Solar cell and photoactive layer coating device thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solar cell and a photoactive layer coating device thereof. The cell includes a first electrode pattern, a photoactive layer pattern, and a second electrode pattern; the first electrode pattern, the photoactive layer pattern, and the second electrode pattern are sequentially superimposed on a substrate; the first electrode pattern serves as the positive electrode layer of the solar cell; the second electrode pattern serves as the negative electrode layer of the solar cell; the portion of the second electrode pattern deposited on the first electrode pattern that extends from the photoactive layer pattern serves as the positive electrode portion; the portion of the second electrode pattern deposited on the photoactive layer pattern serves as the negative electrode portion; the positive terminal serves as the output or connection terminal of the positive electrode portion; the negative terminal serves as the connection or output terminal of the negative electrode portion; the first electrode pattern extends from the photoactive layer pattern at the portion of the solar cell excluding the negative terminal, and the negative terminal extends from the first electrode pattern at the negative terminal. A photoactive layer coating device is also disclosed. The implementation of the present invention greatly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and solves the problem of reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency due to the long charge collection distance of existing solar cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell and a photoactive layer coating device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Since organic solar cells and other batteries such as perovskites have poor exciton diffusion capabilities, factors such as series resistance and charge collection distance have a great influence on the conversion efficiency. It is necessary to connect the photoactive layer to the electrode as close as possible and conduct current through the positive and negative electrodes.

[0003] However, when existing solar cells are connected in series, only part of the electrode area is exposed for electrode connection or electrode output, and the charge collection distance is long, resulting in a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. Figure 1 .

[0004] At the same time, when coating the photoactive layer of solar cells, it is difficult to pattern them using traditional photolithography methods. There is an urgent need for a large-scale, efficient and low-cost device to pattern the active layer of solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The photoactive layer coating in existing solar cells urgently needs a patterning device that can be applied on a large scale, is efficient and low-cost. At the same time, the charge collection distance of current solar cells is long, resulting in reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0006] In response to the above problems, a solar cell and a photoactive layer coating device thereof are provided, which greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by depositing a second electrode pattern on the portion of the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern as the positive electrode portion; extending the first electrode pattern from the photoactive layer pattern at the portion other than the negative terminal of the solar cell, and extending the negative electrode portion from the first electrode pattern at the negative terminal. This solves the problem that the charge collection distance of current solar cells is long, resulting in a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0007] In a first aspect, a solar cell includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and further includes:

[0008] a first electrode pattern;

[0009] a photoactive layer pattern;

[0010] a second electrode pattern;

[0011] The first electrode pattern, the photoactive layer pattern, and the second electrode pattern are sequentially superimposed on the substrate;

[0012] The first electrode pattern is the positive electrode layer of the solar cell;

[0013] The second electrode pattern is the cathode layer of the solar cell;

[0014] The second electrode pattern is deposited on a portion of the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern as a positive electrode portion;

[0015] The portion of the second electrode pattern deposited on the photoactive layer pattern is a cathode portion;

[0016] The positive terminal is the output end or connection end of the positive electrode part;

[0017] The negative terminal is the connection terminal or output terminal of the negative electrode part;

[0018] The first electrode pattern extends out of the photoactive layer pattern at a portion of the solar cell except the negative electrode end, the negative electrode portion extends out of the first electrode pattern at the negative electrode end, and the negative electrode portion is disconnected from the positive electrode portion.

[0019] In conjunction with the solar cell structure described in the first aspect of the present invention, in a first possible implementation manner, the solar cell includes:

[0020] multiple sub-batteries;

[0021] The sub-cells are connected end to end in series to form the solar cell.

[0022] In combination with the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, in a second possible implementation manner, the material used for the photoactive layer pattern includes at least one polymer.

[0023] In combination with the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, in a third possible implementation manner, the material used for the photoactive layer pattern includes at least one inorganic material, and the inorganic material includes perovskite, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide.

[0024] In combination with the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the first electrode pattern includes a transparent conductive oxide and / or an opaque metal.

[0025] In combination with the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present invention, in a fifth possible implementation manner, the transparent conductive oxide is SnO2, ITO, ZnO or AZO, and the opaque metal is aluminum, nickel, gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, chromium, titanium or palladium.

[0026] In combination with any one of the first to fourth possible implementations of the first aspect of the present invention, in a sixth possible implementation, the effective power generation areas of the sub-cells in the solar cell are equal.

[0027] In a second aspect, a photoactive layer coating device is provided for producing the photoactive layer in the solar cell according to the first aspect, comprising:

[0028] At least one transverse gluing blade;

[0029] At least one longitudinal gluing blade;

[0030] a first rigid spacer;

[0031] a second rigid spacer;

[0032] The first rigid spacer and the second rigid spacer are respectively provided with a first space pattern and a second space pattern, which are used to form a photoactive layer pattern by controlling the liquid outlet width and the liquid outlet position;

[0033] The first rigid gasket and the second rigid gasket are respectively arranged in the slits of the transverse gluing blade and the longitudinal gluing blade;

[0034] The transverse glue coating blade is used to move the liquid transversely according to the control instruction and utilize the first rigid gasket to form a first coating pattern;

[0035] The longitudinal coating knife head is used to form a second coating pattern by discharging liquid at a position corresponding to the first coating pattern according to the control instruction and by utilizing the second rigid gasket to move longitudinally;

[0036] The first coating pattern and the second coating pattern constitute a photoactive layer pattern.

[0037] In conjunction with the photoactive layer coating device described in the second aspect of the present invention, in a first possible implementation manner, a width W1 of a space in the first space pattern is smaller than a width W2 of a space in the second space pattern.

[0038] The solar cell and photoactive layer coating device thereof described in the present invention are implemented by depositing the second electrode pattern on the portion of the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern as the positive electrode portion; the first electrode pattern is extended from the photoactive layer pattern at the portion of the solar cell except the negative terminal, and the negative electrode portion extends from the first electrode pattern at the negative terminal, thereby greatly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and solving the problem that the charge collection distance of current solar cells is long, resulting in reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a photoactive layer pattern in a solar cell according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a photoactive layer pattern, a first electrode pattern, a second electrode pattern and their superposition in a solar cell according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional embodiment of a photoactive layer pattern, a first electrode pattern, and a second electrode pattern superimposed in a solar cell according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram comparing an embodiment of a photoactive layer pattern, a first electrode pattern, and a second electrode pattern superimposed in a solar cell of the present invention with the prior art;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of multiple sub-batteries connected in series in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a rigid gasket in a solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a transverse glue coating blade and its first coating pattern in a solar cell photoactive layer coating device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a longitudinal glue coating blade and its second coating pattern in a solar cell photoactive layer coating device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a solar cell photoactive layer coating device and a photoactive layer pattern thereof in the present invention;

[0049] The numbers in the accompanying drawings indicate the following parts: 100 - positive electrode part, 200 - negative electrode part, 110 - positive terminal, 210 - negative terminal, 500 - horizontal glue coating blade, 510 - first coating pattern, 600 - vertical glue coating blade, 610 - second coating pattern, 700 - photoactive layer pattern.

[0050] Specific implementation methods

[0051] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0053] The photoactive layer coating in existing solar cells urgently needs a patterning device that can be applied on a large scale, is efficient and has a low cost. At the same time, the charge collection distance of current solar cells is long, such as Figure 4 (a), resulting in a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0054] In order to solve the above problems, a solar cell and a photoactive layer coating device thereof are provided.

[0055] In a first aspect, a solar cell includes a positive terminal 110 and a negative terminal 210, which further includes a first electrode pattern, a photoactive layer pattern 700, and a second electrode pattern; the first electrode pattern, the photoactive layer pattern 700, and the second electrode pattern are sequentially superimposed on a substrate; the first electrode pattern is the positive electrode layer of the solar cell; the second electrode pattern is the negative electrode layer of the solar cell; the portion of the second electrode pattern deposited on the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern 700 is the positive electrode portion 100; the portion of the second electrode pattern deposited on the photoactive layer pattern is the negative electrode portion 200; the positive terminal 110 is the output end or connection end of the positive electrode portion 100; the negative terminal 210 is the connection end or output end of the negative electrode portion 200; the first electrode pattern extends the photoactive layer pattern 700 from the portion of the solar cell other than the negative terminal 210, and the negative electrode portion 200 extends the first electrode pattern from the negative terminal 210.

[0056] In an embodiment of the present application, the second electrode pattern is mainly divided into two parts, one part is deposited on the photoactive layer pattern, and the other part is deposited on the first electrode pattern. The part deposited on the photoactive layer pattern is disconnected from the part deposited on the first electrode pattern, so that the negative electrode portion 200 and the positive electrode portion 100 are not connected to each other.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figure 1 700 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a photoactive layer pattern in a solar cell according to the present invention; Figure 1 The photoactive layer pattern 700 is a single-cell or multi-cell solar cell.

[0058] like Figure 2 , Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a photoactive layer pattern 700, a first electrode pattern, a second electrode pattern and their superposition in a solar cell according to the present invention; Figure 2 (a) is the first electrode pattern, Figure 2 (b) is a photoactive layer pattern 700, covering the first electrode pattern. Figure 2 (c) Part of the second electrode pattern is deposited on the photoactive layer pattern 700, and the other part is deposited on the first electrode pattern and is disconnected from the second electrode pattern on the photoactive layer pattern 700; when solar cells are connected in series, the second electrode pattern on the photoactive layer pattern 700 of one cell is connected to the first electrode pattern of another cell and is disconnected from the second electrode pattern of that cell. Figure 2 The black filled part in (c) is the disconnection position of the second electrode pattern, which is achieved by mask evaporation or chemical etching and is not an actual film layer.

[0059] Preferably, the first electrode pattern includes a transparent conductive oxide and / or an opaque metal.

[0060] Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide is SnO2, ITO, ZnO or AZO, and the opaque metal is aluminum, nickel, gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, chromium, titanium or palladium.

[0061] Figure 2 (c) The cross-sectional diagram is shown in Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional embodiment of a superimposed photoactive layer pattern 700, first electrode pattern, and second electrode pattern in a solar cell according to the present invention. The photoactive layer pattern 700 of each single-cell solar cell must overlap the first electrode pattern on the side closest to the previous or next section, with the remaining area of ​​the first electrode pattern extending outward to overlap the second electrode pattern. Preferably, the material used for the photoactive layer pattern 700 includes at least one polymer.

[0062] Preferably, the material used for the photoactive layer pattern 700 includes at least one inorganic material, and the inorganic material includes perovskite, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide.

[0063] like Figure 4 , Figure 4 700, a first electrode pattern, and a second electrode pattern in a solar cell according to the present invention are compared with the prior art. Figure 4 (a) In the traditional connection method, only part of the electrode area is exposed for electrode series connection or electrode output, and the charge collection distance is long.

[0064] like Figure 4 (b) The connection method of the present invention extends the first electrode pattern except for the connection end or output end area, and is connected to the next battery cell after being overlapped by the second electrode pattern or directly used as an electrode output, greatly improving the charge collection efficiency.

[0065] The rigid spacer design in the horizontal glue-coating blade 500 / vertical glue-coating blade 600 can be adjusted to obtain a single-cell, double-cell, or multi-cell photoactive layer pattern 700. The photoactive layer pattern 700 corresponds to the series pattern of the battery cells.

[0066] like Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of multiple sub-cells connected in series in the present invention; when multiple cells are connected in series, the effective power generation areas of the sub-cells in the solar cell are equal to ensure maximum current output.

[0067] When it is a single-cell battery, except for the connection end portion, the first electrode pattern must extend out of the photoactive layer pattern 700 to facilitate the overlap of the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern, serving as an auxiliary trace to lead out the current.

[0068] Preferably, the solar cell includes a plurality of sub-cells; the sub-cells are connected in series end to end to form a solar cell.

[0069] In the case of multiple sub-cells, the output end of the extended portion of the first electrode pattern of the first solar cell serves as the positive terminal 110 of the cell, and the output end of the second electrode pattern in the active layer portion serves as the negative terminal 210 of the cell.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the negative terminal 210 also serves as a connection terminal connected to the positive terminal 110 of the second solar cell. The positive terminal 110 of the second solar cell also serves as a connection terminal connected to the negative terminal 210 of the first solar cell, and the negative terminal 210 of the second solar cell also serves as a connection terminal connected to the positive terminal 110 of the third solar cell.

[0071] Preferably, if Figure 2 (c) The positive electrode portion 100 and the negative electrode portion 200 are separated by mask evaporation or chemical etching.

[0072] By depositing the second electrode pattern on the portion of the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern 700 as the positive electrode portion 100; extending the first electrode pattern from the photoactive layer pattern 700 at the portion of the solar cell except the negative terminal 210, and extending the negative electrode portion 200 from the first electrode pattern at the negative terminal 210, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is greatly improved, and the problem that the charge collection distance of current solar cells is long, resulting in reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency, is solved.

[0073] In the second aspect, a photoactive layer coating device is provided for producing the photoactive layer in the solar cell of the first aspect, comprising at least one transverse glue coating blade 500, at least one longitudinal glue coating blade 600; a first rigid gasket; a second rigid gasket; the first rigid gasket and the second rigid gasket are respectively provided with a first space pattern and a second space pattern, for producing a photoactive layer pattern 700 by controlling the liquid outlet width and the liquid outlet position.

[0074] like Figure 6 , Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a rigid gasket in a solar cell photoactive layer coating device in the present invention.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the first rigid gasket and the second rigid gasket may be Figure 6 Simple deformation of medium rigidity gaskets.

[0076] The first rigid gasket and the second rigid gasket are respectively arranged in the slits of the transverse gluing blade head 500 and the longitudinal gluing blade head 600; the transverse gluing blade head 500 is used to discharge liquid in a transverse direction according to the control instruction and by utilizing the first rigid gasket to form a first coating pattern 510; the longitudinal gluing blade head 600 is used to discharge liquid in a position corresponding to the first coating pattern 510 according to the control instruction and by utilizing the second rigid gasket to form a second coating pattern 610; Figure 9 , Figure 9 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of a solar cell photoactive layer coating device and an active layer pattern 700 thereof in the present invention; a first coating pattern 510 and a second coating pattern 610 constitute the photoactive layer pattern 700.

[0077] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a transverse glue coating blade 500 and a first coating pattern 510 in a solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a longitudinal glue-coating blade 600 and its second coating pattern 610 in a solar cell photoactive layer coating apparatus according to the present invention. The transverse glue-coating blade 500 / longitudinal glue-coating blade 600 dispenses glue into the spaces between the first rigid spacer / second rigid spacer. Therefore, the width of the spaces in the first space pattern / second space pattern represents the width of each active layer pattern 700 in the first coating pattern 510 and the second coating pattern 610, respectively. The spacing between the spaces in the first space pattern / second space pattern represents the spacing between the widths of each active layer pattern 700 in the first coating pattern 510 and the second coating pattern 610, respectively.

[0078] The gluing length of the transverse gluing blade head 500 / the longitudinal gluing blade head 600 is variable and is controlled by a computer program.

[0079] Preferably, if Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the width W1 of the space in the first space pattern is smaller than the width W2 of the space in the second space pattern.

[0080] The width W1 of the spaces in the first space pattern and the width W2 of the spaces in the second space pattern are determined by the space widths of the first rigid spacer / the second rigid spacer.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the width W1 of the spaces in the first space pattern may also be greater than or equal to the width W2 of the spaces in the second space pattern.

[0082] The solar cell and the photoactive layer coating device thereof described in the present invention are implemented by depositing the second electrode pattern on the portion of the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern 700 as the positive electrode portion 100; the first electrode pattern is extended from the photoactive layer pattern 700 at the portion of the solar cell except the negative terminal 210, and the negative electrode portion 200 extends from the first electrode pattern at the negative terminal 210, thereby greatly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and solving the problem that the charge collection distance of current solar cells is long, resulting in a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0083] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell photoactive layer coating device, which is used to make a photoactive layer pattern in a solar cell, wherein the solar cell comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein: Also includes: a first electrode pattern; a photoactive layer pattern; a second electrode pattern; The first electrode pattern, the photoactive layer pattern, and the second electrode pattern are sequentially superimposed on the substrate; The first electrode pattern is the positive electrode layer of the solar cell; The second electrode pattern is the cathode layer of the solar cell; The second electrode pattern is deposited on a portion of the first electrode pattern extending from the photoactive layer pattern as a positive electrode portion; The portion of the second electrode pattern deposited on the photoactive layer pattern is a cathode portion; The positive terminal is the output end or connection end of the positive electrode part; The negative terminal is the connection terminal or output terminal of the negative electrode part; The first electrode pattern extends out of the photoactive layer pattern at a portion of the solar cell except the negative electrode end, the negative electrode portion extends out of the first electrode pattern at the negative electrode end, and the negative electrode portion is disconnected from the positive electrode portion; Characterized in that, the solar cell photoactive layer coating equipment comprises: At least one transverse gluing blade; At least one longitudinal gluing blade; a first rigid spacer; a second rigid spacer; The first rigid gasket and the second rigid gasket are respectively provided with a first space pattern and a second space pattern; The first rigid spacer and the second rigid spacer are used to produce the photoactive layer pattern by controlling the liquid outlet width and the liquid outlet position; The first rigid gasket and the second rigid gasket are respectively arranged in the slits of the transverse gluing blade head and the longitudinal gluing blade head; The transverse glue coating blade is used to move the liquid transversely according to the control instruction and utilize the first rigid gasket to form a first coating pattern; The longitudinal coating cutter head is used to form a second coating pattern by discharging liquid at a position corresponding to the first coating pattern according to the control instruction and by utilizing the second rigid gasket to move longitudinally; The first coating pattern and the second coating pattern constitute the photoactive layer pattern.

2. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A width W1 of a space in the first space pattern is smaller than a width W2 of a space in the second space pattern.

3. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material used for the photoactive layer pattern includes at least one polymer.

4. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material used for the photoactive layer pattern includes at least one inorganic material, and the inorganic material includes perovskite, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride or copper indium gallium selenide.

5. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode pattern includes a transparent conductive oxide and / or an opaque metal.

6. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transparent conductive oxide is SnO2, ITO, ZnO or AZO, and the opaque metal is aluminum, nickel, gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, chromium, titanium or palladium.

7. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises: multiple sub-batteries; The sub-cells are connected end to end in series to form the solar cell.

8. The solar cell photoactive layer coating device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The effective power generation areas of the subcells in the solar cell are equal.

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