The method of planting sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse with three fruits in two years

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting, and in particular to a solar greenhouse potted sweet cherry planting method for two years and three times of fruiting, and the steps are as follows: select a two-year-old cherry tree to dormant in a greenhouse for two months in early October; start heating production in early December, harvest in early March of the second year, move to a cold storage to dormant in early July, defoliate 5 days before dormancy, move to a solar greenhouse to heat up production in early September, and harvest and market at the end of December; grow for 3 months after harvesting, put down a greenhouse quilt in early March of the third year to dormant until early April, defoliate 5 days before dormancy, dormant in a naturally cool climate in the greenhouse; heat up after breaking dormancy in mid-April, and harvest again at the end of June. The present invention realizes two years and three times of fruiting, is suitable for planting in northern regions, can realize fruit picking three times in two years for many consecutive years, has high yield each time, is suitable for early, mid and late maturing multiple cherry varieties, and does not affect the life of the cherry tree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a solar greenhouse potted sweet cherry planting method that bears fruit three times in two years. Background Art

[0002] Cherry is a temperate deciduous fruit tree. It can be planted in the open field or under rain shelters in warm areas with an average annual temperature of 10 degrees. It can also be planted in solar greenhouses and cold sheds in cold northern areas. Sweet cherries need to complete a 1000 to 1440 hours of dormancy in an environment of 0 to 7.2 degrees Celsius in winter before they can bloom and bear fruit in the spring of the following year. Under natural conditions, cherries bloom, spread leaves and bear fruit in spring, are harvested in summer, shed leaves in autumn, and dormant in winter, bearing fruit once a year. Solar greenhouses in northern regions can take advantage of the cool autumn weather, dormant in advance, break dormancy and heat up production in advance, and the fruits can be harvested from February to May, also once a year.

[0003] A Chinese patent, with the patent publication number CN 106258766 B, discloses a facility cultivation method for cherry that bears fruit twice a year. The document states as follows: "The temperature starts to rise from mid-January, and the first fruit harvest ends at the end of March; after two and a half months of growth and development, the flower bud differentiation ends, and the temperature drops and dormancy begins in mid-June after the leaves fall, and the dormancy period is from mid-June to mid-July; the dormancy begins to break and the temperature rises in mid-July, and after another two and a half months of growth and development, the second fruit harvest ends at the end of September; after the fruit is harvested, after another two and a half months of growth and development, the temperature drops and dormancy begins in mid-December, and the dormancy period is from mid-December to mid-January of the following year, and the temperature rises again in mid-January of the following year to produce the second year's fruit." The patent records that the dormancy period is from mid-June to mid-July. The temperature from mid-June to mid-July is relatively high, and cherries cannot achieve dormancy under normal temperature conditions. The literature does not introduce how to cool down and dormant in summer. The patent method achieves fruiting twice a year, which is not feasible in practice. The tree dormancy period of one month is too short, and only short-low temperature cherry varieties can be applied. Short-low temperature cherry is an early-maturing cherry suitable for planting in the south. The varieties introduced and applied in the patent are early-maturing varieties such as Hongdeng, Moli, Longguan and Zaodaguo. It only takes 2 and a half months from temperature rise to fruit harvesting. The cycle is too short. Early-maturing varieties are possible, but the second yield is low. Continuous harvesting of fruits twice a year will shorten the high-yield years of cherry trees and affect the life of cherry trees. The varieties introduced and applied in the patent are early-maturing varieties such as Hongdeng, Moli, Longguan and Zaodaguo, which are not the main varieties cultivated in the facility. Mei Zao, E Ba, Shami Dou and Meimei Hong, the main varieties cultivated in northern facilities now, need more than 95 days from tree germination, flowering to harvesting, and the patent method cannot be applied. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provides a method for planting sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse three times in two years. The method is suitable for planting in solar greenhouses in northern regions, can achieve fruit picking for many consecutive years, has high yield, is suitable for the cultivation of various early, mid and late-ripening cherry varieties, and does not affect the high yield and lifespan of the cherry trees.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for planting sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse to produce fruits three times in two years, the planting steps are as follows:

[0007] (I) Natural dormancy in greenhouse: In early October, the cherry trees are placed in a solar greenhouse and placed in low-temperature, dark-light dormancy. The natural cool climate in the northern region is used to control the temperature at 0-7.2℃ for two months.

[0008] (II) First heating production: Heating production starts in early December. Specifically, dormancy-breaking agent is applied one day before heating, quilts are uncovered to the roof during heating, fertilizer is applied one week after heating, daytime temperature is controlled at 21-23℃ during budding period, 18-21℃ during flowering period, 21-23℃ during fruit expansion period, night temperature is 10-12℃, humidity is 65%-75% during budding period to young fruit period, humidity is 40%-45% during fruit expansion period to harvest period, and harvest is carried out in early March of the second year;

[0009] (III) Cold storage dormancy: After the cherry trees are harvested in early March, fertilizer is applied to the soil to restore the tree vigor and promote the differentiation and fullness of flower buds. In early July, they are moved to a cold storage for dormancy. Before dormancy, the leaves are removed. The temperature of the cold storage is lowered by 2 degrees every day for the first 15 days and then maintained at 6-7℃. The temperature is maintained at 4-5℃ for the last month, and the trees are dormant for 2 months.

[0010] (IV) Second heating production: Move to the solar greenhouse for heating in early September. Break the dormancy agent in the afternoon of the day before heating. Remove the quilt to the roof when heating. Fertilize one week after heating. Control the temperature during the day at 21-23℃ during the budding period, 18-21℃ during the flowering period, and 21-23℃ during the fruit expansion period. The night temperature is 10-12℃. The humidity from the budding period to the young fruit period is 65%-75%, and the humidity from the fruit expansion period to the harvest period is 40%-45%. Harvest at the end of December. Apply farmyard manure and biological organic fertilizer to the soil after harvesting, and spray amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves to restore the tree vigor. The greenhouse temperature is 23-26℃ during the day and 10-12℃ at night. Management promotes the differentiation of flower buds.

[0011] (V) Natural dormancy in greenhouse: From early March to mid-April of the third year, put down the greenhouse blanket for dormancy, remove the leaves before dormancy, and use the natural cool climate in the northern region to control the temperature at 0-7.2℃ for dormancy;

[0012] (VI) The third temperature increase for production: The temperature is increased in mid-April. The dormancy agent is broken the day before the temperature increase. The quilt is removed to the roof during the temperature increase. Fertilization is applied one week after the temperature increase. The daytime temperature is controlled at 21-23℃ during the budding period, 18-21℃ during the flowering period, and 21-23℃ during the fruit expansion period. The night temperature is 10-12℃. The humidity is 65%-75% from the budding period to the young fruit period, and 40%-45% from the fruit expansion period to the harvest period. Harvest at the end of June.

[0013] Preferably, the cherry tree varieties described in step (i) are Mei Zao, E Ba, Mei Mei Hong and Sha Mi Tuo, and the cherry trees are biennial.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilization one week after the temperature rise in steps (ii), (iv) and (vi) is specifically: applying 2 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per plant in the planting bag, and spraying boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer on the leaves before flowering.

[0015] Preferably, the sleep-breaking agent in steps (ii), (iv) and (vi) is spraying a 1% to 2% aqueous solution of 50% cyanamide.

[0016] Preferably, the postpartum fertilizer described in step (iii) is bacterial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the defoliation treatment in step (iii) and step (v) is specifically: spraying 0.5% urea + 40% ethephon 600 times aqueous solution 5 days before dormancy to promote defoliation.

[0018] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following effects:

[0019] The present invention utilizes the natural low temperature dormancy in the winter and early spring in the north twice, and utilizes the refrigeration dormancy in the summer cold storage once, achieving three fruits in two years, and at the same time ensuring three sufficient production and dormancy time and dormancy conditions. According to the present invention, it can be harvested three times in two years for many years. Among them, the potted cherry trees are dormant in July by using the cold storage refrigeration, and the temperature rises in early September. The fruit is put on the market before New Year's Day in advance, achieving an output of about 800 catties per mu, filling the market gap. The Chinese patent with the prior art publication number CN106258766 B discloses a facility cultivation method for big cherries to bear fruit twice a year. The document records that "the first fruit harvest ends at the end of March; after two and a half months of growth and development, the flower bud differentiation ends, and the leaves fall in mid-June and begin to cool down and dormancy. The dormancy period is from mid-June to mid-July." The patent does not introduce how to cool down, and does not introduce the summer dormancy method. The patent is only applicable to early-maturing varieties such as red lanterns, molly, dragon crowns and early large fruits. The technical solution of the present invention is suitable for early, medium and late-maturing cherry varieties. The temperature during the dormant period is controlled at 0-7.2°C. The average temperature in March in northern my country is -2°C to 8°C, with an average temperature of 8°C during the day and -2°C at night. Due to the quilt covering method, the temperature of the cherry dormant period can be met in the greenhouse for 24 hours, and the third fruit is put on the market at the end of June. The present invention achieves high and stable yields in three harvests in two years. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. The following embodiments are only several specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any non-substantial improvements to the present invention using this concept should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] The methods in the following examples and test data are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The percentage content (%) is by mass unless otherwise specified.

[0022] A method for planting sweet cherries in a solar greenhouse to produce fruits three times in two years, the planting steps are as follows:

[0023] (I) Natural dormancy in greenhouse: In early October 2018, two-year-old Mei Zao, E Ba, Mei Mei Hong and Sha Mi Tuo cherry trees were placed in a solar greenhouse for low-temperature dark light dormancy. The temperature was controlled at 0-7.2℃ for two months using the natural cool climate in the northern region. Each cherry variety was planted on 2 mu of land, and the planting method of each cherry variety was the same;

[0024] (II) The first heating production: The heating production started in early December 2018. The dormancy-breaking agent was applied one day before the heating, and 50% cyanamide 1%-2% aqueous solution was sprayed. The quilt was uncovered to the roof during the heating. One week after the heating, 2kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer were applied to each plant in the planting bag. Boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer were sprayed on the leaves before flowering. The daytime temperature was controlled at 21-23℃ during the germination period, 18-21℃ during the flowering period, and 21-23℃ during the fruit expansion period. The night temperature was 10-12℃. The humidity from the germination period to the young fruit period was 65%-75%, and the humidity from the fruit expansion period to the harvest period was 40%-45%. The harvest was carried out in early March 2019, and the harvest yield of each cherry variety was 800-850 catties per mu;

[0025] (III) Cold storage dormancy: Cherry trees harvested in March 2019 were promptly fertilized with fertilizers containing bacteria and chemical fertilizers to restore tree vigor and promote differentiation and fullness of flower buds. They were moved to a cold storage for dormancy in early July. Five days before dormancy, 0.5% urea + 40% ethephon 600 times aqueous solution was sprayed to promote leaf removal. The leaves turned yellow and fell off. All leaves were removed under the low temperature and dim light conditions of the cold storage. The temperature of the cold storage was reduced by 2 degrees every day for the first 15 days and then maintained at 6-7°C. The temperature was maintained at 4-5°C for the last month and the trees were dormant for 2 months.

[0026] (IV) Second heating production: Move into the solar greenhouse for heating in early September 2019. Break the dormancy agent in the afternoon of the day before heating, spray 50% cyanamide 1% to 2% aqueous solution, uncover the quilt to the roof when heating, and 1 day after heating. In the week, 2kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each plant in the Meizhi bag. Boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves before flowering. The temperature is controlled at 21-23℃ during the budding period, 18-21℃ during the flowering period, and 21-23℃ during the fruit expansion period during the day. The temperature at night is 10-12℃. The humidity from the budding period to the young fruit period is 65%-75%, and the humidity from the fruit expansion period to the harvest period is 40%-45%. The cherry is harvested and put on the market at the end of December. The yield per mu of each cherry variety is 780-810 kilograms; farmyard manure and biological organic fertilizer are applied to the soil after harvesting, and amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves to restore the tree vigor. The temperature in the greenhouse is 23-26℃ during the day and 10-12℃ at night. Management promotes the differentiation of flower buds;

[0027] (V) Natural dormancy in greenhouse: Put down greenhouse blankets for dormancy from early March to mid-April 2020. Spray 0.5% urea + 40% ethephon 600 times aqueous solution 5 days before dormancy to promote leaf removal. The leaves will turn yellow and form abscission layer and fall off. Take advantage of the natural cool climate in the northern region to control the temperature at 0-7.2℃ for dormancy. Complete all leaf removal under low temperature and dim light conditions;

[0028] (Six) The third warming production: Warm up in mid-April 2020, break the dormancy agent the day before warming up, spray 50% cyanamide 1%-2% aqueous solution, uncover the quilt to the roof when warming up, and apply 2kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per plant in the planting bag one week after warming up, spray boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer on the leaves before flowering, control the temperature at daytime at 21-23℃ during germination period, 18-21℃ during flowering period, and 21-23℃ during fruit expansion period, and the temperature at night at 10-12℃, the humidity from germination period to young fruit period is 65%-75%, and the humidity from fruit expansion period to harvest period is 40%-45%. Harvest at the end of June 2020, and the yield of each cherry variety is 590-650 kilograms per mu.

[0029] According to the method of this embodiment, the fruit trees are in good condition and have stable yields until early November 2022, without affecting the life of the cherry trees. In addition to utilizing natural environmental conditions, the temperature and humidity control in this embodiment is achieved by utilizing the temperature and humidity control equipment set in the solar greenhouse.

Claims

1. A method for growing sweet cherries in a greenhouse with potted plants that bear fruit three times in two years, characterized in that The planting steps are as follows: (1) Natural dormancy in greenhouse: In early October, the cherry trees are placed in a solar greenhouse and placed in low-temperature, dark-light dormancy. The natural cool climate in the northern region is used to control the temperature at 0-7.2℃ for two months. (II) First heating production: heating production starts in early December. Specifically, dormancy-breaking agent is applied one day before heating, quilts are uncovered to the roof during heating, fertilizer is applied one week after heating, daytime temperature is controlled at 21-23℃ during budding period, 18-21℃ during flowering period, 21-23℃ during fruit expansion period, night temperature is 10-12℃, humidity is 65%-75% from budding period to young fruit period, humidity is 40%-45% from fruit expansion period to harvest period, and harvest is carried out in early March of the second year; (III) Cold storage dormancy: After the cherry trees are harvested in early March, fertilizer is applied to the soil to restore the tree vigor and promote the differentiation and fullness of flower buds. In early July, they are moved to a cold storage for dormancy. Before dormancy, the leaves are removed. The temperature of the cold storage is lowered by 2 degrees every day for the first 15 days and then maintained at 6-7℃. The temperature is maintained at 4-5℃ for the last month, and the trees are dormant for 2 months. (IV) Second heating production: Move to the solar greenhouse for heating in early September. Break the dormancy agent in the afternoon of the day before heating. Remove the quilt to the roof when heating. Fertilize one week after heating. Control the temperature during the day at 21-23℃ during the budding period, 18-21℃ during the flowering period, and 21-23℃ during the fruit expansion period. The night temperature is 10-12℃. The humidity from the budding period to the young fruit period is 65%-75%, and the humidity from the fruit expansion period to the harvest period is 40%-45%. Harvest at the end of December. Apply farmyard manure and biological organic fertilizer to the soil after harvesting, and spray amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves to restore the tree vigor. The greenhouse temperature is 23-26℃ during the day and 10-12℃ at night. Management promotes the differentiation of flower buds. (V) Natural dormancy in greenhouse: From early March to mid-April of the third year, put down the greenhouse blanket for dormancy, remove the leaves before dormancy, and use the natural cool climate in the northern region to control the temperature at 0-7.2℃ for dormancy; (VI) The third heating production: The temperature is raised in mid-April. The dormancy agent is broken the day before the temperature is raised. The quilt is removed to the roof during the temperature rise. Fertilization is applied one week after the temperature is raised. The daytime temperature is controlled at 21-23℃ during the budding period, 18-21℃ during the flowering period, and 21-23℃ during the fruit expansion period. The night temperature is 10-12℃. The humidity is 65%-75% from the budding period to the young fruit period, and 40%-45% from the fruit expansion period to the harvest period. Harvest at the end of June. The varieties of cherry trees described in step (i) are Mei Zao, E Ba, Mei Mei Hong and Sha Mi Tuo, and the cherry trees are 2 years old.

2. A method for planting sweet cherries in a greenhouse three times a year with fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific fertilization one week after the temperature rise described in step (ii), step (iv) and step (vi) is: apply 2kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per plant in the planting bag, and spray boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer on the leaves before flowering.

3. A method for planting sweet cherries in a greenhouse three times a year with fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that The sleep-breaking agent described in steps (ii), (iv) and (vi) is specifically spraying a 1% to 2% aqueous solution of 50% cyanamide.

4. A method for planting sweet cherries in a greenhouse three times a year with fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that The postpartum fertilizers described in step (iii) are bacterial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers.

5. A method for planting sweet cherries in a greenhouse three times a year with fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that The defoliation treatment described in step (iii) and step (v) is specifically as follows: spraying 0.5% urea + 40% ethephon 600 times aqueous solution 5 days before dormancy to promote defoliation.