Thermal sleeve liner for fluid flow devices and fluid flow devices incorporating such a liner

Abstract

A solid metal thermal insulation jacketing for fluid flow devices such as valves and pipes used in heavy industrial applications is additively manufactured (e.g., by 3D printing) to fit within the bore of the fluid flow device being protected. An inlaid support structure extending obliquely between the inner surfaces of the inner and outer shells provides increased thermal conduction resistance while also providing increased compressive force strength. An example support structure includes an array of four obliquely oriented elongate members that mutually intersect at an intermediate point between the inner surfaces of the inner and outer cylindrical shells. If the interior gap is sealed, they can be evacuated or pressurized to enhance thermal insulation properties. In some applications, pressure equalization ports can be provided on or through the jacketing if desired.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to PCT application No. PCT / IB2020 / 052256, filed March 12, 2020, and U.S. application No. 17 / 030,760, filed September 24, 2020. U.S. application No. 17 / 030,760 is a continuation-in-part (CIP) application claiming priority to PCT / IB2020 / 052256, which in turn claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 823,357, filed March 25, 2019. The entire contents of PCT application No. PCT / IB2020 / 052256 and U.S. application No. 17 / 030,760, filed March 12, 2020, are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0003] Background Technology and Summary of the Invention

[0004] Fluid flow devices (e.g., pipes, valves, nozzles) subjected to thermal shock in demanding industrial applications can benefit from thermal protection to reduce thermal stress, mitigate the effects of thermal shock, and prevent premature thermal fatigue. Fluid flow devices are subjected to cyclic high pressures, and temperature variations make them susceptible to failure due to thermal shock. Thermal shock refers to the sudden and significant change in thermal stress experienced by a flow device when the heat flux and temperature gradient are abruptly altered.

[0005] Thermal shock damage can be seen in a variety of demanding service industries (e.g., catalyst injection valves and their connecting pipes in fluidized bed hydrotreating ore refining applications). In fluidized bed hydrotreating systems, for example, valve bodies and metal seats have been observed to crack when valves are exposed to temperatures and pressures up to 850℉ and 3,500psi for 4 to 10 cycles per day. The cracking is thought to be due to the initial thermal stress experienced by the valve when it is opened after being kept closed and thus reaching ambient temperature for several hours, thus enduring such high temperatures and pressures. This phenomenon is particularly observed in winter when ambient temperatures drop (e.g., down to -40℉) and preheating systems fail.

[0006] Over the years, several innovations have been proposed to help mitigate the effects of temperature fluctuations, and in some cases, the proposed solutions have been adopted. Some of the currently used solutions include the use of materials with low thermal conductivity, the use of preheating systems, and the use of highly refractive thermal barrier coatings. Although these solutions have achieved some success, they still have drawbacks, which are addressed here by several example embodiments of improved insulating sleeve liners for fluid flow devices used in demanding industrial applications.

[0007] Preheating systems have proven unreliable. There have been reports of preheating system failures leading to valve operation without preheating. Valve body cracking is particularly observed when this occurs, and regular maintenance is necessary to prevent such incidents. This can be costly, but even then, proper operation cannot be guaranteed, especially during severe weather conditions.

[0008] Using materials with low thermal conductivity has proven ineffective, as cracking can still be observed in the bulk of the flow device. This clearly indicates their susceptibility to extreme cycling temperatures. This has led to the use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). While TBCs are generally more effective at providing thermal shock protection, they also have several limitations. TBCs are susceptible to erosion and corrosion, especially when they are in the flow path. TBCs require laborious and expensive processes to prepare, resulting in high initial costs. Furthermore, TBCs are notoriously brittle and prone to cracking, corrosion, and erosion. Sleeves with TBCs require frequent replacement.

[0009] Some non-exhaustive examples of prior thermally insulating bushings or other thermally protected internal interfaces for fluid flow devices can be found in, for example, the following previously published U.S. patent documents: Newberg, US 7,017,604; Williams, Jr. et al., US 8,783,279; Hofmann, US 2018 / 0051834; and Zhu et al., US 2018 / 0209322.

[0010] This document describes an improved, preferably additively manufactured (e.g., by 3D printing) insulation sleeve liner, the insulation sleeve liner being constructed from a material suitable for service applications (e.g., Inconel). Or other austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloys, high-nickel alloys, etc., or various types of ceramics and / or composite materials that those skilled in the art deem suitable for certain heavy-duty service applications), wherein the internal infill structure pattern forms internal voids that increase insulation properties but are structurally sufficient to serve as an insulating flow liner for the service application. Preferably, the infill is sized to maximize strength (i.e., to support the internal / external pressures experienced by the sleeve) while minimizing heat transfer (i.e., heat transfer from the inside to the outside of the sleeve). Multilayer materials can also be used if the sleeve is made of a wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, low thermal conductivity material. When the 3D-printed sleeve emerges from the printer, it is in a preform state. Subsequently, the portions can be subjected to hot isostatic pressing (sometimes called "sitting pressure") and / or heat treatment to reduce porosity and increase mechanical properties, respectively. Based on testing, all three states are considered effective.

[0011] The purpose of the exemplary embodiments described herein is to provide a thermal protection device that has different designs based on the manufacturing method and intended application.

[0012] In one example embodiment, the additively manufactured (i.e., 3D printed) thermal sleeve comprises two spaced-apart cylindrical shells and an internal infill pattern of an integrally formed support structure between them. This thermal sleeve is fitted into the flow path of a protected flow device (e.g., a valve, pipe, etc.). The sleeve can be locked by interference fit with the body. Other locking methods are also contemplated, such as brazing, welding, or one or more retaining rings. The infill can have a variable pattern, which can take, but is not limited to, centroid-oriented lattices, hollow honeycomb structures, etc. These patterns form a porous network of voids within the support structure between the two shells. This network structure traps air (or other insulating materials, such as inert nitrogen or insulating vacuum), thus allowing substantial internal insulation of the flow device to prevent or reduce thermal shock. A checkerboard arrangement or other structural pattern within the sleeve allows for free design of the infill percentage, making it customizable to process needs and parameters. The ends of the sleeve can remain open or fused. For sleeves with fused ends, the hermetically sealed filled pattern area or chamber can be vacuumed or pressurized (e.g., with air or an inert gas).

[0013] In another example embodiment, pressure equalization holes can be made on or through the sleeve. Although the sleeve can function as a solid, airtight structure, the pressure equalization holes ensure pressure balance between its inner and outer surfaces.

[0014] In another example embodiment, an unencapsulated thermal sleeve slides into the orifice of the flow device. This sleeve may have a variable external protruding surface pattern that can be altered according to process requirements. Examples of these may include externally protruding surface patterns with axial or radial ribs. The external surface pattern reduces the surface area in thermal contact with the internal orifice body of the flow device while still allowing air to be trapped within it. The device is preferably manufactured using additive manufacturing (e.g., by 3D printing), but some embodiments may be manufactured by other processes. Depending on the application, the thermal sleeve may have an abrasion-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer on its inner surface. Such functional-level layers can be deposited by conventional deposition methods (such as spraying thermal material) or by additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) processes.

[0015] For example embodiments installed in a flow device, different sleeve concepts can be capped (e.g., using a separate circumferential annular cap structure), or in other embodiments, they can have an integrally formed circumferential annular lip to secure and / or position the sleeve within the flow device. The lipped sleeve can be manufactured as a single piece, while the capped sleeve has two distinct parts: a main sleeve portion and a retaining cap portion. The lip or cap can interact with a larger-diameter orifice section at the proximal end of the main sleeve portion and a smaller-diameter orifice section at the other distal end of the main sleeve portion (to position and retain the main sleeve portion in the desired location within the flow device orifice). The cap can be made of the same material as the sleeve or the same or similar material to the flow device. After the main sleeve portion has slidably fitted into the length of the main orifice against the smaller-diameter distal orifice section, the retaining cap can be welded to the flow device on the proximal larger-diameter orifice section, thus securing the main sleeve portion in the desired location. The lip of the lip-added sleeve (if the lip is used instead of a separate cap ring) can be similarly welded directly to the body of the flow device at the larger diameter proximal orifice section to secure the sleeve in the desired position.

[0016] Some example embodiments of the improved additively manufactured insulating sleeve liner are sized to be intentionally smaller than the internal dimensions and external dimensions and surface area of ​​the protected flow device, thereby reducing thermal contact with the sleeve liner of the protected flow device and thus enhancing its thermal protection. The dimensions should provide the loosest possible fit, provided that it does not permit or cause excessive vibration or allow thermally conductive material to enter during use. In some embodiments, a loose fit clearance of a few thousandths of an inch (e.g., approximately 0.002 inches) may be suitable.

[0017] Some example embodiments of the improved additively manufactured insulating sleeve liner may include spaced-out external (i.e., outwardly projecting) structures to ensure less thermal contact with the inner surface of the protected flow device, thus further reducing thermal contact with the sleeve liner of the protected flow device and enhancing its thermal protection.

[0018] Some example embodiments of the improved additively manufactured insulating sleeve liner may include an integrally formed, larger-diameter lip at one end to help properly position and / or retain the sleeve liner within the protected flow device. This positioning / retaining end lip (e.g., with a diameter larger than the main sleeve liner body to retain the corresponding associated end in place during use) may also be formed as a separate retaining cap ring structure fixed (e.g., by several locating welds or sealing welds) in place within the protected flow device.

[0019] Some example embodiments of the improved additively manufactured insulating sleeve liner are installed within the protected flow device to provide an integrated flow device product incorporating the improved insulating sleeve. However, during use, due to wear and / or other deterioration, it may be necessary to periodically remove the insulating sleeve (e.g., by breaking the spot welds or seal welds that hold it in place) and replace it with a new or refurbished insulating sleeve. Additionally, if the flow device was not initially equipped with the improved additively manufactured insulating sleeve, it can be retrofitted to provide the desired thermal protection later.

[0020] The improved additively manufactured insulating sleeve liner is preferably constructed to prevent heat-conducting materials (e.g., catalyst particles with diameters typically ranging from about 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, having active metal catalysts, fine powders, and / or coke) from entering the internal cavities of the insulating sleeve or between the outer sleeve surface and the inner surface of the protected flow device. In this way, the insulating and protective properties of the sleeve can be better maintained. Meanwhile, at least in some applications, some pressure equalization may be required between the inner and outer surfaces of the insulating sleeve (which may include internal cavities). If a pressure equalization path is required, care should be taken to keep the pressure equalization path small enough to prevent the ingress of flowing heat-conducting particles (e.g., metal catalyst particles, fine powders, and / or coke).

[0021] Some example embodiments of additively manufactured insulating sleeve liners have two solid shells that sandwich a simultaneously formed additively manufactured infill pattern (i.e., manufactured via a conventional 3D printing process). The infill pattern can vary and can range from simple honeycomb structures to complex lattice structures, depending on process requirements and parameters. The sleeve can have open ends, or the ends can be fused to make the sleeve hermetically tight. In the case of a hermetically tight sleeve, the voids in the infill pattern chamber can be evacuated or pressurized.

[0022] Some example embodiments of additively manufactured insulation sleeve liners have variable patterns on the outer sleeve surface that can be modified according to the application.

[0023] Some example embodiments of additively manufactured insulation sleeve liners have a wear-resistant coating along the axial flow path.

[0024] Some example embodiments of additively manufactured insulating sleeve liners are secured by a separate retaining cap or have an integral lip, in either case, the separate retaining cap or integral lip being welded to one end of the hole to be protected on the flow device (e.g., using a spot weld or sealing weld that can be easily destroyed when the previously installed insulating sleeve is to be removed / replaced).

[0025] The exemplary embodiments described herein offer several advantages. The additively manufactured (e.g., 3D printed) insulation sleeve device is produced in a single manufacturing step, resulting in considerable savings. Minimal lead time is required because the design process is much shorter than with other manufacturing methods. Part verification can begin as soon as the part is printed. Because the device can be additively manufactured, unique and more complex structures can be created for filling without compromising sleeve integrity. Furthermore, minimal material waste occurs during additive manufacturing, and the uniform density of the resulting insulating sleeve ensures a more even distribution of sleeve strength.

[0026] To reduce the laborious process involving disassembly of the protected flow device during parts replacement or planned equipment maintenance, this example embodiment is designed for easy replacement upon reaching its design life. This can be accomplished by removing the flow device from the process and sliding the loosely fitted sleeve out of the flow device bore (after the lightly held spot weld or seal weld has been breached). Additionally, the toughness of the materials involved will ensure the sleeve is more robust than in the past, thus particularly ensuring less waste and the potential for reuse of the sleeve material. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings depict various exemplary embodiments for illustrative purposes, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the appended claims.

[0028] Figure 1A This is an isometric view of an example additively manufactured open-end insulating sleeve, in which... Figure 1A-1 The area shown is an enlarged local section to better depict the infill pattern sandwiched between the two shells;

[0029] Figure 1B This is an isometric view of an example additively manufactured fused end insulating sleeve, in which... Figure 1B-1 The area is an enlarged local section to better depict, as in Figure 1A-1 The internal fill pattern;

[0030] Figure 2A This is an isometric view of an example additively manufactured insulating sleeve with a cap (or lip) at one end and an open end at the other, wherein Figure 2A-1 The area shown is an enlarged local section to better depict the infill pattern sandwiched between the two shells;

[0031] Figure 2B This is an isometric view of an example additively manufactured insulating sleeve with a cap (or lip) at one end and fused at the other end, wherein Figure 2B-1 The area is an enlarged local section to better depict, as in Figure 2A-1 The internal fill pattern;

[0032] Figure 3A This is an equidistant and partial cross-sectional view of an example capped and additively manufactured radially ribbed insulation sleeve;

[0033] Figure 3B This is an equidistant and partial cross-sectional view of an example lipped and additively manufactured axially ribbed thermal insulation sleeve.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional isometric view of an example covered heat protection sleeve installed in a flanged flow device, wherein... Figure 4A This involves enlarging a local cross-section to better depict the internal filling pattern;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an example lipped heat-protective sleeve installed in a hole on a protected flow device. Figure 5-1 The area shown is an enlarged partial cross-section to better illustrate how the sleeve is assembled into the hole;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an example covered heat protection sleeve installed in the orifice of a flow device. Figure 6-1 The area shown is an enlarged partial cross-section to better illustrate how the capped sleeve is fitted into the hole;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic partial cross-sectional isometric view of a valve flow device with two flanged end connecting pipes and an internally installed thermal protection sleeve;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of an insulating sleeve liner having a filled pattern of inlaid support structures integrally formed with an inner shell and an outer shell by an additive manufacturing process, each support structure including four obliquely extending elongated members that jointly intersect at the midpoint between the inner shell and the outer shell.

[0039] Figure 8A It is inlaid in Figure 8 Enlarged view of one of the 3D support structures between the inner and outer shells of the insulating sleeve;

[0040] Figure 8B yes Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a partial oblique cross-section of the insulating sleeve shows the integral metal structure of the insulating sleeve produced by manufacturing through 3D printing, so that the shell and the support structure are formed as a single integral body.

[0041] Figure 9 A graphical representation of the simulation results is provided to compare the stresses applied when the infill structure occupies different percentages of the volume between the inner and outer shells;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view (without any filler pattern) showing the internal and external housing dimensions of an example embodiment with closed ends;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the inner and outer housing dimensions of another example embodiment with closed ends (no infill pattern is depicted);

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-section of an example thermal protection sleeve and associated components including a ball valve pipe fitting configured for protection through a mating sealing engagement with the thermal protection sleeve.

[0045] Figure 13 , Figure 13A and Figure 13B Provided for installation in matching pipe fittings Figure 12 A more detailed cross-section of an example thermal protection sleeve;

[0046] Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C The image depicts the removal of pipe fittings after installation in a mating configuration. Figure 12 The series of steps involved in an example thermal protection sleeve;

[0047] Figure 15 A 3D representation of an example thermal protection sleeve with a cut-out portion of the outer shell to reveal the internal inlay pattern of the supporting structure is provided.

[0048] Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 17A and Figure 17B Another example embodiment of a heat-resistant sleeve suitable for an interference-sealed fit within a protected pipe fitting is schematically depicted; and

[0049] Figure 18 These are open end views (from left to right) of three examples of thermal protection sleeves with 20%, 50%, and 80% fill patterns, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals may be used to indicate features that have the same or similar functions. Example embodiments are illustrated based on similar concepts, showcasing various designs to provide an overall view of the interaction between example insulating sleeve liners and flow devices.

[0051] Figure 1AThis is a schematic equidistant general overview of the insulating sleeve 10, which has an inner shell 12, an outer shell 14, a filling pattern 16 of a support structure including holes disposed between the inner shell 12 and the outer shell 14, and an open end 18 (see, for example, see...). Figure 1A-1 The material and packing pattern 16 of the heat jacket can be varied to provide different strengths and insulation depending on the intended application. As those skilled in the art will understand, typical fluidized bed hydrotreating applications deliver corrosive liquids carrying small (e.g., 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter) catalyst particles at temperatures of approximately 800°F to 1,100°F and pressures of approximately 3,400 psi. In this application, as those skilled in the art will understand, the heat jacket liner can typically be made of high-temperature alloys (e.g., tungsten alloys). As those skilled in the art will recognize, the material and construction of the heat jacket liner must be appropriately selected according to conventional standard design practices to suit the process parameters of the service application. These jacket characteristics are typically determined by the extreme pressures and temperatures the jacket will endure. The heat jacket liner 10 can slide into the flow device orifice. The open end 18 should fit tightly enough to the mating inner surface of the flow device such that no solid trapping (e.g., of thermally conductive catalyst particles) is possible within the chamber of the packing pattern 16 or between the outer housing 14 and the inner surface of the flow device.

[0052] The complex lattice-filled pattern 16 provides a longer and more indirect heat conduction path, while the air (or other insulating material or vacuum) left between the two shells due to the gaps in the filling pattern 16 has poor heat conduction properties, resulting in increased insulation.

[0053] Figure 1B This is a schematic equidistant overall overview of the insulating sleeve 20, which has an inner shell 12, an outer shell 14, a filling pattern 16 of a support structure including gaps and voids disposed between the inner shell 12 and the outer shell 14, and a fused end 22 (i.e., a closed end 22, such as...). Figure 1B-1 As depicted, this is to enclose the voids included within the filling structure 16 between the housings 12, 14 and the end portion 22. Figure 1A and Figure 1A-1Similar to the heat jacket 10, the material and filling pattern 16 of the heat jacket 20 can be varied according to the intended application to provide different strengths and insulation. Here, the voids in the chamber containing the filling pattern 16 can be evacuated or pressurized before the ends 22 are fused closed (e.g., one end can remain partially open and be connected to a vacuum source or a pressurized source of insulating gas or liquid fluid before this partial opening is also fused into a fully closed configuration). Once the voids are thus properly treated and the ends 22 are fused to the closed state, the insulating jacket liner 20 can be slidably fitted into the flow device orifice. The fused closed ends 22 make it impossible for any solids (e.g., metallic thermally conductive catalyst particles) to be trapped in the chamber of the filling pattern 16. The fused ends 22 should fit tightly enough to the mating inner surface of the flow device so that there is no solids (e.g., metallic thermally conductive catalyst particles) trapped between the outer housing 14 and the inner surface of the flow device.

[0054] Although some existing insulating sleeve liners have been shrink-fitted to fit tightly against the inner wall of the flow device, it is preferred to loosely slide the insulating sleeve liner 10 or 20 within the inner wall of the flow device to provide additional insulation between the hot, corrosive, and aggressive high-pressure flow material and the flow device structure.

[0055] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Example insulating sleeves 10 and 20 are depicted, each including a retaining cap or lip 24 at one end. The retaining cap may be constructed separately and fitted onto the end of the sleeve when installed within a flow device to secure it in place within the flow device during use. The retaining lip may be constructed as an integral part of the sleeve at the end to secure it in place within the flow device during use.

[0056] Figure 3A An example of a covered radially ribbed insulating sleeve liner 30 is depicted. When fitted within the inner surface of a flow device orifice, the externally extending gaps between the ribs 32 provide additional insulating space. The example sleeve liner 30 is preferably formed by additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) to provide a filling pattern to the central portion of the sleeve body between the inner and outer housings, as shown in... Figure 1A , Figure 1A-1 , Figure 1B , Figure 1B-1 , Figure 2A , Figure 2A-1 , Figure 2B and Figure 2B-1In the example, to provide further insulation, as in these previously described embodiments. The cut section highlights the end contact between the sleeve 30 and the individual retaining cap 34 (which functions as the retaining cap in the previously described embodiments). As those skilled in the art will recognize, if desired, the retaining cap 34 may be integrally formed with a retaining / positioning lip (as in... Figure 3B (Depicted in Chinese) instead.

[0057] Figure 3B An example axially ribbed insulating sleeve liner 36 with an added lip is depicted. When fitted within the inner surface of a flow device orifice, the externally extending gaps between the ribs 38 provide insulating space. The example sleeve liner 36 is preferably formed by additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) to provide a filling pattern to the central portion of the sleeve body between the inner and outer housings, as shown in... Figure 1A , Figure 1A-1 , Figure 1B , Figure 1B-1 , Figure 2A , Figure 2A-1 , Figure 2B and Figure 2B-1 In the example, to provide further insulation, as in these previously described embodiments, the cut section highlights the integrally formed retaining / positioning lip 40 at the end of the sleeve 36 (which functions as the retaining / positioning lip in the previously described embodiments). As those skilled in the art will recognize, the retaining / positioning lip 40 can be replaced with a separate retaining / positioning cap if desired (as in...). Figure 3A (Depicted in Chinese) instead.

[0058] When arranged around the axial flow channel within the flow device hole (e.g., as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the externally ribbed sleeve 30 or 36 has less surface contact with the flow device orifice due to the surface pattern of the ribs on its exterior, thereby reducing the points of thermal stress concentration.

[0059] although Figure 3A and Figure 3B The two options of radially ribbed and axially ribbed outer surfaces are shown, but as those skilled in the art will understand, the ribbed pattern can be modified as needed to suit the requirements of various processes.

[0060] Figure 4 and Figure 4-1 depicts a covered heat-protective sleeve 42 installed in a flow device 44. The heat-insulating sleeve 42 (of any of the exemplary embodiments described herein) can be disposed in a flow device (e.g., a flanged tube 44) that is detachably connected to other flow devices (e.g., a valve). The interaction between the sleeve 42 and the tube 44 is analogous to the interaction between the exemplary sleeve and the internal flow surfaces of other flow devices (e.g., a valve). The exemplary heat-insulating sleeve 42 slides into an aperture in the tube body having a small-diameter end portion, thereby positioning and closing (if the sleeve does not already have a closed end) one end of the sleeve 42 to prevent the ingress of heat-conducting material during use. A retaining cap 46 disposed within the larger-diameter end portion of the flow device aperture secures and positions the other end of the heat-insulating sleeve 42 within the flow device aperture (and closes it, if the sleeve does not already have a closed end, to prevent the ingress of heat-conducting material during use).

[0061] Figure 5 The image depicts lipped heat-protected sleeves 50 and 52 that slide into the flanged tube inlet / outlet ports of valve 54. Figure 5-1 In the enlarged partial cross-sectional view depicted, the outer surface of the integral fixing / positioning lip 56 of the sleeve 52 mates with the larger diameter proximal internal bore section 58, while the body of the sleeve 52 slides into the relatively narrow main bore 60 of the flow device valve 54, and the other end of the sleeve 52 abuts against the narrower diameter distal bore section. The lip 58 is held in place during use by a weld 62 (e.g., a spot weld or sealing weld that can be easily destroyed when the sleeve 52 is to be removed / replaced).

[0062] As those skilled in the art will now understand, Figure 5 and Figure 5-1 The overall installation overview can also be used for capped thermal protection sleeves (with open or fused ends and separate positioning / fixing caps at the proximal end). Therefore, Figure 5 This arrangement can be used in all example embodiments of sleeves with added lips or caps. This includes... Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A , Figure 2B Radial ribbed, axial ribbed, lattice-filled sleeves (whether capped or lipped).

[0063] Figure 6 A covered heat-protective sleeve 70, 72 is shown, slidingly fitted within the orifice of a flow device (e.g., the flanged inlet / outlet pipe of valve 74). Similar to... Figure 5 The covered sleeve, this arrangement is generally applied to all example insulation sleeves. Sleeves 70 and 72 are fitted into flow device 74, just as sleeves 50 and 52 are fitted into flow device 54. However, as in Figure 5-1 The enlarged view depicts the situation where a separate fixed cover 76 is now used (instead of...). Figure 5 The integral lip 56 in the sleeve, therefore, the retaining cap 76 is held in place during use by the weld 78 (e.g., a spot weld or sealing weld that can be easily broken), while the other distal end of the sleeve is positioned against a smaller diameter bore section at the opposite distal end of the flow device orifice (where the clearance fit is small enough to prevent heat-conducting material from entering during use). This arrangement applies to all example embodiments of capped or lipped sleeves. This includes Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A , Figure 2B Radial ribbed, axial ribbed, lattice-filled sleeves (whether capped or lipped).

[0064] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The isometric cross-sectional view of valve 74 shows that the distal end of sleeve 70 is adjacent to the smaller diameter distal end 80 of flow device hole 82 and remains in the larger diameter proximal hole 84 by means of weld 78 through the larger diameter cap 76.

[0065] To establish an efficiency metric for the example embodiment, a three-dimensional finite element analysis using transient thermal techniques was performed on a ball valve with a flanged end connector having an inner diameter of 2.3 inches and an outer diameter of 4.5 inches, subjecting it to extreme temperature and pressure cycles (e.g., cycles from atmospheric pressure at ambient temperature to 2,030.5 psi at 752℉). Three different configurations were used: a flow device without any thermal protection; a flow device with an inner surface interacting with an axial flow path coated with a heat-resistant and abrasion-resistant material; and a flow device with a thermal protection sleeve, such as... Figures 5 to 6 As shown. Using Inconel through a conventional 3D printing process. It is made into a heat protection sleeve.

[0066] It has been found that the peak stress intensity in the end connector is 605 MPa for flow devices without any thermal protection technology, 511 MPa for models with heat-resistant and wear-resistant coatings, and 259 MPa for models with thermal protection sleeves of the type described herein. Based on fatigue design curves using fatigue analysis according to ASME standards (i.e., using Section II, Part D and Section III, Part A of the ASME 2015 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for fatigue analysis), this translates to design lives of 1,800 cycles, 2,900 cycles, and 40,000 cycles, respectively.

[0067] Depending on the application, the inner surface of the example embodiment may be sprayed with a suitable abrasion-resistant coating, as those skilled in the art will understand.

[0068] The functionality of the example embodiments is not limited to any particular mobile device, as those skilled in the art will understand.

[0069] Example insulating sleeve liners for fluid flow devices provide additively manufactured thermal protection sleeves that are loosely fitted axially within the orifices of flow devices such as valves and pipes. The sleeves can have variable designs depending on the application and may include, but are not limited to: (a) sleeves consisting of an inner shell, an outer shell, and a filler pattern; (b) sleeves with radial ridges; and (c) axially ribbed sleeves, wherein the filler lattice structure and outer surface pattern can be modified to meet process parameters. Any of these examples may be lipped or capped according to preferred arrangements and / or welding.

[0070] An example insulating sleeve liner structure having an inner shell, an outer shell, and a fused end can have an airtight vacuum-filled chamber.

[0071] An example flow device fitted with an example insulating sleeve liner may have an inner shell, an outer shell, a filling chamber with fused ends between them, and a pressure equalization orifice passing through it.

[0072] An example insulation sleeve liner structure may have an inner shell, an outer shell, a pressurized filling chamber, and a sealed welded end.

[0073] Example insulation sleeve lining structure can be made of high-nickel alloy.

[0074] Example insulation sleeve lining structure can have a wear-resistant coating on its inner surface of the inner shell.

[0075] Example insulation sleeve liner structures may use a retaining cap, which may be made of the same material as the body of the flow device or a different material, and the retaining cap is welded to the body within the orifice of the flow device. Alternatively, the retaining cap may be threaded for threaded connection with the orifice of the flow device.

[0076] Example insulation sleeve lining structures may include an integral lip of a hole welded to the body of the flow device being protected.

[0077] Figure 8 This is a 3D representation of an example lattice filler 800 between the inner sleeve 802 and the outer sleeve 804. This example embodiment will be presented by Inconel. Metal additive manufacturing (e.g., via 3D printing) is used to provide a single, integral insulating sleeve liner. As can be seen, the infill pattern 800 comprises a basic infill pattern inlaid with four obliquely extending elongated solid cylindrical structures that intersect each other at the midpoint between the inner and outer shells. As explained below, if both the inner shell 802 and the outer shell 804 are solid, it is preferable to leave one end open (at least initially) to allow for the extraction of any residue of metal powder (e.g., if necessary, before closing the end to complete the manufacturing and / or installation process).

[0078] As previously mentioned, many different filler patterns are feasible for different applications (e.g., honeycomb patterns, corrugated fillers similar to those used for cardboard boxes, bicycle spokes, etc.). However, for the extreme temperatures and pressures encountered by catalyst injection valves and connecting pipes in fluidized bed hydrotreating ore refining applications, Figure 8 The fill pattern provides suitable protection.

[0079] For example, the description of one of the basic lattice-filled 800 pattern structures. Figure 8A To understand, four small solid cylinders (810, 812, 814, and 816) intersect each other at a midpoint 818 between the inner surfaces of the inner shell 802 and the outer shell 804, and extend along the edges of a pair of right-angled pyramids with common vertices pointing in opposite directions (at their intersection 818). That is, the vertex of one of these pyramids (opposite to the square base formed by one of the inner shells) points "up," while the vertex of the other pyramid (opposite to the square base formed by the other inner shell) points "down." This provides a pair of robust, compressive-resistant, cooperating pyramidal supports between the inner and outer shells.

[0080] As will be shown Figure 8 An inclined partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the casing liner. Figure 8B It is understood that, since the sleeve is manufactured through an additive process (such as 3D printing), the resulting inner liner shell and support structure (including slender support structure cylinders extending at an angle) are formed as a single, monolithic, one-piece metal structure.

[0081] exist Figure 8 In an example embodiment, the volume of these small cylinders in the filling pattern 800 accounts for only 20% of the total volume surrounded by the opposing cylindrical walls inside the inner cylindrical shell 802 and the outer cylindrical shell 804. This relatively sparse filling reduces thermal conductivity while also potentially allowing a degree of flexibility to respond responsively to the sudden start and end of very high-pressure fluid flow through the liner.

[0082] Because the filling pattern 800 includes an inclined, elongated support structure, the resulting inclined heat conduction path between the inner and outer shells is lengthened, thereby improving the insulation performance of the sleeve liner and enhancing its ability to provide thermal protection at higher temperatures. As will be noted, in Figure 1A , Figure 1A-1 , Figure 1B , Figure 1B-1 , Figure 2A , Figure 2A-1 , Figure 2B , Figure 2B-1 , Figure 3A Figure 3B4 Figure 4 A5 Figure 5-1 , Figure 6 , Figure 6-1 and Figure 7 An inclined, slender support structure also appears in the example embodiments.

[0083] Because the 800 filler pattern creates a pyramidal support structure, the compressive strength of the bushing liner is improved, allowing it to better withstand use under higher pressures. In fact, Figure 8 Examples in Figure 8A Each instance of the tessellated base support unit shown provides multiple mutually supporting pyramidal structures.

[0084] exist Figure 8 In the example, the radial dimension between the inner housing 802 and the outer housing 804 is ideally as large as that adapted to the specific application. For example, if the inner diameter of the flow device to be protected is approximately 2.5 inches, a radial dimension of approximately 0.13 inches may be adapted in some cases, while a radial dimension of approximately 0.063 inches may be entirely required or practical in other cases. The embedded support structure is uniformly distributed within this internal space, and its dimensions are set to occupy approximately 20% of the volume between the inner and outer housings. The radial thickness of the outer housing 804 is less than that of the inner housing 802 to accommodate the anticipated erosion of the inner housing when exposed to high-pressure, high-temperature, highly corrosive catalyst flows (e.g., during catalyst injection for fluidized bed hydrotreating ore refining operations). For example, if the inner orifice diameter of the flow device to be protected is approximately 2.8 inches, the radial thickness of the outer housing 804 may be approximately 0.03 inches in some cases, while the radial thickness of the inner housing 802 may be approximately 0.13 or 0.09 inches in other cases. As will be appreciated, if the ratio of the inner shell thickness to the outer shell thickness is greater than one, significant erosion of the inner shell 802 can be tolerated before the thermal protection sleeve needs to be replaced / refurbished. Preferably, the thickness ratio is approximately 2 or 3.

[0085] Figure 9Graphical results of FEA (finite element analysis) stress analysis are provided for simulated infill patterns occupying different percentages of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner and outer shells. The figure depicts the equivalent / von Mises stress (psi) over time at the inner diameter of the bushing caused by thermal expansion following simulated abrupt valve operation exposing the liner to a step function of the inflow fluid under anticipated high temperatures and pressures (e.g., up to approximately 3,500 psi and 850 °F in a fluidized bed environment). The example insulating bushing described herein is configured to operate in a high-pressure environment of at least 1,000 psi, preferably much higher than in fluidized bed applications.

[0086] As those skilled in the art will understand, applying lower stress with only 20% fill is a significant improvement (while still not causing destructive damage to the casing liner, such as buckling), thereby allowing for more successful valve operation cycles before the casing liner experiences anticipated failure. It will be understood that the 20% fill pattern significantly reduces the thermal conductivity between the inner and outer shells. For some applications encountering lower pressures / temperatures, even lower percentage fills can be used without liner failure (e.g., buckling). This is possible even for the very high pressures / temperatures encountered in fluidized bed hydrotreating applications. However, prototype laboratory tests of an example embodiment with a 20% fill pattern have now been successfully conducted to demonstrate that 20% fill may be optimal.

[0087] Figure 10 A schematic partial cross-section of an example sleeve liner is provided, showing a total axial length of 2.00 inches, an outer diameter of 2.573 inches, and an inner diameter of 1.993 inches. As shown, the outer sleeve is 0.03 inches thick, while the inner sleeve is 0.13 inches thick, resulting in an inner thickness of 0.13 inches for the desired overall filling design.

[0088] Figure 11 Provided with Figure 10 The example has a schematic partial cross-section of the same size example sleeve liner, the difference being a slightly larger inner diameter of 2.073 inches and a slightly thinner inner shell thickness of 0.09 inches.

[0089] As from Figure 10 and Figure 11 It is evident that these example casing liners exhibit varying inner and outer shell thicknesses, with the thicker inner shell provided to accommodate the anticipated erosion and corrosion of the inner shell by fluid flow during operation. Of course, as those skilled in the art will recognize, Figure 10 and Figure 11The exact dimensions depicted in the example are suitable as sleeve liners for conduits in specific fluid flow devices (e.g., ball valve inlet / outlet ports). For other fluid flow devices, different inner and outer diameters and axial lengths (as well as outer shell thickness) may be required or desired.

[0090] Currently available simulation test results indicate that the hermetic Inconel bushing with a 20% fill pattern can operate under high pressure while extending valve cycle life by more than 2,000% (e.g., up to 40,000 cycles) compared to approximately 1,800 cycles without a thermally lined bushing. Prior Inconel thermal spray coatings only extend cycle life to approximately 2,900 cycles.

[0091] The desired infill pattern 3D data file can be created using conventional computer-aided design software (e.g., CARE software designed by Parametric Technologies, nTopology's "element pro" software, or the ANSYS plugin provided by Ansys, Inc.), and then appropriately processed to provide a stereolithography (STL) file suitable for use by a 3D printer. The desired STL file can be developed in collaboration with commercially available 3D printing companies through currently available commercial 3D printing services for use by those services in manufacturing the inner liner sleeve according to appropriate contractual terms. Of course, such 3D printing processes can also be performed in-house if available.

[0092] As mentioned above, some sleeve liner examples have closed ends, while others have open ends. Generally, sleeves with open ends are less likely to buckle failure due to the uneven internal / external sleeve pressurization experienced by closed sleeve designs, and this open end helps to extract any unwanted metal powder at the end of the 3D printing process. However, also as mentioned above, sleeves with closed ends can be made buckling-resistant by adding appropriately small pressure equalization orifices (or multiple appropriately small pressure equalization orifices) through at least one of the inner and outer sleeve housings. Moreover, also as mentioned above, the size of the pressure orifices should be small enough to prevent thermally conductive particles contained in the controlled process fluid flow through the sleeve liner during use from entering.

[0093] Currently, a 20% filler pattern is considered to provide the lowest usable percentage of filler without unduly compromising sleeve strength. As FEA testing has shown, 50% and 80% result in higher stress (i.e., less thermal shock protection), but also make the sleeve more robust. However, a 20% filler pattern reduces stress by nearly 300% (compared to 100% filler or no sleeve), and laboratory prototype testing has now demonstrated that it provides sufficient sleeve strength. Therefore, a 20% filler pattern is currently considered the optimal percentage of filler.

[0094] The primary goal of the infill pattern is to utilize the fewest possible load-bearing support beams, similar to those supporting a roof. Furthermore, since heat conducts more rapidly through solid metal, it is desirable to create as much clearance as possible between the outer and inner shells of the bushing. For these reasons, a 20% infill pattern is currently considered preferable to a higher percentage while simultaneously providing sufficient strength for high-pressure operation.

[0095] exist Figure 12 In the diagram, the cross-section of the inlet flow channel conduit 1200 is shown as conventionally connected to the ball valve body 1202. An example thermal protection sleeve 1204 is shown in a position inserted (along the arrow line) into the internal bore of the conduit 1200, wherein the distal sleeve end 1206 is configured to sealably engage with the distal inner surface 1208 of the bore of the conduit 1200. Figure 12 Also shown are sealing gaskets 1210 and retaining spring clips 1212, which are captured by the proximal inner surface 1216 of the orifice of the conduit 1200 when the sleeve 1204 is installed abutting the proximal end 1214 within the orifice of the conduit 1200. Thus, both the proximal and distal ends of the sleeve 1204 are sealed to prevent flowing fluid (or at least particles that would adversely affect the thermal protection of the sleeve) from entering the space between the outer shell of the sleeve 1204 and the inner surface of the orifice of the conduit 1200.

[0096] Example heat sleeve 1204 can be easily installed by sliding or tight fit (e.g., a 0.002-inch gap) until the distal end 1206 of sleeve 1204 necessarily engages with the mating sealing surface 1208 at the distal end of the bore of pipe 1200. This facilitates the installation and removal of sleeve 1204.

[0097] In practice, the proximal end 1214 of the sleeve 1204 may include an internal "hook" configuration 1218 to allow engagement with a sleeve insertion / removal tool when the sleeve needs or is expected to be removed (e.g., for replacement after significant wear and tear). By disengaging the retaining spring clip 1212 and the sealing gasket 1210, the sleeve 1204 can engage with an insertion / removal tool at its proximal end (e.g., via the hook-shaped internal configuration 1218), thereby allowing easy pull-out of the sleeve for replacement / repair.

[0098] Figure 13 The image depicts the installation inside pipe 1200. Figure 12 Example sleeve. Figure 12 A depicts an enlarged view of the proximal end of the sleeve 1204, wherein the sealing gasket 1210 and the retaining spring clip 1212 are captured by the proximal end 1216 of the orifice of the sleeve 12. Figure 12B depicts an enlarged view of the distal end of the sleeve 1204, which is sealingly engaged at its configured end 1206 with the configured inner sealing surface 1208 of the bore of the conduit 1200.

[0099] Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C The process involves the insertion and removal of sleeve 1204 from pipe 1200. Figure 14A In this configuration, sleeve 1204 was previously installed within conduit 1200, but the retaining spring clip 1212 and sealing ring 1210 have now been removed (via conventional mechanical operations well known to those skilled in the art). An insertion / removal tool 1400, having a resilient hook-shaped distal end portion 1402 for engagement with an internal hook-shaped configuration 1218 of sleeve 1204, is positioned for longitudinal movement (see arrow) into sleeve 1204. Figure 14B In the process, the pull-out tool 1400 has moved such that its resilient hook-shaped distal end 1402 has engaged with the internal hook-shaped configuration 1218 of the sleeve 1204. Figure 14C Next, move the insertion / removal tool 1400 in the opposite longitudinal direction (see arrow) to pull the sleeve 1204, making the sleeve replaceable / repairable.

[0100] Figure 15 This is a 3D representation of the example sleeve 1204, showing an orifice-enclosed outer housing 1500 with a distal end 1206 and a proximal end 1214 having the previously described configuration. A section of the outer housing 1500 exposes diamond-shaped walls to define an infill pattern 1502.

[0101] While a solid outer shell 1500 is ultimately desired, currently available 3D printing processes make perforated outer shells more practical if closed ends are used (e.g., 1214 and 1206). This is because during some 3D printing processes for metals, residues of fine metal powder remain in the printed monolithic 3D structure and need to be removed. While such fine metal dust can be easily blown away by compressed air (or the like), some space must be provided for the entry of pressurized air and the removal of undesirable metal powder residue. In embodiments with open ends (e.g., see...), Figure 1A , Figure 1A-1 , Figure 2A and Figure 2A-1 The open end allows for the intake of compressed air and the discharge of metal powder. However, when both ends are closed, some other arrangement is required.

[0102] Therefore, it has been found practical for an orifice-equipped outer housing 1500 (with orifices above each diamond-shaped gap within the infill pattern 1502) to be sealed at both ends to prevent fluid flow between the sleeve 1204 and the inner surface of the pipe 1200. That is, the outer housing 1500 may have orifices because the sliding tightness or sliding fit gap between the sleeve 1204 and the inner bore of the pipe 1200 is sealed to prevent fluid flow. However, of course, the inner housing of the sleeve 1204 needs to be solid (or have only very small pressure balancing holes, the size of which is set to prevent solids from entering the fluid flow, otherwise this would be detrimental to the thermal protection that the sleeve 1204 is expected to provide).

[0103] Using different 3D metal printing processes, the need to extract powdery metal residue can be avoided. Alternatively, it may be necessary to fill the openings in the outer shell and / or then cover them with a layer of solid metal. This would result in an opening-free outer shell. However, it currently appears unnecessary to avoid openings in the outer shell.

[0104] Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 17A and Figure 17B Another example embodiment is shown, employing an interference fit with solid tape at both ends and 20% filler. The interference fit seals the two ends 1600 and 1602 of the heat-shrink tubing 1604 to the internal bore of the protected pipe. (As shown in...) Figure 17 cross section and Figure 17A and Figure 17B As shown in more detail in the enlarged section, the end sections (e.g., section 1606 of the proximal end 1600 and section 1608 of the distal end 1602) are machined for an interference fit within the bore of the protected pipe (e.g., the inlet / outlet pipe of a ball valve). This means that, in order to install the sleeve 1604 within the bore of the protected flow device, the temperature of the protected bore must typically be sufficiently increased (and / or the temperature of the sleeve must be sufficiently decreased) to temporarily increase the clearance to a non-interference condition, i.e., sufficient to allow the insertion of the interference-fit machined sleeve 1604. If necessary, a snap-fit ​​retaining spring may be used at the proximal end of the sleeve to prevent subsequent movement of the sleeve within the pipe bore during high-temperature operation. After installation, the temperature of the protected flow device is allowed to equalize with the temperature of the sleeve, enabling a true interference-fit seal to be established at both ends of the sleeve. However, as will be understood, this embodiment will require substantially more effort during sleeve installation and removal.

[0105] Figure 18 Three side-by-side photographs of examples of heat-protective sleeves with short lengths of open ends, including 20%, 50%, and 80% fill (viewed from left to right, respectively) (see, for example, [reference]). Figure 1A , Figure 1A-1, Figure 2A and Figure 2A-1 As will be noted, the inlay support structure is oriented at an angle between the inner and outer shells (somewhat like bicycle wheel spokes in the sense of being on the right-hand side). These prototype examples were additively manufactured and tested to evaluate and validate the feasibility of these different infill patterns in terms of thermal protection and strength. Such tests showed that a 20% infill density was more effective in reducing thermal shock and peak stress strength.

[0106] Figure 16 The example sleeve (i.e., an interference fit full-size 9.5-inch long sleeve) was 3D printed (using laser powder bed fusion 3D printing technology) by The metal was fabricated and laboratory-tested to evaluate the feasibility of reducing thermal stress caused by rapid temperature cycling in isolation valves under simulated fluidized bed application conditions in the laboratory. The test valve body underwent five rapid heating and cooling cycles, which is approximately the number of cycles per day that a sleeve might experience during actual fluidized bed use. The thermal shock results showed that the heating rate of the body ID was reduced by more than approximately 50% (compared to the unsleeved valve).

[0107] FEA simulations were also developed and compared with experimental thermal transient data obtained through laboratory tests. This showed that the peak stress intensity was reduced by more than 70% when using a thermal bushing (with an error margin of approximately 15%).

[0108] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with embodiments that are now considered to be the most practical and preferred, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An integral metal insulating sleeve liner configured for use in a high-pressure fluid flow device subjected to cyclic extreme thermal shock, the configured insulating sleeve liner comprising: An integral hollow metal cylindrical sleeve has two opposing, spaced-apart ends and an outer diameter sized to slide into an orifice of a fluid flow device. The ends are configured to seal fluid flow between the inner surface of the orifice of the fluid flow device and the outer diameter of the sleeve, while also accommodating a fluid flow path within the sleeve along an internal orifice. The sleeve includes an internal gap to provide increased thermal resistance to heat flowing from the inside of the sleeve to the outside of the sleeve. The integral hollow metal cylindrical sleeve includes an outer shell and an inner shell, which are integrally formed with the inlaid support structure arranged between them.

2. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support structure is circumferentially surrounding and axially along the inner shell and the outer shell and is uniformly distributed between the inner shell and the outer shell.

3. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as described in claim 1, wherein the inner shell is thicker than the outer shell.

4. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner of claim 1, wherein the inlaid support structure creates a cylindrical gap arrangement, and the outer housing includes an orifice aligned with each of the gaps.

5. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end is solid and closed.

6. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume occupied by the support structure is less than 50% of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner shell and the outer shell.

7. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume occupied by the support structure is between 20% and 50% of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner shell and the outer shell.

8. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume occupied by the support structure does not exceed 20% of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner shell and the outer shell.

9. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal comprises a nickel-based alloy.

10. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner is manufactured by a 3D printing additive manufacturing process.

11. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as described in claim 1, wherein the integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner is installed in the fluid flow hole of the fluid flow device.

12. The integral metal insulating sleeve liner as described in claim 1, wherein the integral metal insulating sleeve liner is installed in the inlet or outlet port of a ball valve, the ball valve serving as a catalyst injection valve during the operation of the fluidized bed hydrotreating ore refining process.

13. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as described in claim 1, wherein: The sleeve is sized to fit non-interference into the orifice of the fluid flow device. One of the ends is configured to sealably engage with a mating internal configuration at a corresponding end of the fluid flow device orifice; and The other of the ends is configured to engage at the other end of the fluid flow device orifice with a sealing gasket and a retaining spring that are trapped within a retaining configuration.

14. The integral metal insulating sleeve liner of claim 13, wherein another end of the sleeve liner is internally configured to engage with an insertion / removal tool when inserted into the other end of the sleeve liner.

15. The integral metal insulating sleeve liner of claim 14, wherein the integral metal insulating sleeve liner is combined with an insertion / removal tool having a resilient distal end configured to resiliently pass through the sleeve liner at the other end to engage the internal configuration at the other end and facilitate removal of the sleeve liner from the protected fluid flow device orifice.

16. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner as described in claim 1, wherein: The sleeve is sized to be interference-fitted into the fluid flow device orifice at each of the two ends, and the sleeve liner can be inserted into the fluid flow device orifice when the size of at least one of the sleeve liner and / or the fluid flow device being protected is temporarily changed to a non-interference-fit condition.

17. The integral metal thermal insulation sleeve liner of claim 1, wherein the support structure comprises struts extending obliquely relative to the inner surface of the inner housing and the inner surface of the outer housing.

18. A method of manufacturing an integral metal insulating sleeve liner configured for use in a high-pressure fluid flow device in a service application and subjected to cyclic extreme thermal shock, wherein the configured insulating sleeve liner is manufactured by: A nickel-based alloy material is 3D printed into a monolithic hollow metal cylindrical sleeve having two opposing, spaced-apart ends and an outer diameter sized to slide into an orifice of a fluid flow device. The ends are configured to seal fluid flow between the inner surface of the orifice of the fluid flow device and the outer diameter of the sleeve. The sleeve accommodates a fluid flow path within itself along the orifice of the sleeve. The sleeve includes an internal gap to provide increased thermal resistance to heat flowing from the inside of the sleeve to the outside of the sleeve. The integral hollow metal cylindrical sleeve includes an outer shell and an inner shell, which are integrally formed with an elongated inlaid support structure arranged between them.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the support structure is circumferentially surrounding and axially along the inner housing and the outer housing and is uniformly distributed between the inner housing and the outer housing.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the inner housing is thicker than the outer housing.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the inlay support structure produces a cylindrical gap arrangement, and the outer housing includes an aperture aligned with each of the gaps.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein the end is solid and closed.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the volume occupied by the support structure is less than 50% of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner shell and the outer shell.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein the volume occupied by the support structure is between 20% and 50% of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner and outer housings.

25. The method of claim 18, wherein the volume occupied by the support structure does not exceed 20% of the volume defined by the inner surfaces of the inner shell and the outer shell.

26. The method of claim 18, wherein the metal comprises a nickel-chromium alloy.

27. The method of claim 18, wherein: The sleeve is sized to fit non-interference into the orifice of the fluid flow device; One of the ends is configured to sealably engage with a mating internal configuration at a corresponding end of the fluid flow device orifice; and The other of the ends is configured to engage at the other end of the fluid flow device orifice with a sealing gasket and a retaining spring that are trapped within a retaining configuration.

28. The method of claim 18, wherein another end of the cannula liner is internally configured to engage with the extraction tool when inserted into the other end of the cannula liner.

29. The method of claim 18, wherein: The sleeve is sized to be interference-fitted into the fluid flow device orifice at each of the two ends, and the sleeve liner can be inserted into the fluid flow device orifice when the size of at least one of the sleeve liner and / or the fluid flow device being protected is temporarily changed to a non-interference-fit condition.

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