A water inrush test system for water-rich tunnels

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering geological disaster model test, and in particular to a water-rich tunnel water gushing and water inrush test system, including a model box, a water tank, a water tank height adjustment device, a water seepage simulation device, a rainfall spraying device and a monitoring unit. The present invention can quantitatively control different water-rich conditions of the fault through a hydraulic loading device, and adjust different rainfall intensities at the same time to simulate the water gushing and water inrush conditions of the tunnel crossing the water-rich fault under different hydraulic conditions and rainfall conditions; the rainfall intensity can be quantitatively controlled through a high-pressure pump and a flow meter, and different rainfall intensities can be simulated to analyze the influence of different rainfall intensities on the distribution of tunnel groundwater, and effectively simulate the water gushing and water inrush problems of different hydraulic conditions and different rainfall intensities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering geological disaster model tests, in particular to a water gushing and water bursting test system for a water-rich tunnel. Background Art

[0002] When tunnels pass through water-rich fault fracture zones, they are prone to engineering problems such as landslides, sudden water and mud bursts. If the top water-rich characteristics and hydraulic connections are not explored, it is easy to cause engineering accidents such as tunnel water bursts and water seepage, endangering the safety of construction personnel and other property. Moreover, after the tunnel in the water-rich area is built, pressurized water is formed around the tunnel cavern. Any defects and diseases in the lining may become a channel for water leakage. Any defects in the tunnel drainage system caused by harmful disturbances during design, construction or operation may cause tunnel leakage. Tunnel leakage will accelerate the occurrence and development of various diseases and affect the performance and service life of the tunnel. When the tunnel encounters extremely broken and water-rich mud bursting strata, the filling medium of the fault fracture zone is scattered and the internal structure is loose. It is easy to form an internal water system under the action of rainfall, which will greatly increase the difficulty and cost of the construction project, delay the construction period and even cause casualties. Therefore, when the tunnel passes through the water-rich fault fracture zone, how to carry out the influence of the hydraulic characteristics of the water-rich strata on the design, construction and operation of the tunnel is crucial. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a water gushing and water inrush testing system for a water-rich tunnel.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel, comprising a model box, a water tank, a water tank height adjustment device, a water seepage simulation device, a rainfall spraying device and a monitoring unit;

[0006] The model box includes a box with an upper opening, a tunnel, a bottom permeable plate, a tunnel water gushing and bursting water outlet pipe, a bottom seepage water outlet pipe, a bottom seepage water collecting bucket, a tunnel water gushing and bursting water collecting bucket, a side seepage water collecting bucket, surrounding rock similar materials, a plurality of tunnel water gushing and bursting water inlet pipes and a plurality of side seepage water outlet pipes; the bottom permeable plate is arranged inside the box, and the inner part of the box is divided into a bottom permeable area and a test area, the tunnel is suspended and horizontally arranged in the test area, and the remaining part of the test area is filled with surrounding rock similar materials;

[0007] A plurality of tunnel water inrush water inlet pipes are arranged on the box body along the height of the box body, one end of the tunnel water inrush water inlet pipe is connected to the water tank, and the other end is connected to the test area;

[0008] A plurality of side seepage outlet pipes are arranged on the box body along the height of the box body, one end of the side seepage outlet pipe is connected to the test area, and the other end is connected to the side seepage collection bucket; one end of the tunnel water inrush outlet pipe is connected to the tunnel, and the other end is connected to the tunnel water inrush collection bucket located outside the box body; one end of the bottom seepage outlet pipe is connected to the bottom water permeable area, and the other end is connected to the bottom seepage collection bucket;

[0009] The water seepage simulation device comprises a telescopic pipe and a water seepage assembly, wherein the water seepage assembly comprises a water seepage inlet pipe, a valve and a water seepage flowmeter, one end of the water seepage inlet pipe is connected to the telescopic pipe, and the other end is connected to the tunnel water inrush inlet pipe; the valve and the water seepage flowmeter are both arranged on the water seepage inlet pipe;

[0010] The water tank is used to store water and provide a water source, and the water tank is located on one side of the box body; the water tank is connected to the box body, and the water tank height adjustment device is used to change the height of the water tank;

[0011] The rain spraying device comprises a high-pressure water pump, a rainfall flow meter, a rain pipe, a rain inlet pipe and a rain regulating device. The high-pressure water pump and the rain flow meter are both arranged on the rain inlet pipe. One end of the rain inlet pipe is connected to a water source, and the other end is connected to the rain pipe at an opening above the box. The rain pipe is provided with a plurality of rainfall holes, and the rain regulating device is used to drive the rain pipe to rotate.

[0012] The monitoring unit includes a monitoring device and multiple monitoring elements. The multiple monitoring elements are evenly arranged along the periphery of the tunnel end face. The output ends of the multiple monitoring elements are connected to the input ends of the monitoring device. The monitoring device is used to collect and analyze the monitoring data transmitted by the monitoring elements.

[0013] Preferably, the surrounding rock similar materials include river sand, gypsum and lime.

[0014] Preferably, the tunnel water inrush water inlet pipe includes a first water collecting pipe and a plurality of connecting water inlet pipes, the plurality of connecting water inlet pipes are arranged on the first water collecting pipe at intervals, one end of the connecting water inlet pipe is connected to the first water collecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the test area inside the box; the plurality of connecting water inlet pipes are located at the same height; the first water collecting pipe is connected to a water source at one end away from the connecting water inlet pipe.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of the water seepage components are provided, and the plurality of the water seepage components are arranged in layers according to the height of the box body, and the water seepage components correspond one-to-one to the tunnel water gushing and water inlet pipes, and the water seepage and water inlet pipes are located at the same height as the corresponding tunnel water gushing and water inlet pipes.

[0016] Preferably, the side seepage outlet pipe includes a second water collecting pipe and a plurality of connecting water outlet pipes, the plurality of connecting water outlet pipes are arranged on the second water collecting pipe at intervals, one end of the connecting water outlet pipe is connected to the second water collecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the inside of the box body; the plurality of connecting water outlet pipes are located at the same height; the second water collecting pipe is connected to the side seepage collection bucket at one end away from the connecting water outlet pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the water tank height adjustment device includes a table top, a driving mechanism, a telescopic bracket and a supporting bracket, the water tank is arranged at the bottom of the table top, one end of the telescopic bracket is connected to the bottom of the table top, and the other end is connected to the supporting bracket, and the driving mechanism is connected to the telescopic bracket.

[0018] Preferably, the telescopic tube is a soft corrugated tube.

[0019] Preferably, the rainfall regulating device includes a rainfall bracket, a rotating motor and a transmission assembly, the rainfall bracket is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rainfall inlet pipe, the housing of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to the rainfall bracket, the rainfall pipe is rotatably connected to the rainfall inlet pipe, and the driving shaft of the rotating motor is connected to the outer wall of the rainfall pipe through the transmission assembly.

[0020] Preferably, the rain pipes are provided in plurality, and the plurality of rain pipe clamps are fork-connected.

[0021] Preferably, the plurality of rainfall holes are arranged in groups and at equal distances on the rainfall pipe.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The water gushing and water inrush testing system of a water-rich tunnel of the present invention effectively simulates different hydraulic conditions and water gushing and water inrush problems of different rainfall intensities. The different water-rich conditions of the fault can be quantitatively controlled by a hydraulic loading device, and different rainfall intensities can be adjusted at the same time to simulate the water gushing and water inrush conditions of the tunnel crossing the water-rich fault under different hydraulic conditions and rainfall conditions. The rainfall intensity can be quantitatively controlled by a high-pressure pump and a flow meter, and different rainfall intensities can be simulated to understand the influence of different rainfall intensities on the distribution of groundwater in the tunnel.

[0024] The water gushing and water inrush test system of the water-rich tunnel of the present invention can carry out water gushing and water inrush model tests of the water-rich tunnel under different water pressures and different rainfall intensities. By constructing different hydraulic parameters, it can fully simulate the tunnel water gushing and water inrush problems in water-rich strata, and provide scientific and effective test conditions for obtaining the influence of different hydraulic parameters on tunnel water pressure and exploring the water inrush mechanism.

[0025] The water gushing and water inrush test system of the water-rich tunnel of the present invention excavates the tunnel, collects and monitors data simultaneously, and provides support for dynamic observation and analysis of the law of the water inrush process. The obtained research results provide an experimental basis for studying the disaster-causing mechanism of water inrush in water tunnels, tunnel drainage measures, water-rich tunnel construction methods and other related research directions, thereby providing reliable technical support for scientific prevention of water gushing, water inrush and safe construction of tunnels in water-rich strata. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is the structural diagram of the model box;

[0028] Figure 3 This is the structural diagram of the water tank height adjustment device;

[0029] Figure 4 This is the structural diagram of the water seepage simulation device;

[0030] Figure 5 This is the structural diagram of the rainfall spraying device;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of nozzle arrangement.

[0032] In the figure, 1. model box; 1-1. box; 1-2. water inlet pipe for water gushing from tunnel; 1-3. water inlet hole; 1-4. tunnel; 1-5. monitoring element; 1-6. side water outlet hole; 1-7. bottom water-permeable plate; 1-8. water outlet pipe for water gushing from tunnel; 1-9. side seepage outlet pipe; 1-10. bottom seepage outlet pipe; 1-11. bottom seepage collection bucket; 1-12. water gushing from tunnel collection bucket; 1-13. side seepage collection bucket; 1-14. monitoring equipment; 2. water tank height adjustment device; 2-1. water body; 2-2. water tank; 2-3. table ; 2-4, hydraulic cylinder; 2-5, hydraulic oil pipe; 2-6, fixed end; 2-7, switch electrical appliance; 2-8, controller; 2-9, pin shaft; 2-10, telescopic bracket; 2-11, slide; 2-12, pulley; 3, water seepage simulation device; 3-1, telescopic tube; 3-2, water seepage inlet pipe; 3-3, valve; 3-4, water seepage flowmeter; 3-5, base; 4, rainfall spraying device; 4-1, high-pressure water pump; 4-2, rainfall flowmeter; 4-3, rotating motor; 4-4, rainfall inlet pipe; 4-5, water source; 5-1, rainfall pipe; 5-2, rainfall hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0034] The present invention discloses a water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel. Figure 1 , including a model box 1, a water tank 2-2, a water tank 2-2 height adjustment device 2, a water seepage simulation device 3, a rainfall spraying device 4 and a monitoring unit.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 The model box 1 includes a box 1-1 with an opening on the top, a tunnel 1-4, a bottom permeable plate 1-7, a water gushing outlet pipe of the tunnel 1-4, a bottom seepage outlet pipe 1-10, a bottom seepage collecting barrel 1-11, a water gushing collecting barrel of the tunnel 1-4, a side seepage collecting barrel 1-13, surrounding rock similar materials, a plurality of tunnel water gushing inlet pipes 1-2 and a plurality of side seepage outlet pipes 1-9.

[0036] The box body 1-1 includes a bottom plate and a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate and a fourth side plate arranged around the bottom plate, wherein the first side plate and the third side plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the second side plate and the fourth side plate are arranged opposite to each other. Among them, at least one of the plates constituting the box body 1-1 is made of a transparent material, which is to facilitate external observation by personnel, for example, the first side plate and the third side plate are both made of transparent materials such as glass or acrylic plate.

[0037] The bottom permeable plate 1-7 is arranged inside the box 1-1, and the inside of the box 1-1 is divided into a bottom permeable area and a test area. The tunnel 1-4 is suspended and horizontally arranged inside the test area. One end of the tunnel 1-4 is connected to the first side plate, and the other end is connected to the third side plate. The rest of the test area is filled with surrounding rock similar materials, including river sand, gypsum and lime.

[0038] A plurality of tunnel water inlet pipes 1-2 are arranged on the box body 1-1 along the height of the box body 1-1. The tunnel water inlet pipes 1-2 include a first water collecting pipe and a plurality of connecting water inlet pipes. The plurality of connecting water inlet pipes are arranged on the first water collecting pipe at intervals through water inlet holes 1-3. One end of the connecting water inlet pipe is connected to the first water collecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the test area inside the box body 1-1. The plurality of connecting water inlet pipes are located at the same height. The end of the first water collecting pipe away from the connecting water inlet pipe is connected to the water source 4-5.

[0039] A plurality of side seepage outlet pipes 1-9 are arranged on the box body 1-1 along the height of the box body 1-1, and the side seepage outlet pipe 1-9 includes a second water collecting pipe and a plurality of connecting water outlet pipes, and the plurality of connecting water outlet pipes are arranged on the second water collecting pipe at intervals, one end of the connecting water outlet pipe is connected to the second water collecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the test area inside the box body 1-1 through the side water outlet hole 1-6; the plurality of connecting water outlet pipes are located at the same height; the end of the second water collecting pipe away from the connecting water outlet pipe is connected to the side seepage collection bucket 1-13.

[0040] One end of the water inrush outlet pipe of tunnel 1-4 is connected to tunnel 1-4, and the other end is connected to the water inrush collection bucket of tunnel 1-4 located outside the box body 1-1.

[0041] One end of the bottom seepage water outlet pipe 1-10 is connected to the bottom water permeable area, and the other end is connected to the bottom seepage water collecting bucket 1-11.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 The water tank 2-2 is used to store the water body 2-1 and provide the water source 4-5. The water tank 2-2 is located on one side of the box body 1-1. The water tank 2-2 is connected to the box body 1-1. The height adjustment device 2 of the water tank 2-2 is used to change the height of the water tank 2-2 so as to simulate the influence of water flows at different heights on the water gushing and water inrush in the tunnel 1-4.

[0043] The water tank 2-2 height adjustment device 2 includes a table top 2-3, a driving mechanism, a telescopic bracket 2-10 and a supporting bracket. The water tank 2-2 is arranged at the bottom of the table top 2-3. One end of the telescopic bracket 2-10 is connected to the bottom of the table top 2-3, and the other end is connected to the supporting bracket. The driving mechanism is connected to the telescopic bracket 2-10.

[0044] In this embodiment, the telescopic bracket 2-10 includes a first cross component, a second cross component and a third cross component connected in sequence from top to bottom. The first cross component includes a first left connecting rod and a first right connecting rod that are oppositely arranged and rotatably connected in the middle. The second cross component includes a second left connecting rod and a second right connecting rod that are oppositely arranged and rotatably connected in the middle. The third cross component includes a third left connecting rod and a third right connecting rod that are oppositely arranged and rotatably connected in the middle.

[0045] The two first left connecting rods in the first cross assembly are rotatably connected to the bottom of the table top 2-3 through the pin shaft 2-9, and the two first right connecting rods are slidably connected to the bottom of the table top 2-3 through the matching first pulley 2-12 and the first slide 2-11. The length axis of the first slide 2-11 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the first left connecting rod and the first right connecting rod.

[0046] The second left connecting rod is rotatably connected to the end of the first right connecting rod away from the table top 2-3 through the pin shaft 2-9, and the second right connecting rod is rotatably connected to the end of the first left connecting rod away from the table top 2-3 through the pin shaft 2-9.

[0047] One end of the third left connecting rod is slidably connected to the supporting bracket through the matching second pulley 2-12 and the second slide 2-11, and the other end is rotationally connected to the end of the second right connecting rod away from the first left connecting rod through the pin shaft 2-9, and the length axis of the second slide 2-11 is parallel to the length axis of the first slide 2-11; the third right connecting rod is rotationally connected to the supporting bracket through the pin shaft 2-9, and the other end is rotationally connected to the end of the second left connecting rod away from the first right connecting rod to form a fixed end 2-6.

[0048] The driving mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 2-4, a hydraulic oil pipe 2-5, a switch 2-7 and a controller 2-8. A first reinforcing rod is provided between two first right connecting rods arranged opposite to each other through bolts, a second reinforcing rod is provided between two third right connecting rods arranged opposite to each other, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 2-4 is hinged on the second reinforcing rod, the hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 2-4 is hinged on the first reinforcing rod, the hydraulic oil pipe 2-5 is used to connect the hydraulic cylinder 2-4 and the hydraulic oil source, the switch 2-7 is arranged on the hydraulic oil pipe 2-5, and the input end of the switch 2-7 is connected to the output end of the controller 2-8. The telescopic bracket 2-10 can also be similar to the structure of a folding umbrella handle, and the height adjustment can be achieved.

[0049] Reference Figure 4 The water seepage simulation device 3 includes a telescopic tube 3-1 and a water seepage component. The telescopic tube 3-1 is a soft corrugated tube that can be adjusted according to the distance. The water seepage component includes a water seepage inlet pipe 3-2, a valve 3-3 and a water seepage flow meter 3-4. One end of the water seepage inlet pipe 3-2 is connected to the telescopic tube 3-1, and the other end is connected to the first water collecting pipe; the valve 3-3 and the water seepage flow meter 3-4 are both arranged on the water seepage inlet pipe 3-2. A base 3-5 is provided at the bottom of the water seepage inlet pipe 3-2, and the base 3-5 plays a supporting role.

[0050] There are multiple water seepage components, which are arranged in layers according to the height of the box 1-1. The water seepage components correspond to the tunnel water inrush water inlet pipes 1-2 one by one; the water seepage inlet pipe 3-2 is located at the same height as the corresponding tunnel water inrush water inlet pipe 1-2. The individually designed valve 3-3 and water seepage flow meter 3-4 facilitate personnel to independently control the water inflow.

[0051] Reference Figure 5 , 6 The rainfall spraying device 4 includes a high-pressure water pump 4-1, a rainfall flow meter 4-2, a rainfall inlet pipe 4-4, a rainfall regulating device and a plurality of rainfall pipes 5-1. The high-pressure water pump 4-1 and the rainfall flow meter 4-2 are both arranged on the rainfall inlet pipe 4-4. One end of the rainfall inlet pipe 4-4 is connected to the water source 4-5, and the other end is connected to the rainfall pipe 5-1 at the opening above the box body 1-1. The plurality of rainfall pipes 5-1 are arranged in a fork-like manner. The rainfall pipe 5-1 is provided with a plurality of rainfall holes 5-2. The plurality of rainfall holes 5-2 are arranged in groups and at equal distances on the rainfall pipe 5-1. In this embodiment, two rainfall pipes 5-1 are provided, which are arranged in a cross shape. The high-pressure water pump 4-1 is used to adjust the spraying rate of the rain pipe 5-1.

[0052] The rainfall regulating device is used to drive the rainfall pipe 5-1 to rotate, so as to achieve uniform spraying of the water body 2-1. The rainfall regulating device includes a rainfall bracket, a rotating motor 4-3 and a transmission assembly. The rainfall bracket is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rainfall inlet pipe 4-4. The housing of the rotating motor 4-3 is fixedly connected to the rainfall bracket by bolts. The rainfall pipe 5-1 is rotationally connected to the rainfall inlet pipe 4-4 by bearings. The driving shaft of the rotating motor 4-3 is connected to the outer wall of the rainfall pipe 5-1 through the transmission assembly. In this embodiment, the transmission assembly includes a first gear and a second gear. The first gear is connected to the output shaft of the rotating motor 4-3. The first gear and the second gear are meshed. The second gear is sleeved on the outer side of the connector of the rainfall pipe 5-1. It can also be a belt transmission structure or a chain transmission structure, which can realize the rotation of the rainfall pipe 5-1.

[0053] Reference Figure 2 The monitoring unit includes a monitoring device 1-14 and a plurality of monitoring elements 1-5. The plurality of monitoring elements 1-5 are evenly arranged along the periphery of the tunnel 1-4. The output ends of the plurality of monitoring elements 1-5 are connected to the input ends of the monitoring device 1-14. The monitoring device 1-14 is used to collect and analyze the monitoring data transmitted by the monitoring elements 1-5.

[0054] The operating steps of a water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel of the present invention are as follows:

[0055] Step 1: Install tunnel 1-4 in box 1-1, fill the rest of the test area with surrounding rock-like materials, and bury monitoring elements 1-5 in the surrounding rock-like materials;

[0056] Step 2: Turn on the driving mechanism and drive the table 2-3 to adjust the water tank 2-2 to the test height;

[0057] Step 3: Control the high-pressure water pump 4-1 and the rainfall flow meter 4-2 to adjust the rainfall intensity;

[0058] Step 4: Dig up the peripheral materials of tunnels 1-4, collect and monitor data simultaneously, and observe and analyze the laws of the sudden water inrush process;

[0059] Step 5: Collect, weigh and filter the mixture in the bottom seepage collection bucket 1-11, the water inrush collection bucket of tunnel 1-4 and the side seepage collection bucket 1-13, and further analyze and study the mechanism and law of water inrush when tunnel 1-4 passes through the water-rich fault.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and substitutions, and these modifications and substitutions are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises a model box (1), a water tank (2-2), a water tank (2-2) height adjustment device (2), a water seepage simulation device (3), a rainfall spraying device (4) and a monitoring unit; The model box (1) comprises a box (1-1) with an upper opening, a tunnel (1-4), a bottom permeable plate (1-7), a water gushing outlet pipe of the tunnel (1-4), a bottom seepage outlet pipe (1-10), a bottom seepage collection bucket (1-11), a water gushing collection bucket of the tunnel (1-4), a side seepage collection bucket (1-13), surrounding rock-similar materials, a plurality of tunnel water gushing inlet pipes (1-2) and a plurality of side seepage outlet pipes (1-9); the bottom permeable plate (1-7) is arranged inside the box (1-1) and divides the inside of the box (1-1) into a bottom permeable area and a test area; the tunnel (1-4) is suspended and horizontally arranged in the test area, and the remaining part of the test area is filled with surrounding rock-similar materials; A plurality of tunnel water inrush inlet pipes (1-2) are arranged on the box body (1-1) along the height of the box body (1-1), one end of the tunnel water inrush inlet pipe (1-2) is connected to the water tank (2-2), and the other end is connected to the test area; A plurality of side seepage outlet pipes (1-9) are arranged on the box body (1-1) along the height of the box body (1-1); one end of the side seepage outlet pipe (1-9) is connected to the test area, and the other end is connected to the side seepage collection bucket (1-13); one end of the tunnel (1-4) water gushing and bursting water outlet pipe is connected to the tunnel (1-4), and the other end is connected to the tunnel (1-4) water gushing and bursting water collection bucket located outside the box body (1-1); one end of the bottom seepage outlet pipe (1-10) is connected to the bottom water permeable area, and the other end is connected to the bottom seepage collection bucket (1-11); The water seepage simulation device (3) comprises a telescopic tube (3-1) and a water seepage assembly, wherein the water seepage assembly comprises a water seepage inlet pipe (3-2), a valve (3-3) and a water seepage flow meter (3-4); one end of the water seepage inlet pipe (3-2) is connected to the telescopic tube (3-1), and the other end is connected to a tunnel water inrush inlet pipe (1-2); the valve (3-3) and the water seepage flow meter (3-4) are both arranged on the water seepage inlet pipe (3-2); The water tank (2-2) is used to store water (2-1) and provide a water source (4-5); the water tank (2-2) is located on one side of the box body (1-1); the water tank (2-2) is connected to the box body (1-1); the water tank (2-2) height adjustment device (2) is used to change the height of the water tank (2-2); The rainfall spraying device (4) comprises a high-pressure water pump (4-1), a rainfall flow meter (4-2), a rainfall pipe (5-1), a rainfall water inlet pipe (4-4) and a rainfall regulating device. The high-pressure water pump (4-1) and the rainfall flow meter (4-2) are both arranged on the rainfall water inlet pipe (4-4). One end of the rainfall water inlet pipe (4-4) is connected to a water source (4-5), and the other end is connected to the rainfall pipe (5-1) at an opening above the box body (1-1). The rainfall pipe (5-1) is provided with a plurality of rainfall holes (5-2). The rainfall regulating device is used to drive the rainfall pipe (5-1) to rotate. The monitoring unit comprises a monitoring device (1-14) and a plurality of monitoring elements (1-5); the plurality of monitoring elements (1-5) are evenly arranged along the periphery of the end face of the tunnel (1-4); the output ends of the plurality of monitoring elements (1-5) are all connected to the input end of the monitoring device (1-14); and the monitoring device (1-14) is used to collect and analyze monitoring data transmitted by the monitoring elements (1-5).

2. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surrounding rock similar materials include river sand, gypsum and lime.

3. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel water inrush water inlet pipe (1-2) comprises a first water collecting pipe and a plurality of connecting water inlet pipes, wherein the plurality of connecting water inlet pipes are arranged at intervals on the first water collecting pipe, one end of the connecting water inlet pipe is connected to the first water collecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the test area inside the box (1-1); the plurality of connecting water inlet pipes are located at the same height; and the first water collecting pipe is connected to a water source (4-5) at one end away from the connecting water inlet pipe.

4. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of the water seepage components are provided, and the plurality of the water seepage components are arranged in layers according to the height of the box body (1-1). The water seepage components correspond one to one with the tunnel water inrush water inlet pipes (1-2), and the water seepage inlet pipe (3-2) and the corresponding tunnel water inrush water inlet pipe (1-2) are located at the same height.

5. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side seepage water outlet pipe (1-9) comprises a second water collecting pipe and a plurality of connecting water outlet pipes, wherein the plurality of connecting water outlet pipes are arranged at intervals on the second water collecting pipe, one end of the connecting water outlet pipe is connected to the second water collecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the inside of the box body (1-1); the plurality of connecting water outlet pipes are located at the same height; and the end of the second water collecting pipe away from the connecting water outlet pipe is connected to the side seepage water collecting bucket (1-13).

6. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank (2-2) height adjustment device (2) comprises a table top (2-3), a driving mechanism, a telescopic bracket (2-10) and a supporting bracket; the water tank (2-2) is arranged at the bottom of the table top (2-3); one end of the telescopic bracket (2-10) is connected to the bottom of the table top (2-3) and the other end is connected to the supporting bracket; the driving mechanism is connected to the telescopic bracket (2-10).

7. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic tube (3-1) is a soft corrugated tube.

8. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall regulating device comprises a rainfall bracket, a rotating motor (4-3) and a transmission assembly; the rainfall bracket is fixedly connected to the outer wall of a rainfall inlet pipe (4-4); the housing of the rotating motor (4-3) is fixedly connected to the rainfall bracket; the rainfall pipe (5-1) is rotationally connected to the rainfall inlet pipe (4-4); and the driving shaft of the rotating motor (4-3) is connected to the outer wall of the rainfall pipe (5-1) via the transmission assembly.

9. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the rain pipes (5-1) are provided, and the plurality of rain pipes (5-1) are arranged in a fork-like manner and connected to each other.

10. The water inrush test system for a water-rich tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of rainfall holes (5-2) are arranged in groups at equal distances on the rainfall pipe (5-1).

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