Device and method for monitoring sudden deformation of formations transformed by hot dry rock thermal reservoir

Abstract

The present invention provides a monitoring device for sudden deformation of formations transformed by hot dry rock thermal storage, which comprises: a displacement monitoring module for monitoring formation deformation data in at least two directions; an analog amplification module for communicating with the displacement monitoring module and for amplifying and processing formation deformation data; a position monitoring module for locating and obtaining position data of the monitoring device for sudden deformation of formations transformed by hot dry rock thermal storage; and a leveling module for leveling the monitoring device for sudden deformation of formations transformed by hot dry rock thermal storage. The present invention provides a device for conveniently monitoring sudden deformation of formations, which can quickly pick up sudden deformation data and calculate the maximum sudden deformation. In addition, the slip of small faults in formations can be monitored macroscopically, with much higher accuracy than ground microseismic monitoring and much lower cost than INSAR (satellite) monitoring, which can provide a guarantee for the efficient and safe development of hot dry rock resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of efficient and safe development of dry heat resources (EGS), and in particular to a monitoring device and method for sudden deformation of formations transformed by dry heat rock thermal reservoirs. Background Art

[0002] Hot dry rock is a hot rock mass devoid of water or steam, primarily consisting of various metamorphic or crystalline rocks. It is generally buried at depths of 2 to 6 kilometers below the Earth's surface and has a wide temperature range, ranging from 150°C to 650°C. In academia, hot dry rock is sometimes referred to as "hot dry rock." Current development of hot dry rock resources is collectively referred to as "Enhanced Engineered Geothermal Systems" (EGS). Hot dry rock EGS development currently primarily utilizes large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology, injecting large quantities of liquids such as water through the wellbore from the surface to create heat exchange channels with a certain permeability within the target granite formation, connecting it to adjacent wells. Statistics from HDR / EGS field fracturing trials worldwide indicate that the development of hot dry rock EGS is accompanied by varying degrees of sudden formation deformation, manifested in the form of microseismic events.

[0003] From the perspectives of environmental protection, reducing geological hazards, and ensuring scientific and safe development, monitoring sudden stratum deformation (microseismic events) is necessary to ensure safe and environmentally friendly development of hot dry rock resources. According to statistics, sudden stratum deformations of approximately magnitude 2, which are considered acceptable and unlikely to cause major geological hazards, are not. However, stratum deformations with a magnitude of 3 or higher are more likely to cause geological hazards. In 2017, problems with the thermal reservoir reconstruction process at the Pohang hot dry rock project in South Korea indirectly caused a magnitude 5.5 earthquake, resulting in a significant geological disaster and essentially halting the development of hot dry rock resources in South Korea.

[0004] Microseismic technology is currently the main method for monitoring cracks in hot dry rock thermal reservoir transformation, but the resolution is insufficient and the monitoring technology is single. New technologies need to be introduced to monitor and warn of sudden deformation of strata during thermal reservoir transformation, so as to avoid major geological disasters during the development of hot dry rock EGS.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a device and method for monitoring sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Hot dry rock EGS thermal storage reform uses large-scale hydraulic fracturing methods. During this process, a certain amount of sudden deformation and microseismicity will occur. Large sudden deformation of the formation can easily trigger large earthquakes and other geological disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor sudden deformation of the formation in real time to monitor, evaluate and provide early warning of possible major geological disasters. To solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a monitoring device for sudden deformation of the formation during hot dry rock thermal storage reform, which includes:

[0007] A displacement monitoring module, which is used to monitor stratum deformation data in at least two directions;

[0008] an analog amplification module, communicating with the displacement monitoring module, for amplifying and processing the formation deformation data;

[0009] a position monitoring module, which is used to locate and obtain position data of a monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation;

[0010] A leveling module is used to level the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises:

[0012] The jitter picking module is used to pick up the time of occurrence of the jitter and to count the jitter values ​​of the measured inclination angles of the X-axis and the Y-axis in the formation deformation data of the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir transformed formation in the measured area when the jitter occurs simultaneously during the formation micro-deformation monitoring process.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises:

[0014] The deformation module is used to calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the monitored formation based on the measured inclination jump value.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises:

[0016] The data transmission and storage module is used to transmit and store the formation deformation data.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises:

[0018] A power supply module is used to provide power to the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises:

[0020] The transmission module is connected to the power supply module and is used to provide power to the instruments in the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal storage reformed formation.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for monitoring sudden deformation of a formation transformed by a hot dry rock thermal reservoir, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0022] During the formation micro-deformation monitoring process, when the measured data of the X-axis and Y-axis in the formation deformation data of the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock reservoir reformed formation in the measured area exceeds a preset number and jitters simultaneously occur, the time of the jitter occurrence is picked up, and the measured inclination jitter values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are counted;

[0023] The maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the monitored formation is calculated based on the measured dip angle runout value.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the measured dip jitter values ​​of all monitoring devices for sudden deformation of hot dry rock reservoir reformed formations in the measured area are counted and a dip jitter statistical graph is plotted.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the maximum measured dip angle jitter value in the dip angle jitter statistical graph is selected to calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation during the thermal reservoir reconstruction process.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the formation is calculated by the following formula:

[0027] L max =d×δ max

[0028] Among them, L max represents the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation, m; d represents the depth of the target layer for hot dry rock reservoir transformation, m; δ max Indicates the maximum measured inclination runout value, R.

[0029] The device and method for monitoring sudden deformation of formations modified by hot dry rock thermal reservoirs provide a convenient way to monitor sudden deformation, quickly capturing sudden deformation data and calculating the maximum sudden deformation. Furthermore, the system can monitor the slip of small faults in the formation at a macroscopic level, with far greater accuracy than ground-based microseismic monitoring and significantly lower cost than INSAR (satellite) monitoring. This approach ensures the efficient and safe development of hot dry rock resources.

[0030] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a monitoring device for sudden deformation of a formation modified by a hot dry rock reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the buried ground of a monitoring device for sudden deformation of a dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed stratum according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for monitoring sudden deformation of a formation during hot dry rock thermal reservoir reconstruction according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing data collection of sudden formation inclination angles of a monitoring device for sudden formation deformation of a single dry hot rock thermal reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; and

[0036] Figure 5 A statistical diagram of tilt angle jitter within a test area according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 The structure block diagram of a monitoring device for sudden deformation of a dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formations includes a displacement monitoring module 101 , an analog amplification module 102 , a position monitoring module 103 and a leveling module 104 .

[0040] The displacement monitoring module 101 is used to monitor stratum deformation data in at least two directions. Specifically, the displacement monitoring module 101 uses a two-component (horizontal X and Y perpendicular to each other) displacement sensor, which includes two monitoring components on the mutually perpendicular X and Y axes, with a maximum monitoring accuracy of 1 nanoradian.

[0041] The analog amplification module 102 communicates with the displacement monitoring module and is used to amplify and process the formation deformation data. Specifically, the analog amplification module uses an analog amplifier to amplify and process the formation deformation data of the X-axis and Y-axis.

[0042] The position monitoring module 103 is used to locate and obtain the position data of the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of the dry-hot rock thermal reservoir modified stratum. Specifically, the position monitoring module uses an electronic compass to locate the position data of the entire device. In one embodiment, multiple monitoring devices 100 for sudden deformation of the dry-hot rock thermal reservoir modified stratum are installed in the test area. The position data of each monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of the dry-hot rock thermal reservoir modified stratum is obtained by the position monitoring module 103 to indicate the specific location of each monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of the dry-hot rock thermal reservoir modified stratum.

[0043] The leveling module 104 is used to level the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formations. Specifically, the leveling module uses a leveling motor for leveling.

[0044] In one embodiment, the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formations further includes a vibration pickup module 105 , a deformation module 106 , a data transmission and storage module 107 , a power supply module 108 , and a transmission module 109 .

[0045] The jump picking module 105 is used to detect when the X-axis and Y-axis measured data of the formation deformation data of the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation in the monitoring area exceeds a preset number of formation micro-deformation monitoring areas. Figure 4 ), the time of the jitter is picked up, and the measured inclination jitter values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are counted. In one embodiment, the identification standard of simultaneous jitter is that the measured inclination jitter values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are both greater than 3 microradians.

[0046] The deformation module 106 is used to calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the monitored formation based on the measured dip jitter value. Specifically, the deformation module 106 includes a dip jitter statistics unit 1061 and a calculation unit 1062.

[0047] The dip angle jump statistics unit 1061 is used to count the measured dip angle jump values ​​of all the monitoring devices 100 for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formations in the test area, and draw a dip angle jump statistics graph (such as Figure 5 ).

[0048] The calculation unit 1062 is used to select the maximum measured dip angle jump value in the dip angle jump statistical diagram and calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation during the thermal reservoir reconstruction process.

[0049] In one embodiment, the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the formation is calculated using the following formula:

[0050] L max =d×δ max

[0051] Among them, L max represents the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation, m; d represents the depth of the target layer for hot dry rock reservoir transformation, m; δ max Indicates the maximum measured inclination runout value, R.

[0052] The data transmission and storage module 107 is used to transmit and store the stratum deformation data. Specifically, the data transmission and storage module uses a data transmission and storage system to transmit and store the stratum deformation data so as to facilitate data transmission with external devices.

[0053] The power supply module 108 is used to provide power to the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of formations modified by hot dry rock thermal reservoirs. Specifically, the power supply module utilizes a battery or storage battery. The transmission module 109 is connected to the power supply module 108 and is used to provide power to the instruments within the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of formations modified by hot dry rock thermal reservoirs. Specifically, the transmission module utilizes a transmission cable.

[0054] In summary, the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of formations transformed by hot dry rock thermal storage provided by the present invention can conveniently monitor the sudden deformation of the formation, can quickly pick up sudden deformation data and calculate the maximum sudden deformation. In practice, it can monitor the sudden deformation of the formation in real time during the development of hot dry rock EGS, and provide a guarantee for the efficient and safe development of hot dry rock resources.

[0055] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the buried ground shows a monitoring device for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] The single dry hot rock thermal reservoir reforming stratum sudden deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention has a diameter of 6.4 cm, a length of 107 cm, and a weight of 2.7 kg.

[0057] When buried in a 12m deep surface well, the entire device must be vertically stabilized in the sand and not lean against the PVC pipe wall. Reading the initial data can verify the vertical stability of the entire device. If the X or Y value in one direction is infinitely large, the entire device is not stable and is leaning against the wall, requiring repositioning and stabilization.

[0058] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for monitoring sudden deformation of a formation during hot dry rock thermal reservoir transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, in step S301, the time of the beating is picked up, and the measured inclination beating values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are counted. Specifically, in the process of monitoring the micro-deformation of the formation, when the measured data of the formation deformation data of the monitoring device 100 for the sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation exceeds the preset number in the measured area, the measured data of the X-axis and Y-axis simultaneously bend (such as Figure 4 ), the time of the jitter is picked up, and the measured inclination jitter values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are counted. In one embodiment, the identification standard of simultaneous jitter is that the measured inclination jitter values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are both greater than 3 microradians.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, in step S302, the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the monitored formation is calculated based on the measured inclination jump value.

[0061] In one embodiment, step S302 includes the following steps:

[0062] S3021, count the measured dip jump values ​​of the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of all dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formations in the test area, and draw a dip jump statistical graph (such as Figure 5 ).

[0063] S3022. Select the maximum measured dip angle jump value in the dip angle jump statistical diagram to calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation during the thermal reservoir transformation process.

[0064] In one embodiment, the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the formation is calculated using the following formula:

[0065] L max =d×δ max

[0066] Among them, L max represents the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation, m; d represents the depth of the target layer for hot dry rock reservoir transformation, m; δ max Indicates the maximum measured inclination runout value, R.

[0067] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of data collection of sudden formation inclination angles for a monitoring device for sudden formation deformation during transformation of a single dry hot rock thermal reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 4 In the figure, curve 1 is the actual measured inclination data of the sensor's X-axis, unit: microradian; curve 2 is the actual measured inclination data of the sensor's Y-axis, unit: microradian.

[0068] During the formation micro-deformation monitoring process, when the measured data of the X-axis and Y-axis of most inclinometer devices jump at the same time, the time of the jump is picked up and the measured inclination jump values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis sensors are counted. Figure 4The sudden jump occurred at 18:55:02 on August 27, 2019, and the X-axis and Y-axis jump angles were 3.0 microradians and 3.4 microradians respectively.

[0069] Figure 5 A statistical diagram of tilt angle jitter within a test area according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0070] like Figure 5 Calculate the relevant dip runout data for all monitoring devices and draw a dip runout graph. Select the maximum runout value in the dip runout graph. Calculate the maximum sudden deformation of the formation during the thermal reservoir reconstruction process according to the formula.

[0071] In one embodiment, the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the formation is calculated using the following formula:

[0072] L max =d×δ max

[0073] Among them, L max represents the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation, m; d represents the depth of the target layer for hot dry rock reservoir transformation, m; δ max Indicates the maximum measured inclination runout value, R.

[0074] comprehensive Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 For example, the monitoring device 100 for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata provided by the present invention was applied to the fracturing of the X1 well in Gonghe, Qinghai. The sudden deformation (see Figure 4 ), the statistical chart of the measured inclination angles of all monitoring devices on site shows that the maximum deformation angle of the formation is 9 microradians (see Figure 5 ), the target formation was 3,600 meters deep, and the maximum sudden displacement of the formation was calculated to be 3.24 centimeters according to the formula. The above practice demonstrates that the device and method for monitoring sudden deformation of formations during hot dry rock thermal reservoir transformation provided by the present invention are highly effective in monitoring sudden deformation of formations.

[0075] In summary, the device and method for monitoring sudden deformation of formations modified by hot dry rock thermal reservoirs provide a convenient means for monitoring sudden deformation in formations, enabling rapid acquisition of sudden deformation data and calculation of maximum sudden deformation. Furthermore, the present invention can monitor the slip of small faults in formations at a macroscopic level, with far greater accuracy than ground-based microseismic monitoring and significantly lower cost than INSAR (satellite) monitoring, thus ensuring the efficient and safe development of hot dry rock resources.

[0076] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should extend to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by those skilled in the relevant art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0077] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more; terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," and "tail" indicate positions or relationships based on those shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0079] References in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, appearances of the phrases "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0080] The embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications as suited for specific applications.

[0081] Although the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the contents described herein are merely embodiments for facilitating understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of the present invention may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata, characterized in that: The device comprises: A displacement monitoring module, which is used to monitor stratum deformation data in at least two directions; an analog amplification module, communicating with the displacement monitoring module, for amplifying and processing the formation deformation data; a position monitoring module, which is used to locate and obtain position data of a monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation; A leveling module, which is used to level the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation; A jitter picking module is used to pick up the time of occurrence of the jitter and to count the jitter values ​​of the measured inclination angles of the X-axis and the Y-axis in the formation deformation data of the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the hot dry rock reservoir reformed formation in the measured area when the jitter exceeds a preset number in the formation micro-deformation monitoring process; A deformation module, which is used to calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the monitored formation based on the measured inclination runout value; The maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation can be calculated by the following formula: L max =d×δ max Among them, L max Indicates the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the formation, m; d represents the depth of the target layer for hot dry rock reservoir reconstruction, m; δ max Indicates the maximum measured inclination runout value, R.

2. The monitoring device for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises: The data transmission and storage module is used to transmit and store the formation deformation data.

3. The monitoring device for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises: A power supply module is used to provide power to the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed formation.

4. The monitoring device for sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device further comprises: The transmission module is connected to the power supply module and is used to provide power to the instruments in the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock thermal storage reformed formation.

5. A method for monitoring sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata, characterized in that: Monitoring sudden deformation of a dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed stratum by using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: During the formation micro-deformation monitoring process, when the measured data of the X-axis and Y-axis in the formation deformation data of the monitoring device for sudden deformation of the dry hot rock reservoir reformed formation in the measured area exceeds a preset number and jitters simultaneously occur, the time of the jitter occurrence is picked up, and the measured inclination jitter values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis are counted; Calculating the maximum sudden deformation and displacement of the monitored formation based on the measured dip runout value; The maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation can be calculated by the following formula: L max =d×δ max Among them, L max represents the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation, m; d represents the depth of the target layer for hot dry rock reservoir transformation, m; δ max Indicates the maximum measured inclination runout value, R.

6. The method for monitoring sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata according to claim 5, characterized in that: The measured dip angle jitter values ​​of all monitoring devices for sudden deformation of hot dry rock reservoir reformed formations in the measured area are counted to obtain a dip angle jitter statistical graph.

7. The method for monitoring sudden deformation of dry hot rock thermal reservoir reformed strata according to claim 6, characterized in that: The maximum measured dip angle jump value in the dip angle jump statistical diagram is selected to calculate the maximum sudden deformation and dislocation of the formation during the thermal reservoir reconstruction process.

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