Roadway supporting device with progressive recovery function for coal mining

Abstract

The application provides a roadway supporting device with a progressive recovery function for coal mining, and relates to the technical field of coal roadway supporting devices.The device comprises two support shells, each of which is slidably connected with a sliding column, and the upper ends of the two sliding columns are fixedly connected with a top plate.A top wall supporting mechanism is arranged on the top plate, and the front and rear parts of the top wall supporting mechanism are each provided with an expansion supporting mechanism.The two support shells are each provided with a side wall supporting mechanism.The application sets the top wall supporting mechanism to avoid the small stress area of the roadway top end, which leads to poor supporting effect of the roadway, and causes a large amount of falling and even collapse of the debris.The application sets the expansion supporting mechanism to avoid uneven stress of the roadway top wall between the two devices, which leads to local falling of the debris.The application sets the side wall supporting mechanism to improve the stress range of the adjacent two extrusion plates on the roadway side wall, and to avoid the movement of the device caused by the extrusion of the roadway side wall during use, thereby improving the safety of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine roadway support devices, and in particular to a roadway support device with a progressive recovery function used in coal mine development. Background Technology

[0002] During coal mining, tunnels need to be excavated from the coal seam for operation. Currently, temporary support devices are required to reinforce the tunnels during excavation to prevent collapse and potential hazards. Existing temporary support devices use hydraulic columns to lift the entire device upwards to support the tunnel roof. However, the tunnel is only partially supported by these devices, resulting in a limited stress area and making it prone to uneven stress on the roof, leading to rockfalls. Furthermore, when the existing support devices are retracted, they lose their clamping force on the tunnel, causing rapid loss of support and potentially resulting in large amounts of falling debris or collapse, which could injure workers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to propose a coal mine roadway support device with a progressive recovery function that increases the stress area of ​​the roadway.

[0004] This invention provides the following technical solution to achieve the above-mentioned objectives: a roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mine operation, comprising a support shell, two support shells, a base plate fixedly connected to the lower end of each support shell, four circular holes symmetrically opened on the two base plates, sliding columns slidably connected to each support shell, square through holes opened on each sliding column, hydraulic rods fixedly connected to the lower inner part of each support shell, the upper ends of the telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods respectively fixedly connected to adjacent sliding columns, a top plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the two sliding columns, a top wall support mechanism for supporting the top of the roadway provided on the top plate, an extension support mechanism for preventing the falling of gravel blocks provided at both the front and rear parts of the top wall support mechanism, and side wall support mechanisms for supporting the side walls of the roadway provided on each support shell, the top wall support mechanism supporting the top of the roadway, and the two side wall support mechanisms supporting the side walls of the roadway respectively, the top wall support mechanism and the two side wall support mechanisms cooperating to support and fix the roadway.

[0005] Furthermore, the top wall support mechanism includes a first sliding plate, which is slidably connected to the front of the upper side of the top plate. A second sliding plate is slidably connected to the rear of the upper side of the top plate. Both the first and second sliding plates are provided with several square slots at equal intervals. The square slots of the first and second sliding plates are interlaced and slidably engaged. Limiting plates are fixedly attached to both the first and second sliding plates. A first rack is fixedly attached to the lower side of both the first and second sliding plates via a mounting seat. The two first racks are slidably connected to the lower side of the top plate. A fixing frame is fixedly attached to the lower side of the top plate. A first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the fixing frame. A rotating wheel is fixedly attached to one end of the first rotating rod, and a first gear is fixedly attached to the other end of the first rotating rod. The first gear is located between the two first racks, and both first racks mesh with the first gear. A ratchet is fixedly attached to the first rotating rod. A pawl is rotatably connected to the lower side of the fixing frame via a rotating shaft. A torsion spring is installed on the rotating shaft of the pawl. The torsion spring is fixedly connected to the pawl, and the pawl meshes with the ratchet.

[0006] Furthermore, the extended support mechanism includes four rotating plates, which are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the first and second sliding plates, respectively. Each of the four rotating plates has a groove on its outer surface and several square through holes at equal intervals. A third sliding plate is slidably connected to the square through holes of the two sliding columns. Two first threaded rods are rotatably connected to the lower side of the top plate, passing through adjacent third sliding plates and threadedly connected to them. Two support rods are hinged to the upper sides of the two third sliding plates. The upper ends of the four support rods are slidably connected to the grooves of adjacent rotating plates via mounting rods. Each of the four rotating plates has a top wall support assembly for supporting the recessed portion of the roadway top wall within its square through holes.

[0007] Furthermore, the top wall support assembly includes a first sliding block, and there are several first sliding blocks. The several first sliding blocks are slidably connected to the square through holes of the four rotating plates through guide rails. Each of the several first sliding blocks is threaded with a second threaded rod. One end of each of the several second threaded rods is fixedly connected to a rotating wheel. The second threaded rods are provided with hexagonal blind holes. The other end of each of the several second threaded rods is fixedly connected to a first support block for supporting the top wall.

[0008] Furthermore, a damper is provided between the first sliding block and the rotating plate to prevent the first sliding block from sliding back and forth during use.

[0009] Furthermore, the sidewall support mechanism includes two first fixed columns, which are symmetrically fixed to the support shell. A first connecting rod and a second connecting rod are hinged to each of the two first fixed columns. One end of an adjacent first connecting rod is hinged to a first connecting plate, and one end of an adjacent second connecting rod is hinged to a second connecting plate. A third threaded rod is threaded between the adjacent first and second connecting plates, with the threads on the upper and lower parts of the third threaded rod having opposite directions. A fixing rod is fixed to the other end of an adjacent first connecting rod, and a fixing rod is also fixed to the other end of an adjacent second connecting rod. A fixing block is provided on the outer side of the support shell, and two elongated through holes are provided on the fixing block. The fixing rods on the adjacent first and second connecting rods pass through the two elongated through holes on the same side of the fixing block and are slidably connected to them. The fixing block is provided with a sidewall support assembly for supporting the sidewall of the tunnel.

[0010] Furthermore, the sidewall support assembly includes a support plate, which is fixed to a fixed block. The upper and lower parts of the support plate each have two sliding grooves for limiting movement. Two extrusion plates are slidably connected to the support plate via guide rails. Limiting blocks are slidably connected in each of the four sliding grooves of the support plate. The four limiting blocks are fixedly connected to the adjacent extrusion plates respectively. A second gear is rotatably connected to the upper part of the support plate. The two upper limiting blocks are fixedly connected to a second rack via mounting plates. The two second racks are located on both sides of the second gear and mesh with it.

[0011] Furthermore, each extrusion plate is provided with a groove to reduce weight, and the grooves of two adjacent extrusion plates are staggered to reduce the weight of the extrusion plates. Each extrusion plate is also equipped with a rubber plate to increase friction.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a stabilizing mechanism, which consists of two sets, each mounted on a separate support shell. These two sets of stabilizing mechanisms are used to prevent lateral displacement of the device. Each stabilizing mechanism includes a second fixing column, consisting of two columns, which are fixed to the front and rear sides of the support shell respectively. A second rotating rod is rotatably connected to each of the two fixing columns. One end of each second rotating rod is hinged to a second support block, and the other end of each second rotating rod has an arc-shaped groove for limiting movement. Several circular through holes are symmetrically arranged on each second support block. Each of the two second fixing columns is equipped with a limiting component for fixing the second rotating rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the limiting component includes a fixed frame, which is fixedly connected to the second fixed post. A third fixed post is fixedly connected to the fixed frame. A second sliding block is slidably connected inside the fixed frame. The third fixed post passes through the second sliding block and is slidably connected to it. A spring is sleeved on the third fixed post. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the second sliding block and the fixed frame, respectively. A limiting rod is fixedly connected to the second sliding block. The limiting rod is limited and engaged with the arc-shaped groove of the adjacent second rotating rod.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting a top wall support mechanism, the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate are moved forward and backward to the front and rear sides, increasing the force-bearing range between the first and second sliding plates and the tunnel top wall. This avoids the poor support effect of the tunnel top due to the small force-bearing area, which could lead to a large amount of gravel falling or even collapse. By setting an extended support mechanism, the rotating plates on the front and rear sides increase the force-bearing range of this device on the tunnel top wall. At the same time, the rotating plates support the top walls on both sides of the first and second sliding plates, avoiding uneven force on the tunnel top wall between the two devices, which could lead to local gravel falling and affect normal tunnel construction. Severe uneven force on the top wall could lead to tunnel collapse. The second threaded rod drives the first support block on it to press against the concave part of the tunnel top wall, making the support of the tunnel top wall by this device more stable and safe, avoiding uneven force due to uneven tunnel surfaces. By setting a side wall support mechanism... The structure pulls adjacent extrusion plates apart, increasing the stress range of the two extrusion plates on the roadway sidewall. The weight-reducing grooves on the extrusion plates reduce the overall weight of the device, facilitating transportation during use and improving its practicality. The rubber plates installed on the extrusion plates increase the friction between the device and the roadway sidewall, preventing movement due to pressure from the roadway sidewall during use and improving the device's safety. By setting up a stabilizing mechanism, four limit rods are used to fix the adjacent second rotating rods, preventing the second rotating rods from obstructing the device during transportation and improving its practicality. The device's gradual retraction, compared to existing temporary support devices, avoids direct loss of extrusion contact with the roadway during retraction, preventing the roadway roof from easily collapsing and causing danger. If the roadway roof is found to be unstable, the operator can also re-secure the roadway at this location, improving the safety of the device's roadway support. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top wall support mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the top wall support mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a bottom-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the top wall support mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the extended support mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the top wall support assembly of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sidewall support mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the side wall support mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sidewall support mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stabilizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stabilizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] In the above attached diagrams: 101-support shell, 102-bottom plate, 103-sliding column, 104-hydraulic rod, 105-top plate, 201-first sliding plate, 202-second sliding plate, 203-limiting plate, 204-first rack, 205-fixed frame, 206-first rotating rod, 207- 1st gear, 208-ratchet, 209-pawl, 301-rotating plate, 302-third sliding plate, 303-first threaded rod, 304-support rod, 305-first sliding block, 306-second threaded rod, 307-first support block, 401-first fixed post, 402-first connecting rod, 403-second connecting rod, 404-first connecting plate, 405-second connecting plate, 406-third threaded rod, 407-fixed block, 408-support plate, 409-pressing plate, 410-limiting block, 411-second gear, 412-second rack, 501-second fixed post, 502-second rotating rod, 503-second support block, 504-fixed frame, 505-third fixed post, 506-second sliding block, 507-spring, 508-limiting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A type of roadway support device with progressive recovery function is used in coal mine development, such as... Figures 1-9As shown, the system includes two support shells 101. Each support shell 101 has a base plate 102 welded to its lower end. Four circular holes are symmetrically arranged on each base plate 102. Sliding columns 103 are slidably connected to each support shell 101. Each sliding column 103 has a square through hole. Hydraulic rods 104 are bolted to the lower inner part of each support shell 101. The upper ends of the telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods 104 are bolted to adjacent sliding columns 103. A top plate 105 is bolted to the upper end of each sliding column 103. The top plate 105 is equipped with a top wall support mechanism for supporting the top of the tunnel. The top wall support mechanism extends forward and backward to both sides. The wall support mechanism increases the stress range of the tunnel roof. Both the front and rear parts of the roof support mechanism are equipped with extended support mechanisms to prevent the falling of gravel. The extended mechanisms extend to support the tunnel roof, increasing the stress range of the device on the tunnel roof. Both support shells 101 are equipped with side wall support mechanisms for supporting the tunnel side walls. The two side wall support mechanisms exert the same compressive force on the tunnel, preventing the device from shifting laterally due to uneven stress and improving the device's stability effect on the tunnel. The roof support mechanism supports the top of the tunnel, and the two side wall support mechanisms support the side walls of the tunnel respectively. The roof support mechanism and the two side wall support mechanisms work together to support and fix the tunnel.

[0030] When using this device, the operator first places multiple units at equal intervals in the coal mine roadway, positioning them in the middle of the roadway. Then, the operator activates the roof support mechanism, which causes its extended support mechanism to extend forward and backward, increasing the stress area against the roadway roof. The operator then activates the extended support mechanism, which extends to support the roadway roof, further increasing the device's stress area. Next, the operator simultaneously activates two hydraulic rods 104. The telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods 104 move the two sliding columns 103 and their components upward simultaneously. The operator adjusts the extension length of the hydraulic rods 104 according to the roadway height. Once the pressure exerted by the roof support mechanism on the roadway roof reaches the set value, the operator closes the hydraulic rods 104. Then, two... Operators coordinate to activate the sidewall support mechanism, which expands to the left and right. Two operators work simultaneously to ensure that the two sidewall support mechanisms exert equal pressure on the roadway, preventing lateral displacement due to uneven force and improving the stability of the device in the roadway. Subsequently, operators adjust the extension support mechanism to fix the recessed part at the top of the roadway, preventing uneven force on the top of the roadway from causing some rocks to fall and injure the operators. The above operation is then repeated to install and support the remaining devices. Multiple devices are used to fix and support the coal mine roadway. When it is necessary to disassemble the device, the operator first activates the two hydraulic rods 104 to reset the sliding column 103 and its components. Then, the operator resets the extension support mechanism and the top wall support mechanism in sequence, and finally resets the sidewall support mechanism.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1-4As shown, the top wall support mechanism includes a first sliding plate 201, which is slidably connected to the front part of the upper side of the top plate 105. A second sliding plate 202 is slidably connected to the rear part of the upper side of the top plate 105. Both the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 have several square slots at equal intervals. The square slots of the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 are interleaved and slidably engaged. The square slots of the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 can reduce the overall weight of the device, making the device easier to move. For greater convenience, limit plates 203 are welded to the front side of the first sliding plate 201 and the rear side of the second sliding plate 202. First racks 204 are welded to the middle of the lower sides of both the first and second sliding plates 201 via mounting seats. Both first racks 204 are slidably connected to the lower side of the top plate 105. A fixing bracket 205 is bolted to the lower side of the top plate 105. A first rotating rod 206 is rotatably connected to the fixing bracket 205. A rotating wheel is welded to the lower end of the first rotating rod 206. A first gear 207 is connected to the upper key. The first gear 207 is located between two first racks 204, and both first racks 204 mesh with the first gear 207. The first rotating rod 206 drives the two first racks 204 to slide away from each other through the first gear 207, causing the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 to drive the components on them to move forward and backward to the sides respectively. The outward movement of the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 increases the stress range with the tunnel roof. The first rotating rod 206 is welded with... There is a ratchet 208, and a pawl 209 is rotatably connected to the left side of the lower side of the fixing frame 205 via a rotating shaft. A torsion spring is installed on the rotating shaft of the pawl 209, and the torsion spring is fixed to the pawl 209. The pawl 209 meshes with the ratchet 208. When the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 move to the designated position, the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 are fixed by the cooperation of the pawl 209 and the ratchet 208, so as to prevent the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 from shifting when they are squeezed and fixed to the top wall of the roadway.

[0033] like Figure 5As shown, the extended support mechanism includes four rotating plates 301, which are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202, respectively. The rotating plates 301 on both sides increase the stress range of the device on the tunnel roof. Simultaneously, the rotating plates 301 support the tunnel roof on both sides of the first and second sliding plates 201, preventing uneven stress on the tunnel roof between the two devices from causing localized rockfalls and affecting normal tunnel construction. Each of the four rotating plates 301 has a groove on its outer surface and several square through holes at equal intervals. A third sliding plate 302 is slidably connected to the square through holes of the two sliding columns 103. First threaded rods 303 are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the lower side of the top plate 105. The two first threaded rods 303 pass through adjacent third sliding plates 302 and are threadedly connected to them. Support rods 304 are hinged to the front and rear parts of the upper side of the two third sliding plates 302. The upper ends of the four support rods 304 are slidably connected to the sliding grooves of the adjacent rotating plates 301 through mounting rods. The first threaded rod 303 on the right drives the adjacent third sliding plate 302 and its components to move upward through the thread. The third sliding plate 302 on the right drives the two rotating plates 301 on the right to swing upward through the two support rods 304 on it. The square through holes of the four rotating plates 301 are provided with top wall support components for supporting the recessed parts of the roadway top wall.

[0034] like Figure 6 As shown, the top wall support assembly includes a first sliding block 305. Several first sliding blocks 305 are provided, and the several first sliding blocks 305 are slidably connected to the square through holes of four rotating plates 301. Damping is provided between the first sliding blocks 305 and the rotating plates 301 to prevent the first sliding blocks 305 from sliding back and forth during use, so as to avoid the first sliding blocks 305 from sliding back and forth during operation, which would prevent the first sliding blocks 305 from being located on the lower side of the groove of the roadway top wall. Each of the several first sliding blocks 305 is threadedly connected to a second threaded rod 306. The inner end of each of the several second threaded rods 306 is welded with a rotating wheel. The second threaded rods 306 are provided with hexagonal blind holes. The outer end of each of the several second threaded rods 306 is welded with a first support block 307 for supporting the top wall.

[0035] like Figures 7-9As shown, the sidewall support mechanism includes two first fixed columns 401, which are symmetrically fixed to the front and rear sides of the support shell 101. A first connecting rod 402 and a second connecting rod 403 are hinged to each first fixed column 401. One end of an adjacent first connecting rod 402 is hinged to a first connecting plate 404, and one end of an adjacent second connecting rod 403 is hinged to a second connecting plate 405. A third threaded rod 406 is threaded between the adjacent first connecting plate 404 and the second connecting plate 405. The threads of the upper and lower parts of the third threaded rod 406 are opposite in direction. When the third threaded rod 406 rotates clockwise, it causes the adjacent first connecting plate 404 and the second connecting plate 405 to slide closer together. A fixing rod is welded to the other end of each adjacent first connecting rod 402 and the other end of each adjacent second connecting rod 403. A fixing block 407 is provided on the outer side of the support shell 101. The fixing block 407 has two elongated through holes on its upper and lower sides. The fixing rods on the second connecting rod 403 slide along the grooves of the adjacent fixing blocks 407. The two fixing blocks 407 drive the components on them to move outward to support and fix the sidewall of the roadway. The fixing rods on the adjacent first connecting rod 402 and second connecting rod 403 pass through the two elongated through holes of the fixing blocks 407 on the same side and are slidably connected to them. The fixing blocks 407 are provided with sidewall support components for supporting the sidewall of the roadway.

[0036] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the sidewall support assembly includes a support plate 408, which is bolted to the outer side of the fixing block 407. Two limiting grooves are provided on both the upper and lower parts of the support plate 408. Two extrusion plates 409 are slidably connected to the support plate 408 via guide rails, pulling adjacent extrusion plates 409 away from each other, increasing the stress range of the adjacent extrusion plates 409 on the roadway sidewall. Each extrusion plate 409 has a groove for weight reduction, and the grooves of adjacent extrusion plates 409 are staggered to reduce the weight of the extrusion plates 409, facilitating transportation during use and improving the practicality of the device. A rubber plate is installed on the outer side of each extrusion plate 409 to increase friction, preventing movement due to roadway sidewall pressure during use and improving the safety of the device. Limiting blocks 410 are slidably connected in the four grooves of the support plate 408, and the four limiting blocks 410 are welded to adjacent extrusion plates 409 respectively. The upper part is rotatably connected to the second gear 411, and the two limit blocks 410 on the upper part are each welded with the second rack 412 through the mounting plate. The two second racks 412 are located on both sides of the second gear 411 and mesh with it.

[0037] The operator places multiple units of this device at equal intervals in the middle of the roadway. Then, the operator rotates the lower rotating wheel of the first rotating rod 206 counterclockwise. The first rotating rod 206, through the first gear 207, drives the two first racks 204 to slide away from each other. The two first racks 204 respectively drive the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 to slide forward and backward. The first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 respectively drive the components on them to move forward and backward. The first rotating rod 206... During rotation, the first rotating rod 206 simultaneously drives the ratchet 208 to rotate. When the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 move to the designated position, the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 are fixed by the cooperation of the pawl 209 and the ratchet 208. By moving the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 forward and backward, the force-bearing range between the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 and the roadway roof is increased, avoiding the poor support effect of the roadway due to the small force-bearing area at the top of the roadway, which could lead to a large amount of gravel falling or even collapse. By using the cooperation of the pawl 209 and the ratchet 208, the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 are prevented from shifting when they are pressed and fixed to the roadway roof, thus improving the support effect of the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 on the roadway roof.

[0038] When the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 drive the rotating plate 301 on them to move forward and backward to both sides, the upper ends of the four support rods 304 slide along the grooves of the adjacent rotating plates 301 respectively. The operator then rotates the rotating wheel at the lower end of the first threaded rod 303 on the right clockwise. The first threaded rod 303 on the right drives the adjacent third sliding plate 302 and its components to move upward through the thread. The third sliding plate 302 on the right is driven by the two support rods 304 on it, and the two rotating plates 301 on the right swing upward. When the two rotating plates 301 on the right contact the adjacent limiting plate 203 respectively, the two rotating plates 301 on the right swing to a horizontal state. Then the operator repeats the above operation and rotates the first threaded rod 303 on the left again. The rotating wheel at the lower end causes the two rotating plates 301 on the left side to swing to a horizontal state. The rotating plates 301 on the front and rear sides increase the stress range of this device on the tunnel roof. At the same time, the rotating plates 301 support the tunnel roof on both sides of the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202, avoiding uneven stress on the tunnel roof between the two devices, which could lead to localized rockfall and affect normal tunnel construction. Severe uneven stress on the roof can also cause tunnel collapse.

[0039] Subsequently, the operator simultaneously activates two hydraulic rods 104. The telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods 104 drive the sliding columns 103 connected to them to move upward. When the first sliding plate 201, the second sliding plate 202, and the four rotating plates 301 all contact the top wall of the roadway, the operator controls the extension length of the telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods 104 to control the pressure exerted by the first sliding plate 201, the second sliding plate 202, and the four rotating plates 301 on the top wall of the roadway. When the pressure exerted on the top wall of the roadway reaches the set value, the operator closes the two hydraulic rods 104, thus realizing the support of the roadway top wall by this device.

[0040] Subsequently, two operators are required to work together. Each operator pulls one of the compression plates 409 on the left or right side. The adjacent compression plates 409 cause their fixed limiting blocks 410 to slide along the grooves of the support plate 408. The adjacent compression plates 409 slide away from each other via the engagement of the second gear 411 and the second rack 412. Then, the two operators simultaneously rotate the two third threaded rods 406 clockwise with pneumatic wrenches. The two third threaded rods 406 cause the first connecting plates 404 and 405 on them to move closer together. The adjacent first connecting plates 404 and 405 cause the first connecting rods 402 and 403 connected to them to swing. The fixed rods on the adjacent first connecting rods 402 and 403 move along the grooves of the support plate 408. The sliding grooves of adjacent fixed blocks 407 slide, and the two fixed blocks 407 respectively drive the components on them to move outward. Then, the left and right extrusion plates 409 are pressed against the sidewall of the roadway. The operator makes the extrusion plates 409 on both sides exert the same pressure on the sidewall of the roadway, so as to avoid lateral displacement during the use of this device and improve the support effect of this device on the roadway. Pulling the two adjacent extrusion plates 409 away from each other increases the force range of the two adjacent extrusion plates 409 on the sidewall of the roadway. The weight-reducing grooves of the extrusion plates 409 are used to reduce the overall weight of this device, making it easier to transport during use and improving the practicality of this device. The rubber plate installed on the extrusion plate 409 increases the friction between it and the sidewall of the roadway, preventing the device from moving due to the pressure of the sidewall of the roadway during use and improving the safety of this device.

[0041] The operator then observes the flatness of the tunnel roof. If there is a depression in the tunnel roof, the operator slides the first sliding block 305, which corresponds to the depression. The first sliding block 305 moves its components to the underside of the depression. The operator then rotates the rotating wheel on the second threaded rod 306, or uses a long hexagonal wrench inserted into the hexagonal blind hole of the second threaded rod 306 to make it rotate. The first sliding block 305 and the rotating plate 301 have damping, making the operation of this device simpler and preventing the first sliding block 305 from shifting position when rotating the second threaded rod 306. If the first sliding block 305 is not directly below the depression in the tunnel roof, it will affect the support of the depression in the tunnel roof. The second threaded rod 306 drives the first support block 307 on it to press against the depression in the tunnel roof, making the support of the tunnel roof more stable and safe, and avoiding uneven stress caused by unevenness in the tunnel.

[0042] The operators then repeated the above operations to continue using the remaining units to provide temporary support for the roadway, preventing the coal seam at the top of the roadway from falling and causing danger.

[0043] When the device needs to be dismantled inside the tunnel, the operator first rotates the second threaded rod 306. The second threaded rod 306 drives the first support block 307 on it to support the recessed area of ​​the top wall. Then, the operator rotates the first threaded rod 303 on the right counterclockwise. The first threaded rod 303 drives the adjacent third sliding plate 302 and its upper components downward through the thread. The two support rods 304 on the right third sliding plate 302 release their restraint on the two rotating plates 301 on the right, and cause the two rotating plates 301 on the right to swing back to their original position. The two rotating plates 301 on the right lose their support for the tunnel top wall. Then, the above operation is repeated to make the two rotating plates 301 on the left swing back to their original position. Through the above operation, the device is gradually retracted. Then, the operator activates the two hydraulic rods 104. The telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods 104 drive the two sliding columns 103 and their components back to their original position. The first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 lose their support for the tunnel top wall. Compared with the existing temporary support device, this avoids direct compression contact with the tunnel during the retraction process. The tunnel roof is prone to collapse and poses a danger. The operator then moves the pawl 209 away from the ratchet 208, and then rotates the first rotating rod 206 to bring the first sliding plate 201 and the second sliding plate 202 closer together for sliding reset. Using a pneumatic wrench, the operator first rotates the third threaded rod 406 on the right counterclockwise. At this time, the first connecting plate 404 and the second connecting plate 405 on the right move away from each other, and the fixing block 407 on the right moves its components back to their original positions, simultaneously resetting the two pressing plates 409 on the right. The above operation is then repeated to reset the fixing block 407 on the left and its components. Following the above operation, the remaining parts in the tunnel are recycled for future use. If the operator finds the tunnel roof unstable during recycling, the operator can use the device to fix the tunnel at that location again. If the support of the right or left side wall of the tunnel is unstable, the operator can use the device to further support the side wall at that location.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] Based on Example 2, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, it also includes a stabilizing mechanism, of which two sets are provided, each set being mounted on one of the two support shells 101. These two sets of stabilizing mechanisms are used to prevent lateral displacement of the device. Each stabilizing mechanism includes a second fixing column 501, of which two are provided. The two second fixing columns 501 are welded to the front and rear sides of the support shell 101 respectively. A second rotating rod 502 is rotatably connected to each of the two second fixing columns 501. A second support block 503 is hinged to one end of each second rotating rod 502. The other end of each of the two supports is provided with an arc-shaped groove for limiting the position. The second rotating rod 502, the support shell 101 and the bottom of the tunnel are used to form a triangular stable structure. At the same time, the device is fixed with the anchors on the two base plates 102. Each second support block 503 is provided with several circular through holes symmetrically. Anchors are placed in the circular through holes of the second support block 503 to fix the second support block 503 to the bottom of the tunnel. The two second fixed columns 501 are provided with limiting components for fixing the second rotating rod 502.

[0046] like Figure 11 As shown, the limiting assembly includes a fixed frame 504, which is welded to the second fixed post 501. A third fixed post 505 is welded to the fixed frame 504. A second sliding block 506 is slidably connected inside the fixed frame 504. The third fixed post 505 passes through the second sliding block 506 and is slidably connected to it. A spring 507 is sleeved on the third fixed post 505. The two ends of the spring 507 are respectively fixed to the second sliding block 506 and the fixed frame 504. Limiting rods 508 are welded to the second sliding block 506. The four limiting rods 508 are used to fix the adjacent second rotating rods 502, which avoids the second rotating rods 502 from being blocked during the transportation of this device, thus improving the practicality of this device. The limiting rods 508 are limited by the arc-shaped grooves of the adjacent second rotating rods 502.

[0047] The operator places the device in the middle of the tunnel. Then, the operator rotates the four second rotating rods 502 sequentially. The arc-shaped grooves of the four second rotating rods 502 press downwards against the adjacent limiting rods 508. The limiting rods 508 then move the second sliding blocks 506 fixed to them downwards. The second sliding blocks 506 slide downwards along the adjacent third fixed posts 505, compressing the four springs 507. After all four second support blocks 503 have contacted the bottom of the tunnel, the operator inserts anchor bolts into the circular through holes of the four second support blocks 503. The anchor bolts are then inserted into the bottom of the tunnel, and finally, the operator inserts the anchor bolts into the two bottom plates 102. The four round holes are then inserted into the bottom of the tunnel. The second rotating rod 502, the support shell 101, and the bottom of the tunnel work together to form a triangular stable structure. At the same time, the anchors on the two base plates 102 are used to fix the device, improving the stability of the device's support for the tunnel sidewall and preventing the device from shifting its position during operation. When the device needs to be retrieved, the operator first removes the anchors on the base plate 102 and the second support block 503. Then, the four second rotating rods 502 are swung back to their original position along the adjacent second fixed column 501. The four springs 507 are reset, and the four limiting rods 508 respectively cooperate with the arc grooves of the adjacent second rotating rods 502. The four limiting rods 508 are used to fix the adjacent second rotating rods 502, preventing the second rotating rods 502 from obstructing the device during transportation and improving the practicality of the device.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mine development, comprising a support shell (101), two support shells (101) are provided, the lower ends of the two support shells (101) are fixedly connected to a base plate (102), four circular holes are symmetrically opened on the two base plates (102), sliding columns (103) are slidably connected to the two support shells (101), square through holes are opened on the two sliding columns (103), hydraulic rods (104) are fixedly connected to the lower inner part of the two support shells (101), the upper ends of the telescopic rods of the two hydraulic rods (104) are respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent sliding columns (103), and the upper ends of the two sliding columns (103) are fixedly connected to a top plate (105), characterized in that: The roof supporting mechanism is arranged on the roof (105), and the front and rear parts of the roof supporting mechanism are provided with expansion supporting mechanisms for preventing the falling of rock blocks. The roof supporting mechanism comprises a first sliding plate (201) which is slidingly connected to the front part of the upper side of the roof (105), and a second sliding plate (202) which is slidingly connected to the rear part of the upper side of the roof (105). The first sliding plate (201) and the second sliding plate (202) are both provided with a plurality of square grooves at equal intervals, and the square grooves of the first sliding plate (201) and the second sliding plate (202) are staggered and slidingly matched. Limiting plates (203) are fixedly connected to the first sliding plate (201) and the second sliding plate (202). First racks (204) are fixedly connected to the lower sides of the first sliding plate (201) and the second sliding plate (202) through mounting seats. The lower side of the roof (105) is fixedly connected with a fixed frame (205), and the fixed frame (205) is rotatably connected with a first rotating rod (206). One end of the first rotating rod (206) is fixedly connected with a rotating wheel, and the other end of the first rotating rod (206) is fixedly connected with a first gear (207). The first gear (207) is located between the two first racks (204), and the two first racks (204) are engaged with the first gear (207). A ratchet wheel (208) is fixedly connected to the first rotating rod (206), and a pawl (209) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the fixed frame (205) through a rotating shaft. A torsional spring is mounted on the rotating shaft of the pawl (209), and the torsional spring is fixedly connected with the pawl (209). The pawl (209) is engaged with the ratchet wheel (208).

2. The roadway supporting device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 1, wherein: The expansion supporting mechanism comprises a rotating plate (301), and four rotating plates (301) are provided. The four rotating plates (301) are rotatably connected to the left and right parts of the first sliding plate (201) and the second sliding plate (202). The outer sides of the four rotating plates (301) are provided with sliding grooves, and the four rotating plates (301) are provided with a plurality of square through holes at equal intervals. Third sliding plates (302) are slidingly connected in the square through holes of the two sliding columns (103). Two first threaded rods (303) are rotatably connected to the lower side of the roof (105), and the two first threaded rods (303) pass through adjacent third sliding plates (302) and are threadedly connected therewith. Two support rods (304) are hingedly connected to the upper sides of the two third sliding plates (302). The upper ends of the four support rods (304) are slidingly connected with the sliding grooves of the adjacent rotating plates (301) through mounting rods. Top wall supporting assemblies for supporting the recessed part of the top wall of the roadway are arranged in the square through holes of the four rotating plates (301).

3. The roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 2, characterized in that: The top wall supporting assembly comprises first sliding blocks (305), the first sliding blocks (305) are provided in plurality, the plurality of first sliding blocks (305) are respectively slidably connected in the square through holes of the four rotating plates (301), the plurality of first sliding blocks (305) are all threadedly connected with second threaded rods (306), one end of the plurality of second threaded rods (306) is fixedly connected with rotating wheels, the second threaded rods (306) are provided with hexagonal blind holes, and the other end of the plurality of second threaded rods (306) is fixedly connected with first supporting blocks (307) for supporting the top wall.

4. The roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 3, wherein: Dampers are arranged between the first sliding blocks (305) and the rotating plates (301) to prevent the first sliding blocks (305) from sliding forward and backward during use.

5. The roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 1, wherein: The side wall supporting mechanism comprises first fixed columns (401), the first fixed columns (401) are provided in two, the two first fixed columns (401) are symmetrically fixed to the supporting shell (101), the first fixed columns (401) are respectively hingedly connected with first connecting rods (402) and second connecting rods (403), one end of adjacent first connecting rods (402) is hingedly connected with first connecting plates (404), one end of adjacent second connecting rods (403) is hingedly connected with second connecting plates (405), the third threaded rods (406) are threadedly connected between adjacent first connecting plates (404) and second connecting plates (405), the screw directions of the upper and lower portions of the third threaded rods (406) are opposite, the other end of adjacent first connecting rods (402) is fixedly connected with a fixed rod, the other end of adjacent second connecting rods (403) is also fixedly connected with a fixed rod, the outer side of the supporting shell (101) is provided with a fixed block (407), the fixed block (407) is provided with two long through holes, the fixed rods on the adjacent first connecting rods (402) and second connecting rods (403) respectively pass through the two long through holes of the same side fixed block (407) and are slidably connected therewith, and the fixed block (407) is provided with a side wall supporting assembly for supporting the side wall of the roadway.

6. The roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 5, wherein: The side wall supporting assembly comprises a supporting plate (408), the supporting plate (408) is fixed to the fixed block (407), the upper and lower portions of the supporting plate (408) are provided with two sliding grooves for limiting, the supporting plate (408) is slidably connected with two extrusion plates (409) through guide rails, the four sliding grooves of the supporting plate (408) are slidably connected with limiting blocks (410), the four limiting blocks (410) are respectively fixed to the adjacent extrusion plates (409), the upper portion of the supporting plate (408) is rotatably connected with a second gear (411), the two limiting blocks (410) on the upper portion are fixed with second racks (412) through mounting plates, and the two second racks (412) are located on the two sides of the second gear (411) and are engaged with the second gear (411).

7. The roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 6, wherein: Grooves for reducing weight are formed in each extrusion plate (409), and the grooves of the adjacent two extrusion plates (409) are staggered with each other, so as to reduce the weight of the extrusion plates (409), and a rubber plate for increasing friction is mounted on each extrusion plate (409).

8. The roadway support device with progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 1, wherein: Also include the stabilizing mechanism, the stabilizing mechanism is provided with two groups, two groups of stabilizing mechanism is respectively arranged on two support shell (101), two groups of stabilizing mechanism is used to prevent the device from side displacement, stabilizing mechanism includes second fixed column (501), second fixed column (501) is provided with two, two second fixed column (501) is respectively fixedly connected on support shell (101), two second fixed column (501) is respectively rotatably connected with second rotating rod (502) on, the one end of each second rotating rod (502) is hingedly connected with second support block (503), the other end of each second rotating rod (502) is provided with arc slot for limiting, each second support block (503) is symmetrically provided with a plurality of circular through holes, two second fixed column (501) is provided with the limiting assembly for the fixed second rotating rod (502) on.

9. The roadway support device with a progressive recovery function for coal mining of claim 8, wherein: The limiting assembly includes a fixed frame (504), the fixed frame (504) is fixedly connected on the second fixed column (501), the fixed frame (504) is fixedly connected with third fixed column (505), the fixed frame (504) is slidably connected with second sliding block (506), the third fixed column (505) passes through the second sliding block (506) and is slidably connected with it, the third fixed column (505) is provided with spring (507), the both ends of spring (507) are respectively fixedly connected with second sliding block (506) and fixed frame (504), the second sliding block (506) is fixedly connected with limiting rod (508), the limiting rod (508) is limited with the arc slot of adjacent second rotating rod (502) and is matched.

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