A method for planting tomato intercropped with wolfberry

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting wolfberry and tomato intercropping, and relates to the technical field of wolfberry planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preliminary preparation; (2) planting wolfberry; (3) planting tomato; (4) fertilization and topdressing; (5) irrigation; (6) prevention and control of pests and diseases; (7) harvesting; and (8) land preparation. In northern China, wolfberry is harvested in June and tomato is harvested in August, and the fruit swelling periods of the two are staggered and close to each other. The nitrogen element additionally applied to increase the yield of wolfberry can be consumed by the subsequent tomato swelling period, and will not remain in the soil for a long time, causing soil compaction or affecting the balance of soil flora.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wolfberry planting, and more particularly to a planting method of wolfberry intercropping tomatoes. Background Art

[0002] Lycium barbarum is a shrub in the genus Lycium of the Solanaceae family. It is light-loving, cold-resistant and salt-tolerant. It is a pioneer economic species in arid desert wastelands. It has both medicinal and soil and water conservation benefits and is mainly distributed in the northern region of my country.

[0003] The fruiting of wolfberry is sensitive to nitrogen. In order to increase the yield of wolfberry, in addition to using organic fertilizer, additional nitrogen fertilizer needs to be added during the wolfberry planting process. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer accumulation in the soil will lead to problems such as soil compaction and bacterial imbalance.

[0004] Intercropping refers to the planting method of two or more crops in rows or strips on the same field during the same growing season. Intercropping can improve land utilization. The complex crop group formed by intercropping can increase the interception and absorption of sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy. At the same time, the two crops can also complement each other. When intercropping, there is often fierce competition for sunlight, water, nutrients, etc. between different crops. Therefore, choosing the right crops for intercropping can help improve planting results.

[0005] The intercropping patterns of wolfberry in the existing technologies, including "wolfberry intercropping with sugar beets" and "wolfberry intercropping with broccoli" and other methods, are still unable to solve the problem of excessive accumulation of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil during the cultivation of wolfberry.

[0006] Therefore, providing a method for intercropping wolfberries that can solve the problem of excessive nitrogen fertilizer is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomatoes;

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomato comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Preliminary preparation: Select a flat land with deep soil and good drainage in the northern region, and divide the land into wolfberry, blank, tomato, and blank planting areas in the east-west direction with a width of 80 cm, 20 cm, 80 cm, and 20 cm in sequence; dig a ditch in the planting area before winter one year before planting, with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm, apply organic fertilizer to the excavated soil, mix well, backfill, and irrigate the land for soil conservation;

[0011] (2) Planting of wolfberry: loosen the soil when the soil thaws more than 30 cm in late March or early April of the following year, plant wolfberry seedlings in the wolfberry planting ditch with a spacing of 1 m. Water the seedlings in the holes as they are planted. After planting in the greenhouse, water the planting ditch. After watering, loosen the soil after the surface soil is dry to prevent soil caking when planting tomatoes.

[0012] (3) Tomato planting: Starting from the next year after wolfberry planting, tomato seedlings should be planted in early to late May each year. The planting depth should be level with the substrate and the ground, with a spacing of 0.5 m. Water should be poured into the holes to stabilize the seedlings after planting. After planting in the greenhouse, water should be poured along the furrow for planting.

[0013] (4) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the following year, wolfberry compound fertilizer is applied before the wolfberry fruit expansion period in April and May each year, tomato compound fertilizer is applied before the tomato fruit expansion period in June and July each year, and organic fertilizer is applied in November and December each year;

[0014] (5) Irrigation: Drip irrigation tapes are laid between seedlings and drip irrigation is carried out according to the precipitation conditions;

[0015] (6) Prevention and control of pests and diseases;

[0016] (7) Harvesting: wolfberries are harvested in June and tomatoes are harvested in August each year;

[0017] (8) Land preparation: In October each year, the tomato planting area is plowed to remove the tomato plants and underground tomato rhizomes, and the land in the planting area is leveled to prepare for tomato planting next year.

[0018] Furthermore, the organic fertilizers in step (1) and step (4) are calculated by weight as follows: 65-70 parts of livestock manure, 25-30 parts of straw, 15-20 parts of edible fungus residue, 1-5 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of borax, 0.01-0.03 parts of Trichoderma, and 0.01-0.03 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0019] Furthermore, the amount of organic fertilizer applied in step (1) is 300-500 kg / mu, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied in step (4) is 100-300 kg / mu.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (2), the wolfberry seedlings are transplanted and planted when they are 20-30 cm long; and in step (3), the tomato seedlings are transplanted and planted when they have 4-6 leaves.

[0021] Furthermore, the mass percentage of N, P and K in the wolfberry compound fertilizer in step (4) is 2-2.5:1-1.5:1-1.5, and the application amount is 20-25 kg / mu.

[0022] Furthermore, the mass percentage of N, P and K in the tomato compound fertilizer in step (4) is 0.5-1:1-1.5:1.5-2, and the application amount is 25-30 kg / mu.

[0023] Furthermore, the pest control in step (6) includes spraying 1500 times of 25% imidacloprid, 2000 times of 20% amitraz, or 1000 times of cypermethrin in the early stage of wolfberry fruit expansion to control aphids, psyllids, thrips, gall mites, and rust mites.

[0024] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] In the northern region, wolfberries are harvested in June and tomatoes are harvested in August, and the fruit expansion periods of the two are staggered and close to each other. Before the wolfberry fruit expansion period, the present invention applies nitrogen fertilizer in addition to the normal nutritional requirements of wolfberries to stimulate the increase of wolfberry yield, and at the same time reduces the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the compound fertilizer applied before the tomato fruit expansion period. The nitrogen element additionally applied to increase the wolfberry yield can be consumed by the tomato fruit expansion period that follows immediately, and will not remain in the soil for a long time, causing soil compaction or affecting the balance of soil flora. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomato comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Preliminary preparation: Select a flat land with deep soil and good drainage in the northern region, and divide the land into wolfberry, blank, tomato, and blank planting areas in the east-west direction with a width of 80 cm, 20 cm, 80 cm, and 20 cm in sequence; dig a ditch in the planting area before winter one year before planting, with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm, apply 300 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (65 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 25 parts of straw, 15 parts of edible fungus residue, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of superphosphate, 1 part of borax, 0.01 part of Trichoderma, and 0.01 part of Bacillus subtilis) to the excavated soil, mix well, backfill, and irrigate the land for cultivation;

[0030] (2) Planting of wolfberry: loosen the soil when the soil thaws by more than 30 cm in late March of the following year, and plant wolfberry seedlings in the wolfberry planting ditch with a spacing of 1 m. The wolfberry seedlings should be 20-30 cm tall. Water the seedlings in the holes as they are planted. After planting in the greenhouse, water the seedlings along the ditch. After watering, loosen the soil after the surface soil is dry to prevent soil caking when planting tomatoes.

[0031] (3) Tomato planting: Starting from the year after wolfberry planting, tomato seedlings are planted in early May every year. The tomato seedlings have 4-6 leaves. The planting depth is such that the substrate is level with the ground, and the spacing between plants is 0.5m. Water is poured into the holes to stabilize the seedlings after planting. After planting in the greenhouse, water is poured along the furrow for planting.

[0032] (4) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the following year, 20 kg / mu of wolfberry compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 2:1:1) is applied before the wolfberry fruit expansion period in April each year, and 30 kg / mu of tomato compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 0.5:1:1.5) is applied before the tomato fruit expansion period in June each year. In November each year, 300 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (65 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 25 parts of straw, 15 parts of edible fungus residue, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of superphosphate, 1 part of borax, 0.01 part of Trichoderma, and 0.01 part of Bacillus subtilis) is applied;

[0033] (5) Irrigation: Drip irrigation tapes are laid between seedlings and drip irrigation is carried out according to the precipitation conditions;

[0034] (6) Control pests and diseases, including spraying 25% imidacloprid at 1500 times, 20% cypermethrin at 2000 times, or cypermethrin at 1000 times in the early stage of wolfberry fruit expansion to control aphids, psyllids, thrips, gall mites, and rust mites;

[0035] (7) Harvesting: wolfberries are harvested in June and tomatoes are harvested in August each year;

[0036] (8) Land preparation: In October each year, the tomato planting area is plowed to remove the tomato plants and underground tomato rhizomes, and the land in the planting area is leveled to prepare for tomato planting next year.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomato comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) Preliminary preparation: Select a flat land with deep soil and good drainage in the northern region, and divide the land into wolfberry, blank, tomato, and blank planting areas in the east-west direction with a width of 80 cm, 20 cm, 80 cm, and 20 cm in sequence; dig a ditch in the planting area before winter one year before planting, with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm, apply 400 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (68 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 28 parts of straw, 18 parts of edible fungus residue, 3 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of superphosphate, 2 parts of borax, 0.02 parts of Trichoderma, and 0.02 parts of Bacillus subtilis) to the excavated soil, mix well, backfill, and irrigate the land for cultivation;

[0040] (2) Planting of wolfberry: loosen the soil when the soil thaws by more than 30 cm in late March of the following year, and plant wolfberry seedlings in the wolfberry planting ditch with a spacing of 1 m. The wolfberry seedlings should be 20-30 cm tall. Water the seedlings in the holes as they are planted. After planting in the greenhouse, water the seedlings along the ditch. After watering, loosen the soil after the surface soil is dry to prevent soil caking when planting tomatoes.

[0041] (3) Tomato planting: Starting from the year after wolfberry planting, tomato seedlings are planted in mid-May each year. The tomato seedlings have 4-6 leaves. The planting depth is such that the substrate is level with the ground, and the spacing between plants is 0.5m. Water is poured into the holes to stabilize the seedlings after planting. After planting in the greenhouse, water is poured along the furrow for planting.

[0042] (4) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the following year, 2 kg / mu of wolfberry compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 2.3:1.3:1.3) is applied before the wolfberry fruit expansion period in May each year. 25-30 kg / mu of tomato compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 0.8:1.3:1.8) is applied before the tomato fruit expansion period in July each year. In December each year, 200 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (68 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 28 parts of straw, 18 parts of edible fungus residue, 3 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of superphosphate, 2 parts of borax, 0.02 parts of Trichoderma, and 0.02 parts of Bacillus subtilis) is applied.

[0043] (5) Irrigation: Drip irrigation tapes are laid between seedlings and drip irrigation is carried out according to the precipitation conditions;

[0044] (6) Control pests and diseases, including spraying 25% imidacloprid at 1500 times, 20% cypermethrin at 2000 times, or cypermethrin at 1000 times in the early stage of wolfberry fruit expansion to control aphids, psyllids, thrips, gall mites, and rust mites;

[0045] (7) Harvesting: wolfberries are harvested in June and tomatoes are harvested in August each year;

[0046] (8) Land preparation: In October each year, the tomato planting area is plowed to remove the tomato plants and underground tomato rhizomes, and the land in the planting area is leveled to prepare for tomato planting next year.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomato comprises the following steps:

[0049] (1) Preliminary preparation: Select a flat land with deep soil and good drainage in the northern region, and divide the land into wolfberry, blank, tomato, and blank planting areas in the east-west direction with a width of 80 cm, 20 cm, 80 cm, and 20 cm in sequence; dig a ditch in the planting area before winter one year before planting, with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm, apply 500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (70 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 30 parts of straw, 20 parts of edible fungus residue, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of superphosphate, 3 parts of borax, 0.03 parts of Trichoderma, and 0.03 parts of Bacillus subtilis) to the excavated soil, mix well, backfill, and irrigate the land for cultivation;

[0050] (2) Planting of wolfberry: loosen the soil when the soil thaws by more than 30 cm in early April of the following year, and plant wolfberry seedlings in the wolfberry planting ditch with a spacing of 1 m. The wolfberry seedlings should be 20-30 cm tall. Water the seedlings in the holes as they are planted. After planting in the greenhouse, water the seedlings along the ditch. After watering, loosen the soil after the surface soil is dry to prevent soil caking when planting tomatoes.

[0051] (3) Tomato planting: Starting from the year after wolfberry planting, tomato seedlings are planted in late May every year. The tomato seedlings have 4-6 leaves. The planting depth is such that the substrate is level with the ground, and the spacing between plants is 0.5m. Water is poured into the holes to stabilize the seedlings after planting. After planting in the greenhouse, water is poured along the furrow for planting.

[0052] (4) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the following year, 25 kg / mu of wolfberry compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 2.5:1.5:1.5) is applied before the fruit-swelling period of wolfberry in May each year. 25 kg / mu of tomato compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 1:1.5:2) is applied before the fruit-swelling period of tomato in July each year. In December each year, 100 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (70 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 30 parts of straw, 20 parts of edible fungus residue, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of superphosphate, 3 parts of borax, 0.03 parts of Trichoderma, and 0.03 parts of Bacillus subtilis) is applied.

[0053] (5) Irrigation: Drip irrigation tapes are laid between seedlings and drip irrigation is carried out according to the precipitation conditions;

[0054] (6) Control pests and diseases, including spraying 25% imidacloprid at 1500 times, 20% cypermethrin at 2000 times, or cypermethrin at 1000 times in the early stage of wolfberry fruit expansion to control aphids, psyllids, thrips, gall mites, and rust mites;

[0055] (7) Harvesting: wolfberries are harvested in June and tomatoes are harvested in August each year;

[0056] (8) Land preparation: In October each year, the tomato planting area is plowed to remove the tomato plants and underground tomato rhizomes, and the land in the planting area is leveled to prepare for tomato planting next year.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] A method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomato comprises the following steps:

[0059] Steps (1) to (3) are the same as in Example 1;

[0060] (4) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the next year after planting, 15 kg / mu of wolfberry compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 1:1:1) is applied before the wolfberry fruit swelling period in April and May each year. 30 kg / mu of tomato compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 0.5:1:1.5) is applied before the tomato fruit swelling period in June and July each year. In November and December each year, 300 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (65 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 25 parts of straw, 15 parts of edible fungus residue, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of superphosphate, 1 part of borax, 0.01 part of Trichoderma, and 0.01 part of Bacillus subtilis) is applied.

[0061] Steps (5) to (8) are the same as in Example 1;

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] A method for planting wolfberry comprises the following steps:

[0064] (1) Preliminary preparation: select a flat land with deep soil and good drainage in the northern region, and divide the land into wolfberry planting area and blank planting area (i.e., no tomato seedlings are planted between the wolfberry rows) in the east-west direction according to the width of 80 cm and 120 cm respectively; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1;

[0065] (2) Lycium barbarum colonization: same as in Example 1;

[0066] (3) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the next year after planting, 20 kg / mu of wolfberry compound fertilizer (the mass percentage of N, P, and K is 2:1:1) is applied before the wolfberry fruit swelling period in April and May each year, and 300 kg / mu of organic fertilizer (65 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 25 parts of straw, 15 parts of edible fungus residue, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of superphosphate, 1 part of borax, 0.01 part of Trichoderma, and 0.01 part of Bacillus subtilis) is applied in November and December each year;

[0067] (4) Irrigation: same as in Example 1;

[0068] (5) preventing and controlling pests and diseases, as in Example 1;

[0069] (6) Harvesting: Wolfberries are harvested in June every year.

[0070] The wolfberries and tomatoes planted in Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-2 were the same commercially available varieties and were located in adjacent plantations. The average yields of wolfberries and tomatoes were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1;

[0071] Table 1: Average yield of wolfberry and tomato for three consecutive years after planting (unit: kg / mu)

[0072]

[0073] The results show that compared with Example 1, the wolfberry compound fertilizer applied in Comparative Example 1 did not add additional nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in the wolfberry yield of Comparative Example 1 being lower than that of Example 1; and because there was no additional nitrogen residue in the soil, and the tomato compound fertilizer applied was consistent with that in Example 1, which specifically reduced the nitrogen content, the nitrogen content was insufficient during the growth of tomatoes, resulting in a similar reduction in tomato yield.

[0074] Since there is no intercropping of tomatoes in Comparative Example 2, the additional nitrogen fertilizer added to the wolfberry compound fertilizer cannot be consumed and remains in the soil, resulting in soil compaction and dysbacteriosis. As a result, the wolfberry yield is also affected, less than that of Example 1; by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, it can be found that in the first year after planting, the average yield per mu of wolfberry in Comparative Example 2 is 1.3kg more than the average yield per mu of wolfberry in Example 1, while in the second year of planting, Comparative Example 2 is 8kg less than Example 1, and in the third year of planting, it is 14.7kg less. It is proved that with the increase of planting years, the nitrogen content in the soil of Comparative Example 2 will continue to accumulate and begin to affect the yield of wolfberry.

[0075] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for planting wolfberry intercropped with tomatoes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preliminary preparation: Select a flat land with deep soil and good drainage in the northern region, and divide the land into wolfberry, blank, tomato, and blank planting areas in the east-west direction with a width of 80 cm, 20 cm, 80 cm, and 20 cm in sequence; dig a ditch in the planting area before winter one year before planting, with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm, apply organic fertilizer to the excavated soil, mix well, backfill, and irrigate the land for soil conservation; (2) Planting of wolfberry: loosen the soil when the soil thaws more than 30 cm in late March or early April of the following year, plant wolfberry seedlings in the wolfberry planting ditch with a spacing of 1 m. Water the seedlings in the holes as they are planted. After planting in the greenhouse, water the planting ditch. After watering, loosen the soil after the surface soil is dry to prevent soil caking when planting tomatoes. (3) Tomato planting: Starting from the next year after wolfberry planting, tomato seedlings should be planted in early to late May each year. The planting depth should be level with the substrate and the ground, with a spacing of 0.5 m. Water should be poured into the holes to stabilize the seedlings after planting. After planting in the greenhouse, water should be poured along the furrow for planting. (4) Fertilization and topdressing: No fertilizer is applied after planting in the current year. Starting from the following year, wolfberry compound fertilizer is applied before the wolfberry fruit expansion period in April and May each year, tomato compound fertilizer is applied before the tomato fruit expansion period in June and July each year, and organic fertilizer is applied in November and December each year; The element mass percentages of N, P and K in the wolfberry compound fertilizer are 2-2.5:1-1.5:1-1.5, and the application amount is 20-25 kg / mu; The mass percentage of N, P and K in the tomato compound fertilizer is 0.5-1:1-1.5:1.5-2, and the application amount is 25-30 kg / mu; (5) Irrigation: Drip irrigation tapes are laid between seedlings and drip irrigation is carried out according to the precipitation conditions; (6) Prevention and control of pests and diseases; (7) Harvesting: wolfberries are harvested in June and tomatoes are harvested in August each year; (8) Land preparation: In October each year, the tomato planting area is plowed to remove the tomato plants and underground tomato rhizomes, and the land in the planting area is leveled to prepare for tomato planting next year.

2. The method for planting wolfberry intercropped tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizers in step (1) and step (4) are as follows: 65-70 parts of livestock manure, 25-30 parts of straw, 15-20 parts of edible fungus residue, 1-5 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of superphosphate, 1-3 parts of borax, 0.01-0.03 parts of Trichoderma, and 0.01-0.03 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

3. The method for planting wolfberry intercropped tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of organic fertilizer applied in step (1) is 300-500 kg / mu, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied in step (4) is 100-300 kg / mu.

4. The method for planting wolfberry intercropped tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the wolfberry seedlings are transplanted and planted when they are 20-30 cm long; in step (3), the tomato seedlings are transplanted and planted when they have 4-6 leaves.

5. The method for planting wolfberry intercropped tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control in step (6) includes spraying 1500 times of 25% imidacloprid, 2000 times of 20% amitraz or 1000 times of cypermethrin in the early stage of wolfberry fruit expansion to control aphids, psyllids, thrips, gall mites and rust mites.

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