A method for constructing a hydrophobic structure using turning vibration patterns

Abstract

The application discloses a method for constructing a hydrophobic structure by turning vibration marks, and the workpiece is clamped on the main shaft of a lathe and then rotated at high speed, and the workpiece is cut by feeding, and the vibration marks with hydrophobicity are constructed on the surface of the workpiece through slight vibration occurring after the turning tool contacts the workpiece. The application constructs the hydrophobic surface of the processed metal by using the tool vibration phenomenon which cannot be avoided in mechanical processing, adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the turning tool vibration by changing the length of the turning tool rod, and finally obtains the vibration marks which are beneficial to the hydrophobic characteristics of the metal surface. Compared with the surface hydrophobic characteristics obtained by the traditional mechanical processing method, the complicated operations such as the hydrophobic stripe design and the processing process route are omitted, and the method has the characteristics of high efficiency, easy operation and low loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical surface processing, and specifically relates to a method for constructing a hydrophobic structure using turning grooves. Background Technology

[0002] In nature, plant leaves possess certain hydrophobic properties, such as lotus leaves, banana leaves, and corn leaves. Water droplets falling on or condensing on the leaves will not penetrate and will form water droplets that can roll freely back and forth on the leaves. This is essentially due to the numerous tiny protrusions arranged on the leaf surface (such as...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 (As shown).

[0003] By creating a structure on a metal surface similar to that of a lotus leaf, the metal surface will also possess the same hydrophobic effect as plant leaves, causing liquids to roll in droplets on the metal surface. This property can be applied in surface cleaning, using the rolling motion of water droplets to remove dust from metal surfaces. It also has wide applications in preventing rust formation and corrosion, effectively removing water droplets condensed on metal surfaces, as well as in reducing drag on ships and ensuring the safe transport of valuable liquids.

[0004] Regarding existing research on constructing hydrophobic structures on metal surfaces, we found the following patents:

[0005] 1. Application No.: 200610010554.5, Invention Title: A Method for Constructing a Superhydrophobic Structure on the Surface of Metallic Copper. The specific method involves: placing sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and distilled water in a container and stirring thoroughly; placing a copper sheet in the solution and sealing the container; and using sodium dodecyl sulfate at room temperature to regulate the construction of micro / nano structures on the copper surface. After 2-3 days of this reaction, the copper sheet darkens in color. After this step, a micro / nano structure is formed on the surface of the copper substrate. Then, lauric acid is placed in a container and fully dissolved in ethanol. The copper sheet with the micro / nano structure constructed in the previous step is then placed in the lauric acid ethanol solution for assembly. After one day of this reaction, the copper sheet is removed, exhibiting a hydrophobic structure with strong hydrophobic properties. However, this method requires at least 3 days, is inefficient, and involves many steps.

[0006] 2. Application No.: 201710198619.1, Invention Title: A Method for Preparing Ordered Micro / Nano Superhydrophobic Structures on Metal Surfaces by Wire EDM, comprising the following steps: orthogonally optimizing the pulse width, pulse interval, and number of power transistors of the wire EDM to find the optimal processing parameters; fabricating an array of square column structures on the metal surface using wire EDM according to the optimal processing parameters; and treating the array of square column structures with fluorosilane to obtain an ordered micro / nano superhydrophobic structure on the metal surface. This invention can simply and quickly prepare superhydrophobic structures on metal surfaces. Because it directly prepares micro / nano structures on the metal substrate surface, the bonding strength between the micro / nano structures and the substrate is high, the durability is good, and the structure itself has stable performance. It is a low-cost, pollution-free, simple, and efficient preparation method. However, this method still requires soaking the workpiece for 10 hours and drying it for 2 hours, which is inefficient and involves many steps.

[0007] 3. Application No.: 201910485697.9, Invention Title: A Method for Preparing a Superhydrophobic Structure of Titanium Alloy. The method involves laser micromachining of a metal sample using a 1.064 μm laser wavelength, followed by vapor deposition of microcrystalline wax. In the laser micromachining process, the laser centerline spacing is 0.02–0.10 mm, the laser movement speed is 370–800 mm / s, the laser output power is 18–30 W, and the frequency is 8–37 kHz. The method for vapor deposition of microcrystalline wax involves heating to melt the microcrystalline wax, placing the micromachined sample in a wax-evaporating atmosphere with the micromachined surface facing down, and maintaining a height of 3–30 cm between the sample and the molten microcrystalline wax surface. The sample is left for 20–60 minutes before removal. Using this method, when a water droplet contacts the treated metal surface, the contact angle between the water droplet and the treated surface is greater than 150°, and the droplet roll-off angle is less than 10°, thus achieving a superhydrophobic interface on the metal surface. However, laser radiation is dangerous. The high intensity of lasers can produce intense photochemical, photothermal, photodynamic, photoionizing, and electromagnetic field interactions with body tissues, causing serious harm to operators. Surrounding flammable and explosive materials can also be damaged by lasers.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a method for constructing hydrophobic structures that is efficient, involves fewer steps, and has low operational risk. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a method for constructing hydrophobic structures using turning grooves that is highly efficient, involves fewer steps, and has low operational risk.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A method for constructing a hydrophobic structure using turning vibration marks involves clamping the workpiece on the spindle of a lathe and rotating it at high speed, then cutting the workpiece with a cutting tool. The slight vibration that occurs when the cutting tool contacts the workpiece causes hydrophobic vibration marks to be constructed on the surface of the workpiece.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the workpiece described above is cylindrical, with a diameter of 10–40 mm and a length of 40–160 mm.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the spindle speed is 2800–4000 r / min, and the feed rate of the cutting tool after contacting the workpiece is 0.05–0.3 mm / r. Because the main function is to utilize the slight vibration after the cutting tool contacts the workpiece, the feed rate of the cutting tool should not be too fast.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the fillet radius of the cutting tool described above is 0.3–0.4 mm, and the length of the cutting tool is 40 mm–280 mm. The length of the cutting tool determines the density of the vibration marks. A short cutting tool will create higher density vibration marks on the workpiece surface, while a long cutting tool will create lower density vibration marks. Higher density vibration marks have better hydrophobicity, and lower density vibration marks have poorer hydrophobicity. The amplitude is determined by the length of the cutting tool. A short cutting tool will produce a smaller amplitude, while a long cutting tool will produce a larger amplitude. The amplitude directly determines the arrangement of the vibration marks and thus the hydrophobicity of the metal surface. Therefore, the length of the cutting tool is limited to 40 mm–280 mm to ensure that the combination of vibration mark density and amplitude produced by cutting has good hydrophobic properties.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the length of the cutting tool mentioned above is 75mm to 260mm.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the cutting depth of the lathe tool cutting the workpiece described above is 0.1 mm.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the cutting tool described above is made of diamond.

[0018] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the machine tool spindle rotates at high speed, after the cutting tool contacts the workpiece, the tool holder will inevitably vibrate at a certain frequency under the action of cutting force. This vibration will be reflected on the surface of the workpiece and produce regular vibration marks. By adjusting the length of the tool holder and the amplitude and frequency, a metal surface morphology that conforms to the hydrophobic properties of plant surfaces can be obtained.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. This invention utilizes the unavoidable tool vibration phenomenon in machining to construct a hydrophobic surface on the machined metal. By changing the length of the cutting tool shank, the frequency and amplitude of the tool vibration are adjusted, ultimately resulting in vibration patterns that enhance the hydrophobic properties of the metal surface. Compared to traditional machining methods for obtaining hydrophobic surface properties, this method eliminates complex operations such as hydrophobic stripe design and machining processes, offering advantages such as high efficiency, ease of operation, and low wear.

[0021] 2. Compared with femtosecond laser construction method and electrical discharge construction method, the present invention is safer, has stronger repairability after accidental metal damage, simplifies the process flow, and makes the processing technology simpler.

[0022] 3. This invention is mainly applicable to workpieces that can be clamped on a lathe (mainly cylindrical workpieces). During operation, only a normal lathe (either a conventional lathe or a CNC lathe) is needed to process the metal to achieve the hydrophobic properties of the metal, which increases the versatility of the equipment. Other methods require special processing equipment to construct the hydrophobic structure of the metal. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the hydrophobic structure on the surface of a lotus leaf;

[0024] Figure 2 A diagram showing the state of water droplets on a lotus leaf;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of cutting the side of the workpiece according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting process of the top surface of the workpiece according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrophobic structure on the top surface of the workpiece in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the hydrophobic structure in part A;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the state of water droplets on the hydrophobic structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the state of water droplets on the hydrophobic structure on the side of the workpiece.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the state of a water droplet on the top surface of a workpiece in comparison.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the state of a water droplet on the cutting top surface of the workpiece in the comparative example.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1-spindle, 2-workpiece, 3-tool. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the scope shown in the embodiments.

[0035] Prepare seven cylindrical workpieces of different diameters, ranging from 10 to 40 mm in diameter and 40 to 160 mm in length. Following the order shown in Table 1, clamp the workpieces onto the lathe spindle and rotate them at high speed (2800–4000 r / min). In this embodiment, an economical CNC lathe from Yunnan Machine Tool Factory, model CY-K360, is used. The cutting tool is used to cut the top surface of the workpiece (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown, the feed rate of the cutting tool after contacting the workpiece is 0.05–0.3 mm / r. Because the main function is to utilize the slight vibration after the cutting tool contacts the workpiece, the feed rate should not be too fast. This slight vibration creates hydrophobic grooves on the workpiece surface. The cutting tool's tip radius is 0.3–0.4 mm, and its length is 75 mm–260 mm. The tool length determines the groove density; a short cutting tool will create higher density grooves on the workpiece surface, while a long cutting tool will create lower density grooves. Higher density grooves have better hydrophobicity, and lower density grooves have poorer hydrophobicity. The amplitude is determined by the tool length; a short cutting tool will produce a smaller amplitude, and a long cutting tool will produce a larger amplitude. The amplitude directly determines the groove arrangement and thus the hydrophobicity of the metal surface. The cutting tool length is such that the cutting depth is 0.1 mm. The cutting tool is made of diamond.

[0036] Follow these steps to perform the operations shown in Table 1:

[0037] Table 1

[0038]

[0039] After operating according to the embodiments in Table 1, the vibration marks produced by cutting were measured, and the data are shown in Table 2:

[0040] Table 2

[0041] Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Surface roughness Ra / μm of workpiece 12.5 6.3 3.2 1.6 Hydrophobic angle / (°) 156.2±2.5 150.7±2 144.3±1.8 143.4±1.6 Example Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Surface roughness Ra / μm of workpiece 0.05 0.025 0.012 Hydrophobic angle / (°) 136.7±1.5 128.9±1.2 125.6±1

[0042] As can be seen from Table 2, the hydrophobic structures processed by this invention all have hydrophobic angles greater than 125°, exhibiting excellent hydrophobic properties. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a cylindrical workpiece processed in Example 1 is observed. Its surface exhibits a regular hydrophobic structure. Magnification of part A reveals a high density and regular arrangement of the vibration marks. Water droplets are placed on the hydrophobic structure of this workpiece, as shown... Figure 7 As shown, the hydrophobic structure of the present invention has good hydrophobic properties.

[0043] Of course, this invention can also be used to cut the side of a workpiece (e.g. Figure 3As shown), proceed with normal lathe cutting of the side surface and adhere to the parameters specified above. Details are omitted here. The final state of the water droplets on the hydrophobic structure of the workpiece side is as follows. Figure 8 As shown. Comparative experiment:

[0044] Comparative Example 1: (Using Example 1 as a control) Prepare a cylindrical workpiece with a diameter of 40mm and a length of 160mm. Cut the top surface of the workpiece at a cutting speed of 200mm / min and a depth of cut of 1mm. The feed rate is 0.5mm / r. Tool requirements: Carbide insert. The tool tip radius is relatively large, with a rake angle of 10°–12°, a clearance angle of 6°–8°, a principal cutting edge angle of 45°, a secondary cutting edge angle of 5°–10°, a helix angle of 5°–10°, and a tool tip radius of 0.5mm. Figure 8 As shown, the surface roughness of the top surface of the workpiece after cutting is 200 Ra / μm, and water droplets cannot condense on its surface.

[0045] Comparative Example 2:

[0046] A cylindrical workpiece with a diameter of 40mm was cut using wire EDM. Since there is no tool contact with the workpiece, there are no chatter marks. Figure 9 As shown, the top surface of the cut workpiece does not have hydrophobic properties.

[0047] The above embodiments are merely specific examples to further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a hydrophobic structure using turning grooves, characterized in that: After the workpiece is clamped on the spindle of the lathe, it rotates at high speed and cuts the workpiece. The slight vibration that occurs when the cutting tool contacts the workpiece causes hydrophobic grooves to form on the surface of the workpiece. The workpiece is cylindrical, with a diameter of 10–40 mm and a length of 40–160 mm; the spindle speed is 2800–4000 r / min; the feed rate of the cutting tool after contacting the workpiece is 0.05–0.3 mm / r; the cutting tool tip radius is 0.3–0.4 mm; the cutting tool length is 40 mm–280 mm; the cutting depth of the cutting tool is 0.1 mm; the hydrophobic angle of the hydrophobic structure is greater than 125°.

2. The method for constructing a hydrophobic structure using turning grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the cutting tool is 75mm to 260mm.

3. A method for constructing a hydrophobic structure using turning grooves according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The cutting tool is made of diamond.

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