A method, device, medium and system for analyzing thunderstorm cloud cluster state changes

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of thunder and lightning monitoring and forecasting, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing the state change of thunderstorm clouds, which establishes a mathematical model, introduces a determination method of thunderstorm moving speed and thunderstorm splitting and merging, and better solves the technical problem that it is difficult to determine splitting or merging in the tracking process of thunderstorm clouds, and is suitable for popularization in the thunder and lightning forecasting industry. The present application also provides a non-transient readable recording medium storing a program of the method and a system containing the medium, and the program can be called by a processing circuit to execute the above method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lightning monitoring technology and discloses a method, device, system, and recording medium storing a program capable of executing the method for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds. Background Technology

[0002] Thunderstorms, as severe convective weather systems, are often accompanied by intense electrical discharges. Numerous studies have shown that lightning activity reflects the formation, dissipation, and movement trends of thunderstorms. With the continuous development of lightning detection technology, large-scale nationwide lightning monitoring has become possible. Currently, most domestic and international research on the spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of thunderstorms relies on radar or satellite data for the identification, tracking, and extrapolation of convective cloud clusters, which has also yielded good indicative results in nowcasting severe convective weather. However, radar, based on the electromagnetic wave detection principle, is susceptible to interference from the surrounding environment and is prone to blind spots in complex terrain areas, affecting detection accuracy. Lightning location systems, on the other hand, have wide coverage, are less susceptible to obstruction, and are inexpensive, making them easier to widely deploy and apply. Therefore, compared to radar and satellite data, lightning observation data offers higher real-time observation and lower transmission latency. Furthermore, lightning can reflect the distribution and evolution path of severe convective centers, which is of great significance for real-time monitoring of rapidly forming and dissipating small- to medium-scale convective systems.

[0003] Currently, thunderstorm clustering based on lightning location data often employs clustering methods such as DBSCAN and K-means. These clustering methods can determine the approximate location and shape of thunderstorm clouds at a certain time period, but they are difficult to track the changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds, such as their generation, disappearance, splitting, and merging, at different time periods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds, the specific solution of which includes the following steps:

[0005] S1. Determine the analysis area according to actual needs, divide the time for tracking the state of thunderstorm clouds into multiple time segments with consistent overlap, and the time segment is 1, 2 or 3 times the radar volume scan cycle of the analysis area, and obtain the lightning location data and radar reflectivity data of the analysis area in each time segment.

[0006] S2. Determine the strong convection region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the radar reflectivity data, determine the clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the lightning location data, merge the strong convection region and the clustering region and smooth the data to obtain the final clustering region.

[0007] S3. Name and track the thunderstorm cloud clusters in the initial analysis area. In subsequent periods, if the centroid of the final clustering area of ​​a newly emerging unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is located in the area formed by the displacement of the centroid of the nearest named thunderstorm cloud cluster in the previous period, then it is determined that the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is formed by splitting from the named thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster. Name the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster and mark its origin.

[0008] S4. When tracking reveals that a named thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared in the current time period, the centroid of the final clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud cluster is found in the previous time period. The centroid is translated according to the displacement of the centroid of the nearest non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period. If the centroid is located in the final clustering region of the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster, it is determined that the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster has been merged into the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is determined that the thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared, and the destination of the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster is marked.

[0009] S5. Statistical analysis of lightning parameters based on the formation and dissipation process of thunderstorm clouds.

[0010] Preferably, the lightning parameters include: thunderstorm cloud area, lightning frequency, number of return strokes, proportion of positive return strokes to total return strokes, median current, moving speed, radar echo top height, and vertical liquid water content.

[0011] Preferably, the tracking involves identifying thunderstorm cloud clusters with the same name in different time periods. Based on the lightning activity characteristics of the analyzed area, a movement speed threshold of v km / h is set. If any thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period has a distance ≤ v km / h × t from the previous time period, where t = the time period - the overlapping time period, then the thunderstorm cloud cluster with the smallest distance is identified as a thunderstorm cloud cluster with the same name. Otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is identified as a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster.

[0012] To facilitate the implementation of the above method, this application also provides an apparatus for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds, comprising the following functional modules:

[0013] The data acquisition module is used to determine the analysis area according to actual needs, divide the time of tracking the state of thunderstorm clouds into multiple time segments and time periods with consistent overlap between segments. The time segment is 1, 2 or 3 times the radar volume scan cycle of the analysis area, and acquires the lightning location data and radar reflectivity data of the analysis area within each time segment.

[0014] The clustering module is used to determine the strong convection region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the radar reflectivity data, determine the clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the lightning location data, merge the strong convection region and the clustering region and smooth them to obtain the final clustering region.

[0015] The monitoring module names and tracks thunderstorm cloud clusters in the initial analysis area. In subsequent periods, if the centroid of the final cluster region of a newly emerging unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is located in the area formed by the nearest named thunderstorm cloud cluster moving according to the expected displacement in the final cluster region of the previous period, the expected displacement is the displacement of the centroid of the named thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current period. If so, it is determined that the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster splits from the named thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster. The unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is named and its origin is marked.

[0016] When tracking reveals that a named thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared in the current time period, the centroid of the final clustering region of that thunderstorm cloud cluster is found in the previous time period. The centroid is then shifted according to the displacement of the centroid of the nearest non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period. If the centroid is located within the final clustering region of the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster, the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to be merged into the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to have disappeared, and its destination is marked.

[0017] The statistics module is used to collect lightning parameters during the formation and dissipation of thunderstorm clouds.

[0018] Preferably, the lightning parameters include at least one of the following: thunderstorm cloud area, lightning frequency, number of return strokes, proportion of positive return strokes to total return strokes, median current, moving speed, radar echo top height, and vertical liquid water content.

[0019] Preferably, the tracking mentioned in the monitoring module refers to confirming thunderstorm cloud clusters with the same name in different time periods. Based on the lightning activity characteristics of the analysis area, a moving speed judgment threshold of v km / h is set. If any thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period has a distance ≤ v km / h × t from the previous time period, where t = the time period - the overlapping time period, then the thunderstorm cloud cluster with the smallest distance is determined to be a thunderstorm cloud cluster with the same name; otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to be a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster.

[0020] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a non-transient readable recording medium for storing one or more programs containing multiple instructions, which, when executed, cause the processing circuit to perform the above-described method for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds.

[0021] The present invention also provides a system for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds, comprising a processing circuit and a memory electrically coupled thereto, characterized in that the memory is configured to store at least one program, the program containing multiple instructions, and the processing circuit runs the program to perform the above-described method for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention:

[0023] This invention performs thunderstorm clustering based on the DBSCAN algorithm, and fuses it with radar data to obtain the final thunderstorm clustering result, further performing thunderstorm tracking and parameter analysis. By introducing rules for determining thunderstorm movement speed and thunderstorm splitting / merging, the complex problem of thunderstorm splitting or merging is effectively solved. After fusing and clustering lightning location data with radar data into thunderstorms, on the one hand, it can better utilize lightning location data to conduct targeted analysis of thunderstorm-scale lightning activity parameters based on existing radar clustering; on the other hand, it can provide technical support for short-term thunderstorm forecasting. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of merging the radar reflectivity factor determination area and the lightning location data clustering area in an embodiment of the present invention. In (a), the dark broken line represents the area with radar reflectivity greater than or equal to 30dBZ in the analysis area, and the light broken line represents the lightning location data clustering area. (b) is the result of merging the two areas in (a).

[0025] Figure 2 This is a time-segmented thunderstorm cloud cluster final clustering region map in an embodiment of the present invention; where (a) and (b) are maps obtained at two adjacent time intervals, respectively;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the final clustering region changes of thunderstorm cloud clusters with the same name in an embodiment of the present invention; where (a) and (b) are the diagrams obtained at two adjacent time points, respectively;

[0027] Figure 4 This is an example chart showing the association of thunderstorm cloud cluster data during certain thunderstorm clustering periods in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 The diagram shows the distribution of various parameters during the development of thunderstorm cloud 1 in this embodiment of the invention, where (a) represents the distribution of lightning frequency and area, (b) represents the distribution of return strokes and the proportion of positive return strokes, and (c) represents the distribution of median current and moving speed.

[0029] Figure 6 The diagram shows the distribution of various parameters during the development of thunderstorm cloud cluster 9 in this embodiment of the invention. (a) shows the distribution of lightning frequency and area, (b) shows the distribution of return strokes and the proportion of positive return strokes, and (c) shows the distribution of median current and moving speed.

[0030] Figure 7 The diagram shows the distribution of various parameters during the development of the thunderstorm cloud cluster 20 in this embodiment of the invention. (a) shows the distribution of lightning frequency and area, (b) shows the distribution of return strokes and the proportion of positive return strokes, and (c) shows the distribution of median current and moving speed. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without innovative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] An embodiment of a device for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds includes the following functional modules:

[0033] The data acquisition module is used to determine the analysis area according to actual needs, divide the time of tracking the state of thunderstorm clouds into multiple time segments and time periods with consistent overlap between segments. The time segment is 1, 2 or 3 times the radar volume scan cycle of the analysis area, and acquires the lightning location data and radar reflectivity data of the analysis area within each time segment.

[0034] The clustering module is used to determine the strong convection region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the radar reflectivity data, determine the clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the lightning location data, merge the strong convection region and the clustering region and smooth them to obtain the final clustering region.

[0035] The monitoring module names and tracks thunderstorm cloud clusters in the initial analysis area. In subsequent periods, if the centroid of the final cluster region of a newly emerging unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is located in the area formed by the nearest named thunderstorm cloud cluster moving according to the expected displacement in the final cluster region of the previous period, the expected displacement is the displacement of the centroid of the named thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current period. If so, it is determined that the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster splits from the named thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster. The unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is named and its origin is marked.

[0036] When tracking reveals that a named thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared in the current time period, the centroid of the final clustering region of that thunderstorm cloud cluster is found in the previous time period. The centroid is then shifted according to the displacement of the centroid of the nearest non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period. If the centroid is located within the final clustering region of the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster, the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to be merged into the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to have disappeared, and its destination is marked.

[0037] The statistics module is used to collect lightning parameters during the formation and dissipation of thunderstorm clouds.

[0038] The modules mentioned above maintain communication connections. Data is processed sequentially from the data acquisition module through the clustering module and the monitoring module before being input into the statistics module. In this embodiment, the statistics module only counts the thunderstorm cloud area, lightning frequency, number of return strokes, proportion of positive return strokes to the total number of return strokes, median current, and movement speed of each thunderstorm cloud cluster.

[0039] For details on the specific tracking methods in the module and the specific operation methods after the device in this embodiment is put into use, please refer to the following embodiment of a method for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds:

[0040] This embodiment analyzes a thunderstorm that occurred in a certain location on August 20, 2020.

[0041] Step 1: Preliminary investigation determined that the analysis time range for this thunderstorm event was from 12:06 to 18:48 on August 20, 2020, and the spatial range was within a 100km radius centered at (114.29°E, 30.57°N), with more than 3 participating location stations. The thunderstorm clustering time period (i.e., the time period mentioned above) T was selected as 12 minutes, twice the radar volume scan cycle, and the repetition time period c was 6 minutes. The current lightning location data and radar data were divided into 68 thunderstorm clustering time periods.

[0042] Step 2: For each of the 68 radar volume scan times, identify and mark the regions with a radar reflectivity factor greater than or equal to 30 dBZ. For example... Figure 1 (a) The area shown by the black curve.

[0043] Step 3: The DBSCAN clustering algorithm is used to cluster the 68 thunderstorm clustering time periods in Step 1. After matching the clustering results of lightning location data with the areas with radar reflectivity factors greater than or equal to 30dBZ during the same period under different parameter combinations, the clustering parameter ε is set to 8km and the minimum number of scan points MinPts is set to 10 to obtain the thunderstorm clustering areas for each thunderstorm clustering time period.

[0044] Step 4: Merge the regions with radar reflectivity factors greater than or equal to 30 dBZ in the 68 thunderstorm clustering periods with the thunderstorm clustering regions obtained from the lightning location data to obtain the final clustering regions for each thunderstorm cloud cluster. Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the merging of clusters for a single thunderstorm period. The final clustering result after merging is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, scatter points of different hues represent return strokes within different thunderstorm cloud clusters, and polygons of different hues represent the final clustering regions of different thunderstorm cloud clusters.

[0045] Step 5: Based on the characteristics of thunderstorm activity in a certain area, set the movement speed threshold to 100 km / h, t = the time period - the overlapping time period = Tc = 12 - 6 = 6 min, and the distance threshold between preceding and following time periods is 10 km. Use this threshold to track thunderstorm cloud clusters with the same name. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 The result was renamed after tracking a thunderstorm cloud cluster with the same name. (Followed by tracking...) Figure 2 (b) Clustering #3 at 13:48 and Figure 2 (a) The centroid distance of cluster #5 at 13:42 is less than 10 km, so the thunderstorm cloud clusters corresponding to the two clusters are the same name thunderstorm cloud clusters.

[0046] Step Six: Based on the current clustering results, determine the merging and splitting of thunderstorm cloud clusters, linking the thunderstorm cloud clusters from each thunderstorm clustering period to form the generation, dissipation, and development of each thunderstorm cloud cluster within the thunderstorm analysis time range. Based on the centroid motion pattern determined in steps S3-S4 above, at 12:54, thunderstorm cloud cluster 3 disappears, and thunderstorm cloud cluster 2 splits into thunderstorm cloud clusters 2 and 4; thunderstorm cloud cluster 6 is a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster at 13:42. Both thunderstorm cloud clusters 4 and 6 are newly named thunderstorm cloud clusters. Thunderstorm cloud cluster 6 merges into thunderstorm cloud cluster 1 at 14:06, as detailed below. Figure 4 As shown, the same background color indicates the development process of the same thunderstorm cloud cluster, the gray background color indicates the short-term appearance of the thunderstorm cloud cluster and is not analyzed, and the line segments are used to connect the merging and splitting thunderstorm cloud clusters.

[0047] It should be noted that:

[0048] (1) When a cluster of thunderstorm clouds merges into other clusters of thunderstorm clouds, the development of that thunderstorm cloud cluster is considered to have ended.

[0049] (2) If a cluster of thunderstorm clouds A briefly splits from a cluster of thunderstorm clouds B and then re-merges back into B, then cluster A is directly reassigned to cluster B at the corresponding moment. For example, Figure 4 During the period from 13:24 to 13:42, thunderstorm cloud cluster 2 first split into thunderstorm cloud clusters 2 and 4. After two thunderstorm clustering periods, they merged back into thunderstorm cloud cluster 2. Therefore, in subsequent processing, thunderstorm cloud cluster 4 was directly incorporated into thunderstorm cloud cluster 2 for analysis.

[0050] Step Seven: Based on the formation and dissipation development of each thunderstorm cloud cluster, select representative thunderstorm cloud clusters to analyze the changes in various parameters during their development. This embodiment selects six thunderstorm cloud clusters for statistical analysis. Thunderstorm cloud clusters 1 and 2 developed from natural formation and ended with merging; thunderstorm cloud cluster 40 developed from merging and ended with natural dissipation; thunderstorm cloud clusters 3, 16, and 49 developed from natural formation and ended with natural dissipation. One thunderstorm cloud cluster from each of the above three categories is selected to display the statistical results of its development parameters. For example... Figure 5-7 As shown, the frequency of lightning, the area of ​​thunderstorm clouds, and the number of return strikes change similarly over time, and all of them can reflect the formation and dissipation of the corresponding thunderstorm clouds.

[0051] Step 8: Record the area of ​​each thunderstorm cloud, the frequency of lightning, the number of return strokes, the proportion of positive return strokes to the total number of return strokes, the median current, and the speed of movement.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computers or available storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0053] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0054] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0055] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0056] Assembling the above methods and steps into a program and storing it on a hard disk or other non-transitory storage medium constitutes an embodiment of the present invention's "a non-transitory readable recording medium"; while electrically connecting the storage medium to a computer processor and performing data processing to track and analyze the parameters of thunderstorm clouds constitutes an embodiment of the present invention's "a system for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds".

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the analysis area according to actual needs, divide the time for tracking the state of thunderstorm clouds into multiple time segments with consistent overlap, the duration of which is 1, 2 or 3 times the radar volume scan cycle of the analysis area, and acquire lightning location data and radar reflectivity data of the analysis area in each time segment. S2. Determine the strong convection region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the radar reflectivity data, determine the clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the lightning location data, merge the strong convection region and the clustering region and smooth the data to obtain the final clustering region. S3. Name and track the thunderstorm cloud clusters in the initial analysis area. In subsequent periods, if the centroid of the final cluster region of a newly emerging unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is located in the area formed by the nearest named thunderstorm cloud cluster in the previous period moving according to the expected displacement, where the expected displacement is the displacement of the centroid of the named thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current period, then it is determined that the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is formed by splitting from the named thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster. Name the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster and mark its origin. S4. When tracking reveals that a named thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared in the current time period, the centroid of the final clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud cluster is found in the previous time period. The centroid is translated according to the displacement of the centroid of the nearest non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period. If the centroid is located in the final clustering region of the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster, it is determined that the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster has been merged into the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is determined that the thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared, and the destination of the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster is marked. S5. Statistical analysis of lightning parameters based on the formation and dissipation process of thunderstorm clouds.

2. The method for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds according to claim 1, characterized in that... The lightning parameters include at least one of the following: thunderstorm cloud area, lightning frequency, number of return strokes, proportion of positive return strokes to total return strokes, median current, moving speed and radar echo top height, and vertical liquid water content.

3. The method for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds according to claim 2, characterized in that... The tracking involves identifying thunderstorm cloud clusters with the same name at different time periods. Based on the lightning activity characteristics of the analyzed area, a movement speed threshold of v km / h is set. If any thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period has a distance ≤ v km / h × t from the previous time period, where t = the time period - the overlapping time period, then the thunderstorm cloud cluster with the smallest distance is identified as the same name thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is identified as a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster.

4. A device for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds, characterized in that... Includes the following functional modules: The data acquisition module is used to determine the analysis area according to actual needs, divide the time of tracking the state of thunderstorm clouds into multiple time segments and time periods with consistent overlap between segments. The time segment is 1, 2 or 3 times the radar volume scan cycle of the analysis area, and acquires the lightning location data and radar reflectivity data of the analysis area within each time segment. The clustering module is used to determine the strong convection region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the radar reflectivity data, determine the clustering region of the thunderstorm cloud based on the lightning location data, merge the strong convection region and the clustering region and smooth them to obtain the final clustering region. The monitoring module names and tracks thunderstorm cloud clusters in the initial analysis area. In subsequent periods, if the centroid of the final cluster region of a newly emerging unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is located in the area formed by the nearest named thunderstorm cloud cluster moving according to the expected displacement in the final cluster region of the previous period, the expected displacement is the displacement of the centroid of the named thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current period. If so, it is determined that the unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster splits from the named thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, it is a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster. The unnamed thunderstorm cloud cluster is named and its origin is marked. When tracking reveals that a named thunderstorm cloud cluster has disappeared in the current time period, the centroid of the final clustering region of that thunderstorm cloud cluster is found in the previous time period. The centroid is then shifted according to the displacement of the centroid of the nearest non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period. If the centroid is located within the final clustering region of the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster, the disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to be merged into the non-disappeared thunderstorm cloud cluster. Otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to have disappeared, and its destination is marked. The statistics module is used to collect statistics on lightning parameters during the formation and dissipation of thunderstorm clouds.

5. The apparatus for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds according to claim 4, characterized in that... The lightning parameters include at least one of the following: thunderstorm cloud area, lightning frequency, number of return strokes, proportion of positive return strokes to total return strokes, median current, moving speed and radar echo top height, and vertical liquid water content.

6. The apparatus for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds according to claim 5, characterized in that... The tracking mentioned in the monitoring module refers to confirming thunderstorm cloud clusters with the same name in different time periods. Based on the lightning activity characteristics of the analysis area, a moving speed judgment threshold of v km / h is set. If any thunderstorm cloud cluster in the current time period has a distance ≤ v km / h × t from the previous time period, where t = the time period - the overlapping time period, then the thunderstorm cloud cluster with the smallest distance is determined to be a thunderstorm cloud cluster with the same name; otherwise, the thunderstorm cloud cluster is determined to be a newly generated thunderstorm cloud cluster.

7. A non-transitory readable recording medium for storing one or more programs containing multiple instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed, the processing circuit will perform a method for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds as described in any one of claims 1-3.

8. A system for analyzing changes in the state of thunderstorm clouds, characterized in that... The device includes a processing circuit and a memory electrically coupled thereto, characterized in that the memory is configured to store at least one program, the program comprising a plurality of instructions, the processing circuit running the program being able to execute a program for analyzing the state changes of thunderstorm clouds according to any one of claims 1-3.

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