A low-temperature treatment process for mixed waste plastics and its screening device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature and its screening device, belonging to the technical field of plastic screening. The process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature includes the following steps: First, the waste plastics are sorted. Second, the waste plastics are shredded by a shredder. Third, the shredded waste plastics are vibration-screened by a screening device. Fourth, the waste plastics are heated and kneaded by a kneader. Fifth, the kneaded material is placed in a mold and pressed into shape by a press. Sixth, the finished product is taken out of the mold and packaged. By the above method, through the low-temperature heating treatment by the kneader, after the waste plastics collide and rub against each other, and then placed in the product mold for pressure molding, the recycling and reuse of waste plastic resources can be realized, avoiding resource waste and environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plastic screening, and particularly relates to a process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature and a screening device therefor. Background Art

[0002] The treatment of waste plastics generally adopts landfill or incineration methods. The landfill method has problems such as waste of land, land pollution, groundwater pollution, air pollution, and resource waste. The incineration method has disadvantages such as resource waste, air pollution, and high gas treatment costs. Therefore, the problem of resource recycling of waste plastics needs to be solved urgently. In addition, during the vibration screening process of the current screening device, since the residence time of the material inside the screening device is too short, a lot of materials are transmitted out before being screened, and the screening effect needs to be further improved.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention designs a process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature and a screening device therefor to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature and a screening device therefor.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature includes the following steps:

[0007] I. Sort the waste plastics;

[0008] II. Use a shredder to shred the waste plastics;

[0009] III. Use a screening device to vibrate and screen the shredded waste plastics;

[0010] IV. Use a kneader to heat and knead the waste plastics, and the kneading temperature is 50 - 60 °C;

[0011] V. Place the kneaded material in a mold and use a press to form it, and press it at a pressure of 8 - 10 MPa for 6 - 9 minutes;

[0012] VI. Take the finished product out of the mold and package the finished product.

[0013] The present application also provides a screening device for the above-mentioned process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature, which includes a filtering box. The upper end of the filtering box is fixedly connected with a feeding cylinder for feeding. A vibration screening assembly is installed inside the filtering box. The lower right side of the filtering box is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe, and the other end of the discharge pipe is connected with a lifting assembly. The discharge end of the lifting assembly is connected with a shredder;

[0014] The vibrating screening assembly comprises a first driving motor, a filter plate, a cam and a driving shaft; the first driving motor is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the filter box, the filter plate, the cam and the driving shaft are all mounted inside the filter box; the output end of the first driving motor is fixedly connected to one end of the driving shaft, the cam is fixedly connected to the driving shaft, the filter plate is located above the cam, the cam is in contact with the lower wall of the filter plate, and both ends of the filter plate are respectively mounted on the shaking assembly;

[0015] An intermittent reverse pushing assembly is installed on the filter box, and the intermittent reverse pushing assembly includes an intermittent driving assembly, a push plate, a driving belt and a plurality of conveying rollers, which are all installed inside the filter box; the driving belt is installed on a plurality of conveying rollers, which are rotatably installed on a side wall of the filter box, and a plurality of push plates are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving belt at equal intervals; when the filter plate moves to the maximum height, the bottom of the push plate on the lower side of the driving belt is in contact with the upper wall of the filter plate.

[0016] Furthermore, an oblique discharge hole is provided inside the discharge pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the shaking assembly is installed inside the filter box, and the shaking assembly includes a spring, a straight plate and a sliding rod. The bottom of both ends of the filter plate are fixedly connected with the sliding rod, and the sliding rod is installed with a spring. The inner walls of the left and right ends of the filter box are fixedly connected with straight plates that cooperate with the sliding rod. The sliding rods are respectively inserted into the straight plates below them, and the spring is located between the filter plate and the straight plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes a discharging inclined pipe, a lifting box, a second driving motor, a driving roller, a driving belt and a driving plate; the other end of the discharging pipe is fixedly connected to the lower left end of the lifting box, the second driving motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the lifting box, the output end of the second driving motor is fixedly connected to the driving roller, the driving roller is connected to another driving roller above through the driving belt, a plurality of driving plates are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving belt at equal intervals, the outer end of the driving plate is in contact with the inner wall of the lifting box, and a discharging inclined pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the lifting box; the discharging end of the discharging inclined pipe is connected to the shredder.

[0019] Furthermore, a blowing assembly is installed inside the lifting assembly, and the blowing assembly is located on one side of the discharging inclined pipe; the blowing assembly includes an air inlet pipe and an air hood; the air hood is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the lifting box, and the air hood is located on the inner side of the driving belt. A plurality of spray holes are opened on the driving belt, and the spray holes are located between adjacent driving plates. An air inlet hole is opened on the lifting box, and the air inlet hole is connected to the air hood. One end of the air inlet pipe passes through the air inlet hole and is fixed inside the air hood, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the external fan, and the air outlet end of the air inlet pipe is arranged toward the driving belt.

[0020] Furthermore, the intermittent drive assembly is installed outside the filter box. The intermittent drive assembly includes a first pulley, a belt, a rotating disc, a connecting shaft, a second pulley, a square plate, a push rod, and a crescent wheel; the first pulley is fixedly connected to the other end of the drive shaft, the first pulley is in transmission connection with the second pulley through the belt, the second pulley is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is rotatably installed on the filter box, the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a rotating disc and a crescent wheel, the crescent wheel is fixedly connected with an eccentric push rod, one end of the square plate is fixedly connected to the leftmost or rightmost conveying roller, straight grooves facing the center and mating with the push rod are provided at the four corners of the square plate, and arc grooves mating with the crescent wheel are provided on the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the square plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a dividing plate is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom of the feed cylinder.

[0022] Advantageous Effects

[0023] Through the low-temperature heating treatment of the kneader, the waste plastics collide and rub against each other, and then are placed in the product mold for pressure molding, so that the recycling of waste plastic resources can be realized, avoiding resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0024] In the present invention, the intermittent drive assembly intermittently drives the conveying roller to rotate, thereby realizing that the conveying roller intermittently drives the drive belt to rotate clockwise, and the push plate scrapes the material on the filter plate upward, increasing the screening time of the material, increasing the residence time of the material on the filter plate, increasing the screening duration of the material, and thus improving the screening effect.

[0025] By providing the dividing plate, when the feed cylinder discharges materials, the dividing plate on one side blocks the waste plastics, which can avoid too much material being discharged at one time, and at the same time has the effects of scraping and dispersing the materials. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0027] Figure 1 Is a three-dimensional view of the main structure of a low-temperature treatment process for mixed waste plastics and its screening device of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 Is a front view of the structure of a low-temperature treatment process for mixed waste plastics and its screening device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3Left side view of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Stereo view of the main structure of a low-temperature treatment process for mixed waste plastics and its screening device according to the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 5 Stereo view of the main structure of a low-temperature treatment process for mixed waste plastics and its screening device according to the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0032] Figure 6 Is the sectional view taken along the A-A direction of Figure 3 ;

[0033] Figure 7 Is Figure 6 The enlarged view at B in;

[0034] The reference numerals in the figure respectively represent:

[0035] 1. Filter box; 2. Feed cylinder; 3. Vibration screening assembly; 31. First drive motor; 32. Spring; 33. Straight plate; 34. Filter plate; 35. Cam; 36. Drive shaft; 37. Slide bar; 4. Discharge pipe; 5. Lifting assembly; 51. Discharge inclined pipe; 52. Lifting box; 53. Second drive motor; 54. Drive roller; 55. Drive belt; 56. Drive plate; 6. Blowing component; 61. Air inlet pipe; 62. Spray hole; 63. Air inlet hole; 64. Air hood; 7. Intermittent reverse pushing component; 71. First belt pulley; 72. Belt; 73. Rotating disc; 74. Connecting shaft; 75. Second belt pulley; 76. Square plate; 77. Arc groove; 78. Straight groove; 79. Push rod; 710. Crescent wheel; 711. Push plate; 712. Drive belt; 713. Conveyor roller; 8. Dividing plate; 9. Inclined discharge hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a low-temperature treatment process for mixed waste plastics, including the following steps:

[0040] 1. Sort the waste plastics;

[0041] 2. Use a shredder to shred the waste plastics;

[0042] 3. Use a screening device to vibrate and screen the shredded waste plastics;

[0043] 4. Use a kneader to heat and knead the waste plastics at a temperature of 50 - 60°C; The dust output by the kneader is removed by a spray tower, and the exhaust gas output by the kneader is purified;

[0044] 5. Place the kneaded material in a mold and use a press to form it under a pressure of 8 - 10 MPa for 6 - 9 minutes;

[0045] 6. Remove the finished product from the mold and package the finished product.

[0046] Through the low - temperature heating treatment of the kneader, after the waste plastics collide and rub against each other, and then placed in the product mold for pressure forming, the present invention can realize the recycling of waste plastic resources, avoiding resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Please refer to the attached specification Figures 1-6 , this embodiment provides a screening device, which can be used for vibrating and screening the shredded waste plastics in step 3 of the above - mentioned process for treating mixed waste plastics at low temperature. The screening device includes a filter box 1, a feeding cylinder 2 for feeding is fixedly connected to the upper end of the filter box 1, a vibration screening assembly 3 is installed inside the filter box 1, a discharge pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the lower right side of the filter box 1, an inclined discharge hole 9 is opened inside the discharge pipe 4, the other end of the discharge pipe 4 is connected to a lifting assembly 5, and the discharge end of the lifting assembly 5 is connected to a shredder;

[0049] One side of the bottom of the feeding cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with a dividing plate 8. When the feeding cylinder 2 is discharging, the waste plastics can be blocked by the dividing plate 8 on one side, which can avoid too much material being discharged at one time and also has the effects of scraping and dispersing the material;

[0050] The vibration screening assembly 3 includes a first driving motor 31, a filter plate 34, a cam 35 and a driving shaft 36; The first driving motor 31 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the filter box 1, the filter plate 34, the cam 35 and the driving shaft 36 are all installed inside the filter box 1; The output end of the first driving motor 31 is fixedly connected to one end of the driving shaft 36, the cam 35 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 36, the filter plate 34 is located above the cam 35, the cam 35 is in contact connection with the lower wall of the filter plate 34, and both ends of the filter plate 34 are respectively installed on the shaking assembly;

[0051] The first driving motor 31 drives the driving shaft 36 to rotate, the driving shaft 36 drives the cam 35 to rotate, and the cam 35 drives the filter plate 34 to shake up and down to screen the waste plastics;

[0052] The shaking assembly is installed inside the filter box 1, and the shaking assembly includes a spring 32, a straight plate 33 and a slide bar 37. The bottoms of both ends of the filter plate 34 are fixedly connected with the slide bars 37, and the spring 32 is installed on the slide bar 37. The inner walls of the left and right ends of the filter box 1 are fixedly connected with straight plates 33 that cooperate with the slide bars 37. The slide bars 37 are respectively plugged into the straight plates 33 below them, and the spring 32 is located between the filter plate 34 and the straight plate 33.

[0053] When the filter plate 34 moves up and down, due to the buffering effect of the spring 32, the spring 32 shakes, so that the filter plate 34 shakes up and down following the spring 32, and at the same time, the slide bar 37 slides on the straight plate 33 to shake and screen the waste plastics;

[0054] The lifting assembly 5 includes a discharging inclined pipe 51, a lifting box 52, a second driving motor 53, a driving roller 54, a driving belt 55 and a driving plate 56; the other end of the discharging pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the lower left end of the lifting box 52, the second driving motor 53 is fixedly installed on the outside of the lifting box 52, the output end of the second driving motor 53 is fixedly connected to the driving roller 54, the driving roller 54 is connected to another driving roller 54 above through the driving belt 55, a plurality of driving plates 56 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving belt 55 at equal intervals, the outer end of the driving plate 56 is in contact with the inner wall of the lifting box 52, and the upper end of the lifting box 52 is fixedly connected to the discharging inclined pipe 51; the discharging end of the discharging inclined pipe 51 is connected to the shredder;

[0055] The waste plastics that have not passed the screening pass through the discharge pipe 4 and enter the discharge inclined pipe 51. The second drive motor 53 drives the drive roller 54 to rotate, and the drive roller 54 drives the drive belt 55 and the drive plate 56 to rotate, so that the waste plastics are transported to the discharge inclined pipe 51, and then transported to the shredder through the discharge inclined pipe 51 for re-shredding.

[0056] An intermittent reverse push assembly 7 is installed on the filter box 1. The intermittent reverse push assembly 7 includes an intermittent drive assembly, a push plate 711, a drive belt 712 and a plurality of conveying rollers 713. The push plate 711, the drive belt 712 and the plurality of conveying rollers 713 are all installed inside the filter box 1. The drive belt 712 is installed on a plurality of conveying rollers 713. The conveying rollers 713 are all rotatably installed on a side wall of the filter box 1. A plurality of push plates 711 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the drive belt 712 at equal intervals. When the filter plate 34 moves to the maximum height, the bottom of the push plate 711 on the lower side of the drive belt 712 is in contact with the upper wall of the filter plate 34. The intermittent drive assembly is connected to the drive shaft 36.

[0057] The intermittent drive assembly is synchronously driven by the drive shaft 36 to move intermittently. The intermittent drive assembly intermittently drives the conveyor roller 713 to rotate, thereby realizing the intermittent drive of the drive belt 712 to rotate clockwise by the conveyor roller 713. The push plate 711 scrapes the material on the filter plate 34 upward, increasing the screening time of the material, increasing the residence time of the material on the filter plate 34, increasing the screening duration of the material, and thus improving the screening effect.

[0058] Embodiment 3

[0059] Please refer to the attached instructions Figure 7 ., on the basis of Embodiment 2, a blowing component 6 is installed inside the lifting component 5. The blowing component 6 is located on one side of the discharge inclined pipe 51; the blowing component 6 includes an air inlet pipe 61 and an air hood 64; the air hood 64 is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the lifting box 52. The air hood 64 is located inside the drive belt 55. A plurality of spray holes 62 are formed in the drive belt 55. The spray holes 62 are located between adjacent drive plates 56. An air inlet hole 63 is formed in the lifting box 52. The air inlet hole 63 is communicated with the air hood 64. One end of the air inlet pipe 61 passes through the air inlet hole 63 and is fixed inside the air hood 64. The other end of the air inlet pipe 61 is connected to an external fan. The air outlet end of the air inlet pipe 61 is arranged facing the drive belt 55;

[0060] After the material is transported to the discharge inclined pipe 51, air is blown to the drive belt 55 on one side thereof through the air inlet pipe 61. The air is blown through the spray holes 62 between adjacent drive plates 56, so as to blow the waste plastic between adjacent drive plates 56 into the discharge inclined pipe 51, realizing the blanking, preventing the material from sticking to the drive belt 55, and facilitating the blanking of the waste plastic.

[0061] Embodiment 4

[0062] Please refer to the attached instructions Figure 5 ., on the basis of Embodiment 3, the intermittent drive assembly is installed outside the filter box 1. The intermittent drive assembly includes a first pulley 71, a belt 72, a rotating disc 73, a connecting shaft 74, a second pulley 75, a square plate 76, a push rod 79, and a crescent wheel 710; the first pulley 71 is fixedly connected to the other end of the drive shaft 36. The other end of the drive shaft 36 passes through the side wall of the filter box 1. The first pulley 71 is in transmission connection with the second pulley 75 through the belt 72. The second pulley 75 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 74. The connecting shaft 74 is rotatably installed on the filter box 1. A rotating disc 73 and a crescent wheel 710 are fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 74. An eccentric push rod 79 is fixedly connected to the crescent wheel 710. One end of the square plate 76 is fixedly connected to the leftmost or rightmost conveyor roller 713. Straight grooves 78 facing the center are formed at the four corners of the square plate 76 for cooperating with the push rod 79. Arc grooves 77 for cooperating with the crescent wheel 710 are formed on the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the square plate 76;

[0063] The first pulley 71 is driven to rotate by the drive shaft 36. The first pulley 71 drives the second pulley 75 to rotate through the belt 72. The second pulley 75 drives the connecting shaft 74 to rotate. The connecting shaft 74 drives the rotating disk 73 and the crescent wheel 710 to rotate. Through the cooperation of the rotating disk 73 and the crescent wheel 710 with the square plate 76, the push rod 79 intermittently cooperates with the straight groove 78 to push the square plate 76 to rotate. The square plate 76 drives the conveyor roller 713 to rotate, thereby realizing the intermittent driving of the drive belt 712 to rotate clockwise by the conveyor roller 713. The push plate 711 scrapes the material on the filter plate 34 upward, improving the screening time of the material, increasing the residence time of the material on the filter plate 34, increasing the screening duration of the material, and thus improving the screening effect.

[0064] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements will not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A screening device for a process of low-temperature treatment of mixed waste plastics, characterized in that, It includes a filtration box (1). A feed cylinder (2) for feeding is fixedly connected to the upper end of the filtration box (1). A vibrating screening assembly (3) is installed inside the filtration box (1). A discharge pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the lower right side of the filtration box (1). The other end of the discharge pipe (4) is connected to a lifting assembly (5). The discharge end of the lifting assembly (5) is connected to a shredder. The vibrating screening assembly (3) includes a first drive motor (31), a filter plate (34), a cam (35), and a drive shaft (36). The first drive motor (31) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the filtration box (1). The filter plate (34), the cam (35), and the drive shaft (36) are all installed inside the filtration box (1). The output end of the first drive motor (31) is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft (36). The cam (35) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (36). The filter plate (34) is located above the cam (35). The cam (35) is in contact connection with the lower wall of the filter plate (34). Both ends of the filter plate (34) are respectively installed on a jitter assembly. An intermittent reverse pushing assembly (7) is installed on the filtration box (1). The intermittent reverse pushing assembly (7) includes an intermittent drive assembly, a push plate (711), a drive belt (712), and a plurality of conveyor rollers (713). The push plate (711), the drive belt (712), and the plurality of conveyor rollers (713) are all installed inside the filtration box (1). The drive belt (712) is installed on the plurality of conveyor rollers (713). The conveyor rollers (713) are all rotatably installed on a side wall of the filtration box (1). A plurality of push plates (711) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the drive belt (712) at equal intervals. When the filter plate (34) moves to the maximum height, the bottom of the push plate (711) on the lower side of the drive belt (712) is in close contact with the upper wall of the filter plate (34).

2. The screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inclined discharge hole (9) is formed inside the discharge pipe (4).

3. The screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that The jitter assembly is installed inside the filtration box (1). The jitter assembly includes a spring (32), a straight plate (33), and a slide rod (37). Slide rods (37) are fixedly connected to the bottoms of both ends of the filter plate (34). Springs (32) are installed on the slide rods (37). Straight plates (33) matched with the slide rods (37) are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the left and right ends of the filtration box (1). The slide rods (37) are respectively inserted into the straight plates (33) below them. The springs (32) are located between the filter plate (34) and the straight plates (33).

4. The screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that The lifting assembly (5) comprises a discharge inclined pipe (51), a lifting box (52), a second driving motor (53), a driving roller (54), a driving belt (55) and a driving plate (56); the other end of the discharge pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the lower left end of the lifting box (52); the second driving motor (53) is fixedly installed outside the lifting box (52); the output end of the second driving motor (53) is fixedly connected to the driving roller (54); the driving roller (54) is drivingly connected to another driving roller (54) above via the driving belt (55); a plurality of driving plates (56) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the driving belt (55) at equal intervals; the outer end of the driving plate (56) is in close contact with the inner wall of the lifting box (52); the upper end of the lifting box (52) is fixedly connected to the discharge inclined pipe (51); the discharge end of the discharge inclined pipe (51) is connected to the shredder.

5. The screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A blowing assembly (6) is installed inside the lifting assembly (5), and the blowing assembly (6) is located on one side of the discharging inclined pipe (51); the blowing assembly (6) comprises an air inlet pipe (61) and an air hood (64); the air hood (64) is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the lifting box (52), and the air hood (64) is located on the inner side of the driving belt (55); a plurality of spray holes (62) are opened on the driving belt (55), and the spray holes (62) are located between adjacent driving plates (56); an air inlet hole (63) is opened on the lifting box (52), and the air inlet hole (63) is communicated with the air hood (64); one end of the air inlet pipe (61) passes through the air inlet hole (63) and is fixed inside the air hood (64); the other end of the air inlet pipe (61) is connected to an external fan, and the air outlet end of the air inlet pipe (61) is arranged toward the driving belt (55).

6. The screening device according to claim 1, wherein The intermittent drive assembly is mounted outside the filter box (1), and comprises a first pulley (71), a belt (72), a rotating disc (73), a connecting shaft (74), a second pulley (75), a square plate (76), a push rod (79) and a crescent wheel (710); the first pulley (71) is fixedly connected to the other end of the drive shaft (36), the first pulley (71) is transmission-connected to the second pulley (75) via the belt (72), and the second pulley (75) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (74). A connecting shaft (74) is rotatably mounted on the filter box (1); a rotating disc (73) and a crescent wheel (710) are fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (74); an eccentric push rod (79) is fixedly connected to the crescent wheel (710); one end of the square plate (76) is fixedly connected to the leftmost or rightmost conveying roller (713); four corners of the square plate (76) are provided with straight grooves (78) facing the center and cooperating with the push rod (79); and arc grooves (77) cooperating with the crescent wheel (710) are provided on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the square plate (76).

7. The screening device according to claim 1, wherein A dividing plate (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom of the feed barrel (2).

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