Wind turbine and method and device for determining wind shear conditions thereof

Abstract

A wind turbine and a method and device for determining a wind shear condition of the wind turbine are disclosed. The method comprises: obtaining real-time operation data of the wind turbine, wherein the real-time operation data comprises wind speed values and wind direction values at a plurality of sampling time points; determining a similarity of wind speed and wind direction of an environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time operation data; and determining that the wind turbine is in the wind shear condition in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wind power generation in general, and more particularly, to a wind turbine and a method and device for determining wind shear operating condition thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of wind power industry in China, in some western regions such as Yunnan, Guizhou, western Sichuan, although the overall wind energy resources are poor, the wind energy resources in the mountainous areas have certain development value, and the mountainous areas are mostly weak power grids. The construction of wind farms in the mountainous areas will drive the construction of power and transportation in the mountainous areas, promote investment and construction of related industries, and thus accelerate local economic development. In addition, the development of wind power in the mountainous areas has the advantages of relatively simple land occupation and relatively easy handling of relations with the public.

[0003] However, the distribution of wind resources is regional, and any irregular terrain on the ground surface in the mountainous area will change the flow pattern of the wind. In addition to the influence of large weather systems, low-altitude wind is more affected by terrain and thermal effects. For example, in the near-surface layer, the wind speed changes significantly with height due to the influence of surface friction and the vertical stability of the near-surface atmosphere. Wind shear is a phenomenon in which wind speed and direction suddenly change in the horizontal or vertical direction. Wind shear in a wind field has the characteristics of short duration, small scale and high intensity, which can cause great interference to the operation of a wind turbine. Currently, laser radar is often used to detect wind shear, but due to its high cost, it is not suitable for single machine configuration and installation. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a wind turbine and a method and device for determining wind shear operating condition thereof, which can effectively solve the problem of high cost of wind shear operating condition detection in the prior art.

[0005] In one general aspect, a method for determining wind shear operating condition is provided, including: obtaining real-time operation data of a wind turbine, wherein the real-time operation data includes wind speed values and wind direction values at a plurality of sampling time points; determining a similarity of wind speed and wind direction of an environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time operation data; and determining that the wind turbine is in a wind shear operating condition in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold.

[0006] Optionally, the step of determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time operation data includes: determining a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed value at a first sampling time point and the wind speed value at a second sampling time point in the real-time operation data; and determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind shear index of wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point, and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point.

[0007] Optionally, the step of determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator is located based on the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point in the real-time operation data comprises: obtaining the logarithm of the ratio of the wind speed value at the first sampling time point to the wind speed value at the second sampling time point as the logarithm of the wind speed value ratio; obtaining the logarithm of the ratio of the first analog height at which the wind speed value at the first sampling time point is collected to the second analog height at which the wind speed value at the second sampling time point is collected as the logarithm of the analog height ratio, wherein the first analog height is greater than the second analog height; and determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator is located based on the logarithm of the wind speed value ratio and the logarithm of the analog height ratio.

[0008] Optionally, the step of determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator is located based on the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point in the real-time operation data comprises: determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator is located based on the difference between the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point.

[0009] Optionally, the step of determining the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point comprises: obtaining the difference between the wind direction value at the second sampling time point and the wind direction value at the first sampling time point; and determining the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed and the difference.

[0010] Optionally, the step of determining that the wind turbine generator is in the wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold value comprises: determining the current running state of the wind turbine generator in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold value; and determining that the wind turbine generator is in the wind shear working condition in response to the current running state of the wind turbine generator being determined as the pitch adjustment state.

[0011] Optionally, after the step of determining that the wind turbine generator is in the wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold value, the method further comprises: controlling the wind turbine generator to stop; or, controlling the wind turbine generator to stop the pitch adjustment; then obtaining the rotating speed of the impeller of the wind turbine generator; and controlling the wind turbine generator to stop in response to the rotating speed of the impeller being greater than a second preset threshold value.

[0012] Optionally, the step of obtaining the real-time operation data of the wind turbine generator comprises: obtaining the wind speed value through the cup anemometer of the wind turbine generator; and obtaining the wind direction value through the wind vane of the wind turbine generator.

[0013] In another general aspect, there is provided a wind shear condition determining apparatus, comprising: a running data obtaining unit configured to obtain real-time running data of a wind turbine generator set, wherein the real-time running data comprises wind speed values and wind direction values at a plurality of sampling time points; a similarity determining unit configured to determine a similarity of wind speed and wind direction of an environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time running data; and a condition determining unit configured to determine that the wind turbine generator set is in a wind shear condition in response to the similarity being greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the similarity determining unit is further configured to determine a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point in the real-time running data; and determine the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind shear index of wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point.

[0015] Optionally, the similarity determining unit is further configured to obtain a logarithm of a ratio of the wind speed value at the first sampling time point to the wind speed value at the second sampling time point as a wind speed value ratio logarithm; obtain a logarithm of a ratio of a first analog height at which the wind speed value at the first sampling time point is collected to a second analog height at which the wind speed value at the second sampling time point is collected as an analog height ratio logarithm, wherein the first analog height is greater than the second analog height; and determine the wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value ratio logarithm and the analog height ratio logarithm.

[0016] The similarity determining unit is further configured to determine the wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on a difference between the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point; or,

[0017] The similarity determining unit is further configured to obtain a difference between the wind direction value at the second sampling time point and the wind direction value at the first sampling time point; and determine the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind shear index of wind speed and the difference.

[0018] Optionally, the condition determining unit is further configured to determine a current running state of the wind turbine generator set in response to the similarity being greater than a first predetermined threshold; and determine that the wind turbine generator set is in the wind shear condition in response to determining that the current running state of the wind turbine generator set is a pitch adjustment state.

[0019] Optionally, the running data obtaining unit is further configured to obtain the wind speed values by a cup anemometer of the wind turbine generator set; and obtain the wind direction values by a wind vane of the wind turbine generator set.

[0020] In another general aspect, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform the wind shear condition determination method of any of the wind turbine generators described above.

[0021] In another general aspect, there is provided a system comprising at least one computing device and at least one storage device storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform the wind shear condition determination method of any of the wind turbine generators described above.

[0022] In another general aspect, there is provided a wind turbine generator comprising a cup anemometer and a rotating wind vane, the wind turbine generator further comprising the wind shear condition determination device of any of the above.

[0023] The wind turbine generator and the wind shear condition determination method and device thereof according to embodiments of the present disclosure can determine the wind shear condition through the wind speed value and the wind direction value in the real-time operation data of the wind turbine generator, the scheme is simple, no complex condition judgment is needed, the detection of the wind shear condition can be realized with the existing operation data, the cost is low, and the applicability is wide. Therefore, through the present disclosure, the problem of high cost of wind shear condition detection in the prior art can be effectively solved.

[0024] Additional aspects and / or advantages of the general inventive concept will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the general inventive concept. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and other objects and features of embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating a wind shear condition determination method of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a wind shear condition determination method of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a wind shear condition determination method of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a wind shear condition determination method of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a wind shear condition determination method of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 is a wind direction waveform diagram illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 7 is a wind speed and direction correlation diagram in abnormal condition illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 8 is a wind speed and direction correlation diagram in normal condition illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 9 is a wind speed and direction correlation diagram in abnormal condition illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 10 is a wind speed and direction correlation diagram in normal condition illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 11 is a block diagram of a wind shear condition determination device of a wind turbine generator set illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following detailed description is provided to aid in understanding the method, apparatus and / or system described herein. No limitation on the scope of the application is intended to result from the inclusion in the detailed description of the example aspects. Other aspects of the method, apparatus and / or system described herein will be apparent from the detailed description, including the examples, given herein.

[0038] The features described herein can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Rather, these examples are provided as a description of the methods, apparatus and / or system described herein, as an illustration of a few of the many possible forms that the methods, apparatus and / or system described herein can take, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the disclosure.

[0039] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any one of the associated listed items, as well as any combination of any two or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] Although terms such as "first", "second", and "third" can be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. Instead, these terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, terms of a first element, a first component, a first region, a first layer, or a first section described in the examples herein can also be termed a second element, a second component, a second region, a second layer, or a second section without departing from the teachings of the examples.

[0041] In the specification, when an element (such as a layer, a region, or a substrate) is referred to as being "on" another element, "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly coupled to the other element, or one or more other elements can be interposed therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on", "directly connected to", or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no other elements interposed therebetween.

[0042] The terms used herein are only used to describe various examples, and are not intended to limit the disclosure. The singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprise", "include" and "have" indicate the presence of the stated feature, number, operation, component, element, and / or a combination thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical terms and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure belongs after the disclosure is understood. Unless explicitly defined herein, terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art and the disclosure, and should not be interpreted ideally or overly formally.

[0044] In addition, in the description of the examples, when it is considered that a detailed description of the related structure or function known to be confusing to the disclosure will be caused, such a detailed description will be omitted.

[0045] The wind turbine and the wind shear working condition determination method and device thereof provided by the present disclosure can solve the above problems. It should be noted that the wind shear working condition determination method of the present disclosure can be started when the wind speed is greater than a certain value (for example, 10 m / s). When the wind speed is small, the wind speed is unstable and the wind direction swings greatly. In addition, when the wind speed is small, the negative force of the wind on the blade is also small, which is not useful for abnormal detection and wastes resources. The wind shear working condition determination method of the wind turbine of the present disclosure can be applied to a field controller or a server. The server and the wind turbine can be connected wirelessly or by wire, which is not limited herein. The server can be one server or a server cluster composed of several servers, or a cloud computing platform or a virtualization center. The server is taken as an example for description below.

[0046] The server obtains real-time running data of the wind turbine, wherein the real-time running data includes wind speed values and wind direction values at multiple sampling time points. Based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time running data, the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine is located is determined. Then, in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold, it is determined that the wind turbine is in a wind shear working condition. According to the present embodiment, the wind shear working condition can be determined by the wind speed values and the wind direction values in the real-time running data of the wind turbine. The scheme is simple and does not require complex condition judgment. The wind shear working condition can be detected by using existing running data, which is low in cost and has wide applicability.

[0047] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The present disclosure provides a wind shear working condition determination method for a wind turbine, Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a wind shear working condition determination method for a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, Figure 1 The wind shear working condition determination method for the wind turbine includes the following steps:

[0049] In step S101, real-time running data of the wind turbine is obtained, wherein the real-time running data includes wind speed values and wind direction values at multiple sampling time points. The wind speed values and the wind direction values can be obtained by a meteorological sensor of the wind turbine, for example, the wind speed values can be obtained by a wind speed meter of the wind turbine, and the wind direction values can be obtained by a wind direction marker of the wind turbine, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0050] According to the present embodiment, the step of obtaining the real-time running data of the wind turbine can include: obtaining the wind speed values by a wind cup anemometer of the wind turbine; and obtaining the wind direction values by a rotating wind vane of the wind turbine.

[0051] In step S102, similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located is determined based on the wind speed value and the wind direction value of the two sampling time points in the real-time operation data.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value and the wind direction value of the two sampling time points in the real-time operation data can include: determining a wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value of the first sampling time point and the wind speed value of the second sampling time point in the real-time operation data; and determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed, the wind direction value of the first sampling time point and the wind direction value of the second sampling time point. Through this embodiment, the similarity can be conveniently and quickly obtained through the wind shear index and the wind direction value. It should be noted that in the near-surface layer, the wind speed changes significantly with the height, and the reason for this change is the roughness of the ground and the atmospheric vertical stability of the near-surface layer. The wind shear index represents the change of the wind speed in the plane perpendicular to the wind direction, and its size reflects how fast the wind speed increases with the height. Specifically, the above-mentioned wind shear index can be determined based on the wind speed values of the two sampling time points alone, or can be determined in combination with the wind speed values and the corresponding heights of the two sampling time points. The present disclosure does not limit this.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value of the first sampling time point and the wind speed value of the second sampling time point in the real-time operation data can include: obtaining the logarithm of the ratio of the wind speed value of the first sampling time point to the wind speed value of the second sampling time point as the logarithm of the wind speed value ratio; obtaining the logarithm of the ratio of the first analog height at which the wind speed value is collected at the first sampling time point to the second analog height at which the wind speed value is collected at the second sampling time point as the logarithm of the analog height ratio, wherein the first analog height is greater than the second analog height; and determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the logarithm of the wind speed value ratio and the logarithm of the analog height ratio. Through this embodiment, the wind shear index can be more accurately obtained in combination with the wind speed values and the corresponding heights of the two sampling time points.

[0054] Specifically, the wind shear index can be obtained based on the following power law formula:

[0055]

[0056] The above can be written as the following exponential formula:

[0057]

[0058] Wherein: b is the wind shear index; z1 is the known height, in meters; z2 is the height at which the wind speed changes, in meters; v1 is the wind speed value at height z1 (i.e. the wind speed value at the second sampling time point), in m / s; and v2 is the wind speed value at height z2 (the wind speed value at the first sampling time point), in m / s. For example, in the present disclosure, z1 and z2 can be calculated according to the height of the wind turbine and the height plus 10 meters, such as z1 = 100 meters and z2 = 110 meters, but the present disclosure is not limited to this height. Moreover, the present disclosure can set the wind speed value at the previous sampling time point measured by the anemometer of the wind turbine as the measurement value at a high altitude, and set the wind speed value at the next sampling time point as the measurement value at a low altitude, for detecting the wind shear index of the wind speed between every two sampling time points.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point in the real-time running data, the step of determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located can include: determining the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the difference between the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point. Through this embodiment, the wind shear index can be conveniently and quickly obtained based on the wind speed values at two sampling time points.

[0060] Specifically, based on the above formula (2), the approximate wind shear index can be obtained by taking the numerator, i.e. the wind shear index can also be obtained by the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Wherein: v1 is the wind speed value at height z1 (i.e. the wind speed value at the second sampling time point), in m / s; and v2 is the wind speed value at height z2 (the wind speed value at the first sampling time point), in m / s. In the present disclosure, z1 and z2 can be calculated according to the height of the wind turbine and the height plus 10 meters, such as z1 = 100 meters and z2 = 110 meters, but the present disclosure is not limited to this height.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the wind shear index of the wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point, the step of determining the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located can include: obtaining the difference between the wind direction value at the second sampling time point and the wind direction value at the first sampling time point; and determining the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed and the difference.

[0064] Specifically, the correlation of the wind speed and the wind direction can be obtained by the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] Wherein, p is the correlation degree, b is the wind shear index, s2 is the wind direction value measured by the wind vane at the next time, and s1 is the wind direction value measured by the wind vane at the previous time.

[0067] In step S103, in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold, it is determined that the wind turbine is in the wind shear working condition. The above-mentioned first preset threshold can be determined according to the model of the wind turbine and actual needs, for example, the first preset threshold can be set to 60, and when the correlation degree is greater than 60, it indicates that the correlation degree of the wind speed in the vertical wind direction and the change of the wind direction is relatively large, at this time, the possibility of wind shear occurring is larger, that is, if the correlation degree obtained based on the real-time operation data is greater than 60, it is determined that the wind turbine is in the wind shear working condition.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold, the step of determining that the wind turbine is in the wind shear working condition can include: in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold, determining the current operating state of the wind turbine; and in response to determining that the current operating state of the wind turbine is the pitch adjustment state, determining that the wind turbine is in the wind shear working condition. Through this embodiment, it can prevent the mechanical load or vibration value of the wind turbine from being too large. Specifically, when the similarity is greater than the first threshold, if the wind turbine is in the pitch adjustment state, the wind turbine can be controlled to stop at this time to prevent the mechanical load or vibration value of the wind turbine from being too large, and when the wind turbine is not in the pitch adjustment state, the pitch motor of the pitch system is in the brake state, at this time, the change of the wind speed and the wind direction will not cause the blade angle to suddenly change, therefore, by using the pitch adjustment state of the wind turbine to assist the similarity, the wind turbine can be better protected.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, after the step of determining that the wind turbine is in the wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than the first preset threshold, the wind turbine can be controlled to stop, or the wind turbine can be controlled to stop pitch adjustment, and the rotational speed of the impeller of the wind turbine can be obtained after the pitch adjustment is stopped, and in response to the rotational speed of the impeller being greater than a second preset threshold, the wind turbine is controlled to stop. Through this embodiment, the wind turbine can be directly stopped to avoid failure of the wind turbine in the wind shear working condition, or the pitch adjustment can be stopped before stopping, that is, the pitch system is controlled to brake and the rotational speed value of the wind turbine is monitored, since the pitch motor is in the brake state, the wind shear working condition will not cause the blade angle to suddenly change, thereby the aerodynamic imbalance problem caused by the inconsistency of the blades of the wind turbine can be prevented.

[0070] The following will be described in combination with Figure 2 the wind shear working condition determination method of the wind turbine in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the wind shear working condition detection and corresponding protection process of the wind turbine of an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 2As shown, the flow mainly includes:

[0071] S201, judge whether the wind speed is greater than 10 meters, if the result is yes, turn to step S202, if the result is no, end this detection. Because the wind speed is unstable when the wind is small, the wind direction swings greatly, and the negative force of the wind on the blade is also small when the wind is small;

[0072] S202, collect the wind speed value and wind direction value measured by the weather sensor of the wind turbine. The weather sensor here refers to the existing anemometer and wind vane of the wind turbine, and the anemometer and wind vane mainly involve (are applicable to) cup anemometer and rotating wind vane, and are not applicable to ultrasonic wind speed and direction meter;

[0073] S203, calculate the wind shear index and calculate the correlation according to the wind direction change. This step refers to calculating the wind shear index according to the method of formula (2) or formula (3), and calculating the correlation of wind speed and wind direction according to the method of formula (4);

[0074] S204, judge whether the correlation is greater than 60, if the result is yes, turn to step S205, if the result is no, end this detection. It should be noted that if the correlation is greater than 60, it means that the correlation of the wind speed in the vertical wind direction and the wind direction change is large, and at this time the possibility of wind shear occurring is also larger.

[0075] S205, judge whether the wind turbine unit is in the pitch state, if the result is yes, turn to step S206, if the result is no, end this detection. Because when the wind turbine unit is not in the pitch state, the pitch motor of the pitch system is in the brake state, so the change of wind speed and wind direction will not cause the blade angle to suddenly change;

[0076] S206, control the wind turbine to stop. If the blade is in the pitch state, the wind turbine unit is controlled to stop at this time to prevent the mechanical load or vibration value of the unit from being too large.

[0077] In addition, after detecting the wind shear, the disclosure can also stop the pitch through the main control controller, that is, control the brake of the pitch system and monitor the generator speed value, because the brake of the pitch motor will not cause the blade angle to suddenly change, thereby preventing the aerodynamic imbalance caused by the inconsistency of the blades of the wind turbine unit.

[0078] In order to show the feasibility of the embodiment of the disclosure, the principle formula on which the above embodiment is based is explained below, and the results obtained according to the above embodiment are also verified.

[0079] First, the principle formula on which the above embodiment is based is explained:

[0080] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of wind shear generated by over-mountain airflow. After the wind blows from the left side of the mountain to the mountain slope, a sinking and rotating airflow is formed on the other side of the mountain slope. The reason is generally as follows: when the airflow passes over the mountain, on the windward slope, there is an upward movement, so the cyclonic vorticity is weakened and the anticyclonic vorticity is enhanced. On the leeward slope, the airflow sinks, so the cyclonic vorticity is enhanced and the anticyclonic vorticity is weakened. Therefore, a sinking and rotating airflow is formed on the leeward slope (the right side of the mountain shown in Figure 3 , which seriously affects the operation of the wind turbine.

[0081] Figure 4 is a waveform diagram showing a sudden change in the pitch angle of the blades of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the abscissa is the time value and the ordinate is the blade angle value. The three curves respectively represent the angle values of blade 1, blade 2 and blade 3. Figure 4 It can be seen from Figure 4 that the angle of the three blades suddenly changes under the wind shear condition, which causes aerodynamic imbalance of the blades and a relatively fast change, which can cause vibration and load increase of the wind turbine. It can also be seen from Figure 5 that the time corresponding to the first sudden change in the pitch speed of blade 3 is about -5.574 s, and the time corresponding to the second sudden change in the pitch speed is about -0.605 s. The time corresponding to the first sudden change in the pitch speed of blade 1 is about -7.088 s, and the time corresponding to the second sudden change in the pitch speed is about -2.198 s. The time difference between the two speed mutations of the two blades is (-0.605+5.574) = 4.969 s, (-2.198+7.088) = 4.89 s. When the speed of the blade suddenly changes, the speed of the generator is 12.2 rpm, and the azimuth angle value turned over by 4.9 seconds is about: 12.2*360*4.9 / 60 = 358.68 degrees. As can be seen, the impeller turns a circle in the time period of the two speed mutations, showing a strong periodicity. As shown in Figure 6 , the wind speed waveform and , the wind direction waveform, it can be seen that the wind speed changes relatively fast and the wind direction changes relatively large, and when the wind speed is 20 m / s, the wind direction value tends to be stable, so the wind speed and the wind direction show a certain relationship.

[0082] Figure 3 The method for detecting wind shear in the present disclosure uses the data measured by the existing anemometer and wind vane, and the detection principle is to use the wind shear characteristics shown in , and the characteristics that the anemometer and the wind vane can only rotate in the horizontal direction to detect the wind condition.

[0083] As shown in Figure 7 , when the wind acts on the anemometer from top to bottom, the rotation speed of the anemometer is related to the angle a between the wind and the horizontal plane. As shown in Figure 7 , the wind direction waveform, it can be seen that the wind speed changes relatively fast and the wind direction changes relatively large, and when the wind speed is 20 m / s, the wind direction value tends to be stable, so the wind speed and the wind direction show a certain relationship.As shown, the wind force can be decomposed into a horizontal component 501 and a vertical component 502. The horizontal component 501 allows the anemometer to rotate horizontally, while component 502 does not, thus causing a decrease in the wind speed value measured by the anemometer. Let the wind force be F1, the horizontal wind force acting on the anemometer be F501, and the vertical wind force be F502, then we have:

[0084] F501=F1*sin(a)…(5)

[0085] F502=F1*cos(a)*φ1…(6)

[0086] Wherein, φ1 is the conversion efficiency of the anemometer under the action of wind, which specifically represents the relationship between the rotation of the anemometer and the direction of the wind. In particular, when a = 0, the wind speed in the horizontal direction is 0.

[0087] like Figure 8 As shown, when wind acts on the wind vane from top to bottom, the speed of rotation of the wind vane is related to the angle α between the wind and the horizontal plane. Figure 8 As shown, the wind force can be decomposed into a horizontal component 601 and a vertical component 602. The horizontal component 601 can rotate the wind vane horizontally, while component 602 cannot, thus causing a decrease in the wind speed value measured by the wind vane. Let the initial wind force be F2, the horizontal wind force acting on the wind vane be F601, and the vertical wind force be F602, then we have:

[0088] F601=F2*sin(a)……(7)

[0089] F602=F2*cos(a)*φ2 (8)

[0090] Here, φ2 is the conversion efficiency of the wind vane under the action of wind, specifically representing the relationship between the wind vane's sway and the wind direction. In particular, when a = 0, the theoretical sway angle of the wind vane is 0 degrees.

[0091] according to Figure 7 , Figure 8 It can be seen that when wind shear occurs, the degree of decrease in wind speed measured by the anemometer is correlated with the wind direction value measured by the wind vane. That is:

[0092] D=F1*cos(a)*φ1 / F2*cos(a)*φ2=F1*φ1 / F2*φ2……(9)

[0093] The cos(a) in the numerator and denominator can be approximated, wherein the value of φ1 is greater than the value of φ2 in the case of wind shear, because if the wind direction is not horizontal, the force structure of the anemometer determines that the anemometer can rotate, and the force structure of the wind vane determines that the swing of the wind vane will be smaller. According to the characteristics of the wind when the wind occurs wind shear, the wind shear working condition is detected.

[0094] Secondly, the results obtained according to the above embodiment are verified:

[0095] As shown in Figure 9 , it is the wind speed and wind direction correlation calculated by using the data with angle mutation and combining formula (2) and formula (4). As can be seen from the figure, at 317 and 4425, the angle value has a mutation, and before this time, the correlation of the calculated wind speed and wind direction is 74 and 82 (right coordinate axis), that is, the correlation is very high. The reason is that in the case of wind shear, the value of φ1 is greater than the value of φ2, wherein the time difference is the action time of wind speed change, which is the actual difference experienced by the impeller rotating to the corresponding wind action position.

[0096] As shown in Figure 10 , it is the wind speed and wind direction correlation calculated by using the data without angle mutation and combining formula (2) and formula (4); as can be seen from the figure, the maximum value of the wind speed and wind direction correlation is about 25 (right coordinate axis), which is much smaller than Figure 9 the calculated value shown.

[0097] Therefore, the wind shear working condition determination method of the present disclosure is feasible and accurate.

[0098] In summary, the present disclosure does not need to install additional wind speed and wind direction detection equipment, but uses the existing wind speed and wind direction sensors of the wind turbine and the characteristics of wind shear to detect the wind shear working condition. Among the parameters involved, the height of the wind does not need to be accurately judged, and the wind shear can be detected according to the change trend of the wind speed and wind direction. The method is simple and does not need complex condition judgment. The wind shear working condition can be detected with existing operating data. After the wind condition appears abnormal, the safety of the wind turbine is protected in time to prevent damage to mechanical parts. Compared with the method of stopping only according to the wind speed or only according to the wind direction in related technology, the present disclosure can minimize the loss of power generation caused by additional factors.

[0099] Figure 11 is a block diagram of a wind shear working condition determination device of a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 11 , the device comprises an operating data acquisition unit 110, a similarity determination unit 112 and a working condition determination unit 114.

[0100] The running data acquisition unit 110 is configured to acquire real-time running data of the wind turbine generator set, wherein the real-time running data includes wind speed values and wind direction values at multiple sampling time points; the similarity determination unit 112 is configured to determine similarity of wind speed and wind direction of an environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time running data; and the working condition determination unit 114 is configured to determine that the wind turbine generator set is in a wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the similarity determination unit 112 is further configured to determine a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point in the real-time running data; and determine the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the similarity determination unit 112 is further configured to acquire a logarithm of a ratio of the wind speed value at the first sampling time point to the wind speed value at the second sampling time point as a wind speed value ratio logarithm; acquire a logarithm of a ratio of a first analog height at which the wind speed value at the first sampling time point is collected to a second analog height at which the wind speed value at the second sampling time point is collected as an analog height ratio logarithm, wherein the first analog height is greater than the second analog height; and determine a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind speed value ratio logarithm and the analog height ratio logarithm.

[0103] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the similarity determination unit 112 is further configured to determine a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on a difference between the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point; or,

[0104] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the similarity determination unit 112 is further configured to acquire a difference between the wind direction value at the second sampling time point and the wind direction value at the first sampling time point; and determine the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment where the wind turbine generator set is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed and the difference.

[0105] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the working condition determination unit 114 is further configured to determine a current running state of the wind turbine generator set in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold; and determine that the wind turbine generator set is in a wind shear working condition in response to determining that the current running state of the wind turbine generator set is a pitch adjustment state.

[0106] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the running data acquisition unit 110 is further configured to acquire the wind speed value through a cup anemometer of the wind turbine generator set; and acquire the wind direction value through a wind vane of the wind turbine generator set.

[0107] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is also provided a wind turbine generator set comprising a wind cup anemometer and a rotating wind vane, the wind turbine generator set further comprising any of the wind shear condition determining devices described above.

[0108] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable storage medium storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform the wind shear condition determining method of the wind turbine generator set as described in any of the embodiments above.

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a system comprising at least one computing device and at least one storage device storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform the wind shear condition determining method of the wind turbine generator set as described in any of the embodiments above.

[0110] While some embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it is to be understood that modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for determining wind shear conditions in a wind turbine generator set, characterized in that, The method comprises: acquiring real-time operation data of a wind turbine, wherein the real-time operation data comprises wind speed values and wind direction values at multiple sampling time points; determining similarity of wind speed and wind direction of an environment in which the wind turbine is located based on wind speed values and wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time operation data; in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold, determining that the wind turbine is in a wind shear working condition; wherein the step of determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on wind speed values and wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time operation data comprises: determining a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on wind speed values at a first sampling time point and a second sampling time point in the real-time operation data; determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind shear index of wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point.

2. The wind shear operating condition determination method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on wind speed values at a first sampling time point and a second sampling time point in the real-time operation data comprises: acquiring a logarithm of a ratio of the wind speed value at the first sampling time point to the wind speed value at the second sampling time point as a wind speed value ratio logarithm; acquiring a logarithm of a ratio of a first analog height at which the wind speed value at the first sampling time point is collected to a second analog height at which the wind speed value at the second sampling time point is collected as an analog height ratio logarithm, wherein the first analog height is greater than the second analog height; determining the wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed value ratio logarithm and the analog height ratio logarithm.

3. The wind shear operating condition determination method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on wind speed values at a first sampling time point and a second sampling time point in the real-time operation data comprises: determining the wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on a difference between the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point.

4. The wind shear operating condition determination method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind shear index of wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point comprises: acquiring a difference between the wind direction value at the second sampling time point and the wind direction value at the first sampling time point; determining the similarity of wind speed and wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind shear index of wind speed and the difference.

5. The wind shear operating condition determination method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining that the wind turbine is in a wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold comprises: determining a current operating state of the wind turbine in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold; determining that the wind turbine is in a wind shear working condition in response to determining that the current operating state of the wind turbine is a pitch adjusting state.

6. The wind shear operating condition determination method of claim 1, wherein, After the step of determining that the wind turbine is in a wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold, the method further comprises: controlling the wind turbine to stop; or controlling the wind turbine to stop pitch control; obtaining a rotating speed of a rotor of the wind turbine; and in response to the rotating speed being greater than a second preset threshold, controlling the wind turbine to stop.

7. The wind shear case determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The step of obtaining real-time operation data of the wind turbine includes: obtaining a wind speed value through a wind cup anemometer of the wind turbine; obtaining a wind direction value through a rotating wind vane of the wind turbine.

8. A wind shear operating condition determination apparatus for a wind turbine system, characterized by, comprise: an operation data obtaining unit configured to obtain real-time operation data of a wind turbine, wherein the real-time operation data comprises wind speed values and wind direction values at a plurality of sampling time points; a similarity determining unit configured to determine a similarity of wind speed and wind direction of an environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed values and the wind direction values at two sampling time points in the real-time operation data; a working condition determining unit configured to determine that the wind turbine is in a wind shear working condition in response to the similarity being greater than a predetermined threshold. The similarity determining unit is further configured to determine a wind shear index of wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point in the real-time operation data, and determine the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed, the wind direction value at the first sampling time point, and the wind direction value at the second sampling time point.

9. The wind shear operating condition determining apparatus of claim 8, wherein The similarity determining unit is further configured to obtain a logarithm of a ratio of the wind speed value at the first sampling time point to the wind speed value at the second sampling time point as a wind speed value ratio logarithm, and obtain a logarithm of a ratio of a first analog height at which the wind speed value at the first sampling time point is collected to a second analog height at which the wind speed value at the second sampling time point is collected as an analog height ratio logarithm, wherein the first analog height is greater than the second analog height, and determine the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind speed value ratio logarithm and the analog height ratio logarithm. The similarity determining unit is further configured to determine the wind shear index of the wind speed of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on a difference between the wind speed value at the first sampling time point and the wind speed value at the second sampling time point, or The similarity determining unit is further configured to obtain a difference between the wind direction value at the second sampling time point and the wind direction value at the first sampling time point, and determine the similarity of the wind speed and the wind direction of the environment in which the wind turbine is located based on the wind shear index of the wind speed and the difference.

10. The wind shear operating condition determining apparatus of claim 8, wherein The working condition determining unit is further configured to determine a current operation state of the wind turbine in response to the similarity being greater than a first preset threshold, and determine that the wind turbine is in the wind shear working condition in response to determining that the current operation state of the wind turbine is a pitch control state.

11. The wind shear operating condition determining apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by, The operation data obtaining unit is further configured to obtain a wind speed value through a wind cup anemometer of the wind turbine, and obtain a wind direction value through a rotating wind vane of the wind turbine.

12. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, wherein, The instructions, when executed by the at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform a wind shear operating condition determination method for a wind turbine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

13. A system comprising at least one computing device and at least one storage device storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform the method of any one of claims 1-12. The instructions, when executed by the at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform a wind shear operating condition determination method for a wind turbine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

14. A wind turbine generator system comprising a cup anemometer and a rotating wind vane, characterized in that, The wind turbine further comprises a wind shear operating condition determination apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 11.

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