diode, wherein, The positive electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit and the positive electrode of the fourth diode, and the negative electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected to the energy storage unit; The gate of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the fourth terminal of the reverse and surge suppression chip, and the source and drain of the fifth transistor are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the fifth diode respectively.

16. The power supply circuit according to claim 15, wherein, The fifth transistor is an NMOS transistor.

17. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The energy storage unit includes a capacitor; The first terminal of the capacitor is electrically connected to the pre-charging unit and the protection unit, and the second terminal of the capacitor is grounded.

18. A power supply method, applied to a power supply circuit, wherein, The power supply circuit includes a control unit, a pre-charging unit, an energy storage unit, a protection unit, a wake-up signal input terminal, a standby source voltage input terminal, and a battery voltage input terminal. The pre-charging unit includes: a second voltage regulator diode, a current limiting module, and a second switch module. The protection unit includes: a reverse and surge suppression chip and a fourth switching element. The method includes: In response to not receiving a wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, the protection unit is in a sleep mode, and the control unit outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit; the pre-charging unit outputs a first charging voltage to the energy storage unit based on the enabling signal; the energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the first charging voltage and supplies the stored electrical energy to the in-vehicle load through the output terminal of the power supply circuit; the second switch module outputs a conduction signal to the current limiting module in response to receiving the enabling signal; the current limiting module outputs the first charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the battery voltage and the conduction signal; In response to receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal, the control unit outputs a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit; the pre-charging unit stops outputting the first charging voltage based on the disabling signal; the protection unit outputs a second charging voltage to the energy storage unit; the energy storage unit stores electrical energy based on the second charging voltage and supplies the stored electrical energy to the in-vehicle load through the output terminal of the power supply circuit; the second switch module outputs a cut-off signal to the current limiting module in response to receiving the disabling signal; the current limiting module stops outputting the first charging voltage in response to receiving the cut-off signal; the reverse and surge suppression chip outputs a first driving signal to the fourth switching element in response to receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal; the fourth switching element outputs the second charging voltage to the energy storage unit in response to receiving the first driving signal, wherein the second charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage.

19. The power supply method according to claim 18, wherein the control unit includes a voltage stabilizing module, a voltage dividing module, a first switching module, and an output terminal of the control unit, where, The control unit outputs an enabling signal to the pre-charging unit, including: The standby source voltage input terminal outputs a standby source voltage to the voltage regulation module; The voltage regulation module outputs a first voltage signal to the first switch module based on the standby source voltage; The first switch module opens the first switch module in response to not receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input terminal and outputs a second voltage signal to the voltage division module based on the first voltage signal; The battery voltage input terminal outputs a battery voltage to the voltage division module; The voltage division module outputs the enabling signal to the output terminal of the control unit based on the second voltage signal; The output end of the control unit outputs the enabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein The control unit outputs a disabling signal to the pre-charging unit, including: In response to receiving the wake-up signal, the first switch module turns off the first switch module and stops outputting the second voltage signal; In response to not receiving the second voltage signal, the voltage dividing module outputs the disabling signal to the output end of the control unit; The output end of the control unit outputs the disabling signal to the pre-charging unit.

21. The power supply method according to claim 19, wherein the first switch module includes a first switch element and a second switch element that are electrically connected, where Outputting the second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal includes: In response to not receiving the wake-up signal from the wake-up signal input end, the first switch element turns on the second switch element; In response to being turned on, the second switch element outputs the second voltage signal to the voltage dividing module based on the first voltage signal received from the voltage stabilizing module.

22. The power supply method according to claim 21, wherein, Stopping outputting the second voltage signal includes: In response to receiving the wake-up signal, the first switch element turns off the second switch element; In response to being turned off, the second switch element stops outputting the second voltage signal.

23. The power supply method according to claim 22, wherein, The protection unit further includes a fifth switch element, wherein the power supply method further includes: In response to receiving the wake-up signal, the reverse connection and surge suppression chip outputs a second driving signal to the fifth switch element; In response to receiving the second driving signal, the fifth switch element forms a conduction voltage with the fourth switch element; In response to the conduction voltage exceeding the threshold voltage preset by the reverse connection and surge suppression chip, the reverse connection and surge suppression chip turns off the fourth switch element and stops outputting the second charging voltage; In response to not receiving the second driving signal, the fifth switch element outputs a reverse connection protection signal to the pre-charging unit.

24. An autonomous driving vehicle, comprising a battery, an autonomous driving processor, and a power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein The battery is electrically connected to the power supply circuit and is configured to output a battery voltage to the power supply circuit; The power supply circuit is electrically connected to the autonomous driving processor and is configured to receive the battery voltage and output stored electrical energy to the autonomous driving processor.

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